DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphology of the Circulating Blood Cells

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphology of the Circulating Blood Cells 72 HERBERT C. DESSAUER Wilson, J. W. (1939). Some physiological properties of reptilian blood. J. cell, comp. Physiol. 13, 315-326. Wintrobe, M. M. (1933/1934). Variations in the size and hemoglobin content of erythro- cytes in the blood of various vertebrates. Folia haemat. Lpz. 51, 32-49. Wistrand, P. and Whitis, P. (1959). Distribution of carbonic anhydrase in alligator. Effect of acetazolamide on blood and aqueous humor CO . Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 101 2 CHAPTER 2 674-676. Wolfe, Μ. R. (1939). Standardization of the precipitin technique and its application to studies of relationships in mammals, birds, and reptiles. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab. Morphology of the Circulating Woods Hole 76, 108-120. Wright, A. and Jones, I. C. (1957). The adrenal gland in lizards and snakes. J. Endocr. 15 Blood Cells 83-99. Zain, B. K. and Zain-ul-Abedin, M. (1967). Characterization of the abdominal fat pads of MARIE-CHARLOTTE SAINT GIRONS a lizard. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 23, 173-177. Zain-ul-Abedin, M. and Qazi, M. H. (1965). Blood sugar levels of some reptiles found in Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Pakistan. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 43, 831-833. Brunoy, France Zarafonetis, C. J. D. and Kalas, J. P. (1960). Some hematologie and biochemical findings in Heloderma horridum, the Mexican bearded lizard. Copeia 240-241. Zweig, G. and Crenshaw, J. W. (1957). Differentiation of species by paper electrophoresis of serum proteins of Pseudemys turtles. Science, N.Y. 126, 1065-1066. I. Introduction The earliest works on the blood of reptiles described only the structure of its various elements, often comparing them with those of other vertebrates. Treatises on hematology generally contain sections on reptilian blood; unfortunately these are often based on the study of far too few, principally European species. A few recent monographs consider single species and include, besides descriptions of the different circulating blood cells, other observations on various problems - parasites of the blood, seasonal or sexual variation in the numbers of corpuscles, hematopoiesis, and the like. The earliest published works are those of Mandl (1839) and Gulliver (1840) concerning the erythrocytes of crocodilians and turtles. Important studies of comparative morphology of the blood include those by Gulliver (1842, 1875), Milne-Edwards (1856, 1857), Hayem (1879), Pappenheim (1909), Werzberg (1910), Schulz and Krüger (1925), Loewenthal (1928, 1930), Babudieri (1930), Jordan (1938), Ryerson (1949), Altman and Dittmer (1961), and Pienaar (1962); the last work contains an important biblio- graphy. See Efrati et al. (1970) for a study of hemopoiesis in a lizard. Many questions remain unanswered, and the difficulty in determining the different cellular lineages appears to be one of the principal obstacles to a comparative study of reptilian blood. Only mature cells are considered in this chapter although various stem cells are found in the circulating blood. Pienaar (1962) gives a synonymy of the nomenclature used by the major previous authors (pp. 29-33) and attempts to standardize the names given to the cells of the circulating blood. I will use a slightly simplified version of his system of nomenclature. 73 2. MORPHOLOGY OF THE CIRCULATING BLOOD CELLS 75 74 MARIE-CHARLOTTE SAINT GIRONS The different types of mature cells in the circulating blood of reptiles are : cytes are chromophilic. The masses of chromatin are more or less visible, 1. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) depending on the age of the cells. The most critical staining permits the demonstration of granules within the cytoplasm (Hirschler, 1928; Ryerson, 2. Granulocytes (granular myeloid leucocytes) 1949) and of the Golgi apparatus (Bhattacharya and Brambell, 1924). a. Eosinophils b. Basophils (mast cells) The circulating blood contains immature cells of the erythrocytic series c. Azurophils (basophilic and polychromatophilic normoblasts) characterized by a rounded d. Neutrophils form, blue cytoplasm, and a large nucleus which is less chromophilic than that of a mature erythrocyte. These cells are especially common in young or 3. Lymphocytes (large, medium, or