ter DEUTSCH-ÄTHIOPISCHER VEREIN E.V. t GERMAN ETHIOPIAN ASSOCIATION www.deutsch-aethiopischer-verein.de

Ausgabe Februar 2002

Informationsblä

almost every subject is taught in English from grade seven onward. and in However, Other factors suggest that the new policy is not the only problem but rather many years of underinvestment and neglect. By Netsanet Gebre-Mariam There is overall low enrolment in spite of the government objective of universal primary education. In Education has been highly institutions were not permitted). rural areas this is partly because politicised over the past three These government actions were the beginning of the school year Ethiopian regimes, with schools intended to upgrade the education in September is the time of promoting government ideology system and in some aspects it intensive farming and parents but also providing a home for achieved certain results. For prefer their children to help them political unrest. Current EPRDF example, various primary schools in the farm than going to school. education policy reflects the were constructed, curriculum has In both rural and urban areas ethnically based federal been upgraded, administrative families have financial problems government arrangement. The structures has been decentralised in different forms like uniforms EPRDF is a coalition of regional, in some aspects. But even though and educational fee which has ethnic political parties. Since the efforts have been put to been increasing from time to time. take over of government by the modernise the education system People also struggle to afford EPRDF changes were not limited there are some and major factors basic materials like pen and to shaping the existing map of the to be dealt with. exercise book. Children may be country, but also the entire socio- more productive staying at home economic and political structure of Since 1991 the government has working for their family or in urban the country, not least the introduced a policy of areas in other jobs. These educational structure. decentralisation so that problems are partly the cause of a educational planning – curriculum high dropout and repeating of The following area are the major reforms and management have years, and a high national focus of the new education policy. been regionalised. As noted by illiteracy - estimated less than the Ethiopian Economic 25% of the population are literate. A. Universal primary education, Association (EEA) (2000), This very high illiteracy reflects the expansion of the overall previous policy failures in the overall lack of schools educational system with education have also come partly themselves across the country. particular emphasis on from failure ‘to distinguish attainment basic education between regional, cultural and for all. linguistic diversities’. The EPRDF Inhaltsverzeichnis B. Emphasis on civic education, responded by introducing Education and Education to bring up citizens who teaching in different languages in Policy respect human right, equality, most parts of corresponding Education in Ethiopia justice, and peace, endowed regions: Amharic, Afaan Oromo, … with a democratic culture and Somali, Tigrinya and to a lesser discipline. extent Sidama, Afar and Wolaita. Partnerschule Sheki C. Focus on skill formation. The new education policy is Education in the D. Language of instruction, the designed to overcome this Constitution right of nation and nationality particular problem, in line with the Berichte zur Bildung to be educated in their EPRDF’s focus on regional self- Impressum language. determination, but in the short E. Orientation to development, term at least it is disadvantaging NGO’s making education as means people further in some regions. News to develop traditional Books and other teaching Literatur technology and a mechanism materials are mostly in Amharic, Nachrichten of introducing modern and even those are limited and MV 2002 technology to the country. outdated. There is a lack of

qualified teachers in a regional Road to nowhere? The government has also language, but also in particular a encouraged the involvement of low level of English language For people who manage to go to the private sector in education training is the problem because (previously private educational school the result is often disappointing. People are

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unemployed – because there is a independent association and , and has its present simple lack of opportunities in independent student news paper. name after the regime came industry and services; and But it was seen as the act of anti- to power, in 1974. Modern unemployable – because the government demonstration education started during the time quality of education is low, and in motivated by anti government of emperor Menelik II and the first some areas getting lower due to elements. The demonstration and school to be opened during that lack of qualified teachers and the police act resulted in death of time was Menelik II High School, appropriate resources for students, injuries and established in 1910. The present regional-. imprisonment. University is the leading higher institution and The previous government was Political disturbance is both a center of big scientific studies in obliged to give graduates symptom and a cause of the country. It has been the positions: mostly in different educational disruption and bad source of many intellectual for the government offices. The new management. The government last 50 years, in different fields of economic policy of private and has to change educational studies, which now are positioned external investment has not infrastructure but also ideology. in different higher posts with in provided enough alternatives for Education should be restricted to and outside the country. graduates in recent years. As a educational process not as result the lack of employment ideological influence. For example - Faculties: Business and opportunity discourages people encouraging ethnic self- Economics, Medicine, Science, from studying: No need to waste determination and rights to Technology, Veterinary Medicine time. Clearly there cannot be education in different languages - Institute of Language Studies successful educational reform should not be placed before - School of Information without successful economic practical problems and ideology Studies for Africa change. Perhaps the government cannot be more important than - School of Pharmacy should look more carefully at the quality of education. Educational potential for informal education – policy interacts with other For Adults perhaps with a more vocational government policies like land: (Education in the evening and in focus from an earlier age. Such there is competition between summer): Aside from the regular projects for vocational training education and other business daytime academic programs have been so far the responsibility establishments for land lease. given above, Addis Ababa and initiative of NGOs rather than School fees must be minimised or University runs training in the government. But there is the subsidised, until other socio- evening as well as in summer. same problem with these projects economic policies and change The University awards diplomas if there is still a lack of allow people to afford it. Private and first degrees in many fields of employment opportunities at the investment can relieve pressure study except in Human- and end of training. on public education service which Veterinary Medicine and few is inadequate by itself, but the others. Military and public sector must not be undermined by this. This may Another factor stopping people mean public teachers and The Distance Education Programme -Collaborative from getting educated is more lecturers need salary increases to overtly political: the presence of prevent the draw of teachers into Capacity Building Programs- EPRDF soldiers in regional the private sector and abroad. leading to Masters of Education in schools, and also the presence of Curriculum and Instruction; Masters of Education in government supporters as a divisive factor (may be ready to References Educational Management and report people for criticising the Planning government). The EEA claims Ethiopian Economic Association that ‘interventions by local (2000) Annual Report on the Research Institutes, Observatory governments and political cadres Ethiopian Economy, vol. 1. and Publications in the administration and 1999/2000. Addis Ababa: The Institute of Development management of education are Ethiopian Economic Association. Research (founded in 1972); rampant’. The extreme result is Inst. of that there have been many violent (founded in 1984); Inst. of clashes in educational institutions Ethiopian Studies (founded in in recent years (though only those Education in Ethiopia: 1963); Inst. of Patho-biology in Addis Ababa are widely (founded in 1967); Geophysical reported). But the more general The Addis Ababa Observatory (founded in 1957). consequence is the disruption of University Research activities are co- education and intimidation of coordinated by the research and students and staff who may be publications office. The Addis By Desale Mitiku (student) afraid or forbidden to go to school. Ababa university press is

responsible for the publication of Emperor Haile Selassie founded A recent phenomenon showing books, monographs and the like. the usual interference of in 1950 to promote the higher educational government soldiers was the Academic Calendar institutions in the country, which initially peaceful demonstration of The Regular Programs: First was limited to high school only, Addis Ababa University students semester Mid-September to Mid- before that. It was formerly in 2001. The demonstration was February; Second Semester Mid- known as Haile Selassie I only the act of demanding an February to Mid-July. Between

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Figures About Staff And Students - Full time academic staff in the 2000/2001 academic year

Ethiopians Expatriates Total Professors 21 17 38 Associate

Professors 118 13 131 Assistant Professors 201 11 212 Lecturers 310 3 313 Assistant Lecturers 78 - 78 Graduate Assistants 35 - 35 Total 763 44 807

Ethiopian students Enrolment in the First Semester Academic Year 2000/2001

Female Male Total Undergraduate (Regular) 1714 8272 9986

Postgraduate 58 764 822 Extension (Evening) 2263 6111 8374 Extension (Kiremt/Summer 120 1609 1729 Total 4155 16756 20911

the first and second semester there is a two week break, and Higher Education aus ties were added increasing the between the second and the first total number of to six. a break of about 8-9 weeks. dem Internet The universities are: Addis Ababa University, Alemaya University, P.S The number of students now The International Comparative Bahir Dar University, Mekele in the campus are quite few Higher Education Finance and University, and because the university is closed Accessibility Project Debub University. Among these, for us until the coming March as is a 3 year, Ford Foundation- Addis Ababa University is the a punishment from the financed project to study the leviation as it accounts for about government. Now there are only worldwide shift in the burden of 42 percent of the regular and 39 fresh man students. higher education costs from percent of the continuing governments and taxpayers to education enrollment (MOE, parents and students. The project 1998). Libraries: There are libraries in all is directed by D. Bruce Included among post secondary 8 campuses of the University. The Johnstone, University Professor establishments are also fourteen Central Library is called the of Higher and Comparative teacher-training institutions with Kennedy Memorial Library, and it Education at the State University an average enrollment of 55 is located in the Main Campus. of New York at Buffalo, and is students each. These institutions The total holding of the libraries operated through the Graduate are responsible for training are 304,228 volumes out of which School of Education’s Center for prospective teachers for first cycle 29,161 volumes are publications Comparative and Global Studies primary education (grades 1 from 1988 to 1998. in Education. through 4) for the duration of one year. The higher education A Brief Description of the system also includes post Higher Education System in On-going University Research secondary professional training Ethiopia (Excerpts) Agreements & Collaborations institutes, such as the nursing With Foreign Universities The first higher education school, bank and insurance University of Osnabrück, institution in Ethiopia, the institute and the Ethiopian Airlines Regensburg, Leipzig, Mainz University College of Addis Pilots and technicians training (Germany), University College Ababa, was established in 1950. centers. The total enrolment of all Dublin (Ireland), Oslo University In spite of the country's need to of these is below 1,000 (Habtamu, (Norway), University of Bern expand the higher education 2000). (Switzerland), University of sector, little progress was made in Since 1998, five private colleges Edinburgh, Sussex University, St. the subsequent 50 years. Until have been created offering Cross College, London School of 1995, for example, there were programs for a two-year diploma Economics (UK), University of only two public universities and (Zewdu, 2000). In the 1999/2000 Michigan State, Antioch, Brown, sixteen affiliated and independent academic year, 8,376 students Washington, Maryland (USA). junior colleges in the country. were enrolled in private colleges, Recently, following the accounting for 12.4 percent of government's decentralization total enrollment in higher effort to expand the higher education (MOE, 2000). Some of education system in regional the private colleges have started states, four more universi- programs for a bachelor's degree,

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with the hope that they will secure regular programs. An evening While its allocation from the accreditation eventually. degree generally takes education budget is relatively The total number of students in approximately 6 years to small, the unit cost of higher regular degree programs complete, while the evening education is higher than the costs increased from 9,367 in 1994/95 diploma can be completed in 3 to for primary and secondary to 19,957 in 1998/99 and in 4 years. The summer (or Kiremt) education. According to the regular diploma programs from arrangement is basically designed 1999/2000 report of the Planning 5,881 to 6,524 in the same period. to upgrade the qualifications of and Programming Department of Despite these increases, it has primary and secondary school the Ministry of Education, for been estimated that the gross teachers. A five-summer session example, the unit cost for higher enrollment ratio in higher is needed to complete a education is 5,250 Birr education in the years 1995/96 - bachelor's degree, while a (US$3,500) compared to Birr 123 1999/2000 falls between 1.0 and diploma program takes only three (US$82) and Birr 255 (US$170) 0.5 percent with significant gender summers. for primary and secondary disparities (MOE, 2000). While being less demanding than education respectively. The high While a new policy calls for the regular degree program, the unit cost aside, the recurrent admission to higher education on evening program is still budget for higher education is the basis of entrance competitive and involves a GPA continuing to increase over time examinations held by individual cut off point for screening and constitutes a heavy financial higher education institutions, applicants. The screening burden on the government. The students continue to be selected procedure further serves to assign recurrent budgets for the years and assigned a university on the students to particular fields of 1996/7, 1997/8 and 1998/9 were basis of the Ethiopian school study once their admission has US$65million, US$97million and leaving certificate examination been approved. Business US$133 million respectively. (ESCLCE), which is offered at the (accounting, engineering, While less significant, some completion of grade twelve. In economics and management), assistance to higher education principle, applicants are expected law and information studies are also comes from various UN to have over 2.0 GPA in ESCLE highly preferred fields and agencies and bilateral donors. in 5 subjects (including English entrance in them, therefore, Some of these agencies that and Math) to quality for admission requires a highly competitive finance the system through into higher education. In practice, GPA. Most evening programs do grants, experts, scholarships and however, the GPA cut off point is not provide courses in the natural consultancy include the UNDP, determined by the space available sciences, pharmacology and UNESCO, UNFPA, the World and the number of applicants medicine. Bank, SAREC, USAID, SIDA and each academic year. As a result, the British Council (Habtamu, access is reserved to the Financing Higher Education 2000). exceptionally few high achievers In the years following the For "Estimated Expenses of who represent less than one-fifth introduction of university Higher Education" see: of eligible candidates. In addition, education in Ethiopia, students http://www.gse.buffalo.edu/org/Int the odds are that students from participating in regular programs HigherEdFinance/region_africaEt well-organized public or private were provided with free room and hiopia.html secondary schools in metropolitan board and were given pocket areas have the highest chance of money. In spite of the profound some References: success, further reducing the changes in the socio-economic Habtamu, Wondimu (2000). opportunity for tertiary education fabric of society, the tradition of Higher Education in Ethiopia: among the rural and low-income free higher education has been Retrospects, Prospects and groups. maintained with students' living Challenges: A Chapter Presented Given the small number of and instructional costs coming out for the Handbook of Higher openings in the regular program of the public purse; only the , copy prior to relative to the demand, continuing pocket money has disappeared. publication. education remains among the few Students enrolled in summer Johnstone, Bruce (2001). The options left for most students who programs have their tuition and Financing and Politics of Cost completed their secondary living expenses (with the Sharing in Higher Education, education. Higher education exception of some miscellaneous Center for Comparative and institutions in Ethiopia run evening costs including laundry and Global Studies in Education, and summer programs to address occasional transportation) University at Buffalo. those students not admissible covered by their employer, the Ministry of Education (2000). through the regular program. As Ministry of Education. Students Educational Statistics Annual per the 1998/99 Educational enrolled in evening programs, on Abstract, Addis Ababa, Brihanina Abstract of the Ministry of the other hand, have to pay Selam Printing Enterprise. ... Education, there were 22,585 substantial tuition and cover their students pursuing their studies own living costs. AA/PM 10/10/01 (both degree and diploma) On average, it is reported that Univ.-Prof. D. Bruce Johnstone through this arrangement, about 12 percent of the education Higher Education Finance and accounting for 35 percent of budget goes to higher education, Accessibility Project overall enrollment in the country. compared to 65 percent to - Center for Comparative and The major clientele of evening primary, 17 percent to secondary Global Studies in Education - programs are either civil servants and 4 percent to other aspects of 486 Baldy Hall who intend to upgrade their education (MOE, 1998). Of this, State University of New York at qualifications or those who have more than 40 percent is used to Buffalo, NY 14260-1000 been denied admission to the cover faculty and staff salaries. e-mail: [email protected]

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Partnerschule Sheki / Ein Rundgang durch die bestimmt auch nicht zu den Klassenräume und die zuverlässigsten Varianten. Ein Dedo Schulbibliothek beendete unseren zweites Problem sind für sie die Äthiopien-AG Gottfried-August- Besuch in Dedo. Schulmöbel. Die Klassen sind nur Bürger Gymnasium sehr notdürftig und unzureichend A.-Diesterweg-Str. 2, 06308 Dedo ist eine Schule, die in den mit Bänken und Tischen Benndorf letzten Jahren ausgerichtet ausgestattet. Sie werden aber das Internet: http://www.gym- worden ist, ein Bindeglied von uns mitgebrachte Geld buerger.bildung- zwischen der Schulbildung auf nutzen, um einen oder vielleicht lsa.de/welcome.htm dem Land und dem Gymnasium auch zwei Klassenzimmer mit E-mail: [email protected] in Jimma herzustellen. Die Wege Bänken zu vervollständigen. Der nach Jimma sind für die Schüler ortsansässige Tischler soll die Am 25. 12.2001 besuchten wir viel zu weit, deshalb werden jetzt Arbeiten übernehmen. (nun schon zum zweiten Mal) 9. und 10. Klassen in Dedo Unterrichtsmittel sind ebenfalls unsere Partnerschule in Sheki unterrichtet. Zur Zeit sind es nur sehr spärlich vorhanden. Das Schulbezirk Dedo. Wir wurden jeweils 5 Klassen pro meiste gibt es noch für Biologie, sehr herzlich von den Lehrern Klassenstufe. In jeder Klasse sind während für Chemie und Physik empfangen. In unserem Gepäck etwa 55 Schüler. Insgesamt hat nichts vorhanden ist. hatten wir Wandzeitungen, die die die Schule 590 Schüler. Diese Wünschenswert wären wohl auch Schüler aller Klassenstufen in werden von 20 Lehrern einige Landkarten als unserem Gymnasium im Rahmen unterrichtet. Es gibt nur 2 Anschauungsmaterial für den des Englischunterrichtes Lehrerinnen an dieser Schule. Geografieunterricht. Die angefertigt hatten, bzw. die die Der Anteil der Mädchen beträgt Schulbibliothek wird sehr gut Mitglieder der Arbeitsgruppe etwa 35% und ist in den letzten 2 genutzt. Wir hatten im Jahr 2000 Äthiopien für unsere Freunde in Jahren etwas angestiegen. Alle bereits einmal 4000 DM in Form ihrer Freizeit vorbereitet hatten. Lehrer in Dedo haben einen von Büchern für den Lesesaal Auf diesen Wandzeitungen Abschluß am TTC oder an der gesponsert; vorwiegend wurden Sportler und Universität gemacht. Es wird Nachschlagewerke in Oromiffa, Musikgruppen Deutschlands oder vormittags und nachmittags Amharisch und Englisch. auch anderer Staaten vorgestellt. unterrichtet. Vielleicht können wir da noch Wir haben über sportliche und Als Fächer wurden uns genannt: einmal etwas machen. musikalische Aktivitäten unserer Oromiffa, Amharisch, Mathematik, Aus den Briefen unserer Freunde Schule und unserer Sportvereine Englisch, Physik, Biologie, wissen wir, dass bereits einige (z.B. Faustball in Benndorf) Geografie, Geschichte, Mädchen die nachfolgende berichtet, aber auch über uns und Sozialkunde, Chemie und Sport. Schule, das Gymnasium in Jimma unsere Arbeit am Gymnasium. Oromiffa und Amharisch werden sehr gut abgeschlossen haben Diese Wandzeitungen werden jeweils mit 3 Wochenstunden und 2 im Addis Abeba nun die Klassenräume unserer unterrichtet. Die Schüler sprechen Mathematik bzw. Chemie Partnerschule in Dedo zu Hause zu einem großen Teil studieren. Für die meisten schmücken. Wir hatten aber auch Oromiffa. Schüler bestehen aber noch 1750 DM im Gepäck, die von Zu ihren größten Problemen wenig Aussichten, einen Schülern, Lehrern und der gehört die Versorgung mit Ausbildungsplatz oder einen Bevölkerung unserer Heimatorte elektrischer Energie. Sie sollen Studienplatz zu bekommen. gespendet worden sind. zwar mal an eine Martina Völtz Alle Schülerinnen und Schüler Überlandverbindung haben sich dann auf dem angeschlossen werden, aber der Education in the Constitution Schulhof versammelt. Herr Völtz Zeitpunkt liegt nicht fest. Das in of the Federal Republic of erzählte über die Spendenaktion der Nähe von Jimma sich im Bau in unserer Schule, richtete die befindliche Kraftwerk Ethiopia Grüße aus und ließ dann die (Wasserkraftwerk) soll 2004/2005 Schüler ausrechnen, dass diese fertiggestellt werden. An der Article 51 1750 DM fast 7000 Birr waren. Schule kann deshalb nur bis zum Powers and Functions of the Einigen Schülern stockte dabei Einbruch der Dunkelheit Federal Government der Atem. Die meisten der Eltern gearbeitet werden. Ihre 3.It shall establish and implement haben keine Arbeit und die, die Vorstellungen gehen aber dahin, national standards and basic welche haben, verdienen dass sie auch Abendkurse policy criteria for public health, vielleicht 200 Birr im Monat. Da anbieten würden, bzw. könnten, education, science and war die aus Deutschland, aus wenn ein Generator ihnen eine technology as well as for the Benndorf, mitgebrachte Summe Stromversorgung in den protection and preservation of natürlich ein Vermögen. Abendstunden möglich machen cultural and historical legacies. Ein Schüler bedankte sich im würde. Deshalb steht der Wunsch Namen der anderen nach einem Generator auch an Article 52 Schülerinnen, Schüler und Lehrer oberster Stelle ihrer Problemliste, Powers and Functions of States recht herzlich und ließ alle "seine bzw. Mängelliste. Auf Anfrage 1.All powers not given expressly Freunde" in Benndorf recht erklärten sie mir, dass ein to the Federal Government alone, herzlich grüßen. Zum Abschluss Generator etwa 40 000 Birr or concurrently to the Federal sangen sie uns noch ein kleines kostet. Ich würde vielleicht aber Government and the States are Lied, indem der Vorsänger sich über eine Solaranlage zur reserved to the States. bei uns allen bedankte und die Betreibung eines Generators 2.Consistent with sub-Article 1 of Gruppe dann immer in dieses nachdenken, denn der Transport this Article, States shall have the Dankeschön einstimmte. von Diesel nach Dedo gehört following powers and functions:

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f. To enact and enforce laws on State Government has allocated Coordinator with the Church, Ato the State civil service and their only 312,000 birr of the 1 million Mezgebu Korsa told reporters condition of work; in the birr budget the center had during on site visit to the projects implementation of this requested. He said the increase in yesterday that the projects responsibility it shall ensure that the number of students which has focused on ensuring primary educational training and reached 625 this academic year, health care, basic education experience requirements for any a three fold growth compared with provision and sinking of potable job, title or position approximate last year's, has also exerted water wells. He said the projects national standards; pressure on the educational were undertaken through Fund activities of the center. He said he secured from the Catholic Relief Article 90 has informed the Social Sector Service (CRS) Ethiopia Social Objectives Office of the State Administration programme, the International 1. To the extent the country’s about the problem, but no Catholic Sisters Association and resources permit, policies shall reaction has come from the the local people. The Church was aim to provide all administration so far. The Center offering basic education to access to public health and is among the hundreds children and adults in two schools education, clean water, housing, established in the country as part it constructed in cooperation with food and social security. of the implementation of the New the local people, he said. During 2. Education shall be provided in Educational Policy, which the field trip the children told a manner that is free from any emphasizes vocational and skills reporters that they were lucky that religious influence, political training. they were attending school at partisanship or cultural prejudices. their doorsteps while doing other Primary School Wins UNESCO businesses, until they were able to attend schools in areas further Award away. The students would join Berichte zur Bildung Addis Ababa, December 23, 2001 grade four after three years of (ENA)- The Bethlehem Primary school in their area. The Church in Äthiopien School is Addis Ababa has won had also sunk three water wells in an international Peace Pillar three kebeles of the Woreda. It Elementary School Enrollment Award of the Associated Schools also installed grain mill and up by 3.6 Per cent in Amhara Project Network of the UN constructed model houses to Educational Scientific and Cultural demonstrate clean residential State Organization (UNESCO). The houses to promote maternal Bahir Dar, December 28, 2001 Bethlehem School won the health to the people in the (WIC)- The Amhara Regional UNESCO award after competing localities. State Education Bureau disclosed with schools worldwide, the that elementary school enrollment Ethiopian Embassy in Paris, said. in the State has risen by 3.6 per The Embassy said Friday that the cent this year. Regular Education school presented a successful Team Leader with the Bureau, human rights project under the Ato Ayele Birke said yesterday umbrella of the International Year the rise in elementary school for the Culture of Peace 2000. It enrollment from 51 per cent to said the schools project involved 54.6 percent this year was the students, teachers and the result of 23 new elementary community under the umbrella of schools that started operation by peace. It also strengthened the admitting over one million school principle of "learning to know, to children. do, to be and to live together" ImpImpressum: Ato Ayele attributed the rise in which are the major guidance of Herausgeber: Deutsch-Äthiopischer Verein e.V. student enrollment also to the the International Commission on c/o Rudolf Schoppmann, Am Bildstock 31 increasing level of awareness Education for the Twenty-first 48348317 Drensteinfurt Redaktion: Helga Tewes, Lutz Crackau about the benefit of education on Century. UNESCO Associated the part of rural parents who in Schools Project Network was Redaktionsanschrift: H. Tewes, Werraweg 17, 34117 Kassel the past were adamant about started in Ethiopia in February E -mail: [email protected] sending their children to school 1996 and has now embraced 72 Homepage: and keeping them busy with farm educational institutions, it was www.deutsch -aethiopischer-verein.de work instead. learnt. Die „Blätter“ des Deutsch-Äthiopischen Ve reins erscheinen ca. 3 bis 4 mal im Jahr. Die Unkostenbeteiligung pro Ausgabe beträgt

Vocational Training Center Church Undertaking Close to 10,- DM incl. Porto., das Abonnement 30,- Faces Financial Problems Two Million Birr Development DM. Mitglieder bekommen die „Blätter“

Debre Markos, December 23, kostenlos. Namentlich gekennzeichnete Projects 2001 (WIC)- Educational activities Artikel geben nicht unbedingt die Meinung des Addis Ababa, December 21, 2001 Ve reins wieder. at the Debremarkos Vocational (WIC)- The Alem-tena Catholic Spendenkonto: Postgiroamt Hamburg Training Center are being Church in Dugadabora Woreda BLZ 200 100 20, Kto. 771680-201 hampered due to shortage of of of funding, the center's State is undertaking various Administration disclosed. Director integrated development projects of the Center, Ato Semahegne with an outlay of close to 2 million Mengistu, told Walta that the birr this Ethiopian year. Project

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80,000 academic books to various willingness to provide computer high schools across the country. sets, stationery and workshop ADA To Convene General General Manager of the equipment to the returnees, it Assembly Next Saturday Organization, Ato Tesfaye Dubale said. The radio quoted the Addis Ababa, December 19, 2001 told WIC that the books were coordinators as saying that the (WIC)- The Amhara Development worth over four million birr. He donation is part of the new Association (ADA) will convene its said his organization had worked German development policy 3rd general assemble on out the means of distribution of designed to mitigate the brain December 22 in Bahar Dar. the books to high schools across drain in the developing countries. Geshaw Abebe, ADA’s Promotion five states together with the President of Ethiopian Former Department Head said the ministry of education. The books Students Association in Germany, assembly will particularly review were focused on Language, Law, Hailu Zewge, urged Ethiopian the performance of the Medicine, building technology as scholars to make use of the rare Association during the last four well various social science opportunity and return home to years, and ADA’s five year streams, he said. contribute their share in the strategic plan. ADA is one of the nation-building process. local NGOs extensively involved According to recent reports, 60 in development activities in per cent of Africans studying Amhara, the Head said adding Somali Community Literacy abroad have failed to return to that it has among others provided Centre their respective countries. training to 3500 youth in various This multi-purpose centre was skills over the last four years. established in January 1997 to Established in 1992, the ADA is a provide basic education to Somali voluntary organization currently refugees living in Addis Ababa. It executing various development stresses women literacy Students in Oromia begin projects in Amhara, focusing on programmes and holds English classes in , health rural road language courses, computer construction and skills training. training, sports activities, institution education counseling, and also Addis Ababa, November 29, 2001 runs an elementary school and (WIC)- The Oromia State Debub University Introduces book lending service for the Agriculture Bureau disclosed that community. Located in the Bole 95 per cent of the 3868 students Seven New Field of Studies area, it also assists other such assigned to agricultural training Awassa, December 16, 2001 schools in Addis Ababa. institutions for tenth grade leavers (WIC)- The Debub University in Contact: P.O. Box 419 Code 1110 have begun classes. According to Awassa disclosed that it had Tel: 63.16.10 Email: Befekadu Jiregna, Acting Head of admitted some 730 students in [email protected] the Training, Management and seven new field of studies it http://www.whatsupaddis.com/ Public Relations Office with the launched at degree and diploma What's Up: A monthly newsletter Bureau, girls who scored 1.6 in levels during the current from Addis Ababa (December the 10th grade national academic year. Academic and 2001) examination and boys with above Research Vice president of the 1.8 have started classes in University, Dr. Tesfaye Teshome agricultural training institutions in told WIC that the new fields of Holeta, Bako, Nedjo, Assela, studies include Accounting, Germany encourages Ethiopian Chiro, Kombolcha and Becho. Economics, Management, scholars to return home Befekadu said the students would Language, Chemistry, Physics, Addis Ababa, November 29, 2001 receive diploma level training in Biology and Mathematics. He said (ENA)- The government of cattle breeding, crop production, some 500 of the students were Germany has announced plans to natural resources conservation admitted in the fields of Sciences provide financial and material and agricultural mechanization, while the remaining were support to Ethiopian university among others. The training was accepted for social science graduates in Germany provided prepared in such a way as to help studies. He said the internal that they have the desire to return students acquire knowledge in facilities of students' dormitories home and serve their country. modern agricultural technologies and classrooms of 142 rooms According to Radio Deutsche for application by the peasant buildings in Awassa campus Welle monitored here, the society, he said. He also said that would soon be finalized to admit coordinators told the two-day the duration of the trainings in the students who were currently Ethiopian scholars meeting in agricultural institutions is three attending classes at Addis Ababa Frankfurt that Germany was ready years. University during second to provide the returnees funds semester. and other materials that could enable them to run their activities. Conference suggests establish- The radio said Germany has also ment of unit reviewing Code, Ethiopia to distribute agreed to cover their transportation fees. It said the education policy 80,000 books to high schools government has also reaffirmed Adama, November 13, 2001 Addis Ababa, December 02, 2001 its commitment to provide (ENA)- Educators have called for (WIC) - Code-Ethiopia, a non- supplementary subsidy ranging reviewing the existing education governmental organization from 750-3,000 DM per month and training policy at different disclosed that it has finalized that would last for two years. levels of the management preparations to distribute some Germany has shown its structure while the Addis Ababa

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University (AAU) pledged to exert primary education enrolment. In that they are not entitled to the efforts to bring about his closing remarks, AAU government scholarship that improvement in the quality of Ac ademic Vice President Dr. enables them to pursue their education in the country. The Tetemke Mehari said the AAU studies, for the simple reason that educators who met here from was committed to the they were not natives of certain November 9-12 in a national improvement of quality of ethnic groups in the Regional conference on the quality of education and for encouraging State, who are entitled to special primary education in Ethiopia research in Ethiopia. The issue of entry privileges. Those students indicated the need to establish an the large increase in primary have earned their place. Like their independent policy analysis unit gross enrollment ratio in the past Gumuz and Benishangul for the reviewing. The scholars few years is highly encouraging to brethren, they had surmounted have also indicated the need to reach the envisaged universal the difficulties of being students in resolve multiple accountability of primary education by 2015, he decrepit and poorly staffed teachers and management staff to said. Such problems need to be schools that have no or very few avoid inefficiency at the carefully studied, debated on, books and other educational implementation level. Some 180 planed and solution sought for materials. The action of the participants drawn from the them, he recommended. Ministry effectively makes useless Ministry of Education bureaux, Themes, such as policy, research the years of hard work they have international organizations, and management curriculum invested in their studies. This is pertinent governmental and non- assessment, teaching and farcical, and a violation of the governmental organizations as learning process were discussed rights of the students as citizens well as stakeholders attended the at length. of this country. While one highly conference. Referring to a study, appreciates the "affirmative the participants said teachers action", which gives students from were found to have negative Bureau to train close to 3000 the less privileged, fringe attitude towards self contained 10th grade leavers, communities a better opportunity classes and suggested that it agricultural workers to pursue their studies in higher should be approached differently Bahir Dar, November 10, 2001 learning institutions, the remark in accordance with school recently made by an official of the (WIC) - The Amhara State patterns. Education at the primary Agriculture Bureau disclosed that Ministry, is extreme, and borders level failed to generate interest in it would give training in agriculture on outright racism. the choice of to 2058 tenth grade leavers and and this may have an impact on close to 900 agricultural experts. Training Institute readied in vocational training later on in the Training Coordinator with the education system, according to a Somali State Bureau, Zemen Tassew, said Godie, October 25, 2001 (WIC) - report of the conference. The yesterday that the students report said the participants The Somali State Agriculture selected for the training were Bureau announced that the suggested the promotion of those who scored 2.0 and above necessary pre-school education Agricultural and Technical in the 10th grade national Training Institute built at a cost of aimed at solving poor early examinations. He said the experience, large class size and 14 million birr in Godie Town of agricultural workers who would the State will become operational poor socio-economic status of undergo the training, had students with learning difficulties this year. Head of the Livestock, previously been offered similar Natural Resources Development in primary schools. They said training for a duration of nine expansion of preprimary and Crop Protection Department months. According to Zemene, with the Bureau, Mehadi Mussie education for children has to be the agricultural training given due attention in Kedir, told WIC yesterday that the institutions, which would enroll the institute was ready to receive last consideration to closer pre- trainees, have completed school/primary education year's 10th grade leavers as well preparations to start the training as some 100 development relationship, especially for programme soon. The training language acquisition. Discussing workers. Three teachers were would be given at the agricultural assigned to the institute by the the issues of training institutions in the State and gender, they said, the low Ministry of Agriculture, Mehadi and outside the State. economic status of primary school said adding that curricula were also prepared for ten subjects to teachers in many areas force them to be engaged in be offered in the institute. moonlighting, brain leakage and Where Is Ethiopia’s Education According to him, the curricula brain recycling to seek other Heading? were prepared with due income earning jobs affecting the AddisTribune 09.11.2001 consideration of the relevant quality of their teaching. Lack of Ethiopia’s highly controversial realities in the State. assertiveness, unwanted education policy is once again pregnancy, low teacher proving to be debatable, as the expectation and domestic labour Ministry of Education refuses 72 Percent of Ethiopia's were causing gender disparity in about a dozen students from the Children Said Have No Access enrolment, repetition and dropout, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional they said. They indicated the State entry into higher learning to Formal Education need for gender sensitive training, institutions in the country, even ADDIS ABABA, September 5, advocacy, lobbing, awareness though they have obtained the 2001 (ENA) - Seventy-two building and introduction of legal minimum grades that grant them percent of millions of school age protection, among others, to solve entry. The students were bluntly children in Ethiopia do not have the problem of gender disparity in told by an official of the Ministry access to formal education, a

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study paper indicated. According anniversary during which it Addis Ababa, July 15, 2001 to the paper presented at a two- assessed its weaknesses and (WIC)-Researchers in various day workshop on basic education strengths. He also said that the faculties of the Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, here yesterday, the class boycotts last April by University (AAU) are involved in disparity between states and students and pursued until more than 150 research projects, gender remained high even recently, was a phenomenon that the University's Research and though the government has saddened families of the Publication office disclosed. expenditure on education has students, the University Professor Endeshaw Bekele, reached over 15 percent of the administration and instructors as Head of the Office, said the nation's annual budget. The paper well as the government. He research projects are being indicated that drop out at the first expressed hope that in the event financed by a 50 million birr cycle of the primary education of such problems in the future, the funding, secured from AAU's own was also as high as 26 percent. community would support the sources, donors and revenue Although schools intake, University in efforts at solving the from publications. He told WIC enrollment rate, availability of problem. that instructors in various faculties textbooks and other indictors of are required to dedicate about a the level of basic education in the Bureau Says Successful in quarter of their time to research country have shown remarkable activities, as part of the rise over the past five years, the Provision of Informal University's Commitment to rigorous efforts should be Education research and development. deployed to meet the national Addis Ababa, July 17, 2001 Similarly about 75 percent the demands of educational (WIC)- The Education Bureau of work of those in research centers programme, the author of the Oromia State said significant affiliated to the University must paper said. Opening the achievements were registered in constitute research , Professor conference, field office director efforts exerted towards enabling Endeshaw said. He further said with Save the Children-USA (SC- the State's children and adults Research activities at the USA), Jay Zimmerman said basic benefit from informal education. University, which numbered less education as the right of every Informal Education Department than 20 prior to the lunching of person "should be strengthened Head with the Bureau, Kibre 2nd and 3rd degree programmes, at national level encompassing all Jemera, told WIC today that a have grown tremendously, and relevant ministries and national total of 1,195,000 children and have now researched 150. and civil society organizations." adults have undergone the According to the Head, the Director General of Adult and informal education offered over University conducts its research Informal Education Association of the past four years. Some 258 activities against several Ethiopia (AIEAE), Mammo basic education stations were challenges, which included Kebede said on his part that the offering the education to the financial and material constraints. workshop was organized with a children and adults following the Research activities are also being view to give basic education more setting up of a department and impeded by the absence of a focus and better attention. the preparation of a curriculum for research fund at the AAU, Prof. The workshop was organized by the provision of informal Endeshaw said adding that AIEAE in cooperation with Basic education in the state, Kibre said. whatever funding is obtained education Network and SC-USA. He also said that text books of through the researchers Oromiffa, English, Mathematics themselves could not be utilized AAU graduates 3,433 students and Geography were prepared properly because of red-tape Addis Ababa, August 25, 2001 and distributed to teachers and inherent in the University's (WIC) - The Addis Ababa students. According to him, the procedures. University graduated today a total preparation's and distribution of of 3,433 students who had the text books were undertaken in Universities Get Support attended regular, continuing collaboration with non- 15.12.2000 Addis Tribune education and post-graduate governmental organizations and Norway Assists Capacity Building programmes. The students had civic institutions. Kibre noted that Norway made a financial completed their studies in some 52 libraries were also assistance of approximately ETB business and economics, opened for the children and adults 248 000 to the International education, language, law, to help them develop the Institute for Rural Reconstruction medicine, and veterinary science, knowledge they have acquired at (IIRR) in support of the effort to among others. Some 2,961 of the the educational posts. A number upgrade the institutional capacity graduates have attended the of non-governmental of the Debub University, regular and continuing education organizations operating in the according to an embassy press programs while the rest have State were contributing release. The agreement for the undergone post-graduate significantly to the endeavour by assistance was signed between education. Speaking at the building basic education stations, the Royal Norwegian Embassy in graduation ceremony, University publishing text books and paying Addis and the Regional Director President Professor Eshetu teachers salaries, he said adding of IIRR on 12th December 2000. Woncheko told the graduates to that Action-Aid had in this regard The donation will be used to do their utmost for their country allotted 5.5 million birr to help produce a project planning and live up to the expectation of execute the informal education proposal to build the institutional their society. Professor Eshetu programme. capacity of the University with the noted that this year's graduation focus of enhancing the ceremony was observed when the University Conducting 150 effectiveness of the research, University celebrated its 50th Research Projects extension and teaching

