CLEAVER FREED P. 10 MOVEMENT HUEY SPEAKS FROM JAIL ~ 8 ... VOL. 4 NO.7

THE MOVEMENT PRESS BUL,K RATE 4A9 14TH STREET U. S. POSTACE . CA. 94103 PAID lOan Fr.lncl.co. Calif. PermIt No. 8603

Jeanette Harris 1848 Stockton St. SF 94133 hi jean.ette - c &: m miller lel 6i S ·PAGE 2 THE MOVEMENT AUGUST 1968 JELLY BEANS FORTHE POOR by Hardy Frye and clapping and hollering for Reagan to sacramento, California -- "Come back come out to them. They later learnedthey here, you pig" was the cry from parti­ had made capitol police uptight enough cipants in the Poor People's March June that the news conference had been cut 18th. Contingents of poor people from short and Reagan spirited ou t the back Fresno, sacramento and the Bay Area door. held rallies and demonstrations at the Apparently Reagan figured he could state capitol here to coincide with the do a rerun of his performance with the being held in Washington by march against tuition last year. He came SCLC. stalking out of the capitol, grabbed the On the morning of , about sixty microphone and began to talk. Most of people from the Fresno area held a rally the liberals were happy that he had on the west side of the capitol building, responded to their pressure, but the poor then went to visit their local representa­ people listened to what he was saying tive. Later that afternoon people from and were less responsive. When the gov­ Sacramento and the Bay Area had a march ernor decided his lecture was not being and rally. Speakers were Leon Ralph from properly appreciated and decided to re­ from Watts and Assemblyman Willie treat, the crowd shouted after him, "Wait Brown from San Francisco. Brown said a minute, you pig, we want to talk to you; that the legislature had not listened to you're a liar." As Reagan retreated, him talking about the plight of the poor, the poor people pushes:J, forward, alarming and that the only thing which would make the security guards. The crowd reached .them listen was for poor people to "go "the large capitol building doors just after in and raise hell". Brown backed down Reagan entered and would not let the on this statement later, after pressure guards close them. The governor headed had been put on him. for the elevator. The crowd followed. Finally guards managed to clear the small black children with him. He later Waiting for Reagan told the press this was tokeep the children Washington -- Testifying before the the blindfolded justice symbol. That will from getting. hurt. He took both children House Committee on Un-American Acti­ go into the committee's files, but will All day long the groups had been trying to his office and gave each a bag of jelly vities on , long-time red-hunter not appear in the record, as it was to get Governor Reagan to speak to them. beans. This seems to be the governor's Ed Montgomery of the san Francisco jUdged too offensive. Reagan had told the press that he would response to poor people -- jelly beans. Examiner alleged widespread subversive Willis praised non- rioting "colored­ not speak to a bunch of "bums", a state­ .activity preceeding the September, 1966 folks" and said that "Roy Wilkins is one ment he later learned to regret. Hearing ghetto revolt in the Hunter's Point section hundred per cent American." The hear­ that Reagan was holding his weekly news On to the Committees of san Francisco. The hearings are pa·:"t ings are scheduled to continue indefiniely. conference, the poor people got wise and The poor people were not yet through of an irregularly scheduled series looking decided to attend. They were not allowed with Sacramento. They roamed throughthe for "communist influence in riots," ac­ • inside the room, so they began singing capitol shouting for Reagan to come out. cording to committee chairman Edwin aaaaaaaaa~aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa=a==aaaaaaaa it was later learned that he had left the Willis (D-La.). Of particular concern building at the insistence of his security to Willis, when he was able to stay guards. There was some confusion of awake, was the "dissemination of in­ plans. SOme people wanted to go back flam matory propaganda" and charges of outside and have another rally, others police brutality. wnated to stay in the building. Finally Montgomery dug back to the anti-HUAC someone spoke up: "You people have to demonstrations of May, 1960 and earlier make up your minds what you want. to document his charges that "raeial 'Reagan doesn't make the laws and ap­ agitation by reds is evident over a long propriate the money, the legislaturedoes. period of time". The Hearst reperter Reagan is just one flunky in the whole listed names of those arrested at san damn machine. What we should do is Francisco civil rights demonstrations at demand to speak before committees and Auto Row, Sheraton-Palace and Mel's our legislature. Iftheywon' t listen, disrupt Drive-In, and found involvement in "in­ the whole damn works." flammatory propaganda" from the Com­ The poor people then moved through munist Party, People's World, Progres­ the building, spreading disruption. Some­ sive Labor Party, W.E.B. DuBois Clubs, one was heard to shout several times, Anarchist Society, Poor People's Cam­ "take anything you want, it all belongs paign and other groups, many of which to you anyway." no longer exist. Several officers of the After giving a hard time to capitol International Longshoremen's and Ware­ police and sergeants at arms in meetings, housemen's Union werel1stedamongthose the ways and means committee finally "on the scene" of the civil rights demon­ listened to a representative from the strations, and several "war on poverty" , now recognized as per­ to be a controversial record, having al­ poor people. This speaker made it clear officials were criticized for allegedly haps the most producUve and exciting ready met with some heavy criticism in that the poor people's groups did not "covering up" for rioters. female singer going, never really came the musical press. The criticism, however, appreciate the run-around they had re­ No new information or charges were into her own on disc until she signed with .is mainly irrelevant and incorrect, spoken ceived. made except that Montgomery, at one Atlantic. There, much care was taken to from an angle with little bearing on the As they left the building, one demon­ point, claimed knOWledge regarding the get the best material and accompaniment actual experience of listening to the . strator was heard to tell a guard outside bombing of the DuBois Clubs' head to complement and encourage her bound­ The album opens with "Think", also a Reagan's office, "Tell Reagan he's not quarters. He did not elaborate and the ing talent. With the exception of most single release; it is solid and driving playing with Indians in one ofhiswesterns committee did not pursue the point. A of the cover photographs, the records .but perhaps a little ambiguous in state­ or his Borax show; he's dealing with us final example of "obs.cene, inflammatory" have all been superb products as a whole. ment. I've heard several suggestions as now, and we ain't bullshitting.".' material used to incite riots was given "", her second for Atlantic, to the meaning of the words. Most frequent­ to the committee by Montgomery. It was was the only album that didn't put some ly it is assumed to be a statement to the aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa=aaaaaaa a draWing by Frank CieciorIta of -police kind of plastic image of Aretha on the white man. The Freedom chorus certainly officers raping the statue of liberty and cover. But the recording itself is the. bears this out, as do many of the other her ability to combine these two schools important thing. lyrics: "I ain't no psychiatrist, Ain't no is where her real talent lies. Back around "The latest, "". is bound doctor with degrees, But it don't take 1954, in one phase of the development too much IQ to see what you're doing of his style, Ray too mised gospel patterns to me. You better think, think about what with pop lyrics and melodies and created you're tryin' to do to me." Or "You need a series of excellent recordings which he BLACK STUDENTS me and I need you, Without each other still does today. (Some of the' early ex­ there ain't nothin' you can do." These amples of this are available on "The' phrases also could apply to a personal Ray Charles sto:oy", Vol. Two, Atlantic thing and thus the disagreement. The song 8064). Of course this gospel overtone is SEIZE HIGH SCHOOL was written~ Aretha and her husband.. not the limit of all of Aretha's offerings, but it plays a big part in most of them. By the Chicago MOVEME~T staff -j was surprised to see the next song On , the students at all-black was held in June of student leaders, on the album. Aretha has never sung On the new LP, Aretha a,sa.in recreates Parker High School took over the school. Dr. Redmond and the school principal. dinky, thin songs, always something with one of Ray's early classics, "The Night The action was begun by a group shutting While the meeting took place at the guts, But there it was, "Say A Little Time is The Right Time". The first one Board of Education building, several hun­ down the lunchroom. followed by the Prayer", that recent Dionne Warwick hit. she did was "Drown In My Own Tears" occupation of the administrative office, dred students marched on the street with But as I listened to it I heard one of the which was more successful than the new and the locking in of the principal. The signs listing·their grievances. things that makes Aretha so great. The attempt as she added a good deal to it activist students, supported by the entire, At an assembly in the school the next ability to take a song and shape it with and didn't just recreate it. student body and a few -teachers, then day, student leaders reported that some her originality and skill so that it means "", 's biggest announced that the school would be closed of the demands had been met and