small lymphocytes) moulting animals (Saint Girons, 1961) or ones heavily infected by hemo- 4. Monocytes (large mononuclears) parasites (Pienaar, 1962). Mitotic figures are also present. These two 5. Plasma cells phenomena reflect the process of erythropoiesis, generally in association with 6. Thrombocytes. thyroid activity. The senile forms of the red blood cells are larger than the All the cells are nucleated. The names of the different types of granulocytes normal erythrocytes. Their cytoplasm stains weakly, and their nuclei are do not correspond exactly with their chemical composition or with their pycnotic and often irregularly shaped. In the final stage, the cytoplasm dis- particular staining properties. appears, and only the nucleus is visible in a smear. These different stages The problems concerning the monophyletic or polyphyletic origin of the have been studied in detail in one turtle (Terrapene carolina, Jordan and different types of cells have not been completely resolved. According to the Flippen, 1913), one lizard (Cordylus vittifer, Pienaar, 1962), and two snakes great majority of workers, all the cells in the circulating blood derive from (Vipera russelii and Python regius, Slonimski, 1934). one multipotent type of hemoblast capable of differentiating in the bone marrow or spleen to produce erythrocytes, granulocytes (eosinophils, baso- The presence of intracorpuscular parasites may alter the shape and size phils, azurophils, and neutrophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes. The last are of erythrocytes considerably. With infection of the red blood cells of Taren- the scarcely modified hemocytoblasts or stem cells which retain their multiple tola mauritanica by the sporozoan Pyrhemocyton tarentole, the erythrocytes potentialities and can give rise to all the other types of corpuscles. Throm- and their nuclei become more circular (Wood, 1935). In lizards from Mexico bocytes are said to derive from small lymphocytes. Some workers postulate and Florida, the presence of Plasmodium spp. within the corpuscles affected different origins, beginning with the hemoblasts, for the leucocytic series on the dimensions of the cells, causing a more or less marked increase in their the one hand and for the erythrocytes on the other. They thus do not accept size (Thomson and Huff, 1944a and b; Bergman, 1957; Reichenbach- all the multiple potentialities of the lymphocytes. Other hematologists believe Klinke, 1963). that the cells of the circulating blood have three distinct origins : monocytes A recent study (Saint Girons and Saint Girons, 1969) of 76 species of rep- derive from a stem cell of the reticulo-endothelial system ; granulocytic cor- tiles belonging to 29 families allows precise statements to be made concerning puscles, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes arise from a second type of stem the morphology of the erythrocytes in members of the four orders of reptiles cell, the myeoblast; and finally the erythrocytes arise from the erythroblasts. (Table I and Figs 1-5). The histological techniques for the study of blood and of hematopoietic The cryptodiran turtles have rather large erythrocytes with regular, rounded organs have recently been considered by Gabe (1968). nuclei. Their nucleo-cytoplasmic ratios (see Table I) are slightly less than the average for reptiles. Turtles of the genus Pelomedusa (Pleurodira) have small, II. Erythrocytes almost rounded nuclei, and thus an especially low nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio (Gulliver, 1875; Taylor and Kaplan, 1961; Pienaar, 1962; Saint Girons and The erythrocytes or red blood corpuscles of the circulating blood are Duguy, 1963 ; Saint Girons and Saint Girons, 1969). nucleated, oval cells, rounded at their ends (Figs 6-13, see facing p. 82-3). Their nuclei are also oval, more or less regular, and centrally located; their The erythrocytes of Sphenodon punctatus differ from those of all other long axes lie parallel to those of the cells.