Human Neutrosophic Evolution in Spiral Or the Divine Is in the Man

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Human Neutrosophic Evolution in Spiral Or the Divine Is in the Man University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications Academic Department Resources 2019 Human Neutrosophic Evolution in Spiral or The Divine is in the Man Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico, [email protected] Andrușa R. Vătuiu Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/math_fsp Part of the Mathematics Commons, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Other Physics Commons Recommended Citation Smarandache, Florentin and Andrușa R. Vătuiu. "Human Neutrosophic Evolution in Spiral or The Divine is in the Man." (2019). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/math_fsp/285 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Department Resources at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală sau Divinul este în Om Human Neutrosophic Evolution in Spiral or The Divine is in the Man Ediție bilingvă română – engleză Romanian – English bilingual edition Referenți: Prof. ION PĂTRAȘCU, Colegiul Național Frații Buzești, Craiova, România Prof. Dr. LUIGE VLĂDĂREANU, Academia Română, Institutul de Mecanică Solidelor, București, România Peer Reviewers: Dr. MOHAMED ABDEL-BASET, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Egypt Dr. GANESHSREE SELVACHANDRAN, Department of Actuarial Science and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Business & Information Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală sau Divinul este în Om Human Neutrosophic Evolution in Spiral or The Divine is in the Man Ediție bilingvă română – engleză Romanian – English bilingual edition Kalendarium Oradea, 2019 Editura Kalendarium Oradea, str. Cazaban 32 [email protected] Redactor de carte: Angela Haitiș ISBN 978-1-59973-600-6 Cuprins / Table of Contents Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală Miracolul biologiei ........................................................... 7 Căutări în negura timpurilor ........................................ 35 Căutând viața extraterestră ........................................... 71 De la Leonardo da Vinci a pornit totul ........................ 83 Conexiunea biologiei cu alte științe ............................. 89 Tezaurul umanității........................................................ 99 Bibliografie .................................................................... 131 Human Neutrosophic Evolution in Spiral The Miracle of Biology ................................................. 139 Searches in the darkness of times............................... 167 Searching for extraterrestrial life ................................ 203 Leonardo da Vinci has started everything ................ 213 The connection of biology with other sciences ........ 219 The treasure of humanity ............................................ 229 Bibliography .................................................................. 261 Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală sau Divinul este în Om Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală Miracolul biologiei Ca știință a organismelor vii, biologia studiază manifestările vieții din punct de vedere anatomic, fiziologic etc. Biologia, prin diversitatea organismelor vii cunoscute pe Terra, a oferit o vastă arie de cercetare tuturor specialiștilor angrenați în dezlegarea și explicarea mecanismelor vii, animale și vegetale. S-au identificat și catalogat diversele forme de vietăți, s-au studiat structurile interne și funcționarea acestora în interdependență unele cu altele sau relația cu mediul înconjurător, urmărindu-se evoluția lor de-a lungul timpului. Cercetătorii au fost interesați să afle când a apărut viața pe pământ și dacă aceasta a apărut printr-un accident cosmic sau a fost creată dintr-o anumită necesitate. Astfel, au apărut cele două opinii: una se referă la evoluția speciilor prin modificarea unor caracteristici impuse de influența mediului și de adaptarea la acesta, iar a doua se referă la apariția vieții prin creație. Lumea științifică, aderând la teoria evoluționistă a lui Darwin, a căutat să explice valabilitatea acestei teorii începând de la origine. Așa a apărut paleobiologia ca ramură a biologiei. 