others something, so that it sounds like the truth. seller is on the new album too and is truly until Superintendent of Schools James F. refused. The students responded with a With this skill she has something in common one of its high points. Here she not only Redmond agreed to meet with the students spontaneous boycott of the school for the with Billie Holiday. She too would take recreates a song but revises and adds to discuss their demands. According to last week. an ordinary, parhaps over-sentimental song a completely new dimension to it. For the Sylvester Phillips, spokesman for the On , a student rally in a south and turn it into a believable musical tes­ first time on any Aretha album· a stereo Black Afro-American Organization, which side park was broken up by the police, timony. trick is used on this song. (If it's not a organized the takeover, "We just told who arrested eleven people including sev­ As on her previous Atlantic releases, technical fuck-up which I'm sure it's not, the teachers to get out of our schooL" eral of the leaders from Parker. The none of the songs are completed with though these have been unexcusablypresent The demands put foward by the students arrested were held overnight and maced one recording. First they record her voice on previoUS-Aretha releases). The last include: repair work and decent equip­ / several times while in their cells. Phillips as she plays the piano with the rhythm half of the song is masterfUlly arranged ment in the science labs, modern mach­ told t~e MOVEMENT that after repeated section. The background voices (supplied ,and doesn't" let up until the all too soon inery in the business department, adequate macings, "The stuff was so thick in the by ) and the horns ;fade-out, supplies for the teaching of art, the in­ air, we were almost used to it, and we are added later. It proves to be a good "See Saw" , "You're A Sweet Sweet Man" , troduction of new books and the revamp­ told the guards to come back and give method. "I Take What I Want", and "A Change" ing of the cur iculum in the English, us some more." Parents and others from I think one of the main things in Aretha's are all similar in beat, and that is a History and Social Studies Departments, the community packed the court the next music that gives it its irresistable power common complaint about the record. But including instruction in black cultural day and cases were thrown out. and drive is its ever pr.esent gospel in­ the beat is the only similarity. Each song heritage. The students are using the summer fluence. Similarities in the structure of tells a different story and all are mu-. The school take-over was the latest months to expand the BA-AO into other much of Aretha's music can be found sically tight and rocking. in a s<>ries of protests which began with south side ghetto high schools. Some are in the Staple Singers, , Despite the criticism, the people at a walk-out on , the day after the talking of shutting all the black schools and other gospel noteables. Ray Charles Atlantic and Aretha 'Ire still turning out assasination of Dr. King, and included down until they are no longer "invisible" and Dinah W:,shington were Aretha's main first rate material and they know it. All two more in May. to the city.• influences from the p:>p music world, and one can ask for is MOREl. AUGUST 1968 THE MOyEMENT PAGE 3 CURSING ESTABLISHMENT SEIZES MEDIA By Todd Gitlin

MONEY DOESN'T TALK, IT SWEARS -- Dylan Your eyes might have been stabbed by the page one headline in a recent san Francisco Examiner: "CURSING NY HIPPIES SEIZE TV STATION -- Foul Talk Goes on the Air -­ 6 Men, Woman Arrested -- By United Press International and Associated Press" • bad," I thought last sunday morning: a Between them, each with their vast grudging and to me demeaning tribute chain of bureaus and thousands of Trained - but the pattern is stUl bare - thread­ Personnel, these two giant • new s" ­ bare - for all who will look, andno less • gathering" corporations were able to assemble this blood-curdling tale: The cultural guerrillas who for some • -A score of loud­ 15 minutes liberated a small zone of mouthed hippies, shaggy, beaded and the New York airwaves had come natural­ screaming obscenities, took over an ed­ ly to such thoughts, and thoughts pushed ucational TV station while thousands of them to action. Most had grouped ar()U.JlBoston Draft Resistance Group) Francisco, etc. - that have popped up "I can't say 'fuck' on this TV station." 'We want in.'.. ." 'not only thoroughly, but with an eye to over the last few years to form an oasis Extra consternation in the studio. conveying experience to people prepared in the wasteland. NET has distributed "If you're doing a show on Bedford­ Now, just as a guerrilla is explained to apply its lessons. Felix Greene's "Inside ," stuyvesant, people have to expressthem­ by the system that drives him into final The country is fairly crawling with saul Landau and Richard Moore's pro­ selves in their own language - not in the opposition, so is what happened filmmakers who retuse to sever their Castro • Report on ." Only the waste­ language of the establishment." at WNDT-TV perfectly well explained talent from their commitment, their land seeps into the oasis; the oasis ig­ Fishman added, "When someone goes by the Examiner story. But not the way eyes from their more,vital organs: a nores its location oqly at great peril. on TV, he is expected touse thelanguage the Examiner meant it. And the Examiner san Francisco group is already at work. Almost everything is packaged for the of TV. He can't say 'tuck' on the air be­ is no' mere benighted bush-league villain. Newsreel, lUte the underground press, most painless consumption, tailored to cause it's considered bad taste. But the The Chronicle's story the next morning has flowered, and for the same reason: cramped time-formats, stripped of the fact of the matter is, he uses 'fuck' a was in a lower key just as confused and they exist to sensitize and serve those sharpest edges; NET does not, cannot great deal - not for its own sake. He contusing, and the New York Times head­ of us who refuse to consume the indiges­ promote and elaborate the shatteringidea uses it in· the natural course of how he lined, II 20 Hippies Invade TV Show and tible producls of our enemies. that it is possible for Americans to live lives." Shout Obscenities on Air." 'The media, But to declare yourself fully it isnec­ a different way. Instead it offers achan­ But probably no one was listening any sure enough, as a whole, were the mes­ essary to do more than Your Thing, be­ neled switch-off for the good people more. Probably no one heard Jeff Shero sage - bl't not the way McLuhan under­ cause Your Thing is circumscribed and whose most elementary sensibilities will go on to ask whether NET had broadcast stands, either. absorbed and eaten in a million ways by not allow them to stomach the Big 3net­ evidence liberated from Grayson Kirk's No one has to study Marcuse's One­ their spongy, 50,000-watt, I-million­ works. American television, they will office of the tie between Columbia and Dimensional Man - though it would help .circulation Things. The German SDS conclude, is indeed an open marketplace; the Institute for Defense Analyses, evi­ - in order to read between the lines. knew this well last spring: they took after let the buyer only beware, and he will be dence of Columbia as realtorandholding Anyone who has ever been billyclubbed Axel Springer, right-Wing tycoon pub­ rewarded. NET is the lollypop after the company. Probably no one 'heard the an­ or Maced by a cop only to read that his lisher, as if he were simply manufactur­ $2.50 haircut, the last meal on Death Row. swer, • No," let alone ponderedthe impli­ peaceable demonstration was ·violent" ing poison. It is intolerable to manufac­ I exaggerate, but to a point. Consider cations. Scandal blurred substance, most and that Law Enforcement Officers used ture poison, they reasoned, even ifsome­ the rebuttal: "But it's worlds better than likely: after all, this was the no-feedback «necessary force" (if the fact that cops one else is allowed to make antidotes. CBS" But there is aprinciple at stake:­ medium, there was no chance to read the used force at all was deemed Fit To Newsreel took on a more elusive and the airwaves belOlig to the people: not watching armchair faces, say ·Wait a Print), anyone who has been in Vietnam therefore striking target, and they hit grudgingly, not in boiled-down conces­ minute now, you don't understand, OK, and returns to hear on the radio that the mark directly. ABC, CBS, NBC would sions, not forever subject to broad­ we'll explain." "our boys' moraleis high," any Columbia have been sitting ducks - even former minded censors who balance politics as And the infantry was on its way to re­ insurrectionary who reads the Times FCC Commissioner Newton Minow had if they were a diet, but as a matter of take the hamlet, to clear and hold. Word accounts - anyone who has livedanevent, consigned them to a "vast wasteland." right. The right to say so beforea micro­ got to the liberators, and most cut out, a place, a mood from the inside, and Money-making enterprises pure and phone, for the titillation of an audience melted back .onto the street. Seven were knows and insists he knows what he saw, simple, purchasing rigged polls to justify trained only to be flattered by novelty; a little slow in leaving, and were ar­ heard, felt despite the sonorous, three­ their spewing forth of canned pap, diS­ is not the issue. The issue is the right to rested, charged with (1) burglary, break- button interpretations of Information pensing "news" in interchangeable pel­ exercise the right, not proclaim it. ing and entering with intent to commit a Specialists; anyone, in short, who has lets (usually placebos), reserving the So the New sreel people chose WND- TV felony, namely: (2) rioting. Maximum held to the slightest shred of his own most