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programmes of the colleges under poorly because of what a it. department head at State Education Bureau called "lack of awareness" about it, hindering USA Supplies Books conditions for creating favorable In a related development, U.S. teaching learning environment in Ambassador Tibor P. Nagy, Jr., schools. According to Ato Abraha Distance Education to Begin presented over $ 1.8 million USD Asfaw, Curriculum Department (approximately over 14 million head at the Tigray State for 5-8 Grade Teachers Birr) worth of books to various Education Bureau, there is a need ADDIS ABABA, May 2, 2000 higher education institutions to probe into the problems and (WIC) - Preparations have been located throughout Ethiopia. come up with practical solutions. finalized for launching a Representatives from AAU Education Bureau Heads of the programme of distance education (Science Faculty, Medical Faculty southern Nations Nationalities aimed at enhancing the capacity and Zewditu Nursing School), and Peoples and Gambela States of 5-8 grade teachers, the Alemaya University, Dilla College further emphasized the concerns Minister of Education said. of Teachers Education and Health voiced by their counterparts in Woizero Genet Zewdie, the Science, Gondar College of other regions. They cited shortage Minister, told Abiotawi Democracy Medical Science, Jimma of teaching material, limitations on that the beneficiaries of the University, Ethiopian Civil Service the capacity of teachers involved programme are 5-8 grade College (ECSC), as well as the in the program as some of the teachers who are holding Nursing Schools of Bahir Dar, major problems that have certificates in teaching in line with , Jijiga and received emerged in executing it. But the new educational and training the donation at a ceremony held Weizero Genet Zewde, Minister of policy. The Ministry said the at the U.S. Embassy. Education said in an opening summer courses that used to be Ambassador Nagy remarked that statement to the conference that given for these teachers in the the book donation stands the first phase of the new last three years were not testament to the U.S. education and training policy has adequate and hence the need for government's continued registered satisfactory results launching the distance education commitment to working in during the last five years. Genet programme. Woizero Genet said partnership with the Ethiopian said that efforts were also being the practice of giving summer government and people to exerted to implement the second courses every year at the Kotebe promote the development of phase of the programme over the Teachers' College or in other Ethiopia's education sector. coming five years. Education institutions, besides taking a very Bureau heads of all States, long time, cannot also benefit all representatives of women Affairs teachers. She also disclosed that Schools Experience Difficulty in the Prime Minister's Office, Indian experts have already Implementing New Teaching State Teachers' Associations and started making the essential the Ethiopian Teachers' material preparations for the Method distance educational programme. Assosa, October 26, 2000 (WIC) - Association are in attendance at the six-day conference. The Minister said the teachers will Education Bureau officials in obtain the lessons while on their several States say that schools in job. According to the Minister, this their respective States have Post-Graduate Programmes in decision to start distance difficulty implementing the self- education for 5-8 grade teachers contained Pharmacy, Political Science is part of the government's because of the intrinsic problem and International Relations to programme of enhancing the associated with the method. This capacity of elementary school was disclosed by Education Start teachers thereby improving the Bureau heads and experts who 18.8.2000 (Addis Tribune) - The quality of education. are meeting at the 10th National Addis Ababa University (AAU) is Woizero Genet said there are Education Administration poised to start next Ethiopian sufficient number of teachers for Conference, which is underway in academic year post-graduate 1-4 grades but these require Assosa town. Ato Yoseph programmes in pharmacy, retraining. The Minister added Anteneh, Head of the Amhara political science and international that a participatory and attractive State Education Bureau told a relations. According to Biruck teaching methodology has also WIC reporter that the success Hailu, external relations head at been launched in co-operation rate of students who have been the university, the programmes with UNICEF in Schools in Dire taught along this method is low were the result of 10 years of Dawa, Harar, Benishangul because it involves teachers who study and research. Established Gumuz, Gambela and Amhara are made to take up various nearly fifty years ago, University states. Asked to comment on subjects without considering their College - the predecessor of AAU complaints against self-contained capabilities and interest. The new - currently has 60 first degree, 44 educational programme for 1-4 program also faces complications post-graduate and six PhD grade, the Minister said this because schools experimenting programmes. It has an enrolment educational approach in intended with the approach don't have of 21,000 students and a staff of only to facilitate the sufficient teaching material and 850 at its 11 faculties, colleges implementation of the new suffer from shortage of teachers and other institutions. The educational policy. She said this qualified to implement it, Yoseph university is undertaking over 290 approach has two advantages said. In Tigray, the self-contained study and research projects, it Psychological and economic. teaching method is performing was learnt. While educating children with one

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teacher creates a family discussed in detail along with these, the current Northern atmosphere for the children and recommended solutions. Campus, grew out of the former help them to more easily be Participants had reached on a Imperial College of Engineering. acclimatized to the school common understanding on how The second, the current Southern environment, this method also the issues need to be addressed Campus, was formerly called the carries economic significance with the exchange of experiences, Ethio-Swedish Institute of Building because it facilitates the utilization and possibly through collective Technology. of existing teachers more assessment. The meeting had The College of Engineering was economically. According to agreed, among other things, on opened in 1953. Initially, it offered Woizero Genet, the self-contained capacity building training a two-year programme of approach is not as unpopular as schemes, expansion of libraries, intermediate engineering studies. some ellege and it is being widely improvement on educational The students were subsequently implemented in , Harar, materials, and the recruitment of sent abroad for a further study Benishangul Gumuz, Amhara and prospective teachers in the leading to a B.Sc. Degree. Later, Oromia while preparations are nomadic areas from among locals a four-year degree programme in being made in Tigray to launch it. whenever practical. Areas civil and industrial engineering Woizero Genet also said the deserving of priority attention was launched, and the first batch decision to stop secondary include fluctuation in the graduated in July 1958. In the education at 10th grade has been performance of female students, following year, the industrial made in consideration of the need the delay in the implementation of engineering programme was split to prepare students for various the new education policy in the into Electrical and Mechanical specializations after giving them Somali State and the impact at Engineering programmes, and the general education until the 10th narcotics and other drugs duration of the study for all grade. It is not wise to give affecting the psychological programmes was extended to five academic education until 12th makeup of students. Participants years. In 1961, the College grade and letting the students go also unanimously decided that the became a chartered member of it alone after that, she said, Education Sector Development Addis Ababa University. The adding that a total of 150 Programme should continue, Faculty expanded further in 1963 vocational and technical capacity building trainings be by opening a department of institutions have been prepared encouraged, the quality of architecture and urban planning . for accepting those students that education be further upgraded In 1965, the College moved from are educated until the 10th grade. and annual sporting events its former location in the between and among schools and compound of the Technical regions be continued by removing School at Mexico Square to the Conference deliberates on obstacles. Attending the Arat Kilo Campus (the current improving quality of education conference were W/ro Genet Faculty of Science). The College Dire Dawa, August 29, 1999 - Zewdie, Minister of Education, moved to its present campus in Participants of the 9th national department heads and other 1969 and the Department of conference on education senior staff of the ministry, Architecture moved to the representing the nine states, Dire ,department heads, education Southern Campus during this Dawa Administrative Council and bureaux heads and experts from period. Addis Ababa City Administration Afar, Somali, Harari, Southern The former Building College, have been urged to work for the Nations Nationalities and Peoples formally known as the Ethio- betterment of the system in the State, Oromia, Amhara, Tigray, Swedish Institute of Building country in collaboration with Benshangul-Gumuz and College, was founded in 1954 NGOs, other governmental offices Gambella states, Dire Dawa through a bilateral agreement and donor agencies. Closing the Administrative Council, and Addis between the Ethiopian and five-day conference here Ababa City Administration. The Swedish Governments. The initial yesterday, Ato Mohammed 10th annual conference will be educational scheme, launched in Hassen Economic Development held in September next year in 1955, aimed at offering a three- and Social Sector Head with in Benishangul-Gumuz State in year diploma programme in the Dire Dawa Administrative northwest Ethiopia, it was building engineering. At the end of Council, said that the meeting had disclosed. the 1957/58 academic year, the successfully discussed in detail training was upgraded to a four- the annual performance reports in year programme leading to a each state, including Addis B.Sc. Degree in building Ababa. It was also mentioned Addis Ababa University - The engineering. It was reviewed yet that the conference assessed the Faculty of Technology again and changed to a three- participation of the public in year diploma programme in 1962. implementing the Education P.O.Box 385, Addis Ababa, As a result of recommendations Sector Development Programme Ethiopia; made at various times, especially (ESD), observed the role of state Tel: +251-1-559-866 Fax: +251-1- those of a study team in 1968 and councils and the overall 552-601 the Presidential Commission in assistance provided by the E-mail: 1968, and the report of the Ministry of Education. According [email protected] Technical Survey Team of 1969, to available information, the http://www.telecom.net.et/~aaufot the College of Engineering and Ethiopian Teachers' Association the Building College merged to Brief History (ETA) presented its annual report form the present Faculty of The Faculty of Technology has and that problems encountered in Technology in 1969. the process of improving the two major units, both with distinct The Northern Campus, located on quality of education were beginnings of their own. One of the main road between the main

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campus of Addis Ababa All students wishing to join any of Advanced Diploma and B.Sc. University and the Science the Departments situated in the programmes. A CGPA of 3.00 is Faculty, contains the Departments Northern Campus follow a required for graduation with M.Sc. of Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and common programme of study Degree. Chemical Engineering. during the first three semesters: The Departments based in the two semesters in the Science RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Southern Campus - in the south- Freshman Programme and one One of the most important western part of Addis Ababa, semester in Pre-Engineering missions of the Faculty is to assist adjacent to the High Court Department of the Faculty. the development objectives of the Building on the Jimma Road - are Students are then allowed to country through applied and basic the Department of Architecture choose the department, which research. Research projects that and Urban planning, the they want to join. If more students are currently underway include Department of Building wish to join a certain department the following: Technology, and the Materials than the capacity of the - Civil Engineering: Multi-purpose Research and Testing department, placement is carried water resources development Department. out competitively on the basis of project; Preparation of design aid A further milestone in expansion the cumulative grade point for reinforced concrete hollow and strengthening of engineering average obtained during the three sections. education in the country was the semester. Students of the - Chemical Engineering: Biogas opening by the Faculty of two Building Technology Department manufacturing, Defluorization of M.Sc. Programmes, first in 1979 are assigned directly to the Awash River. in Civil Engineering and then in respective Departments on joining - Electrical Engineering: 1985 in Electrical Engineering. the University. Students wishing Application and performance to join the Department of evaluation of solar photovoltaic OBJECTIVES Architecture and Urban Planning systems. The objectives of the Faculty of must also pass a qualifying - Mechanical Engineering: Solar Technology can be broadly examination after the Science water heating and crop drying, defined as follows: Freshman Programme. water turbine. - to produce trained manpower in the various fields of Engineering Post-Graduate Programmes and Architecture in its regular, The Departments of Civil extension, and postgraduate Engineering and Electrical Addis Ababa City programmes Engineering have programmes, - to further, through relevant study which lead to M.Sc. Degrees. The Administration: and research, architectural and areas of specialization which are technological capabilities of the currently offered are the following: http://www.waltainfo.com/Regiona country in line with the national - Civil Engineering: Hydraulics, l_States/AddisAbaba/Content.htm development objectives Structures, Soil Mechanics, and Education - to offer technical consultancy Foundation Engineering. - Number of Senior Secondary services to Government Ministries - Electrical Engineering: Control Schools = 47 and other state and private Engineering, Power Systems, - Number of teachers = 2549 organizations Communications Engineering, - Number of Primary School = 66 - to provide and expedite and Electronic Engineering. - Number of teachers = 2784 appropriate training programmes - Mechanical Engineering: - Number of Primary School/ to Government and private Thermal Engineering. Mechanical Private/ = 37 employees with the view to Design and Industrial - Number of Primary upgrading and updating their skills Engineering. School/community/ = 8 - to prepare and plan the All the M.Sc. Programmes take 2 - Number of Primary School/ introduction of study ni the other years to complete. The public/ = 118 Architectural and Engineering Departments of Architecture and - Training institutions = 7 areas such as urban design, Urban Planning and Chemical housing, mining, metallurgy, etc. Engineering plan to launch a Education Coverage as of the graduate programme in the near Year 2000 STUDY PROGRAMMES future. - At the level of = Undergraduate Programmes from 19.6% to 31.6% In its regular programme, the Continuing Education - On the primary level Faculty offers Advanced Diploma Programmes = from 84.3% to 91.9% and B.Sc. Degree Programmes. The Faculty of Technology runs - On the senior secondary level The Programmes leading to a Evening Programmes in the fields = from 42 % to 44 % B.Sc. Degree are offered by the of Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Departments of Architecture & and Building Engineering. All Additionally, in order to minimize Urban Planning, Chemical departments offer a five-year unemployment in the city: Engineering, Civil Engineering, advanced diploma programme. In - More than 1,500 men and Electrical Engineering, and addition, the Departments of Civil women have trained in various Mechanical Engineering. The Engineering and Electrical vocational fields. duration of study period is Engineering offer an eight-year - More than 5,000 students, who uniformly five years. Further B.Sc. Programme. have completed their high school more, the Department of Building level of education and have been Technology offers a three-year Graduation Requirements unemployed, were trained in basic Advanced Diploma programme. A CGPA of 2.00 or above is and pre-luminary vocational skills. required for graduation of

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- In temporary environmental academic year 1999/2000 = In den Klassen für Holz, Metall protection development, more 2,153 und Elektrik waren jeweils 20 than 40,000 people in the city are - Number of students succeeded SchülerInnen vorgesehen. Die employed. in passing for higher education handwerkliche Ausbildung ist institutions = 324 offenbar nicht so angesehen oder According to the 1991 statistics - Number of students who were noch nicht so bekannt: Es sind data, there are 128,491 mini and unable to pass the examination = nur 18 Holz-, 12 Metall- und 7 small organizations in the city, 1,829 Elektro-Ausbildungsplätze z.Zt. which could create job besetzt. opportunities for 209,211 Bericht von Herrn Meinolf Die Zuteilung aus dem ganzen unemployed citizens. Land hat eine große Nachfrage Lammers, Rockbusch 14 in nach Unterkunftsmöglichkeiten in 48163 Münster Wukro gebracht. The Benishangul-Gumuz Daten zur St. Mary's School for Da bis zum 23.11.2001 noch Economy and Agriculture in keine Handreichungen für Lehrer National Regional State Wukro (Tigray) und Schulbücher für den Bereich Nach der Umstellung des Elektrotechnik vorlagen, wird der http://www.waltainfo.com/Regiona Schulsystems in Äthiopien war bis neue Lehrer für dieses Fach sich l_States/Benishangul/Ben_home. Mitte November 2001 an der an dem sehr umfangreichen htm Schule unklar, wie es weitergehen Curriculum orientieren müssen Education würde. Die Regierung teilt ab und an den Unterlagen, die wir The present education policy and sofort die Studenten für den beide zusammen in den letzten 6 strategy of the Benishangul- Bereich Landwirtschaft zu. In Wochen erarbeitet haben, als wir Gumuz region is no different from diesem Jahr sind das 200 auch gemeinsam einen that of the overall national SchülerInnen. Ihre Werkraum für diesen neuen education and training policy of Ausbildungszeit beträgt 3 Jahre. Zweig der Ausbildung eingerichtet the country. The main objectives Danach garantiert ihnen die haben. of education and training in the Regierung die Übernahme in ein region focus on establishing and Arbeitsverhältnis. Die promoting technical or vocational SchülerInnen kommen aus dem Deutsche Botschaftsschule training along with the academic ganzen Land. Der Staat zahlt system; pursuing a decentralized bzw. gibt Zuschüsse für das Addis Ababa system of administration in Wohnen und den http://www.ds-addis.de/deutsch/ Primary and Secondary Lebensunterhalt. Das Curriculum Email: [email protected] education; providing training and ist vom Staat vorgegeben, upgrading professional, ausgebildete Lehrer, die in Wukro Die Deutsche Botschaftsschule competence of teachers which zusätzlich gebraucht wurden, sind Addis Ababa ist eine Privatschule thereby improve the quality and ebenfalls zugewiesen worden. - getragen von einem standard of education. Das Ziel der Ausbildung ist es, die Schulverein. Grundlage für die SchülerInnen sehr Praxis Unterrichtsinhalte sind die School structure of the region: 8- orientiert für die Bedingungen im Lehrpläne der Länder Nordrhein - 2-2 ländlichen Bereich auszubilden. Westfalen und Baden - - 8 years of elementary education Eine Zugangsberechtigung zum Württemberg. Die Deutsche - 2 years of general secondary Studium ist damit nicht mehr Botschaftsschule Addis Ababa education gegeben. gehört zu den ältesten deutschen - 2 years of preparatory senior Für den zweiten Bereich, der Schulen in Afrika, die von der secondary school Ausbildung "Commerce", sind die Bundesrepublik Deutschland vorgesehenen 60 Plätze alle sowohl finanziell als auch Number of students in 1999/2000 besetzt, demnächst sind personell gefördert werden. academic year insgesamt 80 Plätze verfügbar. - Primary School students=89,777 Auch diese Plätze wurden zentral Schuljahr: Anfang September bis - Senior Secondary School vergeben; die Ausbildungszeit Anfang Juli students = 4,012 beträgt 2 Jahre. Sowohl für den Ferien: Sommer 8 Wochen, Ausbildungsbereich Herbst 1 Woche, Weihnachten 3 Number of teachers in the year Landwirtschaft als auch Wochen, Ostern 2 Wochen 1998/99 "Commerce" ist eine zentrale Schulgeld: Schule DM 7.800,- pro - Primary School teachers: 1,995 Prüfung von Addis vorgesehen. Jahr; Kindergarten DM 4.800,- pro - Junior Secondary School Daneben gibt es seit einigen Jahr teachers: 192 Jahren eine Kurzausbildung für Sprachen: Unterrichtssprache - Senior Secondary School Holz- und Metallberufe, die jetzt Deutsch, Englisch ab Kl. 1, teachers: 87 auch einheitlich geregelt ist: Nach Französisch ab Kl. 7 der Klasse 10 wird 1 Jahr Schwimmunterricht: in den Pools Number of Schools ausgebildet. Außerdem ist jetzt der Hotels - Primary = 251 noch der Bereich Elektrotechnik Busdienst: (schuleigen) gegen - Junior = 24 hinzugekommen mit ebenfalls 1 Kostenbeitrag - Senior = 9 Jahr Ausbildung. Geld für die Schulkantine: täglicher Einrichtung eines solchen neuen Mittagsdienst - Number of students who sat for Unterrrichtszweiges hat die the national matriculation Schule nicht erhalten. Für Holz, examination (ESLCE) by the Metall und Elektro ist eine lokale Geschichte Abschlussprüfung vorgesehen.