* In blood smears stained by the reptiles by their great size which allows the recognition of this species, with- classic May-Grünwald-Giemsa technique, the yellowish cytoplasm most out any doubt, from a simple blood smear. Otherwise they have no striking often appears translucent and homogeneous. The nuclei of mature erythro- characteristics, although their regularly shaped nuclei are slightly more rounded than in most reptiles (Saint Girons and Saint Girons, 1969). *In the lizard Acanthodactylus erythrums the long axes of more than 50% of the nuclei deviate from those of the cells in the only specimen of this form that I have studied. The erythrocytes of lizards vary greatly in size depending on the family 76 MARIE-CHARLOTTE SAINT GIRONS 2. MORPHOLOGY OF THE CIRCULATING BLOOD CELLS 77 TABLE I TABLE 1—cont.. List of Species with Erythrocyte Dimensions. .Erythrocytes Nuclei Ratios (GD - Greatest diameter, LD - Least diameter, S - Surface GD LD GD/ .S .GD .LD GD/ S N/C N/C - Nuclear surface/cell surface) LD LD 2 22 Erythrocytes Nuclei Ratios mcm (μ) (μ )2 (μ) mcm (μ ) GD LD GD/ S .GD LD GD/ .S .N/C Teiidae LD LD Ameiva ameiva 13..8 7,6 1.82 82.3 5.8 2.7 2.15 12-3 0.149 mcm mcm mcm2 (μ) (Μ) mcm. Cnemidophorus tigris 15..8 8,3 1.90 102.8 5.9 2.4 2.46 11.1 0.108 Cordylidae TESTUDINES Cordylus cordylus 17..3 9,8 1.77 133.4 6.3 4.5 1.40 22.2 0.166 Testudinidae Cordylus vittifer 17..2 9.5 1.81 128.0 7.1 4.6 1.54 25.6 0.200 Testudo graeca 18.5 10.6 1.75 153. 8 6.1 4.3 1..42 20..6 0.134 Scincidae Emydidae Egernia sp. 16..3 10.4 1.57 129.9 6.1 4.2 1.45 20.2 0.155 Clemmys caspica leprosa 19.0 10.9 1.74 162 .5 6.5 4.8 1..35 24..5 0.151 Chalcides mionecton 14..4 8.1 1.77 91.6 5.7 3.8 1.50 17.2 0.177 Emys orbicularis 19.9 11.7 1.70 182.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Origin of Tropical American Burrowing Reptiles by Transatlantic Rafting
    Biol. Lett. in conjunction with head movements to widen their doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0531 burrows (Gans 1978). Published online Amphisbaenians (approx. 165 species) provide an Phylogeny ideal subject for biogeographic analysis because they are limbless (small front limbs are present in three species) and fossorial, presumably limiting dispersal, Origin of tropical American yet they are widely distributed on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean (Kearney 2003). Three of the five burrowing reptiles by extant families have restricted geographical ranges and contain only a single genus: the Rhineuridae (genus transatlantic rafting Rhineura, one species, Florida); the Bipedidae (genus Nicolas Vidal1,2,*, Anna Azvolinsky2, Bipes, three species, Baja California and mainland Corinne Cruaud3 and S. Blair Hedges2 Mexico); and the Blanidae (genus Blanus, four species, Mediterranean region; Kearney & Stuart 2004). 1De´partement Syste´matique et Evolution, UMR 7138, Syste´matique, Evolution, Adaptation, Case Postale 26, Muse´um National d’Histoire Species in the Trogonophidae (four genera and six Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France species) are sand specialists found in the Middle East, 2Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State North Africa and the island of Socotra, while the University, University Park, PA 16802-5301, USA largest and most diverse family, the Amphisbaenidae 3Centre national de se´quenc¸age, Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston-Cre´mieux, CP5706, 91057 Evry Cedex, France (approx. 150 species), is found on both sides of the *Author and address for correspondence: De´partment Syste´matique et Atlantic, in sub-Saharan Africa, South America and Evolution, UMR 7138, Syste´matique, Evolution, Adoptation, Case the Caribbean (Kearney & Stuart 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Trade in Live Reptiles, Its Impact on Wild Populations, and the Role of the European Market
    BIOC-06813; No of Pages 17 Biological Conservation xxx (2016) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bioc Review Trade in live reptiles, its impact on wild populations, and the role of the European market Mark Auliya a,⁎,SandraAltherrb, Daniel Ariano-Sanchez c, Ernst H. Baard d,CarlBrownd,RafeM.Browne, Juan-Carlos Cantu f,GabrieleGentileg, Paul Gildenhuys d, Evert Henningheim h, Jürgen Hintzmann i, Kahoru Kanari j, Milivoje Krvavac k, Marieke Lettink l, Jörg Lippert m, Luca Luiselli n,o, Göran Nilson p, Truong Quang Nguyen q, Vincent Nijman r, James F. Parham s, Stesha A. Pasachnik t,MiguelPedronou, Anna Rauhaus v,DannyRuedaCórdovaw, Maria-Elena Sanchez x,UlrichScheppy, Mona van Schingen z,v, Norbert Schneeweiss aa, Gabriel H. Segniagbeto ab, Ruchira Somaweera ac, Emerson Y. Sy ad,OguzTürkozanae, Sabine Vinke af, Thomas Vinke af,RajuVyasag, Stuart Williamson ah,1,ThomasZieglerai,aj a Department Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Conservation (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany b Pro Wildlife, Kidlerstrasse 2, 81371 Munich, Germany c Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle de, Guatemala d Western Cape Nature Conservation Board, South Africa e Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA f Bosques de Cerezos 112, C.P. 11700 México D.F., Mexico g Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy h Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    [Show full text]