meager shreds of creativity for to make their point. The occasion was a penalties, seven years on the first intuition·and judgment knows that the commercials, the networks have left panel discussion on the underground charge, four years on the second. media lie. many highly-placed people with empty press, moderated (very preciseword)by This is seriousbusiness, this business They lie daily, they lie in patterns, feelings and headaches beyond even the a protege of James Restin. The guests . of clearing the air. Everythinghas gotten they invent lies and peddle the powerful's, far reach of Excedrin. CBS News Chief (no doubt as to who owned the house) were more serious this year, which is another maybe they apologize and they lie again, Fred Friendly had quit in 1966 when Allen Katzman, editor ofthe East Village way of saying that the stakes, those in­ by commission and omission: they lie, higher-ups refused to jerk the morning's Other, Jeff Shero, editorofRat, and Mar­ tangible and preoccupying stakes we car­ we might say, chronically, predictably. soap operas to broadcast the Fulbright vin Fishman of Newsreel. And a few min­ ry in our heads, are climbing; what we They lie by conspiracy (the handling of hea;ings live, and written a book, "Due utes into the show, other Newsreel people once found tolerable We can no longer D.A. Garrison), they lie by implication to Circumstances Beyond OUr control," entered the stUdio, began shouting tele­ blink. "Provo tactics" not so long ago ("Communist" equals archdemon), they denouncing narrow-minded bureaucrats. graphic versions of their views: "The seemed irmocuously cute, the raw preci­ lie by diverSion (at least Miss California What Friendly proposed instead were establishment press lies! TV is free!" ous stuff of stories with which to regale gets close to Jesus Christ), but mostly broad-minded bureaucrats, administer­ Under the circumstances, on hostile your friends for months to come. No they lie by tell1ng what they imagine to ing higher-toned culture in gilded eye­ ground in an unaccustomed medium, they longer. Working through the implications be the truth. They lie because of the code droppers to higher-toned people ­ resorted to slogans: but then they as­ of theory in real life, always risky in of their objectivity, because they have broadly speaking, the upper middle class. sumed the show had been zipped off the the abstract, has become a matter of learned not to see, hear, feel, not to Meanwhile McGeorge Bundy's Ford air, couldn't know the studio was still concrete risk and practical planning, a believe in the inside of a fact, not to Foundation had argued for a pUblicly­ transmitting. Why it did remains a mys­ constant tension. Who knows what was doubt that their leaders lie and their financed TV channel, a fourth network tery: were the technicians friendly? in the minds of the medical students who textbooks lie and their teachers equate devoted to "public affairs" and symphon­ The nervous moderator was just as in 1957 seized a radio station in , blue-eyed rock-stable property-gagging ic civilization: and 10 and behold, we have oblivious. "Why did you do this?" he held it momentarily before falling, shot manifestly-destined 5% interest America PBL, Public Broadcast Laboratory. (The asked, when the noise level had settled. dead in the streets where markerstoday with truth. They lie finally because they alacrity with which PBL zoomed into "This is what the underground media commemorate them? can do no other, because they need their regular existence tells you something really is," Fishman said, «and no estab­ Do not mistake me: We are not riding lies, for the crude but quite serviceable about where power is lodged.) No com-. lished media can convey what the under­ the crest of a revolutionary wave; we are reason that lying is their livelihood, mercials, well-mannered critiques of ground wants to convey. You've got a for­ only - ONLY, but this is no small feat: brings in advertising; and - never for­ the war - not yet ofthe lustfulimperial­ mat; the underground doesn't work staking out our own history, defining pre­ get this better concealed, more insidi­ ism (another curse word!) that powers according to your format. The under­ cedents, opening space for new objec­ ous reason - because the very particu­ this war and the next - sympathetic ground works, operates and cr~ates,}.J;I.,a tives, lighting new energy-fuses. Vague lar slant of their lies numbs their audi­ treatments of : but that's whole different manner. We go to Colum­ formulations all, for the holding of cul­ ence into nodding befuddlement, makes just it. PBL offers TREATMENTS, ren­ bia and we work on the inside where the tural and physical territoryis something consumers of men and masses of pub­ ditions, slicked through the detached action is.•We go to Resurrection City we know little about. lics, makes packaged try-harder Am­ cinematic retina. The upper middles and we work on the inside...• We cannot But as we come to reckon as seriously ericans of pUZZled disgruntled people. don't want to relinquish their position, work as the media does, behind the line with the cultural artilleryof the oligarchy And the chronic liar who from time only to secure it more firmly by adjust­ of the police." as with our own walled-off culture, the to time tells the truth is no more cre­ ing its sights, "taking account" of "new He went on to talk about a show illum­ liberation of WNDT-TV, half-assed and dible, for who can tell? We may be realities." Typical board member: inating Positive Features ofthe Bedford­ incomplete and problematic as il. was, grateful for small exceptional favorsr James Restin of the New York Times, Stuyvesant ghetto, and Jeff Sherodefined may stand as one more cracked founda­ if we can detect them - that Examiner who blandly bemoans the plight of the a central principle of the Newsreel­ tion stone on which the New City may yet interview with Huey Newton "wasn't Empire and hopes Senator McCarthywill Underground approach: "If youwanttodo be built.• PAGE 4 THE MOVEMENT AUGUST 1968 men, long-haired hip types and politicos. any call in no time. The necessity to lifted. The Council offered a parking Finally the cops moved with more gas remain very mobile in the face of this lot for the July 4th demonstration. The WE WANT a!ld drove the people to the west end of ta<:tic was soon understood. offer was rejected. camp'ls. A fire was started but the cops On WednesdlilY the City Council changed moved in again. Barricades, rock throwing Fish in the Water its mind, d~ciding that rock bands on went on till 1 AM. People involved felt Telegraph weren't such a bad way to THE STREET a new sense of defending their community Many people were sheltered by friendly celebrate July 4th. At a mass meeting against an enemy who did not belong residents and a few businessmen, who Wednesday night this was declared a there. provided them with wash rags for gas, victory. And so the meeting discussed shelter, and a back door exit. The issue the raHy. More Gas on Saturday to these shelterers was not the"excesses" of the students, but the cops' brutality. Why Walkout? Berkeley was tense all day saturday. Many older people from all walks of life A rally was called for the evening. At were caught in the police trap. The Not discussed were the political goals 7:30, 200-300 people gathered on the community feeling of protection was such and future strategies in light of the edge of the campus. The rally turned as to invite comparisons of people on Council decision. This failure promp~ed into a march down Telegraph to the the streets with fish in water. area where it had begun the night before. The streets were cleared by 2:30. The a walk-out of those who were concereed city maaager declared a state of emer­ with organizing groups for further action. Some small barricades were erected. Those who walked out felt that the City Sound equipment was brought in and gency in the city (using a war-time Council and the leadership had success­ people talked about , the situation ordinance) and declared the whole area in Richmond (where a black rebellion South of campus a curfew area The fully diverted a fantastically vital move· raged for three days), and the right to curfew went into effect on Sunday,' from ment into an Independence Day party. the street. 7 PM to 6 AM in the 60 square block On the 4th of July, Telegraph Avenue was filled with thousa..Jlds of p,aople, many Berkeley's mayor, Wallace Johnson, area that comprises the student-hippie rock bands -. the works. There were creator of the .. Eagle Policy" on Viet­ ghetto. . no cops -- ministers directed traffic. The scene: A long-haired guitar player nam ("an eagle is neither a hawk nor There was some disagreement over the strolls like the Pied Piper up University a dove") tried to pull a Lindsay as he The Whole City Curfewed monitors keeping people off the roofs. walked on the street, protected by two Avenue. At the same time a rally with The section of the program' reserved' speeches ...ild tactical discussion is going hippie-garbed cops. Johnson was chased On sunday a meeting was held in Provo on in nearby Provo Park, and the police out of the area by those not interested Park, outside of the curfew area. But for political speeches fell on mostly have completely sealed off the Telegraph in his brand of bullshit. He returned the window breaking and the Pied Piper deaf ears -- people Wa.ited the bands Avenue area that has been the scene of and promised a "compromise", but when of University Avenue changed all that. back Originally scheduled to last until 10 PM, the gathering was permitted to beatings and tear gas, barricades and he got the mike he said only that he was Highway Patrolmen flooded into the area. willing to discuss the Constitution if They cruised in goon squads: six to a last until 12, and there were no inci­ rock-throwing the night before. The Pied dents after that time. Piper is singing Dylan's