Project Report SE-14-07
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Geology of Hawaii Reefs
11 Geology of Hawaii Reefs Charles H. Fletcher, Chris Bochicchio, Chris L. Conger, Mary S. Engels, Eden J. Feirstein, Neil Frazer, Craig R. Glenn, Richard W. Grigg, Eric E. Grossman, Jodi N. Harney, Ebitari Isoun, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John J. Rooney, Ken H. Rubin, Clark E. Sherman, and Sean Vitousek 11.1 Geologic Framework The eight main islands in the state: Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe , Lanai , Molokai , Oahu , Kauai , of the Hawaii Islands and Niihau , make up 99% of the land area of the Hawaii Archipelago. The remainder comprises 11.1.1 Introduction 124 small volcanic and carbonate islets offshore The Hawaii hot spot lies in the mantle under, or of the main islands, and to the northwest. Each just to the south of, the Big Island of Hawaii. Two main island is the top of one or more massive active subaerial volcanoes and one active submarine shield volcanoes (named after their long low pro- volcano reveal its productivity. Centrally located on file like a warriors shield) extending thousands of the Pacific Plate, the hot spot is the source of the meters to the seafloor below. Mauna Kea , on the Hawaii Island Archipelago and its northern arm, the island of Hawaii, stands 4,200 m above sea level Emperor Seamount Chain (Fig. 11.1). and 9,450 m from seafloor to summit, taller than This system of high volcanic islands and asso- any other mountain on Earth from base to peak. ciated reefs, banks, atolls, sandy shoals, and Mauna Loa , the “long” mountain, is the most seamounts spans over 30° of latitude across the massive single topographic feature on the planet. -
Important Bird Areas in Hawaii Elepaio Article
Globally Important Bird Areas in the Hawaiian Islands: Final Report Dr. Eric A. VanderWerf Pacific Rim Conservation 3038 Oahu Avenue Honolulu, HI 96822 9 June 2008 Prepared for the National Audubon Society, Important Bird Areas Program, Audubon Science, 545 Almshouse Road, Ivyland, PA 18974 3 of the 17 globally Important Bird Areas in Hawai`i, from top to bottom: Lehua Islet Hanawī Natural Area Reserve, Maui Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai All photos © Eric VanderWerf Hawaii IBAs VanderWerf - 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS PROGRAM The Important Bird Areas (IBA) Program is a global effort developed by BirdLife International, a global coalition of partner organizations in more than 100 countries, to assist with identification and conservation of areas that are vital to birds and other biodiversity. The IBA Program was initiated by BirdLife International in Europe in the 1980's. Since then, over 8,000 sites in 178 countries have been identified as Important Bird Areas, with many national and regional IBA inventories published in 19 languages. Hundreds of these sites and millions of acres have received better protection as a result of the IBA Program. As the United States Partner of BirdLife International, the National Audubon Society administers the IBA Program in the U.S., which was launched in 1995 (see http://www.audubon.org/bird/iba/index.html). Forty-eight states have initiated IBA programs, and more than 2,100 state-level IBAs encompassing over 220 million acres have been identified across the country. Information about these sites will be reviewed by the U.S. IBA Committee to confirm whether they qualify for classification as sites of continental or global significance. -
Hawaiian Monk Seal Pupping Locations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands'
Pacific Science (1990), vol. 44, no. 4: 366-383 0 1990 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Hawaiian Monk Seal Pupping Locations in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands' ROBINL. wESTLAKE2'3 AND WILLIAM G. GILMARTIN' ABSTRACT: Most births of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, Monuchus schuuinslundi, occur in specific beach areas in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Data collected from 1981 to 1988 on the locations of monk seal births and of the first sightings of neonatal pups were summarized to identify preferred birth and nursery habitats. These areas are relatively short lengths of beach at the breeding islands and have some common characteristics, of which the pri- mary feature is very shallow water adjacent to the shoreline. This feature, which limits access by large sharks to the water used by mother-pup pairs during the day, should enhance pup survival. THE HAWAIIANMONK SEAL, Monachus at Kure Atoll, Midway Islands, and Pearl and schauinslundi, is an endangered species that Hermes Reef. Some of the reduced counts occurs primarily in the Northwestern Ha- were reportedly due to human disturbance waiian Islands (NWHI) from Nihoa Island (Kenyon 1972). Depleted also, but less drama- to Kure Atoll (Figure 1). The seals breed at tically during that time, were the populations these locations as well, with births mainly oc- at Lisianski and Laysan islands. Although curring from March through June and peaking one could speculate that a net eastward move- in May. Sightings of monk seals are frequent ment of seals could account for the increase around the main Hawaiian Islands and rare in seals at FFS along with the reductions at at Johnston Atoll, about 1300 km southwest the western end, the available data on resight- of Honolulu (Schreiber and Kridler 1969). -
RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1994 Part 2: Notes1
1 RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1994 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of two parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of plants and animals including new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more comprehensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this volume [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 41]. New Hawaiian Plant Records. I BARBARA M. HAWLEY & B. LEILANI PYLE (Herbarium Pacificum, Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, P.O. Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA) Amaranthaceae Achyranthes mutica A. Gray Significance. Considered extinct and previously known from only 2 collections: sup- posedly from Hawaii Island 1779, D. Nelson s.n.; and from Kauai between 1851 and 1855, J. Remy 208 (Wagner et al., 1990, Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai‘i, p. 181). Material examined. HAWAII: South Kohala, Keawewai Gulch, 975 m, gulch with pasture and relict Koaie, 10 Nov 1991, T.K. Pratt s.n.; W of Kilohana fork, 1000 m, on sides of dry gulch ca. 20 plants seen above and below falls, 350 °N aspect, 16 Dec 1992, K.R. Wood & S. Perlman 2177 (BISH). Caryophyllaceae Silene lanceolata A. Gray Significance. New island record for Oahu. Distribution in Wagner et al. (1990: 523, loc. cit.) limited to Kauai, Molokai, Hawaii, and Lanai. Several plants were later noted by Steve Perlman and Ken Wood from Makua, Oahu in 1993. Material examined. OAHU: Waianae Range, Ohikilolo Ridge at ca. 700 m elevation, off ridge crest, growing on a vertical rock face, facing northward and generally shaded most of the day but in an open, exposed face, only 1 plant noted, 25 Sep 1992, J. -
New Records of Commercially Valuable Black Corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at Mesophotic Depths1
New Records of Commercially Valuable Black Corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at Mesophotic Depths1 Daniel Wagner,2,8 Yannis P. Papastamatiou,3 Randall K. Kosaki,4 Kelly A. Gleason,4 Greg B. McFall,5 Raymond C. Boland,6 Richard L. Pyle,7 and Robert J. Toonen2 Abstract: Mesophotic coral reef ecosystems are notoriously undersurveyed worldwide and particularly in remote locations like the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands ( NWHI). A total of 37 mixedgas technical dives were performed to depths of 80 m across the NWHI to survey for the presence of the invasive oc tocoral Carijoa sp., the invasive red alga Acanthophora spicifera, and conspicuous megabenthic fauna such as black corals. The two invasive species were not re corded from any of the surveys, but two commercially valuable black coral spe cies, Antipathes griggi and Myriopathes ulex, were found, representing substantial range expansions for these species. Antipathes griggi was recorded from the is lands of Necker and Laysan in 58 – 70 m, and Myriopathes ulex was recorded from Necker Island and Pearl and Hermes Atoll in 58 – 70 m. Despite over 30 yr of research in the NWHI, these black coral species had remained undetected. The new records of these conspicuous marine species highlight the utility of deep diving technologies in surveying the largest part of the depth range of coral reef ecosystems (40 – 150 m), which remains largely unexplored. The Papahänaumokuäkea Marine Na western Hawaiian Islands ( NWHI) repre tional Monument surrounding the North sents the largest marine protected area under U.S. jurisdiction, encompassing over 351,000 km2 and spanning close to 2,000 km from 1 This work was funded in part by the Western Pa Nïhoa Island to Kure Atoll. -
Papahānaumokuākea Research and Conservation Fund