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Die DEUTSCHE SCHULE ADDIS Informatikabteilung haben die EMRDA together with the Arsi ABEBA wurde 1955 gegründet Schüler die Möglichkeit, sich mit Zone Education Bureau, the und war in den 70er Jahren eine Internet und E-mail vertraut zu education offices of the two Begegnungsschule mit eigenem machen sowie mit woredas and PACT Ethiopia. Internat. Nach Schließung der unterrichtsbezogener Software zu According to the need alten Deutschen Schule im Jahre arbeiten. In den Klassen 9 und 10 assessment, the following were 1978 wurde als Deutschsprachige führen wir jährlich the main critical issues stimulating Auslandsschule, die zu den Betriebspraktika bei EMRDA's intervention in this Abschlüssen im Sek 1 Bereich renommierten einheimischen specific area of operation. führt die DEUTSCHE Unternehmen und Institutionen in - 1589 school-age children at five BOTSCHAFTSSCHULE ADDIS Addis Abeba durch. Unsere sites were out of school due to ABEBA neu begründet. Die Klassenfahrten und inaccessibility to formal schools Deutsche Botschaftsschule bezog Projektwochen machen die - 99 percent of adults have not im Frühjahr 2000 neue, mit Schüler mit der Natur und Kultur even basic literacy skills Bundesmitteln erbaute Gebäude des Gastlandes vertraut. Kleine - poor knowledge and practice of unweit des Botschaftsgeländes. Klassen und ein engagiertes environmental protection and Auf dem neuen Schulgelände Kollegium (alle Lehrer mit personal hygiene among different befinden sich neben zeitgemäß deutschem Examen) sorgen für groups in the communities eingerichteten Klassenräumen individuelle Betreuung und ein - girls' participation in basic eine große Mehrzweckhalle, fröhliches, entspanntes education was very poor. modern ausgestattete Labor- und Schulklima. Fachräume einschließlich EMRDA pursued to the following Informatik mit aktueller Hardware Weiterführende Möglichkeiten strategies: sowie umfangreiche Nach Verlassen unserer Schule - mobilizing and sensitizing the Sportanlagen, Kantine und bieten sich für abgehende community at large Schulgarten. Schüler/innen folgende - initiating non-formal eduction Möglichkeiten der schulischen programs for both children and Unterricht Weiterbildung: Wechsel nach adults by establishing cost- Der Schule angeschlossen ist ein Deutschland an ein effective and accessible centers ebenfalls neu erbauter innerdeutsches Gymnasium - recruiting and training facilitators Kindergarten, der ab dem (Sekundarstufe II) bzw. Beginn to conduct the daily teaching- vollendeten 3. Lebensjahr einer Berufsausbildung / Lehre; learning activities besucht werden kann. Die Schule Wechsel an die Deutsche Schule - empowering NFEC by identifying arbeitet nach eigenen Lehrplänen Nairobi mit Internat, deutsches more stakeholders und ist gegliedert in Grundschule Abitur nach Klasse 13; Besuch und Sekundarstufe I, wobei die einer der weiterführenden, EMRDA empowers the NFE Klassen 5 und 6 als internationalen Schulen in Addis centers by establihsing strong Orientierungsstufe geführt Abeba: englische Sandford links with concerned government werden. Hauptschüler, Community School, bodies and among the community Realschüler und Gymnasiasten amerikanische International at large. Due to poor participation werden ab Klasse 7 gemeinsam Community School, französisches of adults, it has designed and aber binnendifferenziert Lycée Ethio-Français mit implemented innovative strategies unterrichtet. Die Sekundarstufe I Abschluss des International with no expenses to help teach hat den Charakter eines Baccalaureate (I.B.) bzw. des parents through their children in neusprachlichen Gymnasiums. französischen Baccalauréat nach their respective residences by Nach einem von der Klasse 12. Für Schüler unserer distributing teaching material. This Kulturministerkonferenz Schule, die an eine dieser can be one of the strategies to beaufsichtigten Schulen wechseln, wird die meet the "Education for by 2015" Abschlussverfahren ist die Schule Vorbereitung auf das in international program goal. berechtigt, das Deutschland anerkannte I.B. in Intensive socio-economic survey Hauptschulabschlusszeugnis zum Zusammenarbeit mit den was conducted at each site by the Ende der Klasse 9 sowie das weiterführenden Partnerschulen facilitators without incurring Realschulabschlusszeugnis und vor Ort organisiert. additional costs. An education das Schlusszeugnis für management committee is Gymnasialschüler zum Ende der established at each site by Klasse 10 zu erteilen. Das identifying prominent, influential Schlusszeugnis für NGO’s and indigenous intellectuals. The Gymnasialschüler berechtigt zum program is locally contextualized Eintritt in die Sekundarstufe II http://www.mesob.org/ngo/emrda and considers the community's jedes deutschen Gymnasiums. 3.html time, interest, involvement and EMRDA capacity. Standard monitoring and Weitere Angebote PO Box 7515 evaluation plans are in place. Die Schule bietet außerhalb des Addis Ababa ETHIOPIA Results achieved to date: Lehrplans eine Reihe von tel: 251 1 520803; fax: 251 1 - a total of 160 adults have Aktivitäten und 519152 improved literacy skills Arbeitsgemeinschaften, die e-mail: [email protected] - environmental protection and jährlich wechselnd verschiedenen personaly hygiene is practiced Gebiete umfassen. Dazu gehören EMRDA's Hetosa and Dodota among a the wider community u.a. Amharisch, Theater, Sport, Sire NFE Project - 743 children have basic literacy Chor, Orchester, Internet, Foto The project commenced in June skills, 53 percent of them girls, und Nähen. In unserer 1999, based on analysis made by

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and a desired behavioral change NGO. DAO was registered with NGO: Adaptive was brought about the Ministry of Justice in Technologies Center for the - 230 children have joined various December 1998 and signed an Blind (ATCB) grade levels in the formal schools operation agreement with the "ATCB is not an organization nearest their villages, 48 percent Disaster Prevention and speaking for the Blind; It is the were girls Preparedness Commission of the Blind speaking for themselves." - the communities' attitude toward Federal . ATCB was recently registered as education is changing, they have It is authorized to operate in an NGO in Ethiopia. ATCB seeks collected funds to help sustain the Oromiya National State, which is to address the situation of blind project the largest administrative region and visually impaired youth and of the country with a population of adults in Addis Ababa by EMRDA's Intervention in Afar more than 21.5 million. DAO aims introducing and providing Region to improve the life conditions of computer training and Braille A need assessment conducted in the under-privileged rural people transcribing services for blind one woreda of the region found: of Oromiya through implementing people. ATCB aims to make the - the native Afar educational self-initiated and self-help visually impaired people in enrollment rate is below 2 percent community-based participatory Ethiopia - mainly students and - there is widespread practice of programs in: office employees in private harmful traditional practices and Primary health care with special service centers - independent. poor environmental health emphasis on HIV/AID control and Training is among the activities of - under-developed agricultural preventions; Rural water ATCB, and procuring used or new practices development and sanitation equipment (computers, software As a Muslim-oriented programs; Environmental and the like) is also among the organization, EMRDA hopes to protection and conservation; organization’s work. obtain wide popular support of the Community economic Contact: Ato Bochu Sintayehu, community and the government. empowerment with special General Secretary of ATCB, PO With project funds obtained from emphasis on women through Box 80046, Addis Ababa Action Aid and CRDA, EMRDA promotion of income generating ETHIOPIA has started Alternative Basic schemes (by establishing savings tel: 251 (0) 9 223327 Child Education Programs at 8 and credit systems); Non-formal AND : Ato Tamru Belay rural sites in Amibara woreda, basic and civic education; and e-mail: [email protected] enrolling more than 1150 children. Animal husbandry and veterinary http://www3.sympatico.ca/tamru With partnership of PACT services. Ethiopia, EMRDA has so far All these programs, which reached the semifinal level of the comprise DAO's list of priorities NGO Profile : Save the World Bank's annual are in line with the development Young Ethiopian Development Markplace efforts of the government. DAO competition in 2001, with this seeks partners to support its Organization (SYEO) innovative project to provide project plans and welcomes Save the Young Ethiopian developmental education using volunteer expatriate experts who Organization (SYEO) is a new participatory rural appraisal (PRA) with to work with the organization NGO working with the Addis dialogue techniques to address to carry out the programs and Ababa Administration and the local problems with local activities of DAO. DAO bears management of Woreda 14, solutions, thereby anabling 5000 responsibility to facilitate Kebeles 07, 12, 13 and 17. Zone adults to acquire basic literacy formalities in Ethiopia for 5, Woreda 14 is located in the skills (reading and writing) in volunteers that generously northern part of the city of Addis Amibara woreda EMRDA is contribute their share to help the Ababa. The Woreda is one of the preparing to conduct an poor. DAO has a partnership hubs of the city. SYEO is focused awareness creation workshop agreement with PACT - Ethiopia on skill and vocational training with 250 prominent and influential and has also signed the Code of towards self- employment and local individuals in the 6 woredas Conduct for NGOs in Ethiopia. family re-unification. To rectify the of zone 3 about harmful traditional DAO has been implementing major problems of the target practices, as well as civic spring development activities in groups - prostitutes, youth and education, conflict resolution, and Chelliya District, with the support street children - identifying actual project identification capacity of the Embassy of the Federal neds and possible solutions were building skills of traditional Republic of Germany. A nursery found to be a cornerstone. These institutions. Lastly due to the deep plantation site, where were discovered by a series of and widespread socio-economic multipurpose tree seedlings are need assessment workshop problems the region faces, raised, also in Chelliya District, is carried out over three days in May EMRDA intends to do a great deal supported by DED. 2000. The major aim of the in the region by soliciting funds Development Action for Oromiya workshop was to identify and from various sources, both within (DAO), Mr. Korme Lemmi, prioritize the problems and the country and abroad. Executive Director, PO Box 21109 possible solutions for children on Code 1000 the street, prostitutes and youth Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (specifically 12th grade complete NGO Profile : Development tel: 251 1 520404 / 05; e-mail: and unemployed). Introductory Action for Oromiya (DAO) [email protected] meetings were made with Woreda 14 management, beneficiaries, Development Action for Oromiya Kebele management and (DAO) is a voluntary, not-for- InterAfrica Group’s NGO profit, independent and Networking Service (an development-oriented indigenous

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information and support project, and placement and follow-up Brother's Brother Foundation, the IAG is an African NGO based in services. International Book Project, Project Addis Ababa) to exchange ideas Hope Project, and U.S. AID's on how to facilitate the three-day MAECOT, Ms. Senait Abera, PO Ocean Freight Program. If you need assessment. Box 101737, Addis Ababa, would like to receive additional The workshop was held 19-21 Ethiopia tel. 251 1 511956 information about ECDC's May 2000, including a day-long e-mail in care of Educational Development session with each group: [email protected] (please note program, would like to donate prostitutes, youth and street MAECOT c/o NNS in the subject books, or know of a children. Participating in the line) college/university library, or sessions of the workshop were organization that could donate 132 prostitutes, 154 youth and ECDC – Ethiopian books or educational materials, 159 street children. Community Development please call ECDC's Executive Poverty, unemployment, Council, Inc. Director at (703) 685-0510 or orphanage and broken families http://www.ecdcinternational.org/h contact us via E-Mail. were identified as the problems of tmfiles/books.html the target groups. Skill and E-mail: [email protected] vocational training toward self- employment, attitude-change and Educational Development family reunification were identified Today, most institutions of higher Der Überblick as possible solutions. learning in Ethiopia are faced with Postfach 305590 A copy of the report of the need the problem of making 20317 Hamburg assessment workshops is educational resources accessible e-mail: [email protected] available by contacting NNS . to the rising number of students www.der-ueberblick.de SYEO, Mr Assefa Gebremariam, enrolled in their programs. The PO Box 81213, Addis Ababa, shortage of textbooks and other Ausgabe 3/2001, S. 49 - 52 Ethiopia educational materials makes it "Wir betteln nicht, wir verkaufen tel. 251 1 117401 extremely difficult for these Projekte" institutions to fulfill their mission of Die äthiopischen NGOs fühlen educating Ethiopia's next sich weniger von den Partnern im NGO Profile: MAECOT for generation of doctors, lawyers, Norden gegängelt als von der the Handicapped nurses, civil servants, teachers, eigenen Regierung. MAECOT is a Ge'ez word and businessmen. ECDC's Die meisten äthiopischen meaning 'promise'. MAECOT, the Educational Development nichtstaatlichen Organisationen organization, is an Ethiopian program is an ongoing effort that hängen von Geld aus dem support and advocacy collects, ships, and distributes Norden ab. Das heißt aber nicht, organization for handicapped donated books and educational dass sie deshalb den Vorgaben people in Ethiopia. Based in Addis materials to institutions of higher ihrer Partner im Norden folgen. Ababa, MAECOT attempts to fill learning throughout Ethiopia. Viele haben gelernt, wie und an the void of organizations This program represents an wen sie eine Idee "verkaufen" dedicated to supporting the self- important resource in helping können, und können abschätzen, sufficiency and positive visibility of educational institutions and grass- wie ein von den Gebern handicapped people in the roots organizations rebuild and vorgeschlagenes Projekt an ihre country. The organization was strengthen their capacity to serve eigenen, oft ganz anderen established in August 1997 by members of their communities Prioritäten anzupassen ist. voluntary members. throughout the country. The Schwieriger ist für sie der MAECOT's publication, MEERAF, program enables administrators, Umgang mit der eigenen produced in Amharic and English, faculty, and students the Regierung. ... recently included further opportunity to increase their information on the situation of the competence and knowledge base. disabled in seeking employment. It also allows institutions of higher Anwälte für das Volk Beyond the disability itself, a learning to use their limited Eine selbstbewusste NGO handicapped person is denied the resources for needs other than Dass nichtstaatliche opportunity to compete for the purchase of textbooks. Organisationen (NGOs) in training, employment and work Registered in 1992 as an NGO, Entwicklungsländern sich experience. Awareness among ECDC works with Ethiopia's durchaus nicht immer von employers about job adaptation Disaster Prevention and Partnern aus dem Norden am and workplace environment Preparedness Commission Gängelband führen lassen, contribute to the dominant attitude (DPPC) in Addis Ababa in demonstriert in Äthiopien die that discriminates against those carrying out this project. Since "Action Professionals Association with disabilities. 1993, ECDC has shipped 139,832 for the People" (A.P.A.P.) Diese MAECOT advocates, among books valued at U.S. $4,021,848 NGO wurde 1993 von 5 Juristen other strategies: to Ethiopia and distributed them to gegründet. Sie mieteten ein Büro creating awareness among 65 institutions and regional in Addis Ababa, statteten es mit employers about the handicapped agencies. eigenen Möbeln aus und erteilten and their contributions to the job Funding support for this program dort ehrenamtlich und kostenlos market; is derived from the public and Rechtsberatung für Menschen, an information network, including private sectors. Partners include die sich teure Rechtsanwälte nicht a database of employers and individual and institutional donors, leisten konnten. Bald begannen jobs, jobseekers and training including Books for Africa, The sie, mit Gruppen wie opportunities;

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Abfallsammlern oder zwischen NGOs in Äthiopien und Prostituierten in den ärmeren Partner-NGOs aus dem Norden Discussion Underway On PRSP Bezirken von Addis systematisch arbeitet. zu arbeiten. Sie schulten deren In Most Of Ethiopia's States Mitglieder in Rechtsfragen und Addis Ababa, January 07, 2002 vertraten sie auch vor Gericht. (WIC)- Public discussion are Diese Arbeit hat internationale being conducted at the Woreda NGOs und einige Botschaften so level on the government's Poverty beeindruckt, dass sie der A.P.A.P. Reduction Strategic paper Unterstützung anboten, was die (PRSP) in most of Ethiopia's Gruppe gerne annahm. Regional States. The discussions Bei der Regierung stieß diese NEWS are being held in 116 districts Arbeit allerdings nicht auf regarded to be representative, Wohlwollen. Sie entzog der Taskforce established to said the Poverty Reduction A.P.A.P. im Jahr 1995 die Strategy preparation office of the Registrierung. Ihr Direktor verlor promote community Radio in Ministry of Finance and Economic wegen seiner Arbeit für die Horn Development. The office indicated Organisation seine Anstellung an Addis Ababa, January 11, 2002 that three documents have been der Universität von Addis. Die (WIC) - The three day symposium prepared and distributed to each Gruppe gab jedoch nicht auf und on promoting community Radio in of the districts to facilitate erreichte durch zähe Lobbyarbeit the Horn of Africa wound up today maximum popular participation in im Jahr 1997 ihre setting-up by a taskforce the discussions. According to the Wiederzulassung. Sie comprised of five members from office, the discussions have been konzentrierte sich nun auf four of the Horn of Africa conducted with at most Anwaltschaft für die Beachtung countries. According to a transparency, and have been von Menschenrechten. Bald resolution presented at the witnessed by representatives of konnte sie auch außerhalb der conclusion of the symposium the the diplomatic community, Hauptstadt wirken. Dort schulte taskforce is charged with international creditors and donor sie nicht nur Vertreter lokaler establishing network among the organizations and UN agencies. NGOs in Rechtsfragen, sondern Horn countries to work to realize The office said that bot auch Gemeindevertretern und community radios. The resolution representatives of the World Bank Beamten Fortbildung in den indicated that there is a need to have expressed their appreciation Themen Menschenrechte und establish sensitization and to the attention given by the Korruptionsbekämpfung an. Aus lobbying groups at national levels Ethiopia government in the ihren Erfahrungen verfasste die and through the Inter preparation of a comprehensive A.P.A.P. schließlich eine Governmental Agency for PRSP and in ensuring the Anleitung mit dem Titel "The Bells Development (IGAD) at the participation of Stake holders in of Freedom" (Die Glocken der regional level. The resolution the process. Freiheit). noted that community radios Wie ihre Arbeit auszusehen hat, could play a pivotal role to resolve Association Supports Street muss sich die A.P.A.P. nicht von the raging conflicts in the Horn by Children in Dessie creating venues for community Geldgebern aus dem Norden Dessie, January 06, 2002 (WIC) - sagen lassen. Sie entwickelt völlig elders to come up with indigenous The Dessie Branch of the Friends selbständig Drei-Jahres-Pläne für knowledge of settling conflicts. It of Street Children Association- ihre Tätigkeit und lädt die Nord- said that community radio which Ethiopia is providing support to should be owned by the NGOs auf ein von ihr gegründetes street children and their parents in Geberforum ein, wo diese community should be able to the town as part of the effort to entscheiden können, wie sie sich entertain issues of concern to a help them over come the an der Finanzierung beteiligen certain community thereby economic problems they face. Ato promoting cultural diversity and wollen. Die A.P.A.P. hat dafür Getachew Demissie, Branch einheitliche Musterverträge und vernacular languages. "The Head, said the Association has in ein einheitliches Berichtsformat community Radio, which is the course of last year, given a entworfen. Bisher haben die primarily rural media, is a 700 birr credit to each of the 150 necessity for illiterate and Geber das auch akzeptiert. Heute mothers of street children in nine wird die A.P.A.P. von den großen scattered rural community during kebeles the town. The women internationalen NGOs "Novib" aus the age of information revolution," were selected from among single den Niederlanden und dem it added. It said at this particular parents who are in dire economic time when the Horn countries schwedischen Zweig von "Save conditions and have to bear the the Children" sowie einigen engaged in the preparation of burden of having to cater for their Botschaften unterstützt. poverty reduction strategy paper, children. The Association has also community radios could be been sponsoring more than 800 instrumental to articulate the voice Berichte von children who can't attend formal Dr. Michaela von Freyhold, and choice of inaccessible rural schooling attend informal Professorin am Fachbereich poor. The resolution said raising education, Getachew said. The Soziologie der Universität Bremen the awareness of Branch has further carried out the parliamentarians and other mit dem Schwerpunkt empirische construction of a library and five Analysen von decision-making bodies was public lavatories as well as the Entwicklungsprozessen in der important to realize broadcasting renovation of two primary schools, Dritten Welt und legislation which would be mostly providing service to the Daniel Sahleyesus, der an seiner instrumental to establish Dissertation über das Verhältnis community radios.