song "The Times people would move into a parking lot. car, each car with a megaphone. For They Are A Changing" . The concensus was to stay in the street. an hour or so they did little more than. Behind the guitarist several hundred Disputes arose over the tactical prob­ announce "Move on or be subject to Open Revolt lems posed by the barricades (would arrest." people follow, and before the corner That's the story. Chr.onology cannot is turned they have broken almost all At around 9:00, when it became clear that people, walking around i n small catch the building of group rod commu­ the window s on a two- block stretch. The nity spirit and tactical intelligence, or cops are not prepared, their resources groups, were not getting off the streets, the entire city of Berkeley was placed the political significance of wh;l.t some are in the Telegraph curfew area, the have termed the first white rebellion. sun is not yet down. Before the cops WE WANT under curfew and the dispersal began. Energy now seems to be directed at the come, over $5,000 worth of damage has There was no single large crowd of people so the police moved in small Free Huey demonstrations on July 15th. been done. This took place on Sunday, What w111 develop from the events in June 30th, and followed two. days of groups. There were arrests, but little conflict. THE STREET widespread brutality. Object: clear the Berkeley is unclear. But one thing is streets and protect the businesses. sure ... the people on the streets were Friday Night By 10 PM the town was quiet. No­ in open revolt: one walked in the streets. The University We'll soon shake your windows On Friday night the YSA (Young Soc­ Avenue freeway exit was blocked by the ialist Alliance) called a rally to express California Highway' Patrol. There were And rattle your walls solidarity with French students and work­ checkpoints at every main drag. Once For the times they are a changinl ers. It was held on Telegraph Avenue driving inside the area there was only south of the Berkeley campus. The rally occassional harassment. After 11 PM • was co-sponsored by many other groups, the town was sealed off from the outside. including the Peace and Freedom Party, There were at least ten cops at every the and the MOVE­ barricade. Berkeley was a jail. r;;;OLUTlO;;~ MENT. About an hour before the rally was To the City Council scheduled to end (it was a dull rally) Mayor Wallace Johnson and the police On Monday the curfew was still in SOLIDARITY \ effect. A rally was held where it was ! decided to show solidarity with the French , , cops. Traffic wa::; moving along Telegraph decided to ask the City Council for per­ sunday night in Berkeley, two demon_, and all indications were that the rally mission to hold a rally on Telegraph strators found themselves in the streets would soon break up, when the cops on the 4th of July. far from home when the city-wide curfew declared the gathering anillegal assembly Monday night saw some police bru­ was declared. One of them had been in and ordered the people to disperse. tality on Telegraph, as police chased the Progressive Labor Party for a short people into restaurants. and left them time, and although he had quit the party The YSA leadership tried to get people beaten on the street. A large number off the streets and onto the side-walks, _in disgust, he had maintained his friend· , but the cops wanted people home. Lines of curfew arrests were made. An ex­ _ships with Party members. So he heaned' of police moved down the streets, and plosion at a police guardhouse on the for the nearby house of one of his PLI the people moved back. There were in­ campus broke the wind.)ws. ucomrades," whose wedding he had at­ tense debates raging: should we leave The nights of city-wide curfew and tended two weeks before. Berkeley PL the area or should we stay in the streets police brutality had provoked many was having a meeting there when he and confront the cops? The argument people. For eight hours on Tuesday the knocked and asked for sanctuary from became one of rights, of Telegraph being City Council caught a lot .of shit. The the cops. The answer: sorry, our meet- ours, of resentment against authority. events had caused a lot of money to be , ings are closed, you can't come in. , spent. The curfew was "provisionally" I Many people were tired of continually they Ilinder escape?). The crowd was , from the S.F. Express Times - listening to militant rhetoric which led , diverse in make-up. A rock band played t -- --~ to chickenshit action. People felt that at on one corner and people danced, burned some point they would have to stop run­ incense, sat in the streets, smoked grass. ning from the cops, and that this was the At one head.high barricade people were time and the place. WE WANT angry and serious. A young camt>raman YSA said something about a march alked by with camera in one hand, rock away from the campus toward Oakland, in another. Some people were getting and left, but nobody followed. Leadership ready. At the barricades stockpiles of went to the people in the streets. rocks were collected and paper was piled 9;::';';>'~""""~~'THE'm:~~~ STREET up for burning. ~Vttl4.{:~~ Chemical Agents .'.. We're Surrounded A police bullhorn announced that if the area was not immediately cleared, • chem­ Many did not notice just how ready ical agents" would be used, Since then, the police were getting. The Highway ••':'~"~V'?:."1=.%(..i;' . i'. word has corne out from the Alameda Patrol, Alameda County, Berkeley and' County Jail, where certain political pri­ Oakland cops were there. Unmarked cop .soners are held, that the Alameda County cars, some Thunderbirds, cruised the Sherriff's department was mobilized scene. All traffic had been sealed off long before the rally. A rumor about from the area, At 11:45 the attack bega..'l. ~;~~~'1t-~ 1;\? this apparently contributed to the crowd The people were surrounded. Cops on Telegraph. The cops were out to moved in from all sides, the barricades attack. began to get in the way, and the tear gas And they did, SUddenly the sound of· was used in far greater quantities than the explosion of tear gas cannisters and the night before. The side streets were grenad·?s. The crowd scatters at the gassed as well, and people caught up initial police thrust, but the night is blind alleys often ran out to find cops young. People are not going to be run jump out of cars and beat heads Some off the streets without a fight. people ran to the campus but it was sealed 'Qff' by Berkeley cops and the Barricades and Bonfires California Highway Patrol. The cops were BECAUSE cool, methodical and vicious in their The cops thought everything was over, beatings. About 40 people had to be taken as did some of the people who were to the hospital. People were running dispersed. But barricades were erected scared, fear was in the air with the cars rolled out into intersections, and gas, but there was not only fear. bonfires blazed. One bonfire was set IT'S There was anger. Windows were smash­ in front of the campus. A flimsy barri­ ed and bUildings (mostly condemnedapart­ cade was erected there. People broke ments where no one lives) were set on street lamps. Stone bicycle racks were fire. Rocks were thrown at the cops and smashed into throwable chldlks. Period­ at least one molotov cocktail was thrown. ically the cops would charge with gas OURS! Witnesses report that it was thrown at and the people would retreat to the campus. a line of cops who were sealing off· the At least one fire was set on the campus campus. One highway patrolman's uni­ itself and the windows of several build­ form caught fire and he was seriously int's were knocked out. burned on the legs. About a dozen cops There was a cross-section of people were injured. .involved:->fntm"rrttYmtm'Ibe'rS-were taking _. The.--cops patr()lled, six to a car. In care of business along with young black this way they could hustle 18-24 men to AUGUST 1968 THE MOyEMENT PAGE 5 DON'T FOLLOW LEADERS

by Arlene Eisen Bergman • Joe Blum WATCH THE PARKIN' METERS At one point during the second night defenders and the liberals in the com­ small groups, some calledaffinity groups, at the barricades an old Berkeley poli­ munity. They translated the turfbattleinto where they planned their actions and dis­ tico approa,~hed one of us and said -­ a "freedom of assembly" issue. Boomerang cussed their political significance. In some • tha~1k god Hound another political person. For others, the turfbattle was different. areas which had been invaded by the cops, I thought I was the only one here." They felt no special allegiance to the Ave­ It would seem that they wanted every-' block organizations for self-defense or­ Not true. There were lots of political nue, except that it was friendly territory thing to end on July 4th. Actually, we ganized spontaneously. The old politicos people on the streets..They were all where you could get a wet rag ac,d shelter know that their perspective was larger. were monitors and negotiators (with the there except for the old-time politicos when the action got too rough. For these The problem wa" that their old-left-style cops) and "spokesmen" (to the press and who were at home, at their traditioruu people the issue was ownership and con­ strategy boomeranged. They were trying city council). The street-takers carried caucuses, trying to figure out "how to trol. Their attitude was more aggressive. to speak to two sets of .. masses". The on the battle. give direction" to the people on the streets. There was a street to be TAKEN. They first set included the liberal merchants, The old political form::: are obviously smashed windows on University Avenue ministers and city-councilmen. The se­ inadequate to this new kina of resistance. Street People as well as Telegraph Avenue as a challenge cond set included the people on the street. We all know that one of our organizing to commercialproperty. Afew little stores While spea..'

