Publicaciones Recientes Sobre Vacunas
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Puzzling Inefficiency of H5N1 Influenza
Puzzling inefficiency of H5N1 influenza vaccines in Egyptian poultry Jeong-Ki Kima,b, Ghazi Kayalia, David Walkera, Heather L. Forresta, Ali H. Ellebedya, Yolanda S. Griffina, Adam Rubruma, Mahmoud M. Bahgatc, M. A. Kutkatd, M. A. A. Alie, Jerry R. Aldridgea, Nicholas J. Negoveticha, Scott Kraussa, Richard J. Webbya,f, and Robert G. Webstera,f,1 aDivision of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; bKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; cDepartment of Infection Genetics, the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany; dVeterinary Research Division, and eCenter of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt; and fDepartment of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38106 Contributed by Robert G. Webster, May 10, 2010 (sent for review March 1, 2010) In Egypt, efforts to control highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus emulsion H5N1 vaccines imported from China and Europe) virus in poultry and in humans have failed despite increased have failed to provide the expected level of protection against the biosecurity, quarantine, and vaccination at poultry farms. The ongo- currently circulating clade 2.2.1 H5N1 viruses (21). Despite the ing circulation of HP H5N1 avian influenza in Egypt has caused >100 attempted implementation of these measures, the current strat- human infections and remains an unresolved threat to veterinary and egies have limitations (22). public health. Here, we describe that the failure of commercially avail- Antibodies to the circulating virus strain had been detected in able H5 poultry vaccines in Egypt may be caused in part by the passive day-old chicks in Egypt (see below). -
Immunology, Immunity, Inflammation & Immunotherapies
2231st Conference Immunology Summit & Immunity and Immunotherapies 2018 10th World Congress and Expo on Immunology, Immunity, Inflammation & Immunotherapies October 19-20, 2018 | New York, USA Poster Presentations Page 45 Daniel Horowitz et al., J Clin Cell Immunol 2018, Volume: 9 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899-C4-058 10th World Congress and Expo on Immunology, Immunity, Inflammation & Immunotherapies October 19-20, 2018 | New York, USA The development of a novel 3D printed prototype device to simplify blood cell subset enrichment at clinical sites Daniel Horowitz, George Szabo, Rudolf Cedro Jr. and Ling-Yang Hao Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, USA eripheral blood collection is a relatively non-invasive way to obtain biomarkers during clinical trials. Protein and gene Pexpression changes can be used to assess drug/target engagement and disease state changes. To avoid functional changes in blood cells during storage, cells need to be stored in appropriate buffers. For gene expression analysis, whole blood can be collected in buffers that lyse the cells and protect RNA from degradation, but this obscures changes that may be found only in specific cell types. The separation of specific subsets requires instrumentation and trained personnel not readily available at many clinical sites, and shipping to a processing lab may affect the results. Therefore, a way to enrich for and stabilize blood cell subsets at the site of collection is needed. We have developed a portable 3D printed prototype device that can be operated with minimal training. Blood is collected into a tube containing commercially available polystyrene spheres (PluriSelect) coupled to an antibody specific for a blood cell surface antigen. -
RNA Viruses As Tools in Gene Therapy and Vaccine Development
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review RNA Viruses as Tools in Gene Therapy and Vaccine Development Kenneth Lundstrom PanTherapeutics, Rte de Lavaux 49, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland; [email protected]; Tel.: +41-79-776-6351 Received: 31 January 2019; Accepted: 21 February 2019; Published: 1 March 2019 Abstract: RNA viruses have been subjected to substantial engineering efforts to support gene therapy applications and vaccine development. Typically, retroviruses, lentiviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses rhabdoviruses, measles viruses, Newcastle disease viruses, and picornaviruses have been employed as expression vectors for treatment of various diseases including different types of cancers, hemophilia, and infectious diseases. Moreover, vaccination with viral vectors has evaluated immunogenicity against infectious agents and protection against challenges with pathogenic organisms. Several preclinical studies in animal models have confirmed both immune responses and protection against lethal challenges. Similarly, administration of RNA viral vectors in animals implanted with tumor xenografts resulted in tumor regression and prolonged survival, and in some cases complete tumor clearance. Based on preclinical results, clinical trials have been conducted to establish the safety of RNA virus delivery. Moreover, stem cell-based lentiviral therapy provided life-long production of factor VIII potentially generating a cure for hemophilia A. Several clinical trials on cancer patients have generated anti-tumor activity, prolonged survival, and -