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under served section of the Regional States, both of which international architect competition residents in the town. are home to most of such forests to Design Shelter for Five Lalibela in Ethiopia. Citing a study Rock-Hewn Churches was Opposition Parties Boycott conducted four years ago, Ato launched with an Italian company Getachew Eshete, Head of the called "TEPRIN ASSOCIATI" Elections in South Ethiopia Eco-System Department of the which won and presented the blue 4.1.2002 Addis Tribune Authority, said over 1.2 million print of the work design. Among Two Opposition Parties boycotted hectares of virgin forest have the 11 Rock-Hewn Lalibela Kebele council elections held last been cleared in the two states in Churches, which were cut out of Sunday (December 30, 2001) in the period between 1980 to 1997. natural rocks 800 years back, the Southern Nations Nationalities Getachew said as a result of this Bete Medhanealem, Bete Mariam, and Peoples' Regional State unchecked tree felling, a third of Bete Amanuel, Bete Aba Libanos saying their members and the total area of the land covered and Bete Meskel are included in supporters have been harrassed, by virgin forest has been cleared the project, the release pointed imprisoned, beaten and had their in the South Ethiopia Nations out. properties expropriated by cadres Nationalities and Peoples' and members of the rulling party. Regional State during the period. EHRCO Dispatches 230 The parties, namely, the council In Oromiya 16.7 percent of this of Alternative Forces for Peace type of forest are no more, he Observers for Sunday's and Democracy in Ethiopia and added. According to the Head, Election in The South the Southern Ethiopia Peoples' increase in population and the Addis Tribune (Addis Ababa) Democratic Coalition also said the concurrent increase in demand for December 24, 2001 Zonal and Woreda councils wood, investment activities, and The Ethiopian Human Rights election held the previous week low level of capacity of institutions Council (EHRCO) dispatched 230 on Sunday December 23, 2001 charged to properly administer independent observers to should be declared null and void. protected forest lands, were examine the woreda and zonal The parties in a statement said among the main factors that have council elections at the Southern their members were issued with resulted in this situation. The Regional State Scheduled to take their candidature identity cards unchecked tree felling is a major place on Sunday. According to only one day before the election threat to Ethiopia's eco system, Menag Mulu-Alem, EHRCO day and their names were not Getachew warned and called for a representative, the observers announced as candidates while coordinated action by relevant were recruited from the civil some of the names were Federal and Regional organs to society, mainly elders, scholars, concelled from the list. The prevent the impeding ecological women and youths. They are not parties said their members and disaster. In the last 17 years, 2.5 members of political parties, supporters who took part in the million hectares of forestland was according to Menag. He further Woreda and Zonal election have cleared in Ethiopia, he indicated. stated that the observers would been harrassed by cadres of be involved in none of the election EPRDF. The parties accused the procedure except a close scrutiny National Electoral Board for of the election. The observers failling to check whether voter ARCCH says E.U endorsed have been given a daylong registration, candidature financing restoration of seminar in the region's capital announcement and polling were Lalibela Rock-Hewn Church Awassa about the proceedings of done in a manner required by the the election and basic ethics of an electoral law. In many polling Addis Ababa, December 28, 2001 (WIC) - The Authority for observer, Menag added. stations, cadres of EPRDF and Meanwhile, two of the parties Kebele administrations were Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritages (ARCCH) said namely the Ethiopian Democratic assigned by the Board as election Party (EDP) and the Sidama executives against the demand by the financing proposal for the main phase of planned support for Liberation Movement (SLM) the parties for the appointment of representatives have said a forum independent election executives, the restoration of the Lalibela Rock-Hewn Churches which was for debate among the political the statement said. The parties parties should have been also said that some members who submitted to the European Development Fund Committee organized before the elections. won the elections conducted two Netsanet Demelash, EDP, years ago have been extra has received the unanimous approval of the European Union Awassa representative and Yilma judicially imprisoned despite their Chamola, Chairman of the SLM, right of immunity enshrined in the Member States on December 13th in Brussels. It said the said the debate would have constitution. created an opportunity for the European Commission is expected to authorize its public to know the contending Authority says Illegal Tree Financing Decision, in due parties. W/ro Konjit Getahun, the Felling Threatening Ethiopia's course. According to a Press Sidama Zone Election Board Release by the Authority, the Organizer, however, said the Eco System board has no responsibility to Addis Ababa, December 30, 2001 originally foreseen support of roughly 30 million Birr has been organize a fair debates among the (WIC) - The Environment opposition parties. The main Protection Authority raises the more than doubled with additionally attracted provisions. responsibility of the board, alarm according to her, is to "supervise over the massive depletion of The forthcoming European aid intended for Lalibela is presently whether the election is free and virgin forests in the Oromya and fair." South Ethiopia Nations, reassessed at 75 million ETB it said. According to the release, an Copyright © 2001 Addis Tribune Nationalities and Peoples' (allAfrica.com).

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modern energy services which he government expenditure ensuing Church Undertaking Close to said have contributed to from the salary adjustment. The backwardness of the country. He adjustment was approved on Two Million Birr Development said the country was spending Tuesday, after the House took Projects 35% of its foreign currency note of the rising cost of living in Addis Ababa, December 21, 2001 earning on importation of Ethiopia and the increasing (WIC)- petroleum fuels due to lack of number of civil servants quitting to The Alem-tena Catholic Church in efficient alternative source of seek better paying jobs in the Dugadabora Woreda of East energy in the country. He said the private sector. The new minimum Shewa zone of Oromia State is Center in collaboration with the wage will go into effect beginning undertaking various integrated Forestry Research Institute has January. The current minimum development projects with an launched the development of wage in the civil service is 105 outlay of close to 2 million birr this short term fuel wood afforstration birr. Ethiopian year. Project project since 1999 with the view NGOs to Propose for the Coordinator with the Church, Ato to providing additional biomass Mezgebu Korsa told reporters fuels which is the main source of Inclusion of Sectoral Dev't during on site visit to the projects energy in particularly rural Issues yesterday that the projects Ethiopia. He said the eucalyptus The Daily Monitor (Addis Ababa) focused on ensuring primary globulas and Accacia Decurvence September 21, 2001 health care, basic education tree species that were planted in More than 20 NGOs that are provision and sinking of potable different ecological zones of working in Ethiopia announced water wells. He said the projects Holeta, Harar and Arbaminch yesterday that they are preparing were undertaken through Fund towns were now ready for use as to propose strategies for the secured from the Catholic Relief source of energy. He said after inclusion of sectoral development Service (CRS) Ethiopia conducting study on their energy issues in the final Poverty programme, the International value, the trees would be Reduction Strategies Paper Catholic Sisters Association and distributed to farmers for (PRSP) of the country. Speaking the local people. The Church was plantation. at the opening of the two-day offering basic education to He meanwhile said that the workshop at Ghion Hotel, Ato children and adults in two schools Center in line with the country's Kebede Asrat, Executive Director it constructed in cooperation with energy policy has designed a of CIDA said that the involvement the local people, he said. During plan of action aimed at mitigating of NGOs in the country's PRSP the field trip the children told Green House Gas (GHG) would serve as a suitable reporters that they were lucky that emission and creation of an opportunity to draw strategies for they were attending school at enabling environment for the NGOs' participation in their doorsteps while doing other development of environment government PRSP consultation. businesses, until they were able friendly energy sources and Kebede said that among the to attend schools in areas further technologies which also meets issues the NGOs want to include away. The students would join the development needs of the in the discussion are HIV/AIDS, grade four after three years of rural population of Ethiopia. He health, agriculture and natural school in their area. The Church also said priority will be given to resources, children and youth, had also sunk three water wells in efficiency (demand side urban development, education, three kebeles of the Woreda. It management), conversion gender, water and paternalism. also installed grain mill and efficiency, fuel substitution and "Since NGOs are working more constructed model houses to development of database for closely with the poor, their demonstrate clean residential increased access on energy involvement in poverty reduction houses to promote maternal environment related area. The will have its own advantage to health to the people in the Center was also offering technical make the national PRSP as localities. assistance to regional States in comprehensive and as effective improving energy supply, he said, as possible," said Kebede. He Lack of Sufficient Power, adding that investors, who would also said that the NGO like to engage in provision of perspective is currently being High Energy Quality electric light could also get developed by an NGO PRSP Slackening Socio-Economic necessary information from the Task Force. The NGOs hope Development of the Country Center. Only 11 per cent of the recognition will be given to issues population of the country has which have not had sufficient Addis Ababa, December 14, 2001 access to electricity and of the (WIC)- The goal of improving the coverage in the first PRSP. total of 927 towns only 48 percent socio-economic well being of the Kebede indicated that giving are electrified, it was learnt. nation in general and the rural considerations to the issues raised by the NGOs will contribute residents in particular is highly constrained by lack of sufficient The House of Peoples' to the strengthening of civil power and high quality energy, Representatives has approved society institutions' participation in the Ethiopian Rural Energy the development processes in a 200-birr minimum wage for Ethiopia. The workshop which Development and Promotion Center said. Social Economic and employees in the civil service. was organized by CRDA brought Statistics Team Leader with the Monitor - November 5, 2001 more than 50 participants Center, Ephrem Hassen said the representing various NGOs. Copyright © 2001 The Daily over 10 million Ethiopian The House endorsed over 280 households found in rural areas million birr in supplementary Monitor (allAfrica.com) have very little or no access to budget to cover the additional

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Äthiopien bestraft Landflucht Beethovenallee 4, 53173 Bonn, program gave him a real boost. E-Mail: [email protected], Internet: "I've always wanted to be a von Ärzten www.priub.org professional soccer player, but I Kurznachrichten aus "Der guess I'm going to have to Überblick", Ausgabe 3/2001, S. http://www.whatsupaddis.com/ compromise and be a high-tech 112 What's Up: A monthly newsletter executive." Balai is one of 52 Äthiopien geht rechtlich gegen from Addis Ababa (December eighth grade students chosen to Ärzte vor, die die Provinzen 2001) take part in a special science verlassen, um in den Städten BISHANGARI - ETHIOPIA’S program for Ethiopian-Israeli besser bezahlte Stellen FIRST ECOLODGE OPENS teenagers. The multi-year anzunehmen. Bereits 6 Mediziner Few destinations in Ethiopia offer program, which began in October sollen wegen Pflichtverletzung a glimpse of nature as untouched at the Weizmann Institute of unter Anklage gestellt worden as Bishangari, 235 kms south of Science, was initiated and is sein. Ein Sprecher des Addis Ababa. A peaceful natural funded by the Jewish Agency and Gesundheitsministeriums sagte, reserve on the shore of Lake the UJA Federation of New York. es sei unverantwortlich, dass sich Langano, Bishangari A similar program was launched Mediziner, deren Ausbildung dr encompasses 5 major ecological at the Technion in Haifa last year, Staat finanziert habe, aus der zones : beaches, wetlands, for 9th graders, which has already Verantwortung stehlen wollen. Die acacia scrub, dry pumice rock and helped many Ethiopian-born Regierung deutete aber an, dense natural forest, home to students begin fulfilling their Anreize wie Gehaltserhöhungen over 300 species of birds and potential. The new Weizmann und Zuschüsse für das diverse wildlife. Institute targets 8th grade pupils, medizinische Fachpersonal in This serene, isolated haven is the thus offering an additional year of Erwägung zu ziehen. Äthiopien ist setting for Bishangari Lodge, enrichment. eines der ärmsten Länder der Ethiopia’s first environmentally Balai immigrated to Israel with his Welt. Auf 100.000 Einwohner sound retreat. Constructed almost parents from Ethiopia's Gondar kamen - so der neueste UN- exclusively from natural materials, province five years ago. He lives Bericht für die menschliche Bishangari Lodge boasts an with his family in Lod. "The first Entwicklung - von 1992 bis 1995 environmentally sound bio-gas time I heard about this course lediglich 4 Ärzte und 8 plant for recycling waste into was when one of my teachers Krankenschwestern. energy, an open-air restaurant called me in for a meeting," he Die Ausgabe Dez. 2001 des EED covered by thick trees, a semi- recounted. "I thought I was going info widmet sich ausführlich der circular tree-bar constructed to be reprimanded for something. Situation in Eritrea. Der 1. Beitrag around a majestic old fig tree and But I was told I'd been chosen to beleuchtet die schwierige nine fully-equipped bungalows, attend the Weizmann program. It innenpolitische Lage, die derzeit with private bathrooms and gave me a great boost. My friends von heftigen verandahs. Each bungalow is set have been very envious." Auseinandersetzungen zwischen apart in thick foliage and faces the Talented youngsters learn what Regierung und Opposition lake, ensuring complete privacy. makes things tick at a special gekennzeichnet ist. Der 2. Aufsatz Ethiopian décor and scientific enrichment program beziffert die Schäden und die craftsmanship have been used initiated by the Jewish Agency volkswirtschaftlichen Einbußen throughout to enhance the natural and the UJA Federation of New nach dem Krieg mit Äthiopien und setting. A wide variety of York. The year-long program of informiert über den Stand der activities is catered for, ranging technological and scientific internationalen Hilfsbemühungen. from kayaking to bird watching, enrichment will bring the children - Herausgegeben von der and excursions into the nearby - from Yavne, Rishon LeZion, "Arbeitsstelle Frieden und forest or to destinations further Lod, Ramle and Beer Yaakov -- to Konfliktbearbeitung (Afrika)" im afield are also on offer. (And for the Weizmann Institute once a Auftrag des Evangelischen those who may need the odd week in the afternoon for tuition in Entwicklungsdienstes und Brot für contact with the outside world, all disciplines from math, biology, die Welt, Ulrich-von-Hassell-Str. telephone, fax and Internet chemistry and physics. Classes 76, 53123 Bonn, facilities are also available for all are taught by the prestigious E-Mail: lodge guests!) academy's postgraduate students. [email protected]; For more information about this Tutors will come to the pupils' Tel.: 0228-8101-2104; Fax: 0228- peaceful sanctuary, contact: schools on an additional 8101-160 Ecolodge afternoon each week. Some 78 Tel: 62 71 60/62 09 24 talented youngsters were initially Wegweiser Fax: 62 08 28 brought to a four day summer "Konfliktbearbeitung in P.O. Box 5790 camp at the Weizmann Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia several months ago. Of these, 52 Deutschland" Email: [email protected] were chosen by their schools to Der Wegweiser enthält eine participate in the program. Zusammenstellung von 95 Kobi Zena, age 22, is the program Organisationen mit den Volume 4, Issue 11 / Cheshvan, coordinator. He immigrated to Schwerpunkten Asyl / Migration, 5762 / November 2001 Israel in 1989 from Ethiopia. He is Umwelt, Frieden, Rassismus / Science Enrichment for a law student at the Rishon Antisemitismus, Gleichstellung LeZion College of Management. sowie Menschen-, Bürger- und Ethiopian-Israeli Teens Among the parents at the opening Grundrechte und kann kostenlos By Simon Griver ceremony of the Weizmann angefordert werden bei der Ovadia Balai, 14, said that being Institute program was Shai Arbeitsstelle Friedensforschung, chosen for the Weizmann Institute Demose from Lod whose son

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Yaakov was taking part in the people in Ethiopia, a ratio that is program. "We are very grateful," four times greater than the he said, "and I am sure that our average for sub-Saharan Africa (1 children will make the most of this bed per 1,600 people.) I thought opportunity." Yael Bentzon and Menelik would be bitter that so David Avram find that the study of many of his fellow medical school scientific subjects satisfies their graduates had left a country in curiosity. Other children taking such dire need of trained medical part in the course include Yael professionals. But he was Bentzon, 13, from Rishon LeZion surprisingly understanding. "If who immigrated to Israel from they can't even buy a change of Ethiopia five years ago. "I'm not shirt, support their families, how sure if I want to work in science," can you blame them?" he said. she said. "But I love learning the "The government does not place subject. It's fascinating seeing priority on health, as it does on, what makes things tick." 14 year say, defense. Literaturempfehlungen old David Avram from Rehovot Menelik said he earns 2,400 Birr who immigrated in 1992 (less than $300 USD) a month as Mit wachsender Begeisterung expressed similar sentiments. a government physician who Evangelische Christen in "I've always loved taking things teaches at Addis Ababa Äthiopien apart," he said. "Science satisfies University as an assistant Henning Uzar my curiosity." professor. That is after Ev.-luth. Missionswerk in specialization in surgery and Niedersachsen - Hermannsburg Ethiopian Doctors another year of training in Israel in 1998 pediatrics surgery. Menelik's main ISBN 3-87546-115-0 http://ethioguide.com/aa- financial source is a polyclinic he ethioguide/ethioguide/eg- Nach dem Ende der Militärdiktatur owns with four other people. They hat sich in Äthiopien ein wahrer news.htm (search >>doctors) treat about 1,000 patients a Sun, 13 Aug 2000 Aufbruch der Kirche vollzogen - month. He said doctors had to ganz im Sinne biblischer Why More and More Ethiopian fight to be able to also work in Doctors are Working Abroad Befreiungsüberlieferungen. Wer clinics because there is a law in heute in der Mekane-Yesus- It was a typical Sunday afternoon the Ethiopian constitution that at a friend's house in Addis -good Kirche an einem der überfüllten says that government doctors Gottesdienste teilnimmt, wird food, good company, a bunch of cannot work in private clinics, and hostesses, two pilots and one angesteckt von der Begeisterung that judges cannot be lawyers. einer jungen Gemeinde. Diese medical doctor. I zeroed in on "There is a clear conflict of him. What is it like to be a Begeisterung ist das Auffälligste interest with judges being an der beständig wachsenden physician in Ethiopia? lawyers, but not with government It's been 13 years since the evangelischen Christenheit in doctors working in private clinics," Äthiopien. Die 25 Artikel zeigen doctor, whom I will call Menelik, Menelik said. Until a few years graduated from medical school. Bilder einer dynamischen Kirche ago, doctors had to choose, so und entfalten eine Fülle von There were 55 graduates in his they chose to work in private batch. Only about 25 now remain Einblicken in die Wirklichkeit clinics in droves. So the missionarischen Dienstes und in the country. About 15 are in the government told them that it US and the others are in various Lebens unter Menschen einer would not change the law, but that fremden Kultur. Die über 20 countries around the world there would be an understanding including a number of African Autorinnen und Autoren vereint that they could work in both das leidenschaftliche Bemühen, countries such as South Africa, places. Botswana, Ivory Coast and den christlichen Glauben auf Source: Policy and Human ganzheitliche Weise Rwanda. In those African Resource Development Project, countries Ethiopian doctors can weiterzugeben, und das Ringen Ethiopia darum, die Empfänger der make about $3,000 USD a month. Study: Access to and supply of Medical school education is fully Botschaft zu achten und zu health facilities and services, verstehen. subsidized by the Ethiopian Addis Ababa, Government. Menelik estimated September 1996 that about 50 percent of Ethiopia's doctors leave to work in other countries. In 1995, the latest year Region Hospitals Beds Health Health Center Stations figures are available for, there Tigray 12 860 14 141 were 1020 doctors in Addis Ababa, 1,189 in other urban Afa 2 60 4 34 Amhara 11 1289 45 444 centers, and 469 in rural areas, according to the Ministry of Oromia 25 2293 63 845 Somali 3 255 7 66 Health. In a country of 60 million Benishangui 2 254 4 69 people, there are a total of 89 SENNP 9 816 34 424 hospitals, 9920 beds, 191 health Gambella 1 95 3 34 centers and 2,470 health centers. Harari 5 735 - 5 Dire Dawa 3 247 1 18 (See table below.) According to the Ethiopian Addis Abeba 16 3016 16 390 Total 89 9920 191 2470 Economic Association, there is one hospital bed for every 6,000 Distribution of Health Facilities by Region in Ethiopia