IN REVOLUTION Elie Kagan ONEWINS ORLOSES

fRANCE by Jean-Pierre Lentin up the Champs Elysees singing the Inter­ left them cold. Third, there is a deep­ _Editorial note: Jean:"Pierre'is a 19 year old student in . He warned us that "there's national. TMn they return to the Latin seated alienation which leads the youth a lot of marxist words in this article and I heard that marxist words are banished from Quarter where harassment continues all to challenge all traditional values. the American vocabulary. But you must remember that (1) In France, all radical students night. It is at this moment that one The entire nation is outragedby Friday's are marxist. (2) Marxist words are fashionable -- even the non-marxists use them". begins to speak of "urban guerrilla war­ brutality. The students' and workers' fare" . unions decide together to hold a day of Gaullism and French capitalism are at the root of the crisis of . DeGaulle's Wednesday, - More UNEF demon­ ~ demonstrations and a general strike in efforts to renovate French capitalism have had notable consequences. The standard strations. Fifty thousand, among them Paris for. Monday. This is the beginning of living of the masses has been drastically reduced to permit costly investments. numerous workers and teachers. UNEF of a new phase of the battle. Until May Reconversions and concentration of industry have produced a permanment insecurity wants to prove that it can stage a peace­ 13, the thing was a student affair. About in emplovment. . ful demonstration if it so desires. The 15% of the people who manned the bar­ '--This _system can no longer allow intermediary classes, and much less, the workers, government promises that ifthe disorders ricades were young workers, but in the to have a voice in national decision -making. It has silenced the voice of parliament as stop, it will concede to the demands. The following weeks workers make up more much as possible and replaced it with a strong executive, DeGaulle. demonstration disperses, not without the than half of the forces. resentment of a great part of the demon­ strators. The university ij.as also been a victim of without union leadership consent) take End to Student Isolation the transformation of French capitalism. place in Mans" in , and. especially Thursday, - The government only agrees to the, re-opening of the From the beginning of the struggle, The university reform begun four years in Caen, where the first workers' bar­ ago was designed to traintechnocratswith University at Nanterre. Several thousand the. students had a sharp awareness of ricades are raised in 1968. stUdents in a meeting that evening decide ti:leir isolation. Alone, they could only no consideration for real education. (For to continue the battle. more background, see The Movement, As the year progresses, student agi­ be a pin prick in the side of Gaullist ) tation becomes stronger. Radical groups Friday, - The famous "night of . power and coUld not even get satisfaction see their bases growing; Agitation is the barricades". Demonstrators, who fill especially concentrated on Vietnam and The Left Before the Crisis· it grows under the influence of the German The French Communist Party (PCF) students after the shooting of Rudi lost all revolutionary perspective a long Dutschke. Finally, foreshadowing what time ago. Its only aim is participation in is going to happen in May, the students a .. government of the left." On the basis~ at Nanterre start the first demonstration of electoral victory it would achieve the of .. global resistance against society". "authentic republic and true democracy". under the guidance of the March 22 Its real goal is its own self-preservation. Movement. The PCF has abandoned the goal of socialist transformation of society, ex­ cept in its pious rhetoric. March 22 Movement The union federations, the CGT sub­ The March 22 Movement is a coalition servient to the ,PCF, the Christian and of organizations and of individuals in­ Social Democrat Unions, are marked by cluding anarchists, trotskyites, and mao­ their willingness to compromise. They ists. Their agitation goes beyond the no longer question the structure of so­ framework of UNEF and centers itself ciety. Indeed, they are even incapable of directly in the political arena -- the effectively leading a reformist struggle struggle is against capitalism in all its against the bosses (which is at least forms. It engages in theoretical discus­ possible for moderate German and U.S. sions, diverse agitations and provocations. unions). strikes are always limited to The March 22 Movement then included individual companies, or when they are one-tenth of the ten thousand regular on the level of the industry or nation, they students at the University of Nanterre. are grossly ineffective affairs which last The leader of the Movement is Daniel an hour, or at most a day. From time to Cohn-Bendit. He is a brilliant orator time the unions organize a national day and remarkable organizer, endowed with of protest to remind the employers of an authority over the masses by virtue their presence and to give the workers of his personality alone. Daniel is an the illusion that they are being defended. anarchist. The student movement up until 1968 France is moved by the agitation at was scarcely more militant than the Nanterre. The government closes the rest of the population. The student union, university and arrests five leaders of the UNEF, which had its hour of glory the Movement: a fatal decision which was during the war in organizing to spark the crisis of May 1968. the most re30lute struggles, was more and more· losing its base. In addition The Demonstrations to a union of the right, the FNEF, which was created in opposition to it, it en­ Thursday, - The University of countered the growing opposition of the Nanterre is closed by the government. rightist tendencies within the organi­ Friday, - A meeting of protest zation itself. is organized in the courtyard of the the Latin Quarter, decide not to leave it of their own immediate demands. On the The only force of real resistance in Sorbonne (territory forbidden to the po­ until the three demands are satisfied. other hand, to the extent that they desire the country was the radical students, lice.)The government arrests five hundred Several thousand people, students and the total upheaval of society, they clearly constituting certainly a minority (4000­ militants. The police brutally try to break workers, surround themselves completely saw the need for participation of workers 5000), but giving some spark to univer­ up the meeting. (The numerous tactical with barricades and wait. Numerous indi­ in the struggle. sity life. An important fact to note is mistakes made by the government is one viduals and organizations try to intervene Als'), from the beginning, a call to the that all the groups of radical students of the themes of all the events in May). with the government. It is DeGaulle per­ burst forth spontaneously. are Marxist-Leninists (situated obviously Spontaneously, in a way that no militant sonally who gives the order not to concede. The slogan, .. student solidarity with the to the left of the PCF). That is to say, would have dared to hope for, a demon­ At two in the morning the attack on the workers" echoed constantly. When stu­ all of them recognize the necessity of stration takes form. Demonstrators re­ barricades begins. The resistance lasts dents marched, the few sympathy demon­ proletarian revolution, of the preponderant sist. The first student barricades appear. six hours. The cops show unprecedented strations by workers on the passage of role of the working class, and of a Balance sheet of the day: two or three brutality -- systematic clubbing (including the marchers were wildly applauded. It revolutionary workers party. thousand participate. Fifty wounded in residents of the Quarter), the use of is here that we find again the influence three hours of fighting. incendiary grenades, and toxic gasses that the radical student groups exercised Monday, - UNEF organizes a forbidden by the Convention. on the mass of students. The Situation - Early '68 demonstration against Friday's repres- Balance sheet: hundreds injured, many On the morning of May 10th, all eyes It wouldn't· have been possible to pre­ sion. Ten thousand participate to the very seriously. It is even possible that and all hopes of the students were turned ------dict the May revolution at the opening cry of .. down with repression. Free our some were killed. toward the working class. of school in 1968. But in retrospect, comrades." Towards late afternoon they How is it possible that such a large some signs were there. pour out in front of the Sorbonne which mass of ordinary students, outnumbering The students, for the first time in is occupied by police. Six hours of battle. completely the radical minority, found At the call of all their unions, students many years, begin to express their dis­ More than 800 injured -- at least half themselves in the street? There are three content with force. During the entire of them cops. reasons. Ponce brutality provoked mass workers, teachers, a million of them, first session, strikes and demonstrations Tuesday, - A new demonstration indignation and student solidarity. This find themselves in the streets of Paris, take place. The UNEF grows in size. organized by UNEF, which announces pushed many moderates and apolitical walking or marching in place for hours, The working class also shows signs three demands: liberation of all political students into the struggle. Second, the stupefied at their own number. of militance. The government makes a prisoners, re-opening of Nanterre and students found in these violent acts a series of decisions which strike hard the Sorbonne, withdrawal of police from means of expressing their discontent, Everyone is united against DeGaulle. at their standard of living. .. Savage" the Latin Quarter. Fifty thousand people while traditional UNEF action, with its "ten years is enough". /I Happy Birthday strikes (that is to say, strikes called are massed behind red flags marching bureaucracy and lack of inspiration, had mon general". "Kick out the DeGaulle ". AUGUST 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 7 -...... --::.;=~~~------_...... ::..:..:.:;;:,~.:.