  • Species Account
    REPTILIA Order OPHIDIA (Snakes) I. Family COLUBRIDAE Ahaetulla prasina Green Vine Snake This snake was found in Renah Kayu Embun and Napal Licin survey sites at elevation 1400 meters asl and 300 meters asl respectively. Usually it can be seen in degraded habitat including plantation, secondary growth and house compounds, to primary rain forest (Inger and Stuebing, 2005; Kurniati, 2003). It occurs from lowlands up to mountain forests over 1500 meters asl (Kurniati et al., 2001; Kurniati, 2003). It is common species at low elevation (Inger and Stuebing, 2005), but become rare at high elevation such as Renah Kayu Embun survey site. This species is known from South-east Asia, East Indies (Sulawesi and The Lesser Sunda) (Stuebing and Inger, 1999: de Lang and Vogel, 2005). Figure 91. A. prasina (Photograph by H. Kurniati). Amphiesma sp This undescribed snake was found in Muara Labuh survey site at elevation 800 meters asl. It was a nocturnal snake that inhabited strong moving stream bank. The morphology of this snake is similar to A. kerinciense (David and Das, 2003). Possibly, it is a new species, but future study is needed. Figure 92. Amphiesma sp from Muara Labuh (Photograph by H. Kurniati). Aplopeltura boa Blunt-headed Tree Snake This snake was found in Upper Rupit River and Tapan survey sites at elevation 150 meters asl and 550 meters asl respectively. It inhabited lowland primary rain forest. It occurs at elevation between sea level to 1200 meters asl (Kurniati, 2003), but it is confined to be lowland. In Tapan survey site, it was rarely observed.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2010) 153–167
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2010) 153–167 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Conservation phylogenetics of helodermatid lizards using multiple molecular markers and a supertree approach Michael E. Douglas a,*, Marlis R. Douglas a, Gordon W. Schuett b, Daniel D. Beck c, Brian K. Sullivan d a Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA b Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303-3088, USA c Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA d Division of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85069, USA article info abstract Article history: We analyzed both mitochondrial (MT-) and nuclear (N) DNAs in a conservation phylogenetic framework to Received 30 June 2009 examine deep and shallow histories of the Beaded Lizard (Heloderma horridum) and Gila Monster (H. Revised 6 December 2009 suspectum) throughout their geographic ranges in North and Central America. Both MTDNA and intron Accepted 7 December 2009 markers clearly partitioned each species. One intron and MTDNA further subdivided H. horridum into its Available online 16 December 2009 four recognized subspecies (H. n. alvarezi, charlesbogerti, exasperatum, and horridum). However, the two subspecies of H. suspectum (H. s. suspectum and H. s. cinctum) were undefined. A supertree approach sus- Keywords: tained these relationships. Overall, the Helodermatidae is reaffirmed as an ancient and conserved group. Anguimorpha Its most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was Lower Eocene [35.4 million years ago (mya)], with a 25 ATPase Enolase my period of stasis before the MRCA of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Iguanine Lizards (Sauria, Iguanidae) As Determined by Osteological and Myological Characters
