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91 Summer 2016 Journal of Liberal History Issue 91: Summer 2016 the Journal of Liberal History Is Published Quarterly by the Liberal Democrat History Group

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91 Summer 2016 Journal of Liberal History Issue 91: Summer 2016 the Journal of Liberal History Is Published Quarterly by the Liberal Democrat History Group For the study of Liberal, SDP and Issue 91 / Summer 2016 / £7.50 Liberal Democrat history Journal of LiberalHI ST O R Y Legacy of the SDP Dick Newby What did the SDP bequeath to the Liberal Democrats? Seth Thevoz Cambridge University Liberal Club, 1886–1916 Early university politics Andrew Connell ‘I feel I am placed at a very great disadvantage’ Sir James Whitehead (1834–1917) David Cloke Europe: The Liberal commitment Meeting report Kenneth O. Morgan David Lloyd George: A biography in cartoons Book review Liberal Democrat History Group New from the Liberal Democrat History Group British Liberal Leaders Leaders of the Liberal Party, SDP and Liberal Democrats since 1828 Duncan Brack, Robert Ingham & Tony Little (eds.) As the governing party of peace and reform, and then as the third party striving to keep the flame of freedom alive, the Liberal Party, the SDP and the Liberal Democrats have played a crucial role in the shaping of contemporary British society. This book is the story of those parties’ leaders, from Earl Grey, who led the Whigs through the Great Reform Act of 1832, to Nick Clegg, the first Liberal leader to enter government for more than sixty years. Chapters written by experts in Liberal history cover such towering political figures as Palmerston, Gladstone, Asquith and Lloyd George; those, such as Sinclair, Clement Davies and Grimond, who led the party during its darkest hours; and those who led its revival, including David Steel, Roy Jenkins and Paddy Ashdown. Interviews with recent leaders are included, along with analytical frameworks by which they may be judged and exclusive interviews with former leaders themselves. ‘The leaders profiled in this book led the Liberal Party, SDP and Liberal Democrats through the best of times and the worst of times. Some reformed the constitution, led the assault on privilege and laid the foundations of the modern welfare state. Others kept the flame of Liberalism burning when it was all but extinguished. I am humbled to follow in their footsteps and learn from their experiences.’ Tim Farron MP, Leader of the Liberal Democrats ‘Political leaders matter. They embody a party’s present, while also shaping its future. This is particularly important in the values-based Liberal tradition. The essays in this book provide a fascinating guide to what it took to be a Liberal leader across two centuries of tumultuous change.’ Martin Kettle, Associate Editor, The Guardian ‘Important reading for those interested in leadership and Liberal history.’ Chris Huhne, Journal of Liberal History British Liberal Leaders is available at a special discounted price to subscribers to the Journal of Liberal History: £20.00 instead of the normal £25.00. Copies can be purchased: • Via our website, www.liberalhistory.org.uk; or • By sending a cheque (made out to ‘Liberal Democrat History Group’) to LDHG, 54 Midmoor Road, London SW12 0EN (add £3 P&P). 2 Journal of Liberal History 91 Summer 2016 Journal of Liberal History Issue 91: Summer 2016 The Journal of Liberal History is published quarterly by the Liberal Democrat History Group. ISSN 1479-9642 What did the SDP bequeath to the Liberal 4 Editor: Duncan Brack Democrats? Deputy Editors: Mia Hadfield-Spoor, Tom Kiehl Assistant Editor: Siobhan Vitelli Dick Newby examines the legacy of the Social Democratic Party Archive Sources Editor: Dr J. Graham Jones Biographies Editor: Robert Ingham Cambridge University Liberal Club, 1886–1916 10 Reviews Editors: Dr Eugenio Biagini, Dr Ian Cawood Contributing Editors: Graham Lippiatt, Tony Little, A study in early university political organisation; by Seth Thevoz York Membery Letters to the Editor 22 Patrons Targeting (Michael Meadowcroft); Liberal clubs (David Steel, Willis Pickard Dr Eugenio Biagini; Professor Michael Freeden; and Peter Hellyer) Professor John Vincent ‘I feel I am placed at a very great disadvantage’ 24 Editorial Board Sir James Whitehead (1834–1917): the parliamentary travails of a Liberal Dr Malcolm Baines; Dr Ian Cawood; Dr Matt Cole; meritocrat; by Andrew Connell Dr Roy Douglas; Dr David Dutton; Professor Richard Grayson; Dr Michael Hart; Peter Hellyer; Dr Alison Holmes; Dr J. Graham Jones; Dr Tudor Jones; Tony Report 33 Little; Michael Meadowcroft; Dr Tim Oliver; Dr Mark Europe: The Liberal commitment, with Sir Graham Watson and Lord William Pack; Dr Ian Packer; Dr John Powell; Jaime Reynolds; Wallace; report by David Cloke Dr Iain Sharpe; Dr Michael Steed Reviews 37 Editorial/Correspondence Mumford, David Lloyd George: A Biography in cartoons, reviewed by Kenneth O. Contributions to the Journal – letters, articles, and book reviews – are invited. The Journal is a refereed Morgan; Holden, Holden’s Ghosts, reviewed by Simone Warr; Murphy, Ireland’s publication; all