=.:.;~.:-_------..;"".;,.,~ The unions would have liked everything of their struggle. They declaredef1n1t1veiy occupied factory. Centers in each school stration. While DeGaulle announces his to stop there. But after long discussions that their struggle isthe workers' struggle send out groups to each factory of a referendum on "participation", all Paris whlle marching about the reformist against the bourgeois society through its region with food, money and other supplies. is bathed in fire and blood. Barricadesare strategy of the union, the students suc­ instrument: the university. The workers At the end of each day, the different thrown up in every quarter. The Bourse ceeded in keeping the workers with them. are urgently invited to all the schools; groups meet to. synthesize their actions. (financial center) and police stations are At 7:00 P.M., at the agreed-upon dis­ they come, out of curiosity, admiration, In these committees everyone works to­ ravaged. persal point, the unions' attempt to pre­ out of solidarity or as a result of contacts gether. The marxist groups directactivity Balance sheet: two dead, hundreds vent the workers from joiningthe students made on the 13th of May. In these com­ and all students discover the dynamics wounded. who are holding a meeting-debate in the mittees, they'discuss the unions, the of revolutionary action. On Monday, , the workers in park. Nevertheless, several thousand Communist Party and the revolution. But The organization of material solidarity workers come to see for themselves something is missing. The workers who the largest companies unanimously reject come are a minority. At the factory gates, is only the first task of the action com­ the piddling agreements that the union what these "adventureres" , anarchists mittees. The real aim is ideological -­ and leftists look like. (The Communist the students encounter indifference, em­ the communication and development of leadership obtained. The slogan "Govern­ Party had been ranting against the stu­ barrassment, and incomprehension. The a revolutionary ideal. There are numerous ment of the People" becomes more and dents in its newspaper for days, alarmed students themselves are still awkward tasks. When a local union is timid, the more general. Monday eveiling sixty thou· even by the fact that we were preventing with the workers. Rapport is difficult. committees try to strengthen the organi­ sand students and workers meet in the II serious" students from working.) All of these hesitations will be swept zation of those against the union. When Charlety where diverse revolu­ The size of the demonstration is most away by the new phase of the struggle, the strike works, the students talk with tionary tendencies affirm the possibility significant. While various national days the strike. workers (who usually accept the students of taking power. On Tuesday, , of protest organized by the CGT brought, Cohn-Bendit returns to France despite at most, a hundred thousand people to Occupation of the Factories quite readily) about the problem of the the police and speaks at the Sorbonne. Paris, the agitation of the students brought unions and existing political parties. The state is completely undone. The Whenever possible, the students try to out ten times that number. What does this Wednesday, , the first factory police are disabled; their unions issue integrate the most radical workers into mean? DOUbtless, a real discontent exists goes on strike, workers occupy the build­ communiques in which they ask the govern­ the action committees, to create an action ment not to force them to confront· the in the working class which was brought ings as they did in 1936. Thursday, , committee within the company with work­ to the surface by the cops' massive , the largest company in France, strikers. The bourgeoisie is stupefied; brutality against the students. The es­ does the same. All industries, little by ers and some students who are radical. the "liberal"· newspaper "Le Figaro" tablished unions appeared to the workers little, follow suit -- then the service, the The purpose is to have regular discussion writes an editorial fJ.vorable to a govern­ as timid and ineffective. Student demon­ banks, the insurance companies, the to try to formulate a strategy that goes ment of the left, which now appears strations provided the workers with a department stores, etc. By , there beyond the weakness of the traditional the only one capable of avoiding the new stimulus to express tneir long sup- unions -- to bring together the most worst". On Wednesday, May 28, the pres­ are 9 or 10 million strikers, half of them radical workers of the same plant, of the pressed anger. . occupYing their buildings, the largest sure of its rank and file is so strong At the meeting that night of May 13, same branch of industry, and thereby that the CGT, which had been hostile strik e movement ever seen in France. break the isolation of each plant which students and workers decided to continue The occupations take place largelywith­ to any demonstration, calls the workers the struggle. out the consent of the unions. At the had been cleverly maintained by the CGT. to the streets. Three hundred thousand beginning, in most cases, it is the young The action committees have sometimes cry "Government of the people!". been successful in establishing a counter­ Occupation of the University workers, not old-time union members, During all these days, the working who 'urge the union representatives toact. power in the industry -- that is, they have class, without any doubt, could have seized With this first new uprising of the I! the union refuses to take the initiative, re-opened the plant under the direction power. The bourgeois state no longer of the workers themselves and for the workers, a new style of struggle by the the young workers call meetings of all existed. The masses were ready. The the others. The workers alone take ini­ profit of the strikers. For example, the students appears. In a short time, the factory CSF made transistors and walkie­ only factor missing was a revolutionary pattern becomes traditional; an assembly tiative and even shut themselves inside leadership. The Communist Party, whose the plants to force the unions to follow. talkies for the use of strikers and students. of students decrees the occupation of a student-worker committees also directed members are the majority of the most university bUilding and immediately com­ After observing the extent of the move­ radical elements of the working class, ment for several days, union leadership the organization of a city (provisions, mittees are created. garbage disposal, fight against speculative backed down. The unions, totally inert, The committees represent a new tries to take a lead in order to control the went on negotiating with a government achievement in the struggle. Students movement. Henceforth, it will be the pricing, etc.). The action committees are a new type that the people as a whole wanted to meet in groups, anywhere, to discuss unions who call the strikes. But the overthroy.' by. any means necessary. unions act C~;)' at· the plant level, and of union in the struggle of the most anything. Quickly the discussions become radical workers and students. They have Thursday, . DeGaulle pounds organized. Rooms are assigned. The they have never "officially" called for organized several tens of thousands of his fist on the table. He demands tliat membership of the committees is posted. a general strike. people in all of France. In Paris there order be re-established and throws the The work of reflectionand of confrontation The unions are concerned that .the are 400 such committees. They hold a left some electoral crumbs. The estab­ which will last several weeks, has begun. increase in salaries has fallen behind general assembly, have elected a steer­ lished left, to save its own face~ jumps The students are aware of their mission. the increase in cost of living. They want ing committee which is immediately rl:'­ eagerly at the upcoming elections. The They must contest all the bases of society. the workers to be struggling for a few callable, and started a daily newspaper, Communist Party and the CGT suddenly They must develop anew university which more points in the percentage scales. "Action". which publishes 50.000 copies. forget their momentary lapse -- a pop-

. - is not the instrument of capitalism; they They do everything possible to remove Their platform calls for revolutionary ular government! They declare that the must reflect with new spirit on all from the workers' struggle any trace action in the struggle for socialism and workers only fight for lheir "legitimate problems. of ~evOlutionary confrontation with the refusal to compromise with established rights". They plunge into the electoral Under these conditions it is impossible economic system. unions and parties. battle with relief, knowing quite well to take exams. This question will be the However, the occupation of the factories The action committees are character­ in advance that they will be defeated. subject of numerous debates. As soon represents in itself an act of violent ized, above all, by their style of direct They separate the issue. of the strike as one speaks of challenging exams a negation of capitalist notions of the sanctity democracy. Each committee is autono­ (With its claims and its protest) from crowd of moderate and timorous students of private property. The most militant mous and freely develops its political politics(which is the "privilege" of the presents itself, hostile to all change; faction of workers, the one that draws line. Each, committee decided whether Congress). They show, if proof was still the discussion bogs down. There is fear all others behind it, is creating apolitical or not to accept the decisions of the needed, that they have completely abaDd­ that the blow will be fatal for the student strike, a revolutionary one. Political steering committee and adopts the tactics oned all revolutionary perspective. movement. But finally radicals extricate because they want to get rid of the and propaganda which suits its situation From onwards, the bourgeoisie themselves from the situation: one after Gaullist regime. (This object is explicit, best. There are action committees in recovers it s wits. The strikers are stUI another in all the schools the moderates especially in the strikes in relatively the schools, in the neighborhoods, and out, but the State is reconsiituted. Every­ are vanquished. The principle of supres­ well-paid sectors). Revolutionarybecause in the plants. This revolutionary organi­ body becomes Gaullist once again and the sion of the exams in June is accepted. many have understood that they are en­ zation has arisen from the bottom in extreme right joins the chorus. The franc Strike committees and schpol groups are gaged in a struggle that can only be the course of a struggle which has poli­ gains some points on the foreign markets. elected. The discussions continue. They terminated by a total defeat of the bour­ ticized students and the mass of workers. The press begins its campaign of intoxi­ begin to work out a revolution for the geoisie -- the complete elimination of cation and talks about the upcoming return university. the boss, without which all that is gained to work. The action committees immedi­ Parallel to these discussions another will be taken away. The Revolutionary Situation ately answer with a bread campaign of type of organization takes form: the The government obtained a vote of disintoxication by means of counter-press student-worker-action committee. They Student/Worker Action Comm .­ confidence from the National Assembly releases, newspapers, posters,wall news­ answer the need to put in practice the ittees·: and forbade the return of Cohn-Bendit. papers, and the like. beautiful ideas of the solidarity with On Thursday, , several thousand CONTINUED ON PAGE 12 the workers' movement. They begin at Student action committees focus their students began a sponbneous demonstra­ Nanterre: the students are going to dis­ attention on the occupied factories. tion, with barricades. On , the day tribute leaflets in front of the factories students organize material campaigns of of the· DeGaulle speech, the UNEF and of the region explaining the m~~g solidarity in the entire region of the the action committees call for a demon- PAGE 8 THE MOVEMENT AUGUST 1968