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1970-08-01 Evolution of the iguanine lizards (Sauria, Iguanidae) as determined by osteological and myological characters David F. Avery Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Avery, David F., "Evolution of the iguanine lizards (Sauria, Iguanidae) as determined by osteological and myological characters" (1970). Theses and Dissertations. 7618. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7618 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. EVOLUTIONOF THE IGUA.NINELI'ZiUIDS (SAUR:U1., IGUANIDAE) .s.S DETEH.MTNEDBY OSTEOLOGICJJJAND MYOLOGIC.ALCHARA.C'l'Efi..S A Dissertation Presented to the Department of Zoology Brigham Yeung Uni ver·si ty Jn Pa.rtial Fillf.LLlment of the Eequ:Lr-ements fer the Dz~gree Doctor of Philosophy by David F. Avery August 197U This dissertation, by David F. Avery, is accepted in its present form by the Department of Zoology of Brigham Young University as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 30 l'/_70 ()k ate Typed by Kathleen R. Steed A CKNOWLEDGEHENTS I wish to extend my deepest gratitude to the members of m:r advisory committee, Dr. Wilmer W. Tanner> Dr. Harold J. Bissell, I)r. Glen Moore, and Dr. Joseph R. Murphy, for the, advice and guidance they gave during the course cf this study.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Lapparentophis from the Mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem Beds, Morocco, with Remarks on the Distribution of Lapparentophiid Snakes Romain Vullo
    A new species of Lapparentophis from the mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem beds, Morocco, with remarks on the distribution of lapparentophiid snakes Romain Vullo To cite this version: Romain Vullo. A new species of Lapparentophis from the mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem beds, Morocco, with remarks on the distribution of lapparentophiid snakes. Comptes Rendus Palevol, Elsevier Masson, 2019, 18 (7), pp.765-770. 10.1016/j.crpv.2019.08.004. insu-02317387 HAL Id: insu-02317387 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02317387 Submitted on 19 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License C. R. Palevol 18 (2019) 765–770 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Palevol www.sci encedirect.com General Palaeontology, Systematics, and Evolution (Vertebrate Palaeontology) A new species of Lapparentophis from the mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem beds, Morocco, with remarks on the distribution of lapparentophiid snakes Une nouvelle espèce de Lapparentophis du Crétacé moyen des Kem Kem, Maroc, et remarques sur la distribution des serpents lapparentophiidés Romain Vullo Université de Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Two isolated trunk vertebrae from the ?uppermost Albian–lower Cenomanian Kem Kem Received 27 February 2019 beds of Morocco are described and assigned to Lapparentophis, an early snake genus known Accepted after revision 29 August 2019 from coeval deposits in Algeria.
    [Show full text]
  • 0314 Farancia Abacura.Pdf
    314.1 REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE F ARANCIA ABACURA Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. • FOSSILRECORD. In part, because of osteological similari• ties and past and present sympatry between F. abacura and the V. RICKMcDANIELand JOHNP. KARGES. 1983. Faranciaaba• congeneric F. erytrogramma, fossil specimens are difficult to as• cura. sign to species. Pleistocene and/or Recent materials from archaic deposits in Florida are reported in Gilmore (1938), Brattstrom Faranda abacura (Holbrook) (1953), Holman (1959), and Auffenberg (1963). Mud snake • PERTINENTLITERATURE. Recent taxonomic reviews are provided by Smith (1938) and Karges and McDaniel (1982). Neill (1964) discussed evolution and subspeciation. Comprehensive Coluber abacurus Holbrook, 1836:119. Type-locality "South Car• natural history information is found in Wright and Wright (1957) olina," restricted to Charleston, South Carolina by Schmidt and Tinkle (1959). Reproductive information is summarized in (1953). Holotype, Acad. Natur. Sci. Philadelphia 5146, fe• Fitch (1970), and Riemer (1957) described natural nests. Neill male, collected in South Carolina, collector and date unknown (1951), Mount (1975), and Martof et al. (1980) described habitat (not examined by authors). preferences. Other important references include: food (Dabney, Homalopsis Reinwardtii Schlegel, 1837:173, 357-358. Type-lo• 1919; Buck, 1946; Tschambers, 1948; Sisk, 1963; Mount, 1975), cality restricted to the range of Farancia abacura reinwardti predators (Auffenberg, 1948; Rossman, 1959), aberrant individ• by Karges and McDaniel (1982). Lectotype, Museum Nation• uals (Heiser, 1931; Etheridge, 1950; Hellman and Telford, 1956; al D'Historie Naturelle, Paris 3399, adult female donated by Hensley, 1959; Neill, 1964), habits (Meade, 1935; Schmidt and Teinturier before 1837, collector, date and exact locality Davis, 1941; Davis, 1948; Smith, 1961; Anderson, 1965; Mount, unknown (not examined by authors).