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discussed by the outside world. Paperback - 60 pages (December Beyond Aksum, Lalibela, and the 1, 1998) Blue Nile Falls are places, ruins, Commercial Data International, and sights seldom exposed to the Inc.; ISBN: 1583100695 world at large, John Graham's Book Description Ethiopia: Off the Beaten Trail Commercial Data International's takes you to these unseen gems. (CDI) Country Reviews are concise, up-to-date sources for www.amazon.com: political and economic information on the 190 nations defined by the U.S. State Department as 1) Faraway Home Independent States of the World, by Jane Kurtz, E.B. Lewis plus Serbia and Montenegro. In (Illustrator), Anne Davies (Editor) addition, data on Hong Kong and Shama Books Price: $12.80 Taiwan are included in the P.O.Box 8153 Reading level: Ages 4-8 Country Review for China. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia School & Library Binding - 32 Each Country Review begins with Telephone: 251-1-553959 pages (March 2000) an overview which provides key Fax: 251-1-551010; E-mail: Harcourt; ISBN: 0152000364 demographic and geographic [email protected] Editorial Reviews information as well as full color From Booklist regional and country maps by 1) Ethiopian Journeys: Travels Like Allen Say's Grandfather's Magellan Geographix. in Ethiopia 1969-72 Journey (1993), this picture book Government and political by Paul Henze captures the immigrant information is provided in a format amazon.com - Price: $25.00 experience when generations live which enables the Reader to get Paperback - 287 pages far apart and even happy family an overview of the organization of (September 7, 2001) life is mixed with longing for "back the various branches of the Shama Books; ISBN: home." Kurtz tells it from the point government, a brief summary of 1931253102 of view of Desta, a young African current political conditions, and a Book Description American girl whose father must list of current leaders, including a Ethiopia has always had a special return "home" to Ethiopia to visit biography of the head of fascination for travellers, but until his sick mother. Desta can't bear government/state. Economic the early part of the twentieth the parting, and as Daddy holds information, compiled and century much of the country was her close and tells her stories of condensed from a large number inaccessible to all but the hardiest his childhood, she comes to know of reliable sources, is presented in adventurers. In this exciting book how hard it is for him to be parted the Country Reviews in statistical Paul Henze evokes the last years from the place and people he left tables on key macroeconomic ! of what some might call a golden behind. Occasionally, the writing trends and economic sectors. The age, before the turmoil which is self-consciously poetic about economic data is organized in an engulfed Ethiopia in 1974. From "glimmering" sadness, but both easy-to-understand format. Wollo, Tigre, Arussi, and the the words and the pictures are Foreign investment conditions are Semiens, to Harar, Bale, and wonderfully specific about the also covered along with a capsule Gojjam, Ethiopian Journeys particular place Desta's father description of stock market explores the width and breadth of remembers. There are no generic trends, for those countries where this illusive country. Out of print images of "steamy Africa." Lewis' major stock markets exist, a for almost twenty-five years, this stunning, realistic watercolors listing of key enterprises. Also edition has a new introduction and move from loving close-ups of included is a summary of current includes new images in what has father and daughter inside their environmental issues, natural become a modern classic in comfortable house to double-page hazards, international Ethiopian travel literature. spreads of the Ethiopian environmental agreements, and, countryside, where the pink cloud for most countries, a table with of flamingos ripples up from the time trends in Greenhouse Gas 2) Ethiopia: Off the Beaten Trail lake and the hyenas, "strange emissions. by By John Graham coughing cry" can be heard in the amazon.com - Price: $25.00 night. The pictures show Desta Paperback - 342 pages rooted in her local American (September 7, 2001) school and neighborhood; it's also Shama Books; ISBN: clear that her father's images Aus dem Internet: 1931253110 enrich her life here, even as she Im Archiv der beiden Zeitschriften Book Description longs for his return. sind zahlreiche Beiträge über Ethiopia is a country of endless Hazel Rochman Äthiopien zu finden. stories and histories, many never heard outside this elusive country. http://www.der-ueberblick.de John Graham has tirelessly 2) Country Review, Ethiopia E-mail: traversed Ethiopia, and explored 1998/1999 [email protected] many nooks and crannies of this by Robert C. Kelly (Editor), Debra Redaktion der überblick ancient land. From the China Ewing (Editor), Stanton Doyle Postfach 30 55 90 Road to the most remote (Editor), Denise Youngblood 20317 Hamburg mountain monastery Mr Graham (Editor) has visited and documented those Price: $39.95 http://www.oneworld.at/suedwi parts of Ethiopia rarely seen or nd.magazin/start.asp

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E-mail: Dire Dawa. In addition, we also Deployment of UN Mission on [email protected] wanted to encourage the schools Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE): Eigentümer und Herausgeber: that contributed to this The United Nations Mission in Verein Südwind - commendable achivement and Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) Entwicklungspolitik, hence gave them a thank you disclosed that Eritrean Defense früher Österreichischer certificate as well. Next year, Forces (EDF) had detained a Informationsdienst für DDTF will recognize and award team of UN military observers Entwicklungspolitik the best teacher and head master near Assab port. Speaking to Laudongasse 40, 1080 Wien in Dire Dawa for the first time -- journalists at a press conference Tel. 405 55 15; Fax: 405 55 19 an award that will continue every in Addis Ababa, the deputy three years. We are designing spokeswoman of UNMEE, Angela selection parameters and Walker, said that the detained modalities of panels to be were released two and-a-half involved. hours later after their release was Heißer Tip DDTF now wants also to negotiated with the EDF. She did strengthen the knowledge base in not indicate the number of für Internet Surfer Dire Dawa by making learning detained observers and the and teaching resources available reasons that led to their detention www.anythingonethiopia.com for teachers and students. The by the EDF. Walker also said that ist ein tolles Portal für Äthiopien - mechanism the Board approved is UNMEE patrol has continued to Interessierte. Da gibt´s aktuelle through the "ONE BOOK FOR face restrictions of freedom of Nachrichten und Kommentare zu DIRE DAWA INITIATIVE". The movement in the central sector den unterschiedlichsten Board of Directors decided to and in the areas adjacent to the Bereichen, Einkaufsangebote, make the first purchase of books northern areas of the Temporary Musik, Links und offensichtlich and send to Dire Dawa Central Security Zone (Daily Monitor, auch einen Chat-Raum (nein, kein Public Library -- a recently Nov. 10-11). Chat zum kauen!) established reading center with Der Clou ist aber, daß dort ein little books for a population of about 350,000. DDTF's appeal is Border and Compensation Link gelegt ist, sodaß man über Commission : Internet das aktuelle Amharische that any volunteer could purchase The Ethiopian Democratic Union Programm der "Deutschen Welle" and send a book directly to the (EDU) has said that the hören kann. Und auch "Voice of reading center covering all cost by International Court of Justice at America" ist dort zu hören: self. We are kindly asking The Hague, expected to resolve www.anythingonethiopia.com/aoe everybody to support this initiative the current Ethio-Eritrean d/home.asp# and also if possible, provide us with address of individuals and / problems next February, should consider a number of issues to or organizations which may do so. The following is an indicative list arbitrate on behalf of Ethiopia. One Book for Dire Dawa of Books that may be of help for Ethiopia’s claims should not be Initiative, 27 Nov. 2001 Dire Dawa. limited only to Badme, Shiraro, High School: maths, english Zalambessa, Alitena and Bure.

grammar / dictionary, physics, These areas, it said, were gained Girma Hailu chemistry, biology, geograhy, through the sacrifices of [email protected] history, home economics. Ethiopia’s children. It said that the www.msnhomepages.talkcity.com College level: agriculture, EPRDF government should also /librarylawn/Sidad53/TFDD.html biochemistry, college include Shelalo and Sheshebit as

mathematics, english, sociology, Ethiopian territory since there is The Dire Dawa Trust Fund law, psychology, philosophy, evidence to prove this. Ethiopia (DDTF) is a local association accounting, management, should also demand the port of legally established in June 2001 banking, marketing, secretarial Assab as its rightful outlet to the by friends of Dire Dawa. The sciences, etc. sea, EDU stated (Mebrek, Dec. objective of the Association is to The address to send to is: 27). support development efforts in Education and Culture The Ethio-Eritrea border issue will Dire Dawa through catalytic Department, Public Central get a final ruling late in February interventions in the areas of Library next year, a spokesperson of the education, health, community, P.O.Box 232, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Ministry of Foreign Affairs sports, culture and environment. announced. During its stay in The DDTF is just a group of volunteer Hague, the Ethiopian Ethiopian individuals / professionals / delegation led by Foreign Minister business men who have good will Seyoum Mesfin made a strong and expertise that may somehow Nachrichten presentation on Ethiopia’s border be useful and contribute to this Auszüge aus: ETHIOPIA Seven claim based on the documents reasonable cause. Last Days Update presented earlier. During his September, DDTF gave the first Waag Communications News Digest presentation, Foreign Minister award of excellence for education Service Addis Ababa Seyoum made it clear that (certificate and local leather bag / zusammengestellt von Harmen Ethiopia’s border claim was brief case) for students that Storck justified and that the areas scored 4 straight As, about 23 of claimed by Eritrea were Ethiopian them 3 female and 20 male hard territory administered by Ethiopia. working students. This is the first The spokesperson said that given time (23 / 4s) in the long history of 1. Conflict with Eritrea the tangible and detailed proofs

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presented by Ethiopia, there was February 2002. Ali Sayyid Meanwhile, Eritrea has been busy firm belief that the final ruling Abdallah told that the verdict training its soldiers by would ensure Ethiopia’s national would grant no right of appeal and consolidating the Sawa military interest. The final ruling will be would therefore be binding. The training centers. Eritrea has also disclosed in written form and on border commission, which is secured an SU fighter plane and maps after which the delineation made up of five representatives reinforced its Air Force process will start, the (two nominated by either side and capabilities. In addition, it has spokesperson said (Radio one neutral member) is due to continued training Eritrean armed Ethiopia, Dec. 24). hold a meeting in the Hague, groups whom it hopes would Five opposition political Netherlands, the second week of destabilize Ethiopia. Accordingly, organizations plan to appeal to December. The body is charged Eritrea is training members of the the United Nations concerning the with achieving a resolution of the OLF, Somalia and Sidama need to include Ethiopia’s right to demarcation of the contested liberation movements in Sawa access to the sea and the issue of border which led Ethiopia and (Reporter, Dec. 3). the Afars in the Ethio-Eritrean Eritrea to fight a two-year war Eritrean forces supported by peace agreement. The five (IRIN, Dec. 3). tanks, heavy artillery and anti- organizations are the Council for aircraft missiles had seized key Alternative Forces for Peace and Ethiopians there, Eritreans here: Ethiopian border areas after Democracy (CAFPDE) in The UN Security Council has crossing the Mereb River, Ethiopia, the Ethiopian called on Ethiopia and Eritrea to according to the private Tigrigna Democratic Party (EDP), the immediately release all the war newspaper Wegahta. Ethiopian Democratic Union and and civilian prisoners they are Eyewitnesses told “Wegahta” that the Oromo Peoples’ Congress. In holding. The Council also urged Eritrean troops took full control of a statement it said the EPRDF both countries to provide the Deda and Sheshebit districts in has not submitted to the Border necessary humanitarian Ethiopia (Poletica, Nov. 26). Commission any demand to have assistance to the prisoners A Reuters report indicated that access to the sea. It did not also without any discrimination as to the United Nations said on raise the issue of the right of the their background. It also asked Thursday it had seen no Afar people to own Assab (Tobia, both sides to build a bridge of evidence to support Ethiopian Dec. 20). mutual cooperation (VOA, Jan. allegations that Eritrea was Foreign Minister Seyoum Mesfin 18). massing troops on the disputed said that Ethiopia expects the border between the two Border Commission, charged with neighbors. Ethiopia told the UN the task of demarcating the Mobilisation, Tensions: Security Council last week that border between Eritrea and The government has issued a Eritrea threatened to unleash a Ethiopia, will rule only on the new circular to kebele new round of fighting by basis of international laws and administrations requiring any deploying nearly 30,000 troops in treaties as stated in the Algiers Ethiopian who completed 6th the buffer zone set up to end their Peace Accord. Ato Seyoum said grade and above and between the 1998-2000 border war (Daily that the Eritrean government had ages of 18 to 25 to register for Monitor, Nov. 23). chosen to depend on maps military conscription. The new directive has been officially prepared by colonial Italy and Land Mines: those prepared by the Ethiopian posted in some kebeles. The Government to justify its claims of directive says volunteers would 35 people have been killed or territory. - However, he added, the be paid up to 600 birr in salary. maimed by landmines in the Afar maps that had been prepared by Observers said the EPRDF Regional State in the last three months. Large scale demining Italy, when Eritrea was its colony, government has been forced to reflect the unilateral interest of the raise the salary scale of the programs and mine awareness colonial power, and could not would-be soldiers in order to education activities are being serve as an authorized attract more conscripts, as it is carried out in both Ethiopia and Eritrea to clear the areas and international boundary. now desperate for more soldiers Concerning maps prepared by to meet the challenges of war on sensitize the people living in successive Ethiopian two fronts - Eritrea and Somalia areas affected where mines were governments, Ato Seyoum said (Netsanet, Dec. 11). laid during the 2 year border war fought between the two countries they were not only duplications of A number of key military the maps of colonial Italy but that commanders have been sent to (IRIN, Dec. 10). they had also served as internal the northern front in the wake of The Government of Germany will administrative borders with Eritrea the alleged Eritrean invasion. donate 1.32mio birr to finance an as an integral part of Ethiopia. According to informed sources, advance survey mission to the Ethiopia holds to international the commanders were sent at the planned landmine impact survey laws and the treaties it signed end of the long meetings in Addis for Ethiopia. A press release with Italy in 1900, 1902 and 1908 Ababa convened to discuss the issued by the German Embassy to support its position, Ato emergency situation (Nigat, Dec. in Addis Ababa said the landmine Seyoum said (Radio Ethiopia, 9). impact survey would be Dec. 19). According to the Ministry of conducted under the auspices of the Ethiopian Mine Action Office The Eritrean Foreign Minister has Defense, Ethiopia has been said that the Eritrea-Ethiopia reducing its troops after its victory (EMAO) (Radio Ethiopia, Nov. border commission will give its over Eritrea in the recent war. It is 22). final verdict on the demarcation of also planning to reduce more in the disputed border line in January and February.

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2. Economics, Finance, business men. Only businesses construction of a dam along the Commerce whose annual turnover is more Koga River in Mecha District of State Revenues, Budgets, than 500.000 birr will be liable for West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Economic Growth: VAT. VAT will have zero % rating State. The ADB loan will be paid According to the Economist on exporters to encourage the in 50 years with a low interest rate Intelligent Unit (EIU) Ethiopia will export trade (Entrepreneur, Dec. (Radio Ethiopia, Dec. 14). have an approximate 7% growth 6-12). The Government of Ethiopia and in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the African Development Bank in 2002 when compared to the Debts, Grants, Loans and Credits: (ADB) have signed an over global GDP growth of 1.4 %. An 11.7mio birr grant agreement 135mio US-$ loan and grant Despite Ethiopia’s positive was signed between the agreement for three projects. The economic forecast, a local governments of Ethiopia and projects include the upgrading of economic scholar says this should France. According to a press the Butajira-Hossana-Sodo road not necessarily be reason for release issued by the Ministry of and the master plan study of the jubilation. According to Dr. Finance and Economic Genale-Dawa Integrated Natural Tadesse Birru, an economics Development (MOFED), the grant Resources Development. Part of lecturer at Unity College, the will be used for the the money will go to support the forecast figure is not even close to implementation of the animal civil service reform program of the what the country needs - 10 % - in products project, and to support country (State media, Nov. 20). order to sustain current living legal reform in Ethiopia (State The Ministry of Finance and standards. - According to media, Jan. 15). Economic Development today Tadesse, the current living A loan by the World Bank, announced that Ethiopia’s foreign standards in the country are a lot amounting to 355mio $, is to be debt had gone down to 5.6 billion worse than they were 40 years channeled towards funding USD. Ethiopia’s debt in July 1999 ago. He said that in the Economic development projects that the had stood at 10.2 billion. 80% of Freedom Index, Ethiopia is listed Ethiopian government plans to the money Ethiopia had owed to among the ranks of highly implement as part of its economic the former USSR had been restricted economies. The development program. The canceled through the Paris Club government should liberalize the government intends to employ the agreement after the Russian market in order to bring about bank’s lending to finance the Federation joined the club. The sustainable development, he said. country’s road network expansion, 20% balance had been ni cluded Ethiopia had a 4.1% growth in food security program, in debt relief and reshuffled as GDP in 2001 (Fortune, Dec. 30). conservation and management of decided by the Paris Club The Federal Revenue Minister cultural heritage and capacity member countries in the Naples has disclosed that Ethiopians building of public sector Term Agreement. Currently, returning home at the end of their management at federal and Ethiopia’s total debt amounts to studies or official assignments regional levels. The largest 5.2 billion U-$. It owes 3.1 billion abroad and those returning from proportion of the loan, 250mio $, US-$ to international exile, can now enjoy duty free will be used as part of the four organizations, 1.6 billion US-$ to privileges on selected items. The billion birr fund assistance the Paris Club member countries, items listed as untaxable are 73, government is seeking from and 0.6 billion US-$ to debtor including cars, satellite dishes, creditors to shift to the second countries out of the club and computers. Ethiopians who phase of its 10-year road sector membership. The amount wish to bring home property for development program. The first expected of Ethiopia in debt investment in the country can also phase of the road program, which servicing to commercial debtors benefit from this privilege (Radio was launched three years ago, is dwindled to 100mio $ after the Ethiopia, Dec. 15). expected to be completed in June country was relieved of 80% of The Federal Ministry of Revenue 2002. The components of the the total through debt is to introduce Value Added Tax second phase involve the cancellation (state media, Nov. (VAT) in January 2002. Members rehabilitation of 77 km main 23). of the Addis Ababa Chamber of roads, the upgrading of 931 km of The Italian Development Commerce (AACC) were briefed main roads, and the construction Cooperation (IDC) disclosed that about the essence of the new of 237 km of new and 229 km of it had recently allocated close to type of tax by legal and tax rural roads (Fortune, Dec. 23). 150mio Euros for various experts from the Ministry of Ethiopia and Canada have signed development activities in Ethiopia Finance and Economic a memorandum of understanding for three years. The director, Mr. Development and the Ministry of for a grant of 65mio birr. The main Mauro Ghirotti, said that currently, Revenue (State media, Dec. 4). purpose of the grant is to increase IDC is undertaking various VAT will enable the government agricultural production through programs in rural development, to collect taxes on every improved water management in health, education and transaction of a given product Amhara State. The project will be infrastructure in Benishangul, where value is added at each implemented over a period of six Wello, Tigrai, Somali and Afar. He stage of transaction. The new tax years (ENA, Dec. 24). also said that the recent Ethiopian enhances the income of the Poverty Reduction Strategy paper More loans were approved by the (PRSP) would help the government but it may produce Council of Ministers with the adverse effects towards the Cooperation strengthen its ratification of a 49.3mio $ loan activities in the future. He general public as it raise prices of agreement signed between the consumer goods, further indicated that IDC is currently Federal Government and the making preparations to implement devaluing the purchasing power African Development Bank (ADB). projects related to livestock of the birr, according to some The loan will be used for the