~.., HUEYNEWTON TALKS TO THE MOVEMENT ABOUT THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY,CULTURAL NATIONALISM, SNCC, LIBERALS AND WHITE REVOLUTIONARIES

THE MOVEMENT: The question ofnation­ wealth of the country is controlled by the' alism is a vital one in the black move­ people and they are~ considered when­ ment today. Some have made a distinction ever modifications in the industries are between cultural nationalism and revolu­ made. tionary nationalism. Would you comment The Black Panther Party is a revolu­ on the differences and give us your tionary Nationalist group and we see' views? a major contradiction between capitalism in this country and our interests. We HUEY P, NEWTON: There are two kinds realize that this country became very of nationalism, revolutionary nationali~m rich upon slavery and that slavery is and reactionary nationalism. Revolution­ capitalism in the extreme. We have two ary nationalism is first dependent upon evils to fight, capitalism and racism. a people's revolution with the end goal We must destroy both racism and capi­ being the people in power. Therefore talism. to be a revolutionary nationalist you would by necessity have to be a social­ MOVEMENT: Directly related to the ist. If you are a reactionary nationalist question of nationalism is the question tion of the interests of the black have­ who are really standing for justice and you are not a socialist and your end of unity within the - black community. nots, which represents about 98% ofblacks equality and peace throughout the world. goal is the oppression of .the people. There has been some Question about this here in America. We're not controlled They are the people of Vietnam, the Cultural nationalism, or pork chop since the Black Panther Party has run by the white mother country radicals people of Latin America, the people of nationalism, as I sometimes call it, is candidates against other black candidates nor are we controlled by the black bour­ Asia, the people of Africa, and the black basically a problem of having the wrong in recent California elections. , What is geoisie. We have a mind of our own people in the black colony here in America. political perspective. It seems to be a your position on thiS'matter? and if the black bourgeoisie cannot align reaction instead of responding to poli­ itself with our complete program, then tical oppression. The cultural nationalists HUEY: Well a very peculiar thing has the black bourgeoisie sets itself up as White Revolutionaries are concerned with returning to the old happened. Historically you got what Mal­ our enemy. And they will be attacked This presents somewhat of a problem African culture and thereby regaining colm X calls the field nigger and the and treated as such. in many ways to the black revolutionar~ their identity and freedom. In other words, house nigger. The house nigger had some especially to the cultural nationalist. The they feel that the African culture will privileges, a little more. He got the MOVEMENT: The Black Panther Party cultural nationalist doesn't understand the automatically bring political freedom. worn-out clothes of the master and he has had considerable contact with white white revolutionaries because he can't Many times cultural nationalists fall into didn't have to work as hard as the field radicals since its earliest days. What see why anyone white would turn on the line as reactionary nationalists. black. He came to respect the master do you see as the role of these white system. So they think that maybe this is Papa Doc in is an excellent to such an extent until he identified with radicals? some more hypocrisy being planted by example of reactionary nationaU sm. He the master because he got a few of the white people. oppresses the people but he does promote leftovers that the field blacks did not HUEY: The white mother country radical I personally think that there are many the African culture. He's against anything get. And through this identity with him, is the off-spring of the children of the young white revolutionaries who are sin­ other then black, which on the surfac:e he saw the slavemaster's interest as beast that has plundered the world ex­ cere in attempting to realign themselves seems very good, but for him it is only being his interest. Sometimes he would ploiting all people, concentrating on the with mankind, and to make a reality out to mislead the people. He merely kicked even protect the slavemaster more than people of color. These are children of of the high moral standards that their out the racists and replaced them with the slavemaster would protect himself. the beast that seek now to be redeemed fathers and forefathers only expressed. himself as the oppressor. Many of the Malcolm makes the point that if the because they realize that their former In pressing for new heroestheyoungwhite nationalists in this country seem to desire master's house happened to catch on fire heroes, who were slave masters and revolutionaries found the heroes in the the same ends. the house Negro will work harder than murderers, put forth ideas that were black colony at home and in the colonies The Black Panther Party, which is a the master to put the fire out and save only facades to hide the treachery they throughout the world. revolutionary group of black people, the master's house. While the field Negro, inflicted upon the world. They are turn­ The young white revolutionaries raised realizes that we Pave to have an identity. the field blacks was praying that the ing their backs on their fathers. the cry for the troops to withdraw from We have to realize our black heritage house burned down. The house black The white mother country radical, Vietnam, hands off Latin America, with­ in order to give us strength to move identified with the master so much that in resisting the system, becomes some­ draw from the Dominican Republic and on and progress. But as far as returning when the master would get sick the what of an abstract thing because he's also to withdraw from the black community to the old African culture, it's unneces­ house Negro would say, "Master, we's not oppressed as much as black people or the black colony. So you have a situation sary and it's not advantageous in many sickI" . are. As a matter of fact his oppression in which the young white revolutionaries respects. We believe that culture itself is somewhat abstract simply because are attemptingto identifywith the oppress­ will not liberate us. We're going to need he doesn't have to live in a reality of ed people of the colonies and against the some stronger stuff. Black Bourgeoisie oppression. exploiter. The Black Panther Party are the field Black people in America and colored The problem arises then in what part blacks, we're hoping the master dies if people throughout the world suffer not they can play. How can they aid the col­ Revolutionary Nationalism he gets sick. The Black bourgeoisie seem only from exploitation, but they suffer ony? How can they aid the Black Panther A good example of revolutionary nation­ to be acting in the role of the house Negro. from racism. Black people here in Party or any other black revolutionary alism was the revolution in Algeria when They are pro-administration. They would America, in the black colony, are op­ group? They can aid the black revolut­ Ben Bella took over. The French were like a few concessions made, but as far pressed because we're black and we're ionaries first by simply turning away kicked out but it was a people'S revolu­ as the overall setup, they have a little exploited. The whites are rebels, many from the establishment, and se~ondly tion because the people ended up in more material goods, a little more ad­ of them from the middle class and as by choosing their friend~. For instance, power. The leaders that took over' were vantage, a few more privileges than the far as any overt oppression this is not they have a choice between whether they not interested in the profit motive where black have-nots; the lower class. And the case. So therefore I call their re­ will be a friend of Lyndon Baines John­ they could exploit the people and keep so they identify with the power structure jection of the system somewhat of an son or a friend of . A friend them in a state of slavery. They nation­ and they see their interests as the power abstract thing. They/ re looking for new of Robert Kennedy or a friend of lio alized the industry and plowed the would­ structure's interest. In fact, it's against heroes. They're looking to wash away Chi Minh. And these are direct opposites. be profits into the community. That's their interest. the hypocrisy that their fathers have A friend of mine or a friend of Johnsons. what socialism is all about in a nutshell The Black Panther Party was forced presented to the world. In doing this After they make this choice then the white The people's representatives are in office to draw a line of demarcation. We are they see the people who are really fight­ revolutionaries have a duty and a respon­ strictly on the leave of ~he people. The for all of those who are for the promo- ing for freedom. They see th~ people sibility to act. AUGUST 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 9

