The Current Situation of CHP Plants with Solid Biomass in Europe
Workshop „Current Potentials for Biomass CHP in Europe“ 26. February 2003, Athens
Hannes Schwaiger, Gerfried Jungmeier, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Institute of Energy Research, Elisabethstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIA [email protected]; Ph: +43 316 876 1316 Overview
Conclusions
Correlations of technical parameters
Biofuels used
Characters, age, technologies, capacities
Existing CHP plants in selected European countries
Accompanying measure BIOCOGEN (Task 2) Considered Countries Turkey Netherlands UK Austria Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Portugal Italy Bulgaria Slovenia Switzerland Sweden CHP plants in European Countries
50 47 without cofiring 45 with cofiring 40
35
30 25 25
20 14 14 Number of plants 15 11 10 5 5 3 121 11 1 0
ia k d ly al n d K r n ds a n ey U la It ug enia la k ustria n many lan t v A ulga nmar Fi France r or lo Tur B P S Swede itzer De Ge w Nether S Share of Co-fired CHP plants
without co-firing 83% with co-firing 17% Geographic Distribution Portugal Slovenia Italy Switzerland 1% 4% Netherlands 1% 2% 1% Sweden 9%
Germany Turkey 37% 1% UK 2%
Austria 20%
France Bulgaria Finnland 1% Denmark 0% 11% 11% Year of Construction
50
45 unknown 40 after 2000 1995-2000 35 before 1995 30
25
20
Number of plants 15
10
5
0
a a k s y d K ri r nd ny al en n a la nce a It enia U lga n a m land rtugal v u Turkey Austri enm Fi Fr er Swed tzerla B D G Po Slo ether wi N S Distribution of Construction Year
1995-2000 21% after 2000 7%
before 1995 26% unknown 46% Character of CHP plant
50
45
unknown 40 Commercial plant 35 Demonstration plant Pilote plant 30 Testing plant
25
20 Number of plants Number of plants 15
10
5
0
a y ri Italy ke UK ur T Aust Finland France erlands Sweden Bulgaria Denmark Germany Portugal Slovenia eth N Switzerland Distribution of Characters
unknown 6%
Testing plant 6%
Commercial plant 68% Pilote plant 7%
Demonstration plant 13% Power Generation Technologies
50
45 Other Gas turbine 40 Gas engine 35 Hot air turbine Stirling engine 30 Organic Rankine Cycle 25 Steam engine
Number of plants Number 15
10
5
0 l ia d y a ia r n aly n nd st ark nds It e den a UK u m a rtug v A Finla France erl o o we Turkey Bulgaria en h P Sl S D German witzerl Net S Distribution of Installed Technologies
ORC Steam engine 7% Stirling engine 18% 3% Gas engine 1%
Gas turbine 9%
Hot air turbine 1%
Other 3% Steam turbine 58% Electric Capacities of CHP Plants 50
45 unknown >20 MW 40 5-20 MW 35 1-5 MW <1 MW 30
25
20
Number of plants 15
10
5
0
a d y s y l a n d ria rk n l i K ari nce Ita uga de U lg ma a land rt e rlan n inla r w Turkey Aust e F Fr erman S ze Bu D G the Po Sloven e N Swit Distribution of Electric Capacities >20MWel 15% 5 - 20MWel 21% unknown 6%
1 - <5MWel < 1MWel 23% 35% Biofuels used
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% % fuels used
20%
10%
0%
a a k y i ri ey Ital enia den k UK ga mar nland i Tur Austr en F France erlands Swe Bul D Germany th Portugal Slov Ne Switzerland Woodchips (forest residues) Woodchips (saw industry) Black Liquor Waste wood Bark Peat Straw Other Distribution of Biofuels
Peat Straw Bark 3% 3% 8% Waste wood Other 4% 16% Paper sludge 4%
Woodchips (saw industry) Woodchips 23% (forest residues) 39% Ratio of Heat and electricity
100 90
] 80 th 70 60 50 40 30
Thermal power [MW Thermal 20 10 0 0 1020304050
Electric power [MWel] Ratio of Heat and electricity (selected < 5MWel)
50 45
] 40 th 35 30 25 20 15
Thermal power [MW Thermal 10 5 0 00,511,522,533,544,55
Electric power [MWel] Electric Power and Electric Efficiency of Steam Turbines el. efficiency th. efficiency total efficiency Linear (el. efficiency) Linear (total efficiency) Linear (th. efficiency) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
Efficiency [%] Efficiency 30 20 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 250
El. power [MWel] Electric Power and Electric Efficiency of Steam Turbines (selected < 50MWel)
el. efficiency th. efficiency total efficiency Linear (total efficiency) Linear (th. efficiency) Linear (el. efficiency) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
Efficiency [%] 30 20 10 0 0 1020304050 El. power [MWel] Electric Power and Specific Investment Costs (< 10MWel)
25 Steam turbine Steam engine Other Organic rankine cycle Hot air engine Gas engine ]
el average steam turbine 20
15
10
5 Spec. Investment [Mio €/MW [Mio Spec. Investment
0 0246810
El. power [MWel] Conclusions ¾ Most solid biomass CHP plants are located in countries of considerable forest industry ( ),most without cofiring ¾ Steam turbine and engine are most common technologies, significant share of ORC technology ( ) Stirling engines ¾ High amount of Commercial plants ¾ Most plants were already installed before 1995 (except of )
¾ Smaller capacities <1 MWel () larger capacities >20 MWel ( ) ¾ Most common biofuel is woodchips, others are bark( ) black liquor ( ), straw ( ) and peat ( ) ¾ Increasing capacities leads to decreasing efficiencies