2020 GRANT SLATE Papahānaumokuākea Research and Conservation Fund NFWF CONTACTS Michelle Pico Program Director, Marine Conservation [email protected] 262-567-0601 PARTNER ABOUT NFWF Chartered by Congress in 1984, Removing marine debris at Papahānaumokuākea | Credit: Steven Gnam, JIMAR/NOAA PIFSC the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) protects and OVERVIEW restores the nation’s fish, wildlife, plants and habitats. Working with federal, corporate and individual The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) and NOAA’s Office of Marine partners, NFWF has funded more Sanctuaries announced funding in support of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National than 5,000 organizations and gen- Monument through a special initiative of the Hawaii Conservation Landscape Program. One erated a total conservation impact million dollars in funding was awarded to increase the capacity to conserve the wildlife of $6.1 billion. and habitats of the Monument. The six awards announced leveraged more than $3 million in matching funds from the grantees to generate a total conservation impact of over $4 Learn more at www.nfwf.org million. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS The Papahānaumokuākea Research and Conservation Fund seeks to advance the 1133 15th Street, NW management of the remote island archipelago of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands with Suite 1000 a focus on the interconnectivity of these marine island systems and their adaptability Washington, D.C., 20005 to environmental stressors. The 2020 slate also addresses two recent events in the 202-857-0166 Monument, an outbreak of a highly invasive(continued) and impactful algae, and significant destruction from Hurricane Walaka. 2020 GRANT SLATE Laysan albatross Equipping Albatross with Radar-Detecting Tags to Monitor Fishing Around Papahānaumokuākea (HI) The following six projects directly implement the five initial priorities for the Fund, set by the locally based Advisory Committee, to address critical management Grantee: Oregon State University questions and actions to benefit wildlife and habitat in the Grant Amount:. -
Status Assessment of Laysan and Black-Footed Albatrosses, North Pacific Ocean, 1923–2005
Status Assessment of Laysan and Black-Footed Albatrosses, North Pacific Ocean, 1923–2005 Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5131 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photograph of Laysan and black-footed albatrosses. Photograph taken by Eric VanderWerf, Pacific Rim Conservation. Status Assessment of Laysan and Black-Footed Albatrosses, North Pacific Ocean, 1923–2005 By Javier A. Arata, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Paul R. Sievert, U.S. Geological Survey, and Maura B. Naughton, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5131 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Arata, J.A., Sievert, P.R., and Naughton, M.B., 2009, Status assessment of Laysan and black-footed albatrosses, North Pacific Ocean, 1923–2005: U.S. -
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands/Kure Atoll Assessment and Monitoring Program
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands/Kure Atoll Assessment and Monitoring Program Final Report March 2002 Grant Number NA070A0457 William j. Walsh1, Ryan Okano2, Robert Nishimoto1, Brent Carman1. 1 Division of Aquatic Resources 1151 Punchbowl Street Rm. 330 Honolulu, HI 96813 2 Botany Department University of Hawai`i Mānoa Honolulu, HI 96822 2 INTRODUCTION The Northwest Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) consist of 9,124 km2 of land and approximately 13,000 km2 of coral reef habitat. They comprise 70% of all coral reef areas under U.S. jurisdiction. This isolated archipelago of small islands, atolls, reefs and banks represent a unique and largely pristine coral reef ecosystem. The islands support millions of nesting seabirds and are breeding grounds for the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal and threatened green sea turtle. The reefs include a wide range of habitats and support a diverse assemblage of indigenous and endemic reef species, many of which have yet to be described. Kure Atoll, located at the northwestern end of the NWHI chain (approximately 28º 25’ N latitude and 178º 20’ W longitude) is the northernmost atoll in the world. The atoll is located 91 km northwest of Midway Islands and nearly 1,958 km northwest of Honolulu. It is a nearly circular atoll with a diameter of 10 km (6mi). The outer reef is continuous Figure 1. IKONOS satellite image of Kure Atoll 3 and almost encircles the atoll’s lagoon except for passages to the southwest (Fig. 1). An emergent rock ledge consisting primarily of coralline algae and algally bound and encrusted coral is present along some sections of the reef crest. -
Amerson Et Al. (1974) the Natural History Of
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 174 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PEARL AND HERMES REEF, NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS by A. Binion Amerson, Jr., Roger C. Clapp, and William 0. Wirtz, Ii Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION with the assistance of The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C., U.S.A. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Atoll Research Bulletin is issued by the Smithsonian Institution as a part of its Tropical Biology Program. It is co- sponsored by the Museum of Natural History, the Office of Environ- mental Sciences, and the Smithsonian Press. The Press supports and handles production and distribution. The editing is done by the Tropical Biology staff, Botany Department, Museum of Natural History. The Bulletin was founded and the first 117 numbers issued by the Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, with financial support from the Office of Naval Research. Its pages were largely devoted to reports resulting from the Pacific Science Board's Coral Atoll Program. The sole responsibility for all statements made by authors of papers in the Atoll Research Bulletin rests with them, and statements made in the Bulletin do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian nor those of the editors of the Bulletin. Editors F. R. Fosberg M.-H. Sachet Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C. 20560 D. R. Stoddart Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge, England TABLE OF CONTENTS ! . LIST OF FIGmS ......................................................ill... LIST OF -
Whaling Shipwrecks of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument
A WHALE OF A JOURNEY Whaling Shipwrecks of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument 1000-1700AD Nihoa and Mokumanamana inhabited 1778 Captain Cook anchors at Kaua‘i 1819 Equator and Balaena rst whaling vessels hunting in Hawai‘i 1820 Sperm whale grounds discovered between Japan and Kure Atoll 1822 Whaling ships Pearl and Hermes wreck at Pearl and Hermes Atoll Whaling ship Two Brothers Maritime archaeologists compare shipwreck survivor sketches of Kure Atoll with State Refuge Staff. wrecks at French Credit: NOAA/NMSP Frigate Shoals 1837 Whaling ship Gledstanes wrecks at Kure Atoll 1842 Whaling ship Parker wrecks at Kure Atoll 1844 Whaling ship Holder Borden wrecks at Lisianski 1846 Whaling ship Konohasset wrecks at Lisianski 1852 Whaling ship Huntress wrecks at Maro Reef King Kamehameha IV voyages to Nihoa A shark swims through the site of a 19th century whaling shipwreck at Pearl and Hermes Atoll. 1859 Whaling ship South Seaman Credit: NOAA/NMSP wrecks at French Frigate Shoals 1867 Whaling ship Daniel Wood wrecks at French Frigate Shoals 1885 Princess Lydia Lili‘uokalani and a scienti c expedition visits Nihoa on the ship Iwalani 1898 The archipelago inclusive of the NWHI collectively ceded to the United States through a domestic resolution 1900 Hawai‘i becomes a U.S. Documenting artifacts at the whaling shipwreck site Territory on February 22 Pearl at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, NWHI. Credit: NOAA/NMSP 1909 Theodore Roosevelt declares the NWHI the Hawaiian Islands Reservation NOAA’s Maritime Heritage Program maritime archaeologists are lmed while documenting trypots, anchors, cannon and other artifacts at the Pearl shipwreck site, 1941 Japanese military attacks a whaling ship wrecked at Pearl and Hermes Atoll in 1822. -
Appendix a Cultural Impact Assessment
APPENDIX A CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Volume II: Final Environmental Assessment CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument Management Plan November, 2008 STATE OF HAWAI‘I DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES December 2008 Appendix A Volume II: Final Environmental Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................3 1.1 Project Background .....................................................................................................3 1.2 Scope of Work ..............................................................................................................4 1.3 Physical and Natural Setting.......................................................................................4 2.0 TRADITIONAL AND HISTORIC BACKGROUND ....................................................8 2.1 Cultural Setting ............................................................................................................8 2.2 Historical Period ........................................................................................................11 2.3 Contemporary Connections to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands ....................12 2.4 Cultural Access for Native Hawaiian Practices ......................................................13 3.0 MONUMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................13 4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................................16 -
Peregrine Falcon Predation of Endangered Laysan Teal and Laysan Finches on Remote Hawaiian Atolls
Technical Report HCSU-065 PEREGRINE FALCON PREDATION OF ENDANGERED LAYSAN TEAL AND LAYSAN FINCHES ON REMOTE HAWAIIAN ATOLLS 1 2 1 Michelle H. Reynolds , Sarah A. B. Nash , and Karen N. Courtot 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i National Park, HI 96718 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 April 2015 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAXXXXXXXXX for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices (http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................