Arun Chauhan, Ph.D. Assistant Research Professor University Of
Arun Chauhan, Ph.D. Assistant Research Professor University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202 Phone: (701) 215-2044 Email: [email protected] (US Permanent Resident) SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS Wide-ranging experience in Immunology, Oncology, Molecular Biology and infectious disease with strong expertise in disease Model. Experience in immune cell isolation, innate cell purification, co-culture assays, cytokine (ELISA, CBA) and cell proliferation, Cytotoxic assay. Extensive experience in molecular biology techniques such as, RT-PCR, western blot, Nucleic acid Extraction, Quantitative PCR, DNA footprinting assay, and recombinant DNA technology). Strong expertise in cell based immunological assays (ELISPOT), Reporter assay, transplantation, multiparametric flow cytometry, FACS, Intracellular Cytokine staining. Experience in mammalian primary cell Culture, & primary human lymphocyte (T cells, B cells, DCs and macrophages) from blood, si/shRNA transfection, CRISPR/Cas9. Successfully initiated, managed and completed multiple projects simultaneously and published research in peer-reviewed journals. Competent to work independently and in team-based projects as evident from more than 20 publications. Ability to critically analyze and troubleshoot data, interpret results and effectively present findings in meetings. Excellent organizational, and written, oral and interpersonal communication skills. PROFILE Interdisciplinary immunology, Molecular, Epigenetics-scientist with an in-depth expertise in in vitro and in vivo cell-based assays (murine and human), involving macrophages, Neutrophils and T- cells. Development of murine models to investigate the role of macrophage plasticity and T-cell functionality in Sjogren’s Syndrome and Pneumonic Sepsis (2° Infection) in fate mapping mice. Proven expertise in genome molecular biology (RNA-Seq, ChIP Seq, ATAC seq & short capped RNA-seq). Proven ability to complete projects in time-bound manner. -
Study Toward the Development of Advanced
STUDY TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED INFLUENZA VACCINES DISSERTATION Presented in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Leyi Wang B.S.,M.S. Graduate Program in Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Professor Chang-Won Lee, advisor Professor Y.M. Saif, Professor Daral J. Jackwood Professor Jeffrey T. LeJeune Copyright by Leyi Wang 2009 ABSTRACT Avian influenza is one of the most economically important diseases in poultry. Since it was found in Italy in 1878, avian influenza virus has caused numerous outbreaks around the world, resulting in considerable economic losses in poultry industry. In addition to affecting poultry, different subtypes of avian influenza viruses can infect many other species, thus complicating prevention and control. Killed and fowlpox virus vectored HA vaccines have been used in the field as one of effective strategies in a comprehensive control program to prevent and control avian influenza. Live attenuated vaccines for poultry are still under development. Live attenuated vaccines can closely mimic natural infection inducing long-lasting humoral and cellular immunity. In addition, they may be used for mass vaccination. However, concerns with spread of live vaccine viruses, mutation into virulent strains from live attenuated viruses, and reassortment of vaccine and field strains prevent recommending live vaccines as poultry vaccines in the field. For this reason, there are increasing interests in the development of in ovo vaccines that can reduce the risk of spreading the vaccine virus. Therefore, in the first three parts of our study, we have explored several strategies (NS1 truncation, temperature sensitive (ts) mutations, HA substitution, and non-coding region (NCR) mutations) to attenuate viruses to reach this goal. -
Vaccines: Past, Present and Future
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Vaccines: past, present and future Stanley A Plotkin The vaccines developed over the first two hundred years since Jenner’s lifetime have accomplished striking reductions of infection and disease wherever applied. Pasteur’s early approaches to vaccine development, attenuation and inactivation, are even now the two poles of vaccine technology. Today, purification of microbial elements, genetic engineering and improved knowledge of immune protection allow direct creation of attenuated mutants, expression of vaccine proteins in live vectors, purification and even synthesis of microbial antigens, and induction of a variety of immune responses through manipulation of DNA, RNA, proteins and polysaccharides. Both noninfectious and infectious diseases are now within the realm of vaccinology. The profusion of new vaccines enables new populations to be targeted for vaccination, and requires the development of routes of administration