9 Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală În contrapondere, teologia susține teoria creației divine. Interesant este că, în ultimele decenii, o serie de exponenți ai vieții științifice au început să susțină teoria creaționistă, dar cu unele nuanțări. Vom încerca să aruncăm o privire asupra ambelor ipoteze. În 2016-2017, dupa o croazieră culturală și științifică întreprinsa în Arhipelagul Galápagos, Ecuador, din Oceanul Pacific, Florentin Smarandache a generalizat Teoria Evoluționistă a lui Darwin la Teoria Neutrosofică a Evoluției, care cuprinde Grade de Evoluție / Indeterminare / Involuție. Concluzia sa generală a fost că fiecare teorie a evoluției posedă un grad de adevăr, un grad de indeterminare, și un grad de neadevăr (ca în logica neutrosofică) - depinzând de tipurile de specii, de mediul înconjurător, de intervalele de timp sau de alți parametri. Și toate aceste grade sunt diferite de la specie la specie, de la mediu înconjurător la mediu înconjurător, de la interval de timp la interval de timp, de la parametru la parametru. Animalele și plantele (și chiar ființele umane) nu doar evoluează, dar și involuează. Unele trăsături se accentuează, altele se depreciază. Este de asemenea demn de observat că adaptarea poate ține diferențiat de evoluția fizică sau funcțională a unei părți a corpului, în timp ce alte părți ale corpului pot involua, iar celelalte pot rămâne neschimbate. 10 Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală În timpul procesului de adaptare a unei viețuitoare B la un nou mediu înconjurător η, - B evoluează parțial; - B involuează parțial; - sau B rămâne parțial neschimbat (neutru sau indeter- minat – i.e. nu e sigur dacă este evoluție sau involuție). Orice acțiune are o reacțiune. Putem observa, datorită adaptării: evoluția, involuția și neutralitatea (indeterminarea), oricare dintre aceste trei componente neutrosofice într-un anume grad. Gradele de evoluție / indeterminare / involuție se referă atât la structura lui B (părțile corpului), cât și funcționalitățile lui B (funcționalități ale fiecărei părți, sau interfuncționalități ale părților, sau funcționalități ale lui B ca întreg). Adaptarea la un nou mediu înconjurător înseamnă dezadaptarea de mediul înconjurător anterior. Evoluție într-o direcție însemnă involuție într-o altă direcție. Când o viețuitoare pierde într-o direcție, trebuie să câștige într- o altă direcție, în scopul de a supraviețui (pentru echilibru). O specie, în ceea ce privește un mediu înconjurător, poate fi: - în echilibru, în dezechilibru, sau în indeterminare; - stabil, instabil, sau indeterminat; - optimal, suboptimal, sau indeterminat. 11 Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală Se naște astfel o Teorie Neutrosofică a Evoluției, Involuției și Indeterminării (oscilație sau fluctuație între Evoluție și Involuție). Dacă speciile sunt într-un stadiu de indeterminare (neclar, vag, ambiguu) față de mediul lor înconjurător, tind să se îndrepte spre o extremă: fie spre echilibru / stabilitate / optimalitate, sau spre dezechilibru / instabilitate / suboptimalitate față de mediul lor înconjurător; speciile sau se degradează, fie treptat, fie brusc, prin mutație, și pier, sau se ridică treptat sau brusc, prin mutație, către echilibru / stabilitate / optimalitate. Punctul de atracție în acest sistem neutrosofic dinamic este, desigur, stadiul de echilibru / stabilitate / optimalitate. Dar nici când atinge acest stadiu, specia nu este fixată și poate ajunge, datorită unor noi condiții sau unor accidente, la stadiul de dezechilibru / instabilitate / suboptimalitate, iar din acest stadiu pornind din nou lupta speciei pentru a atinge punctul de atracție. Câteva Exemple Neutrosofice de Evoluție, Involuție și Indeterminare (Neutralitate) 1. Exemplul cormoranului Să luăm exemplul cormoranilor nezburători (Phala- crocorax harrisi) din Insulele Galápagos, cu aripile și 12 Florentin Smarandache & Andrușa R. Vătuiu Evoluție Neutrosofică Umană în Spirală coada atrofiate (deci involuție) din cauza lipsei necesității de zbor (căci ei nu au prădători la sol) și pentru nevoia lor permanentă de a-și scufunda capul în apă, după pește, caracatițe, anghile etc. Sternul lor aviar a dispărut (involuție), din moment ce nu le mai erau necesari mușchi de sprijin pentru aripi. Dar gâtul lor a devenit mai lung, picioarele lor mai puternice, cu labe reticulare (evoluție), pentru ușurarea prinderii peștilor sub apă. Cu toate acestea, cormoranii nezburători au păstrat mai multe dintre obiceiurile strămoșilor lor (funcționalitate în ansamblu): fac cuiburi, clocesc ouăle etc. (deci neutralitate). 2. Exemplul cosmonautului Astronauții aflați în spațiu pentru o perioadă lungă de timp se acomodează la gravitație redusă sau nulă (evoluție), dar își pierd densitatea oaselor (involuție). Cu toate acestea, alte părți ale corpului nu se schimbă, sau nu au fost descoperite modificări până în prezent (neutralitate
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