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development in the Horn of Africa consists of credits guaranteed by that Ethiopia might also get some (Daily Monitor, Nov. 16). the German Government financial support for this from the Ethiopia has received a debt including those secured from the U.S. Meanwhile, Eritrea is also cancellation of 1.9 billion USD, former German Democratic securing large quantities of arms the Ministry of Finance and Republic (GDR) and claims of the and weapons from Arab countries Economic Development previous rescheduling where it is also training military announced. The ministry said agreements. A major part of this personnel (Genanaw, Jan. 2). Ethiopia was to pay the debt to debt has been cancelled and the Moscow Times has reported that financial institutions, donors and remaining rescheduled. As a Ethiopia has made an agreement creditors over the next twenty result, Ethiopia’s debt to Germany with Russia to buy 10mio USD years. The World Bank (WB) and has been reduced by more than worth of weapons. The report said the International Monetary Fund half to approximately 25mio DM that both Ethiopia and Eritrea (IMF) announced on Monday that (state media, Nov. 2). have renewed their relations of Ethiopia had taken the necessary cooperation with Russia now that steps to qualify under the Heavily Foreign Trade: the UN has lifted a ban on arms Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) According to the International sales to both countries. Ethiopia initiative. Ethiopia is one of the 24 Coffee Organization, world coffee has already signed an arms deal countries which have qualified for prices have reached a 30-year while Eritrea is in the process of debt relief under the initiative’s low, having declined by more than doing so. Both countries are enhanced framework. The HIPC 70 % in the last four years alone. reportedly interested in buying debt relief from all of Ethiopia’s This is largely due to an excess fighter jets and helicopters creditors will amount to 47% of its supply of coffee consistently (Menelik, Dec. 28). total official external debt after outstripping consumption. Over The Livestock Marketing Authority traditional debt relief the last three years, Ethiopia has has revealed that Ethiopia was (corresponding to 1.9 billion USD lost almost US $167mio in export losing about 700mio birr annually in debt service relief over time), revenues as a result of the slump due to illegal trade in live animals, the report said. The resources in coffee prices – an amount hides and skin across the borders made available by debt relief equivalent to almost half the with neighboring countries. provided under the HIPC initiative Ethiopia is the biggest livestock country’s annual export earnings th will be allocated to key anti- (State media, Jan. 23). producer in Africa, and 25 poverty programs, which were worldwide, with 35 mio heads of outlined in Ethiopia’s interim Tsegaye Berhane, general manager of the state-owned cattle, 18.9 mio goats, 24 mio poverty reduction strategy paper. sheep and 53 mio poultry. But, Poverty targeted expenditures Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority, said the country despite this, it is the neighboring were projected to increase countries which are amassing steadily from 10.9% of GDP in exported only 28,924 tons of coffee during the first four months fortunes through illicit live animal 2000/2001 to 14.7% in 2001/2002 of the selling season and earned trade from Ethiopia, the authority and 15.5% in 2002/2003, the said. Animals and animal report said (ENA, Nov. 13). 47mio $. The income generated and the volume exported this year products are mainly smuggled to The African Development Fund was less by 40% and 31% Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea (ADF) has approved a second respectively compared with the and Yemen (Daily Monitor, Nov. structural adjustment loan (SALII) same period last year, (Fortune, 15). amounting to 60mio Units of Dec. 30). Ethiopia plans to export more Accounts - approximately US President Bush has renewed for than 130,000 quintals of sugar to $77.34mio - to assist Ethiopia to European markets this Ethiopian implement the reform program another year the eligibility of 35 African countries for tariff calendar year by making use of outlined in its Interim Poverty the opportunity to export Reduction Strategy Paper (I- preferences on exports to the United States. The White House Ethiopian goods free of tax and PRSP). According to a release by without quota limits, the Minister the African Development Bank announced Wednesday that the renewal reflects the continued of Trade and Industry said. The Communications Unit, the Ministry will also identify and objective of the reform program is progress made in these countries toward a market-based economy, encourage prospective textile and to promote equitable growth and garment exports to make effective poverty reduction, and to achieve the rule of law, free trade and economic policies that will reduce use of the African Growth the international development poverty and protect workers’ Opportunity Act (AGOA), which, goals, aimed at reducing by half the minister said, gives Ethiopia the number of people living in rights. Ethiopia is one of the eligible countries (VOA, Jan. 3). the chance to export the products poverty by 2015 (Radio Ethiopia, to the U.S. tax free and without Nov. 8). Ethiopia has started making quota limits for the next eight An agreement was signed with further arms deals with a number years (state media, Nov. 15). Germany providing for the of countries soon after its arms sales agreement with Russia. reduction and rescheduling of Reliable sources have said Investment and Investment Ethiopia’s 24mio USD debt. The Policy: agreement is based on the Ethiopia is negotiating with China economic reform program agreed and Belgium from where it had The president of Addis Ababa City secured huge arms during the Administration, Ato Ali Abdo, had between the IMF and Ethiopia as well as the Agreed Minutes previous war with Eritrea. announced the withdrawal of the between Ethiopia and the Paris According to the sources, Ethiopia Malaysian company, Adorna Club creditors on April 5, 2001. is trying to obtain the weapons it Shebele, from investing a large needs both for the Eritrean and amount of money in the largest The 53.2mio DM agreement Somali wars. The sources added open market in Africa - Merkato.

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Adorna Shebele, had planned to million birr, for Ethiopia’s coffee Fund (ESRDF) has said that it build a supermarket and shopping sector. The project comes as part has completed 2,615 projects in center in Merkato two years ago of a move to assist the sector the last 5 years. In a statement to but refrained from moving to the with the current crisis. The the press, ESRDF general next phase. Ato Ali said that the allocated fund will be provided in manager with the rank of minister, city administration was very keen the form of a comprehensive Dr. Assefa Abraha, said 36 % of on the project which would have package that involves giving the projects are water supply changed part of Merkato into a support to the marketing of coffee projects. The fund has finalized modern shopping center. through the improvement of the first phase of its work and is However, he said, during production. The EU’s Country about to launch the second round negotiations, Adorna Shebele Strategy Paper for Ethiopia, program. ESRDF is one of the demanded a commitment of involving 500mio Euros worth of poverty alleviation programs 20mio USD from the city aid projects to be implemented launched by the government administration for the cost of from 2002-2007, was approved (Tobia, Jan. 10). construction for the many small- by EU countries in Brussels. 50% About 40 local institutions in six scale businesses and private of the fund will go to the states have benefited from a two- houses that were to be destroyed transportation sector, 25% to year voluntary service of foreign to give way to the project (Capital, economic reform, 15% to food nationals sponsored by Voluntary Dec. 30). security and 5% to support good Service Overseas (VSO), a A tripartite joint venture between governance and strength civil London-based non-governmental two Chinese companies, China society (Entrepreneur, Dec. 20- international development Water Resources and China 26). agency. The director of VSO- Gwangozoo, and a local The African Development Fund Ethiopia, John Drysdale, said that company, Sur Construction, has (ADF) has approved a Technical 71 volunteers from ten different offered 1.9bio birr to build the Assistance Fund grant of 663,540 nationalities are currently working Tekeze hydroelectric power USD to finance the capacity in various organizations and project. Three joint ventures, building of the Ministry of Finance institutions in Tigrai, Oromiya, formed by a total of seven and Economic Development. The Amhara, Gambella, Benishangul- construction companies, have objective of the project is to build Gumuz and Southern Peoples’ participated in the long awaited the project implementation states. The majority of the tender to take over the colossal capacity of the relevant federal volunteers are working in job of constructing the planned ministries and the state bureaus education. Most of the VSO 180-meters dam on the Tekeze so that government organs could volunteers working in Ethiopia River, located in Tigrai State. The effectively coordinate, implement come from Britain, and the rest barricade will shelter a power and monitor the development are from France, Spain Holland, plant with a capacity to generate projects. The projects include the Sweden, Denmark, America, 300MW of electric power. The training of about 1,080 staff of the Canada and the Philippines (ETV, lowest offer of the bid, 1,938mio Ministries of Health, Education, Dec. 29). birr, came from the joint venture Agriculture, Water Resources and The Amhara Development created by three companies Finance as well as of bureaus in Association (ADA) has (Fortune, Dec. 9). nine states and two undertaken various development administrations on procurement, projects in Amhara State at a cost Technical Asistance, disbursement and monitoring of over 80.9mio birr over the last Development Projects: (ENA, Dec. 12). four years. The projects ni cluded The Ministry of Finance and Germany had announced that it the construction of health and Economic Development (MoFED) would provide 222mio birr for education facilities, infrastructure and the United Nations Children’s Ethiopia’s economic and social and capacity building activities. Fund (UNICEF) signed a development for the year 2001. The head of the Amhara State 140.5mio USD cooperation This, it was said, was the result of Council said that ADA would agreement. According to the the Ethio-German negotiations mobilize Amharas in the country agreement, UNICEF will make the which took place on Oct. 29/30 in to enhance their contribution in money available during the Bonn. The support package will the development endeavors of the coming five years (2002-2006). include projects in the sustainable State (Radio Ethiopia, Dec. 22). State Minister of MoFED, Dr. use of national resources for The Catholic Relief Service Mulu Ketsela, said that the improved food security, capacity Ethiopia (CRS), a U.S.-based cooperation agreement was building in government and international NGO disclosed that it based on government policies administration, vocational training is undertaking various and priorities, and focused on as well as additional funding for development programs in health and nutrition, mother and the Addis Ababa-Gedo road Ethiopia, valued at over 60mio childcare, as well as on basic project. Ac cording to the embassy birr. The implementation of the education. 84 % of the funds have release, Ethiopia is a priority projects began in Oct. 2001 and been allocated for states, 10 % for country for German development will be carried out until Sep. 2002. relevant federal coordinating cooperation. The total volume of The projects are currently carried bodies and the rest for the Addis German support for Ethiopia out in East Harerge and East Ababa City Administration (ETV, amounts to 3.7 billion birr (State Shoa zones of Oromiya Region, Jan. 8). media, Oct. 31). East Tigrai Zone, Dire Dawa, The European Union has Harar and Addis Ababa (Monitor, approved a new project NGOs: Dec. 22). amounting to 15mio Euros, The Ethiopian Social Preparations are underway to equivalent to more than 110 Rehabilitation and Development introduce a new NGO Legislation

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in year 2002 in Ethiopia. Only 20 % of the Ethiopian would be improved from 70 years Speaking at the closing population has access to modern to 80 years for first class plots in ceremony of the first Regional transport systems while the first class towns and from 60 NGO Day 2001 in Awassa, Ato remaining 80 % still use donkeys, years to 80 years for real estate Kebede Asrat, Executive Director mules or travel by foot. According development plots, he said. of Christian Relief and the head of the public relations Investors in the state will get a 1-3 Development Association and information department of the year grace period and urban plots (CRDA) said that the new NGO Ethiopian Roads Authority, this is in some towns would also be legislation would introduce a due to the lack of adequate road provided lease-free(Radio more streamlined regulatory transport systems and the low Ethiopia, Dec. 26). framework to further the work and level of the national economy In good news for civil servants, growth of NGOs in Ethiopia (Daily (Ethiopia Zare, Jan. 6). the Council of Ministers has Monitor, Dec.19). The 185 km. Azezo-Metema road endorsed the bill providing for the that links Ethiopia with Sudan will salary restructuring of the civil Privatisation: be opened later this year. Sur service. The bill will be effective The Ethiopian Privatization Construction, which is building the as of January 2002. It provides Agency (EPA) has completed road, said it would complete the for salary increments to arrangements to privatize 110 construction by next March. For government appointees, civil state-owned enterprises from year its part, the Ethiopian Roads servants and managers. An 2002-2003. The General Manager Authority said it would finalize additional annual budget of about of the Ethiopian Investment everything by June. The Ethiopian 700mio birr is needed to effect the Authority (EIA), said that the government has allocated 102mio salary increment. Part of this agency has so far privatized more birr for the road project (Abiotawi budget will go for subsidy for than 200 enterprises sold to Democracy, Dec. 19-26). salary increments for civil Ethiopian and foreign investors. servants in the states. The 1.85 The agency sold 98 % ownership Other Issues: billion birr supplementary budget of one enterprise for 20 years will be effective after approval by A new government office will be the House of Representatives while another enterprise was opened in order to review the (state media, Nov. 23). leased. - He disclosed that 1,890 resolution on the land lease investors are currently policy, Abay Tsehaye, Minister of The House of Peoples’ undertaking various development Federal Affairs, said. Within one Representatives has approved a projects with a capital of 15 billion year, the new office will devise 200 birr minimum wage for birr in different parts of the long-lasting solutions to the employees in the civil service. country (Daily Monitor, Jan. 3). problems in real estate The House endorsed over 280mio development, taxation and other birr in supplementary budget to cover the additional government Transport and Communication: urban planning issues, he said. The resolution, drafted by the expenditure ensuing from the The high-level delegation that salary adjustment. The went to Djibouti last month had Land Lease Office, the Addis Ababa City Administration and the adjustment was approved on something unusual to propose to Tuesday, after the House took Ismael Omar Guelleh, president Ministry of Federal Affairs, along with participants from regional note of the rising cost of living in of the Republic of Djibouti. The Ethiopia and the increasing Ethiopian delegation gave the states and investors, addressed various urban planning issues. number of civil servants quitting to president a written proposal seek better paying jobs in the asking his government to consider Some of the main suggestions include the need for a housing private sector. The current two offers from Ethiopia. They minimum wage in the civil service proposed that Ethiopia be given and urban planning policy. that lease should be made affordable, is 105 birr (Monitor, Nov. 5). about 49 % of the stake with the administration that controls the that all lease be extended for a Port of Djibouti and has been term of 99 years, that the 3. Agriculture, Food Aid, Drought running the port until the Dubai auctioning of land be fair and that Port International came to take there be communication between Extension: over the management in a 20- landholders and the government The president of Oromiya State year concession in 1999. The when land is expropriated for has said that the formulation of an second offer put on the table was development purposes institutional framework that deals the option of giving Ethiopia its (Entrepreneur, Dec. 27-Jan. 2). with pastoral affairs and the own space within the port that it The president of Oromiya State, economy should be given much would use and operate Ato Junedin Sado, said that the attention in order to involve independently paying certain fees Oromiya State Administration lowlanders in the country’s to Djibouti. These offers are said would implement the state’s development endeavors. to have been turned down by revised lease policy and Ethiopian pastoralists have been President Ismael Guelleh investment incentives after three neglected as marginal groups, he (Fortune, Jan. 13). weeks. He declared that said, adding that it is now time to Prime Minister Meles has improvements have been made give more attention to the problem travelled to Port Sudan on the on advance payment, lease tariff of pastoralists and livestock Red Sea on Tuesday to and grace period as well as in the development in the arid lowlands inaugurate port facilities and a disbursement of lease money. of Oromiya (Radio Ethiopia, Jan. duty free zone for the transport of Accordingly, the existing 25 % 22). goods and Sudanese oil to advance payment would be totally The Ministry of Agriculture has Ethiopia (Daily Monitor, Jan. 10). lifted and the duration for the said the number of farmers in the disbursement of lease money

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agricultural extension program the forecast 4.2 mio q. The fall is Biology Department of AAU told had risen from 36,600 in 1995 to attributed to erratic rainfall, Walta that the research is on the 3.8 million in 2000/2001. Ato flooding, hailstorm, pest and reproduction of prunus africanus Belay Ejigu said this was because weed infestations that affected (tikur inchet), erythrina abesinica of the introduction of improved 177,332 hectares of farmland in (korch), syzygium guineenese agricultural techniques and the the zone (Walta Information (dokma), fig tree (shola), concerted efforts of agricultural Center, Dec. 14). juniperus procera (yeabesha tsid) institutions. (Radio Ethiopia, Nov. The Disaster Prevention and and olive tree (woira). According 19). Preparedness Commission to Dr. Legesse, the research has disclosed that about 35,856 mt of discovered the reproduction of Drought, Flood, Famine and Food relief grain and over 11mio birr for podocarpo (zigba), cardia africana Aid: transportation costs had been (wanza), hygenia abesinica (kosso), juniperus procera, The Assistance Requirements obtained from donor countries over the last quarter of the year mullettia ferruginea (birbira), the and Implementation Strategy for varieties of acacia abesinica the year 2002 was launched on for drought affected people in the country. The commission’s (girar) and olive tree (Radio Wednesday. The strategy was Ethiopia, Jan. 19). initiated by the Disaster quarterly report indicated that Prevention and Preparedness what was acquired was 60% of Wild fires, which in 2000 caused Commission (DPPC) and the required amount. The more than 39m US$ of damage in designed by a technical commission said women the southern Bale and Borena committee comprising constituted 49% of the recipients regions alone, have destroyed government representatives, in Amhara, Oromiya, and many of the forested areas of the donors, the UN and NGOs. The Southern Peoples’ states. The country. “Ethiopia is one of the document disclosed that some 5.2 commission also obtained over biodiversity hot spots of the million people are in need of relief 25,154 mt of relief grain and world,” geographer Eve Guinandi, food. Commissioner Simon 34mio birr in cash for people who helped compile the report, Mechale said that the recurrent displaced by the Eritrean war told IRIN. “It is the home of coffee. drought was caused not only by (ENA, Dec. 5). There are many indigenous lack of rain but also by species and plants. There are underdevelopment and capacity Other Issues: trees that only exist there. But all limitation. Ato Simon said that the these could be lost forever. What Experts from the International a fire may destroy in minutes may recent estimate shows that about Coffee Organization have carried be impossible – or may take 427,215 MT of food relief is out the first phase of a study to needed for the acute and chronic hundreds of years – to replace confirm that Ethiopia is producing (IRIN). needs in 2002 (State media, organic coffee, according to the Jan.23). Coffee and Tea Authority. The Sorene, one of the Ethiopian A Reuters report indicated that country is expected to be certified endemic birds, is on the verge of over two million drought affected as a producer of organic coffee extinction, the Amhara state people in northern and eastern this year. More than 80% of the agriculture bureau said. The Ethiopia will need food aid starting 250,000 tons of coffee the country expert attributed the precarious next month, relief officials said. A produces annually is organic, condition of the bird to the ever- crop assessment mission because most of the country’s increasing hunting of birds for including officials from the UN farmers grow coffee without using medicinal purposes. Another World Food Program had agricultural inputs such as reason, he said, was the confirmed food shortages there. fertilizer and pesticides. The destruction of the bird’s habitat The assessment mission has country’s organic coffee, however, due to the clearing of forests for concluded that over 800,000 has never been officially certified farming and the construction of residents of Gode, Korahe and as being organic (Entrepreneur, residential units. He said Sorene Warder in needed a Jan. 3-9). is currently found in North Shoa and North Gonder zones of monthly provision of around A senior researcher has 12,000 tons of grain for the Amhara State. The bureau and recommended that policy the Ethiopian Natural Resources coming 6 months. Residents of measures be taken to stabilize the region’s Jijiga, Shinile, History Association are maize prices which have been distributing posters bearing the Degehabour, Liben and Fik zones falling recently. The researcher, Dr. picture of the bird in order to save needed a similar assistance (Daily Aberra Deressa, warned that Monitor, Jan. 7). the species from extinction (ENA, unless price stabilization is Dec. 27). The South Wello Zone Disaster effected, farmers may give up Prevention and Preparedness growing the crop. He said the price Department in Amhara State said of a quintal of maize had fallen out of the 600,000 people sharply to two or three birr (ENA, 4. Tourism affected by food shortage in the Nov. 11). The Ethiopian Security and zone, 302,181 were in need of Immigration Affairs Authority has emergency relief food assistance disclosed that it has introduced a for the coming nine months. A Environment: new visa delivery mechanism crop assessment study indicated through which nationals of 33 Addis Ababa University (AAU) is that acute food shortages due to main tourist-generating countries the predicated sharp fall in crop undertaking research on six types could collect Ethiopian tourist visa harvest this year would affect the of indigenous trees which are said upon arrival at Bole Airport. The people. This year’s harvest will to be on the verge of extinction. new directive is aimed at Dr. Legesse Negash from the drop by over 1.1 mio q against promoting . It