additional to injection. With all this come new problems in the production, regulation and distribution of vaccines. http://www.nature.com/naturemedicine “The Circassians [a Middle Eastern people] perceived that of a thou- mild illness in humans, could prevent smallpox. This discovery not sand persons hardly one was attacked twice by full blown smallpox; only led to the eradication of smallpox in the twentieth century, but that in truth one sees three or four mild cases but never two that are also gave cachet to the idea of deliberate protection against exposure serious and dangerous; that in a word one never truly has that illness to infectious diseases. twice in life.” The history of vaccination as a deliberate endeavor began in the Voltaire, “On Variolation,” Philosophical Letters, 1734 laboratory of Louis Pasteur. -
The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series
The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series Module 23: Influenza Vaccines Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals The immunological basis for immunization series: module 23: influenza vaccines (Immunological basis for immunization series; module 23) ISBN 978-92-4-151305-0 © World Health Organization 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non- commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. The immunological basis for immunization series: module 23: influenza vaccines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (Immunological basis for immunization series; module 23). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. -
Reported on January 27, 2020
Introduction 3 Executive Summary 5 Chapter 1 Second Round of Survey : Data Analysis 10 Chapter 2 Comparative Analysis (2020 and 2021) 37 Chapter 3 A Discourse on Pandemic Viruses and Vaccines -PVS Kumar 60 Chapter 4 Persisting Socio-economic Crisis: COVID-19 Lays Bare the Social Fault Lines1 - Prof. Arun Kumar 96 Annexure 1 113 Annexure 2 120 Annexure 2a 129 Index 1 The Second Pulse of the Pandemic : A Sudden Surge in Scientic Temper during the Covid-19 Crisis © Anhad 2021 Acknowledgement : PM Bhargava Foundation We are thankful to the following for helping us collect the data : Bhavesh Bariya Bhavna Sharma Deshdeep Dhankar Dev Desai Farida Khan Farhat Khan Jagori Rural Manish Kumar Ray Manisha Trivedi Mukhtar Shaikh Nazneen Shaikh Published by : Printed by : Pullshoppe 9810213737 2 Introduction Scientific community rises to the occasion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), after mutation, found a new host, the human cell, and comfortably multiplied itself. Used human cells as copying machines and made millions of copies in nasal cavities, throats and lungs at times in human eyes, which could survive in aerosols and various surfaces for more than 72 hours. The human bodies proved to be secured habitable housing colonies, which not only offered environment for its multiplication within the body at an exponential rate but also helped it to travel all over the globe. Within human cells it also mutated, changed in shape and content, and became extra virulent, which made it extremely difficult to suppress or impede its propagation. Evidently, the virus showed no signs of leaving the newfound housing complexes in a hurry. -
Evaluation of in Ovo Vaccination of DNA Vaccines for Campylobacter Control in Broiler Chickens ⇑ Xiang Liu, Lindsay Jones Adams, Ximin Zeng, Jun Lin
Vaccine 37 (2019) 3785–3792 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Evaluation of in ovo vaccination of DNA vaccines for Campylobacter control in broiler chickens ⇑ Xiang Liu, Lindsay Jones Adams, Ximin Zeng, Jun Lin Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA article info abstract Article history: Campylobacter is the leading bacterial cause of human enteritis in developed countries. Chicken is a major Received 7 August 2018 natural host of Campylobacter. Thus, on-farm control of Campylobacter load in poultry would reduce the Received in revised form 13 May 2019 risk of human exposure to this pathogen. Vaccination is an attractive intervention measure to mitigate Accepted 20 May 2019 Campylobacter in poultry. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Campylobacter outer membrane Available online 3 June 2019 proteins CmeC (a component of multidrug efflux pump) and CfrA (ferric enterobactin receptor) are fea- sible and promising candidates for vaccine development. In this study, by targeting these two attractive Keywords: vaccine candidates, we explored and evaluated a new vaccination strategy, which combines the in ovo Campylobacter jejuni vaccination route and novel DNA vaccine formulation, for Campylobacter control in broilers. We observed DNA vaccine In ovo vaccination that direct cloning of cfrA or cmeC gene into the eukaryotic expression vector pCAGGS did not lead to suf- Poultry ficient level of production of the target proteins in the eukaryotic HEK-293 cell line. However, introduc- Kozak sequence tion of the Kozak consensus sequence (ACCATGG) in the cloned bacterial genes greatly enhanced production of inserted gene in eukaryotic cells, creating desired DNA vaccines. -
Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67q1k6k3 Authors Owais, Mohammad Zubair, Swaleha Agrawal, Anshu et al. Publication Date 2015 DOI 10.1155/2015/393454 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 393454, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/393454 Editorial Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Mohammad Owais,1 Swaleha Zubair,1 Anshu Agrawal,2 and Yung-Fu Chang3 1 AligarhMuslimUniversity,Aligarh,India 2University of California, Irvine, USA 3Cornell University, Ithaca, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Mohammad Owais; owais [email protected] Received 10 May 2015; Accepted 10 May 2015 Copyright © 2015 Mohammad Owais et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The study of molecular and cellular interplays between of the newly introduced method with various published immune system and cancerous cells is gaining tremen- protocols to underline its effectiveness thereof. In the arena dous momentum across the globe. Concomitantly, with the of NK cell based immunotherapies, the article “NKG2D and better insight into the intricacies of cancer immunology, DNAM-1 Ligands: Molecular Targets for NK Cell-Mediated immunotherapeutic approaches to deal with cancer have Immunotherapeutic Intervention in Multiple Myeloma” by garnered tremendous boost in the recent past; reckoning C. Fionda et al. has come up with satisfactory results to with these, it is timely to analyse their potentialities either further potentiate NK cell based immunotherapies. -
Role of IL-18 and Its Signaling in Atherosclerosis
Inflammation & Cell Signaling 2015; 2: e707.doi: 10.14800/ics.707; © 2015 by Owais Mohammad Bhat, et al. http://www.smartscitech.com/index.php/ics REVIEW Role of IL-18 and its signaling in atherosclerosis Owais Mohammad Bhat, Veena Dhawan Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh Correspondence: Veena Dhawan E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 11, 2015 Published online: April 22, 2015 Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke are the largest cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, where atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology. Recent investigations of atherosclerosis have focused on the role of inflammation, providing new insights into the mechanism of the disease. Macrophages and T-lymphocytes present in the atherosclerotic lesions produce a wide array of cytokines that can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin category are considered to be key players in the chronic vascular inflammation that is typical for atherosclerosis. Various studies support the concept that interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with pro-atherogenic properties. Previous data in Apo E-/- mice demonstrated that IL-18 accelerates atherosclerosis via interferon gamma (IFN- γ) and CXCL16 expression. IL-18 binds to its receptor IL-18R complex which is a heterodimer with α (IL-1Rrp) chain responsible for extracellular binding of IL-18 and a nonbinding, signal-transducing β (AcPL) chain. By binding to IL-18Rα, IL-18 upregulates IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) and TRAF-6 thus, results in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). -
Awardees of National Bioscience Award for Career Development
AWARDEES OF NATIONAL BIOSCIENCE AWARD FOR CAREER DEVELOPMENT Awardees for the year 2016 1. Dr. Mukesh Jain, Associate Professor, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067 2. Dr. Samir K. Maji, Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai- 400076 3. Dr. Anindita Ukil, Assistant Professor, Calcutta University, Kolkata 4. Dr. Arnab Mukhopadhyay, Staff Scientist V, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi- 110067 5. Dr. Rohit Srivastava, Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai- 400076 6. Dr. Pinaki Talukdar, Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune- 7. Dr. Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi, Senior Scientist, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001 8. Dr. Jackson James, Scientist E-II, Neuro Stem Cell Biology Lab, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- 695014 Awardees for the year 2015 1. Dr. Sanjeev Das, Staff Scientist-V, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 2. Dr. Ganesh Nagaraju, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore- 5600012. 3. Dr. Suvendra Nath Bhattacharya, Principal Scientist, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata- 700032 4. Dr. Thulasiram H V, Principal Scientist, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune- 411008. 5. Dr. Pawan Gupta, Principal Scientist, Institute of microbial Technology, Chandigarh- 160036. 6. Dr. Souvik Maiti, Principal Scientist, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi- 110025. 7. Dr. Pravindra Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, IIT, Roorkee- 247667. 8. Dr. Anurag Agrawal, Principal Scientist, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi- 110025 9. Dr. Gridhar Kumar Pandey, Professor, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi- 110067 10.