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Amphisbaena Lumbricalis
    Herpetology Notes, volume 10: 19-22 (2017) (published online on 27 January 2017) First record of Amphisbaena lumbricalis (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: including a distribution map and soil classification of its occurrence Ana Paula G. Tavares1, José Jorge S. Carvalho2 and Leonardo B. Ribeiro1,* Amphisbaenia is currently represented by 196 species (Vanzolini, 1996; Galdino et al., 2015). In Alagoas, (Uetz and Hošek, 2016) belonging to six families (Vidal A. lumbricalis has been recorded in the municipalities and Hedges, 2009). Amphisbaenidae, the most diverse of Delmiro Gouveia, Piranhas and Traipu, and in the family (178 species), is distributed throughout South municipality of Canindé de São Francisco in Sergipe America and Africa (Gans, 2005; Vidal et al., 2008; state. In the present study, we report a new occurrence of Uetz and Hošek, 2016). Of these, 73 species occur in this worm lizard for the semiarid region of Pernambuco Brazil (Costa and Bérnils, 2015), and 20 in the semiarid state and classify the soil where it occurs. region. Three distribution patterns can be recognised Between July 2009 and March 2014, specimens in these species (Rodrigues, 2003): i) species with of A. lumbricalis were gathered during wild fauna wide distribution in the Caatinga Morphoclimatic rescue missions conducted by the Project to Integrate Domain: Amphisbaena alba, A. pretrei, A. vermicularis, the San Francisco River with the Northern Northeast Leposternon infraorbitale, L. microcephalum and L. Hydrographic Basins (PISF). A total of 477 km of polystegum; ii) species associated with the sand dunes the area (eastern and northern axes of the PISF) were of the middle São Francisco River and adjacent sands: sampled during vegetation suppression and worm A.
    [Show full text]
  • Pressing Problems: Distribution, Threats, and Conservation Status of the Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus Spp.) of Southeast
    March 2013 Open Access Publishing Volume 8, Monograph 3 The Southeast Asia and Indo-Australian archipelago holds 60% of the varanid global diversity. The major threats to varanids in this region include habitat destruction, international commercialism, and human consumption. Pressing Problems: Distribution, Threats, and Conservation Status of the Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus spp.) of Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago Monograph 3. André Koch, Thomas Ziegler, Wolfgang Böhme, Evy Arida and Mark Auliya ISSN: 1931-7603 Published in Partnership with: Indexed by: Zoological Record, Scopus, Current Contents / Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, Journal Citation Reports, Science Citation Index Extended, EMBiology, Biology Browser, Wildlife Review Abstracts, Google Scholar, and is in the Directory of Open Access Journals. PRESSING PROBLEMS: DISTRIBUTION, THREATS, AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE MONITOR LIZARDS (VARANIDAE: VARANUS SPP.) OF SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN ARCHIPELAGO MONOGRAPH 3. 1 2 1 3 4 ANDRÉ KOCH , THOMAS ZIEGLER , WOLFGANG BÖHME , EVY ARIDA , AND MARK AULIYA 1Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig & Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Section of Herpetology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany, email: [email protected] 2AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Straße 173, 50735 Köln, Germany 3Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Jl. Raya Bogor km 46, 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia 4Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany Copyright © 2013. André Koch. All Rights Reserved. Please cite this monograph as follows: Koch, André, Thomas Ziegler, Wolfgange Böhme, Evy Arida, and Mark Auliya. 2013. Pressing Problems: Distribution, threats, and conservation status of the monitor lizards (Varanidae: Varanus spp.) of Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • THE KEI ISLANDS MONITOR LIZARD (SQUAMATA: VARANIDAE: Varanus: Euprepiosaurus) AS a DISTINCT MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC, and CONSERVATION UNIT
    Russian Journal of Herpetology Vol. 26, No. 5, 2019, pp. 272 – 280 DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-5-272-280 THE KEI ISLANDS MONITOR LIZARD (SQUAMATA: VARANIDAE: Varanus: Euprepiosaurus) AS A DISTINCT MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC, AND CONSERVATION UNIT Wolfgang Böhme,1* Hans J. Jacobs,2 Thore Koppetsch,1 and Andreas Schmitz3 Submitted Submitted May 27, 2019. We describe a new species of the Varanus indicus group (subgenus Euprepiosaurus) from the Kei Islands, Indone- sia, which differs from its close relative V. indicus by a light tongue, a conspicuous color pattern composed of dis- tinct yellowish ocelli on a blackish ground color and by some scalation characters. From its more distantly related, but morphologically similar relative