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was said that it would also the total disintegration of Somalia witnesses, lightly armed police remove bureaucratic bottlenecks (Ze-Press, Dec. 13). shut down the offices and against the development of the One of Somalia’s numerous apprehended some people from tourist industry. The eligible 33 armed factions on Monday offered the office of Al-Barakaat, which countries are: Argentina, its help in the international war operates near the Rwanda Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, against terrorism by inviting Embassy where Ethiopian Canada, China, Denmark, coalition forces to use its bases Somalis and Somalis are Finland, France, Germany, and men. The RRA would concentrated. Whether they were Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, welcome in its fiefdom of Bay and taken for questioning or formally Japan, Korea Republic, Kuwait, Bakol region outside military arrested, it is not known. A staff Luxembourg, Mexico, forces who are truly fighting reporter who approached the Al- Netherlands, New Zealand, terrorism, Mohammed Aden Ali Barakaat office found out that the Norway, Poland, Portugal, Qalinle, a top RRA told. He said building is being watched by Russian Federation, South Africa, the RRA has become aware of members of the federal police Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, local Islamic groups with links to (The Reporter, Nov. 14). Taiwan, United Kingdom and the international terrorists The United States (Walta Information Transitional National Government Elections, Government: Service, Jan. 16). (TNG) founded last year by the The National Electoral Board had TNA in Djibouti is a nest of said that seven political parties, religious extremists, said Qalinle, including the Southern Ethiopia who is also the governor of the People’s Democratic Union Bay region in south-central 5. Social, Cultural and Political (SEP-DU), the Council for Somalia (This Day, December Aspects Alternative Forces for Peace and 11). International Terrorism: Democracy in Ethiopia (CAFPDE) A Somali national suspected of and the Ethiopian Democratic Somali warlord Hussein Aideed having links with terrorist groups Party (EDP) were contesting for had warned that strikes in has been apprehended in front of seats in the council in the zonal Somalia against terrorist groups the Israeli embassy in Addis and district elections in South could be counterproductive by Ababa. The man known as Nur Ethiopia on Dec. 23 (State media, angering the people and turning Olad was caught while trying to Dec. 22). The Southern Ethiopia them into supporters of Al-Itihad enter the embassy to talk to People’s Democratic Union Al-Islamiya. Aideed claimed that embassy officials. A number of (SEDU) disclosed that it would not he was better placed militarily photographs, thousands of dollars participate in the elections in half than the Northern Alliance of were found in his wallet. The of the zones of the state. The 7 Afghanistan to deal with the identity of the photographs of candidates fielded by EDP in terrorists in a short time – Ethiopians he was holding has not Awassa zone have been provided he was given been disclosed (Tomar, Nov. 28). disqualified for not speaking the assistance. Mr. Aideed also As the second round of anti- language of the community (Addis claimed that he controlled most of terrorism war is about to be Admas, Dec. 22). Four days later, Somalia and accused leaders of launched in Somalia, Ethiopia has it was reported that election the Transitional National reportedly closed its borders with coordinators had said that Government (TNG), notably Somalia. The Ethiopian election results in Welaita, Arba President Abdulkassim Salat, of government has already closed Minch and Gurage zones had being major supporters of Al- down the Somali-operated Al- been officially declared. Itihad Al-Islamiya (Tomar, Dec. Barakaat money transfer Candidates fielded by the 25). company, which is suspected of EPRDF-affiliated Welaita People’s Ethiopia has dispatched its having close links with Osama bin Democratic Movement won the mechanized army to Somalia Laden’s Al-Qaeda movement. - elections in the Sodo Zuria, along two fronts. According to Meanwhile, Ethiopia has also Bolososore, Damotagale and Afa Finote Democracy Radio, the U.S. deployed a large number of its districts. The Gurage Zone and its supporters have already troops to southern and eastern Democratic Movement also won started preparations to attack Al- Ethiopia. In other news, over the elections in the 62 polling Qaeda and Al-Itihad terrorist 10,000 Somalis in Ethiopia have stations and the Gamo Gofa Zone organizations operating in been issued temporary ID cards. Democratic Organization was the Somalia (Netsebrak, Dec. 17). - In yet other news, a high-level winner in Arba Minch town (Radio A Somalia-based English- U.S. military delegation was in Ethiopia, Dec. 26). language newspaper has Addis Ababa for a working visit. The House of Peoples’ condemned Ethiopia for inciting The U.S. military delegation held Representatives has endorsed the U.S. to open a war campaign talks with officials of the Ministry the new 18-member cabinet of the on Somalia. Ayahama said the of Defence. The U.S. delegation government as presented by U.S. is targeting Somalia on the is reportedly drawing up a Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. The recommendations of Ethiopia strategy with Ethiopian officials on Prime Minister said that the which believes that Somalia is ways of starting the anti-terrorism ministers were selected on the harboring Moslem campaign in Somalia (Zarenew, basis of political competence and fundamentalists. Indicating that Nov. 17). professional efficiency, and ability Ethiopia is doing so to protect its A number of alleged “hawala” to implement the policy of the own interests, Ayahama’s article centers, in Addis Ababa ruling party. said Ethiopia fought three wars suspected of illegal money with Somalia in the last three transfer were closed down on Opposition-Related Issues: decades showing that it aims at Nov. 12. According to eye

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There have been renewed attacks The Ethiopian “tabot” or Foreign Minister Seyoum Mesfin against EPRDF forces in different representation of the Ark of the had said Ethiopia has requested parts of Oromiya where chaos Covenant, in Edinburgh, Scotland, the Italian Government to respect and instability have long been the will be handed over to Ethiopia. the agreement it signed to return rule of the day because of armed The Ethiopian delegation, led by the Axum Obelisk looted by Oromo insurgency. According to Archbishop Issayas, and a Mussolini’s Fascist forces. Prime reports from Oromiya State, representative of the Ethiopian Minister Meles Zenawi has written armed clashes have been Embassy in London, is expected an open letter to his Italian reported between government to arrive at Waverly Station, counterpart, Silvio Berlusconi, to troops and unidentified armed Edinburgh, on Jan. 28, and will this effect, he said. Ato Seyoum insurgents in Nekempte and attend an official ceremony at the said a comprehensive study had Ambo towns. Reliable sources Edinburgh City Chamber (Addis been conducted to enable have said that OLF forces may Tribune, Jan. 25). Ethiopian and Italian experts to not be the only ones operating in A holy tablet, tabot, looted from dismantle and relocate the these areas but that there are Ethiopia in the mid-19th century obelisk, that currently stands in also other yet unidentified groups by soldiers of the Napier Rome (ETV, Dec. 16). that are fighting government expedition has been found in a The culture, tourism and forces. In the last few days, Scottish church. A BBC report information department of residents of Ambo town have quoted a minister of the Scottish Western Tigrai zone disclosed been dragged to prison as OLF Episcopal St. John Church as that a team of Ethiopian and suspects (Genanaw, Nov. 21). saying he found the tabot covered British archaeologists had in leather in a cupboard where it unearthed clay house utensils, Crime, Corruption and Legal was kept untouched for 130 ornaments and silver coins in the Affairs: years. The minister told the BBC zone believed to have been used The Federal Ethics and Anti- that he had no difficulty identifying during the Axumite period. They Corruption Commission has filed the tabot to have been the were found in a place called Mai charges of abuse of power property of the Ethiopian Adrasha. The ornaments, carved against 54 present and former Orthodox Church as he had in human images, suggest the officials of the Commercial Bank worked in Addis Ababa for relationship the Axumites had with of Ethiopia (CBE) and sometime. After storming Atse Far East countries. Meanwhile, 4 businesspersons. Some of the Tewodros’s stronghold, Napier’s rock-hewn churches believed to accused also face other charges expeditionary force looted 15 be 1,500 years old were of corruption. The charges elephant and 200 mule loads of discovered recently through indicate that CBE officials had relics and various property. The excavations undertaken in Wegdi conspired to secure for the tabot is expected to be returned to and Makdella districts of South accused businesspersons Ethiopia early next year (Radio Wello Zone. The churches, unlawful loans amounting to over Ethiopia, Dec. 6). carved from a mountain, had a one billion birr. Request by the number of ancient paintings, accused for release on bail was News about Culture and History: parchments, crosses, church garments and crowns (State denied by the court (Reporter, The Authority for Research and media, Dec. 1). Jan. 9). Conservation of Cultural Officials of private banks are Heritages (ARCCH) has said that World and Olympic champion among the 54 bankers and the proposal for the main phase of Gezahegn Aberra made two wins businessmen indicted by the the restoration of the Lalibela in three years in Japan’s Fukuoka Federal Ethics and Anti- rock-hewn churches submitted to International Marathon on Dec.2. Corruption Commission. They the European Development Fund Aberra, who won a gold medal at include Ato Amare Gashaw of Committee had received the last year’s Sydney Olympics and Dashen Bank, Ato Aberra unanimous approval of EU at the world championships in Mekonnen of Hibert Bank, Ato member states. The new fund is Edmonton in August, held off a Girma Aredo of Nib International estimated to be 75mio birr. strong challenge from home Bank and Ato Zewdu Ayele of Included in the project from the 11 runner Koji Shimizu. He pulled Abyssinia Bank (Ethio-News, Jan. rock-hewn Lalibela churches, cut away from Shimizu to win in 2 h, 9 10). out of natural rock 800 years ago, min and 25 sec (BBC, Dec. 2). are Bete Medhanealem, Bete Churches and Religion: Mariam, Bete Amanuel, Bete Aba Poverty: Libanos and Bete Meskel, the Muslims and Orthodox Christians Over 40,000 destitutes living in 14 release said (State media, Dec. homes in the country run by the clashed in Kemisse town on the 29). Dessie road on Jan. 20. The Missionaries of Charity (Mother incident occurred when the Norway has donated Nok 7.6mio Theresa’s Home) have been Christians were taking their (app. 0.84mio USD) for the benefiting from Monetization. “tabots” to church after they had restoration and rehabilitation of Monetization is a process by spent the night at the baptismal the Fasilades Bath located in which donors, primarily USAID, river on the occasion of Epiphany. North Gonder Zone of Amhara provide U.S. agricultural At least one person was killed and State. The restoration work will commodities for public sale to vehicles were smashed. Tension take five years, a press release generate funds for food security between the two communities has said. Fasilades Bath is used for related development programs. In risen following the Sept. 11 Timket ceremony and is on addition, life saving feeding terrorist attacks in the U.S (Ethop, UNESCO’s world heritage list programs for HIV/AIDS victims, Jan. 23). (ETV, Dec. 18). orphans and underweight children, as being taken care of

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by the Missionaries of Charity, Unions (CETU) had earlier issued and reconciliation to Somalia and greatly benefit from a strong statement warning the would continue to do so. He moneterization. At the Sidist kilo government to take speedy action categorically rejected press home, there are over 700 to stop the arbitrary firing of reports that Ethiopia had destitute, disabled and sick workers by employers. CETU had deployed its forces inside people being looked after by the said that if this warning is not Somalia (VOA, Jan. 8). sisters of the Missionaries of heeded, the union would call a Foreign Minister Seyoum Mesfin Charity. The charity work nationwide strike. At the meeting, told the organ of the TPLF, the throughout Ethiopia is being the nine workers’ federations Tigrigna language newspaper carried out with an annual budget endorsed CETU’s call to prepare Weyin, that an EPLF force was of 38.8mio birr, out of which for a nationwide collective action if stationed in Somalia. Ato Seyoum 30mio birr is provided by the the government fails to take the said the reason for the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) required measures (VOA (Dec. 4). deployment of the forces in (Business Review, Dec. 13). Foreign Relations: Somalia was to disrupt peace and There are an estimated 100,000 Prime Minister Meles Zenawi has security in Ethiopia. The forces street children in Ethiopia at said that the bilateral cooperation are operating under the guidance present. The manager of Goal between Ethiopia and Sudan had and in close consultation with Al- Ethiopia Street Children Care shown remarkable progress. On Itihad and OLF groups, he said Project, said the spread of arrival in Khartoum, he told (Ethiopia Zare, Jan. 6). HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia is increasing journalists that the strong Ethio- Foreign Minister Seyoum Mesfin the number of street children. Sudanese bilateral relations had had reportedly warned the Over 80 % of street children are created a conducive atmo-sphere Djibouti government during his forced to live a dismal life to raise the economic cooperation recent one-day visit to Djibouti. because of poverty while the rest to a higher level. Ethiopia and Ethiopia is unhappy about are driven to the streets because Sudan have made efforts to bring Djibouti’s sheltering of Ethiopian of other reasons such as war and peace and stability to the Horn, opposition groups and its new natural disasters, she said (Tobia, and have also redirected their hostility towards the EPRDF Nov. 15). attention to development, Ato (Moged, Jan. 5). Meles said (State media, Jan. 8). Other Social and Political Issues: The IGAD summit has wound up Nile Waters: Women at Risk, a group under with a resolution calling on Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have SIM (Society of International Ethiopia and Djibouti to agreed to implement the Missionaries) has disclosed in a coordinate their efforts to bring agreements reached on the study that there are over 100,000 about national reconciliation in development of the Eastern Nile, prostitutes in Ethiopia although no Somalia. The resolution said the Ministry of Foreign Affairs countrywide census has been IGAD’s current chairman, announced. The ministers agreed taken. Of the total, about 75-85% Sudanese President Omar to establish the Eastern Nile carry HIV virus. Women at Risk Hassen Al-Bashir, would Technical Committee Office in has trained 112 women in various supervise the three countries’ Addis Ababa and start its skills in the past five years and reconciliation efforts in Somalia. It activities in March 2002. They rehabilitated them (Ze-Press, Jan. was decided that a reconciliation also agreed to establish the 23). conference on Somalia would be Eastern Nile Investment Forum The Council of Ministers had held in Nairobi within two months. (ENVEST) that would be endorsed a bill granting The summit called on the entrusted with the task of jointly Ethiopians with foreign passports Transitional National Government developing the projects by special rights and privileges. The (TNG) of Somalia and other encouraging entrepreneurs to bill was endorsed to allow parties to commit themselves to generate funds for the activities. Ethiopians in the Diaspora to take combat terrorism in all its forms. It The three countries have part directly in development asked the international community requested the World Bank to activities and contribute their to join IGAD in establishing peace organize the forum (ETV, Jan. share in national development. In in Somalia. It also urged the 13). addition, articles in the Sudanese government and the rebel groups in Sudan to move proclamation that required 6. Education Ethiopian-born foreign citizens to expeditiously towards a peaceful The Alemaya University of have entry visas and resident settlement of the conflict (state permits have been repealed. media, Jan. 11). Agriculture (AUA) has announced Special IDs, to be renewed The TNG of Somalia has said plans to start a new postgraduate periodically, will also be issued to that Ethiopian forces had been curriculum in agricultural the Ethiopians (Radio Ethiopia, deployed in Puntland in extension programs. The agriculture faculty dean, Dr. Jan. 4). northeastern Somalia, and demanded their withdrawal. Assefa Asmare, said the The confrontation between curriculum was endorsed last workers and employers in Reuters reported that the Ethiopian government is year. The program aims at Ethiopia is becoming more helping farmers increase serious with each side accusing providing assistance to Somalia’s opposition forces. Ethiopian productivity. The curriculum will the other of sabotage. enable graduates to solve Representatives of the nine labor authorities have, however, denied the allegations. The spokesman problems by being innovative, he federations met in Addis Ababa to said. The program will become discuss how to go about of the Ministry of foreign Affairs told that Ethiopia has made effective next academic year. So protecting workers’ rights. The far, the university has graduated Confederation of Ethiopian Trade continuous efforts to bring peace

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over 200 students in agricultural endanger the life of the mother, against the EPRDF, the sources extension in bachelors degree should be given free access to said (Genanaw, Dec. 13). programs (Radio Ethiopia, Jan. safe abortion (Walta Information 13). Center, Nov. 29). 9. Internal Security Saudi magnate Sheik The BBC has reported that an At least 17 people were killed and Mohammed Hussein Al-Amoudi’s estimated 40,000 children under about 100 others wounded in Midroc Ethiopia is financing long- the age of 15 in Addis Ababa live armed clashes between Oromos term plans of establishing a chain with the AIDS virus. The report of and government of education centers ranging from said that all of the victims are forces. The armed clashes were to primary, orphans. It was also reported that provoked by the government’s secondary and tertiary levels at over 380,000, out of the more attempts to disarm the Oromos of different selected sites within the than three million HIV carriers in Borena. The Oromos refused to environs of Addis Ababa. The Ethiopia, live in Addis (Seife do so on grounds that they need newly formed company, Nebelbal, Nov. 30). the arms to defend themselves Meti/Midroc Education and and their livestock against beasts. Training Institute, under the 8. Human Rights In other news, armed fighting has umbrella of Midroc Ethiopia, is broken out between members of carrying out the project. Freedom of Press: The editor-in-chief of Capital, the the EPRDF-assisted Oromo Geda Professor Johannes Kinfu, musical band and Oromos of deputy general manager of the business weekly, Behailu Dessalegn, was detained at Nedjo, Western Oromiya. The institute and training director at incident occurred when a member Midroc Ethiopia, told that the District 3 police station on Oct. 31 and released on a 2000-birr bail of the band injured a local Oromo long-term project envisages to student and tried to escape. A set up four kindergarten schools, guarantee. Moha Soft Drinks initiated charges of slander number of people were injured three primary schools and one (Netsanet, Dec. 4). university in different phases. The against the editor for featuring a estimated cost of the entire story about the company’s An armed conflict has erupted in project is 200mio birr (Fortune, disputes with people who claimed the Negelle Borana area, in southern Ethiopia, between Jan. 13). to have won car prizes (Mebrek, Nov. 1). armed Somali and Oromo communities. Numerous lives 7. Health “Fana Democracy”, the former publisher of Efoita newspaper and have been lost. Oromo survivors The number of AIDS orphans in magazine, has been officially of the conflict are being hunted Ethiopia has reached the one closed down and the premises down and imprisoned. The conflict million mark, according to the have been sealed by the Rental broke out after the refusal of the Ministry of Health, placing an Houses Administration Agency. federal and Oromiya governments even greater strain on the Efoita had ceased appearing after to respond to Oromo requests for country’s already limited and its editor, Tesfaye Gebreab, the return of their grazing land, stretched social services. defected aboard (Ruh, Nov. 1). which they said, was unlawfully Ethiopia has the third largest incorporated into Somali State population in the world with the (Zarenew, Nov. 17). HIV virus. The Ethiopian Other Issues: Government needs international Ten Oromo students of the help to deal with the crisis. The Alemaya University have been World Bank has already given a arrested by government security $59mio loan to the government to forces. It is not yet known why the help tackle the crisis. Other students were arrested, but agencies are pouring in funds to observers said this is part of the help with health care and campaign by the government to education (IRIN, Dec. 14). divide students and weaken their The Ethiopian Society of unity (Tikussat, Jan. 16). Obstetricians and Gynecologists 550 out of the 670 Oromos thrown has called for the adoption of behind bars 7 years ago on liberal abortion law in the country charges of being OLF supporters that would mitigate maternal have been released. The Oromos deaths due to unsafe and illegal were kept in prison without abortions. The association’s appearing in court to answer president told that the law should charges that they had destabilized be formulated to accommodate the country’s security (Goh, Jan. the existing reality on the ground. 13). Bickering over whether abortion Government security forces have should be made legal or not is begun another round of mass another issue in the face of the arrest of Oromo youth especially rising number of maternal deaths in Nekempte (Wellega) and Ambo due to illegal abortion which, she (West Shoa). Informed sources, said, accounted for more than said a large number of Oromo 54% of deaths in Addis Ababa youth and adults were rounded up alone. She said that pregnancies and detained recently. The recent which occur through rape, massacre of Oromos in Borana is inefficacy of contraceptives as believed to have provoked well as pregnancies that Oromos everywhere to rebellion

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