articles submitted will be peer- Czar, reviewed by Charles Read; Owen, Labour and the Caucus, reviewed by reviewed. Contributions should be sent to: William C. Lubenow; Ault, Liberal Democrats in Cornwall, reviewed by Mark Pack; Johnson, The Churchill Factor, reviewed by Andrew Connell Duncan Brack (Editor) 54 Midmoor Road, London SW12 0EN email: [email protected] All articles copyright © Journal of Liberal History. All rights reserved. Advertisements Prices on application; discounts available for repeat ads or offers to readers (e.g. discounted book prices). To place ads, please contact the Editor. Subscriptions/Membership An annual subscription to the Journal of Liberal History costs £25.00 (£15.00 unwaged rate). This includes membership of the History Group unless you inform us otherwise. Non-UK subscribers should add £10.00. Online subscriptions are also available: to individuals at £45.00, and to institutions at £60.00. As well as printed copies, online subscribers can access online copies of current and past Journals. Subscribe via our website, www.liberalhistory.org.uk. Or, send a cheque (payable to ‘Liberal Democrat Liberal Democrat History Group History Group’) to: The Liberal Democrat History Group promotes the discussion and research of Patrick Mitchell topics relating to the histories of the Liberal Democrats, Liberal Party, and SDP, and 6 Palfrey Place, London SW8 1PA; of Liberalism. The Group organises discussion meetings and produces the Journal email: [email protected] of Liberal History and other occasional publications. Cover design concept: Lynne Featherstone For more information, including historical commentaries, details of publications, back issues of the Journal, and archive and other research sources, see our website Published by the Liberal Democrat History Group, c/o 54 Midmoor Road, London SW12 0EN at: www.liberalhistory.org.uk. Printed by Kall-Kwik, 18 Colville Road, London W3 8BL Subscribers’ code for discounted sales from the History Group online shop: mbr011 July 2016 Chair: Tony Little Honorary President: Lord Wallace of Saltaire Journal of Liberal History 91 Summer 2016 3 Social Democratic Party Dick Newby examines the legacy of the SDP to the modern-day Liberal Democrats, in terms of policies, procedures and people. What did the SDP bequeath to the Liberal Democrats? t is a measure of the success of the Liberal at the time – what he thought. ‘We’ve got a liberal Democrats in bringing together the SDP and [or possibly Liberal] party’, he said, ‘with an SDP Ithe Liberal Party, that it has taken quite an constitution’. effort of will for me to even begin to answer the Where does the truth lie? I’d like to look at this question of what contribution the SDP made to the under the three headings of procedures, policies Liberal Democrats. Twenty-eight years after the and people. merger and thirty-five years after the formation of the SDP is definitely a long enough period to ena- ble one to attempt an answer to the question, but Procedures equally, it is also long enough to forget some of the The predecessor parties were organised in quite salient characteristics of the pre-merger parties. different ways. The Liberal Party had grown At the time of the merger, Sir Leslie Murphy, organically over a long period. Its membership one of the SDP trustees and a former chairman criteria were in places quite vague – the West of the National Enterprise Board, said bleakly Country, for example, boasted many ‘seedcake’ ‘There’s no such thing as a merger. There are only members, i.e. people whose contribution to the takeovers.’ And he was in no doubt that the SDP party’s resources came not from paying a sub- was being taken over. In their magisterial book scription, but in helping at social functions to about the SDP, published in 1995, Ivor Crewe raise funds. Membership records were kept only and Tony King were equally stark: ‘The Liberal at constituency level and there was a deep suspi- Democratic Party differs very little from the old cion of the national party getting anywhere near Liberal Party’. And in thinking about this article I them. It had long-established and largely autono- asked Tony Greaves – a fierce critic of the merger mous Scottish and Welsh parties and variably 4 Journal of Liberal History 91 Summer 2016 What did the SDP bequeath to the Liberal Democrats? strong regional parties in England. Its policy- took up most time and energy proved to be tran- making was undertaken by a large annual Assem- sitory. The first related to the name of the new bly, attendance at which, though linked to local party. The name finally chosen – Social and Lib- party membership, was effectively open to all eral Democrats (witheringly described as ‘Salads’ members. In between, it had a quarterly Council, by the media) – only lasted until 1989. The issue of comprised of about two to three hundred mem- whether there should be a reference to NATO in bers and having a somewhat ambiguous role in the preamble (on which the SDP negotiating team formulating and commenting upon policy and successfully dug in their heels) became largely strategy.
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