V. finschi it differs by its midbody scale count and by some peculiarities of its scale microstructure. The new taxon, endemic to the Kei Islands, is also discussed in the light of conservation problems for many Indonesian island endemics. Keywords: Varanus; new species; Kei Islands; Maluku Province; Indonesia; conservation. INTRODUCTION updated by Koch et al. (2010) who added again four addi- tional species that had been described in the mean-time, The Mangrove Monitor Lizard, Varanus indicus and removed one (V. spinulosus) from the indicus group, (Daudin, 1803), type species of the subgenus Euprepio- since it turned out not even to belong to the subgenus saurus Fitzinger, 1843, has been dismantled as a collec- Euprepiosaurus (see Böhme and Ziegler, 2007, Buck- tive species and found to be composed of meanwhile no litsch et al., 2016). After that update, two further new less than 15 different, partly allopatric taxa which are species of this group have been described (Weijola, 2016, commonly considered as species.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Tongue of Reptilian Species Psammophis Sibilans, Tarentola Annularis and Crocodylus Niloticus
    Int. J. Morphol., 29(4):1139-1147, 2011. Studies on Tongue of Reptilian Species Psammophis sibilans, Tarentola annularis and Crocodylus niloticus Estudios sobre la Lengua de las Especies de Reptiles Psammophis sibilans, Tarentola annularis y Crocodylus niloticus Hassan I.H. El-Sayyad; Dalia A. Sabry; Soad A. Khalifa; Amora M. Abou-El-Naga & Yosra A. Foda EL-SAYYAD, H. I. H.; SABRY, D. A.; KHALIFA, S. A.; ABOU-EL-NAGA, A. M. & FODA, Y. A. Studies on tongue of reptilian species Psammophis sibilans, Tarentola annularis and Crocodylus niloticus. Int. J. Morphol., 29(4):1139-1147, 2011. SUMMARY: Three different reptilian species Psammophis sibilans (Order Ophidia), Tarentola annularis (Order Squamata and Crocodylus niloticus (Order Crocodylia) are used in the present study. Their tongue is removed and examined morphologically. Their lingual mucosa examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as processed for histological investigation. Gross morphological studies revealed variations of tongue gross structure being elongated with bifurcated end in P. sibilans or triangular flattened structure with broad base and conical free border in T. annularis or rough triangular fill almost the floor cavity in C. niloticus. At SEM, the lingual mucosa showed fine striated grooves radially arranged in oblique extension with missing of lingual papillae. Numerous microridges are detected above the cell surfaces in P. sibilans. T. annularis exhibited arrangement of conical flattened filiform papillae and abundant of microridges. However in C. niloticus, the lingual mucosa possessed different kinds of filiform papillae besides gustatory papillae and widespread arrangement of taste buds. Histologically, confirmed SEM of illustrating the lingual mucosa protrusion of stratified squamous epithelium in P.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEW SPECIES of the GENUS Calamaria (SQUAMATA: OPHIDIA: COLUBRIDAE) from THUA THIEN-HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM Nikolai L. Orlov,1 Tr
    Russian Journal of Herpetology Vol. 17, No. 3, 2010, pp. 236 – 242 A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS Calamaria (SQUAMATA: OPHIDIA: COLUBRIDAE) FROM THUA THIEN-HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM Nikolai L. Orlov,1 Truong Quang Nguyen,2,3 Tao Thien Nguyen,4 Natalia B. Ananjeva,1 and Cuc Thu Ho2 Submitted March 19, 2010. A new species of Calamaria is described based on a single specimen collected in the tropical rain forest, Thua Thien – Hue Province, Vietnam. The new species is characterized by the following characters: total length 578 mm; tail length 42 mm, tail tip thick, obtusely rounded, and slightly flattened laterally; maxillary teeth eight, modified; loreals absent; preocular present; supralabials 5/5, second and third entering orbit; infralabials 5/5; paraparietal surrounded by five shields; midbody scales in 13 rows, reducing to 11 rows at the level of single anal plate; ventrals 3 + 209; subcaudals 19, divided; body uniform light brown above and without color pattern; belly cream. This is the ninth species of Calamaria recorded from Vietnam. Keywords: Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien – Hue Province, Vietnam, Calamaria concolor sp. nov., mor- phology, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION tribution of the Calamaria species in Vietnam was men- tioned by Ziegler and Le (2005). This paper also in- Calamaria is a diverse genus of colubrid snakes cludes the description of a new species, Calamaria than- with more than 60 species are currently recognized. To- hi, from Annamite Mountain and an identification key gether with other species-rich genera, viz. Oligodon, for the Vietnamese species. In Vietnam, eight taxa of Lycodon, Elaphe sensu lato, Sinonatrix, Xenochrophis, Calamaria are recognized: C.
    [Show full text]