The imperialistic or capitalistic system strongly about dealing with the protectors supporting SNCC. Whiteswereafraidwhen puts the omnipotent administrator into occupies areas. It occupies Vietnam now. of the system is simply because without Stokely came along with Black Power and the controlling position or the front office They occupy them by sending soldh>rs this 'protection from the army, the police said that black people have a mind oftheir and the supermasculine menial into the there, by sending policeman there. The and the militarY,the institutions could not own and that SNCC would be an all­ field. policemen or soldiers are only a gun in go on in the,ir racism and exploitation. black organization and that SNCC would The whole relationship developed so the establishmenfs hand. They make the For instance, as the Vietnamese are seek self-determination for the black that the omnipotent administrator and the racist secure in his racism. The gun in driving the American imperJalist troops community. The white liberals withdrew supermasculine menial becameopposites. the establishment's hand makes the estab­ out of Vietnam, it automatically stops their support leaving the organization The slave being a very strong body doing lishment secure 'in its exploitation. The the racist imperialist institutions of A­ financially bankrupt. The blacks who were all the practical things, all of the work first problem it seems is to remove the merica from oppressing that particular in the organization, Stokely and H. Rap becomes very masculine. The omnipotent gun from the establishment's hand. Until country. The country cannot implement Brown, were left very angry with the administrator in the process of remov­ lately the white radical has see,n no reason its racist program witp.out the guns. And white liberals who had been aiding them ing himself from all body functions to come into conflict with the policemen the guns are the- military and the police. under the disguise of being sincere. They realizes later that he has emasculated in his own community. The reason I said If the military were disarmed in Vietnam, weren't sincere. himself. And this is very disturbing to until recently is because there is friction then the Vietnamese would be victorious. The result was that the .leadership of him. So the slave lost his mind and the now in the mother country between the We are in the same situation here in SNCC turned' away from the white literal, slave-master his body. young white revolutionaries and the police. America. Whenever we attack the system. which was very good. I don't think they Because now the white revolutionaries are the first thing the administrators do is to distinguished between the white liberal attempting to put some of their ideas into send out their strongarm men. If it's a and the white revolutionary, because the Penis Envy action, and there's the rub. We say that rent strike, because ofthe indecent housing white revolutionary is white also and they This caused the slave-master to become it should be a permanent thing. we have, they will send out the police to are very much afraid to have any contact very envious of the slave bec:;luse he Black people are being oppressed inthe throw the furniture out the window. They whatsoever with white people. Even to the pictured the slave as being more of a colony by white policemen,by white rac­ don't come themselves. They send their point of denying that the white revolution­ man, being superior sexually, because ists. We are saying they must withdraw. protectors. So to deal with the corrupt aries could give support, by supportingthe the penis is part of the body. The omni­ We' realize that it is not only the Oakland exploiter you are going to have to deal programs of SNCC in the mother country. potent administrator laid down a decree police department but rather the security with his protector, which is the police Not by making any programs, not by being when he realized that his plan to enslave forces in general. On it wasn't who take orders from him. This is a must. a member of the organization, but simply the black man had a flaw, when he dis­ just the Oakland police department who by resisting. Just as the Vietnamese people covered that he had emasculated himself. ambushed the Panthers. It was the Oak­ MOVEMENT: Would you like to be more realize that they are supported whenever He attempted to bind the penis of the land police department,the Emeryville specific on the conditions which must exist other oppressed people throughout the slave. He attempted to show that his police department and I wouldn't be sur­ before an alliance or coalition canbe form­ world resist. Because it helps divide the penis could reach further than the super­ prised if there were others. When the ed with predominantlywJiite groups? Would troops. It drains the country militarily masculine menial's penis. He said "1, white revolutionaries went down to close you comment specifically on your alliance and economically. If the mother country the omnipotent administrator can have up the Army terminal in with the California Peace and Freedom radicals are sincere then this will def­ access to the black woman." The super­ it wasn't the Oakland police by them­ Party? initely add to the attack that we are mak­ masculine menial then had a psychological selves who tried to stop them. It was ing on the power structure. The Black attraction to 'the white woman (the ultra the Oakland police,the Berkel~y police, HUEY: We have an alliance with the Peace Panther Party's program is a program feminine freak) for the simple reason the Highway Patrol, the Sherriff's Depart­ and Freedom Party. The Peace and Free­ where we recognize that the revolution that it was forbidden fruit. The omnipotent ment and the national guard was standing dom Party has supported our program·in in the mother country will definitely aid administrator decreed that this kind of by. SO we see that they're all part of one full and this is the criterion for a coalition us 'in our freedom and has everything to contact would be punished by death. At organization.. They're all a part of the with the black revolutionary group. Ifthey do with o~r struggle! the same time in order to reinforce his security force to protect the status quo; had not supported our program in fUll, sexual desire, to confirm, to assert his to make sure that the institutions carry then we would not have seen any reason manhood, he would go into the slave out their goals. The y' re here to protect to make an alliance with them, because Hate the Oppressor quarters and have sexual relations with the system. we are the reality of the oppression. They I think that one of SNCC' s great prob­ the black women (the self-reliant Amazon). As far as l' m concernedthe only reason­ are not. They are .only oppressed in an lems is that they were controlled by the Not to be satisfied but simply to confirm able conclusion would be to first realize abstract way; we are oppressed in the traditional administrator: the omnipotent his manhood. Becauseifhe can only satiSfy the .enemy,realize the plan,and then when real way. We are the real slaves! So administrator, the white person. He was the self-reliant Amazon then he would be something happens in the black colony-­ it's a problem that we suffer from more the mind of SNCC. And so SNCC regained sure that he was a man. Because he when we're attacked and ambushed in than anyone else and it's our problem of its mind, but I believe that it lost its doesn't have a body, he doesn't have a the ,black colony--then the white revolut­ liberation. Therefore we should decide ionary students and intellectuals and all what measures and what tools and what the other whites who support the colony programs to use to become liberated. should respond by defending us,by attack­ Many of the young white revolutionaries ing the enemy in their community. Every realize this and I see no reason not to "TO BE A time that we're attacked in our community have a coalition with them. there should be a reaction by the white REVOLUTIONARY revolutionaries;they should respond by MOVEMENT: Other black groups seem to defending us, by attacking part of the sec­ feel that from past experience it is im­ urity force. Part of that security force possible for them to work with whites and NATIONALIST that is determined to carry out the racist impossible for them to form alliances. ends of the American institutions. What do you see as the reasons for this and YOU WOULD BY As far as our party is concerned, the do you think that the history of the Black Black Panther Party is an all black party, Panther Party makes this less of a prob­ NECESSITY HAVE because we feel as Malcom X felt that lem? there can be no black-white unity until there first is black unity. We have a pro­ TO BE A blem in the black colony that is particular SNCC and Liberals to the colony, but we're willing to accept "'HUEY: There was somewhat of an un­ SOCIALIST" aid from the mother country as long as the healthy relationship in the past with the mother country radicals realize that we white liberals supporting the black people have, as Eldridge Cleaver says in SOUL who were trying to gain their freedom. I ON ICE, a mind of our own. We've re­ think that a good example of this would be gained our mind that was taken awayfrom the relationship that SNCC had with its political perspective. I think that this t penis, he psychologicallywants to castrate us and we will decide the political as well white liberals. I call them white liberals was a reaction rather than a response. the black man. The slave was constantly as the practical stand that we'll take. because they differ strictly from the 'white The Black Panther Party has NEVER seeking unity within himself: a mind and We'll make the theory and we'll carry radicals. The relationship was that the been controlled by white people. The a body. He always wanted to be able to out the practice. It's the duty of the white whites controlled SNCC for a very long Black Panther Party has always been a decide, to gain respect from his woman. revolutionary to aid us inthis. time. From the very start of SNCC until black group. We have always had an in­ Because women want one who can control. .S9 the role of the mother country radi­ here recently whites were the mind of tegration of mind and body. We have I give this outline to fit into a framework cal, and he does have a -role, is to first SNCC. They controlled the program of never been controlled by whites and there­ of what is happening now. The white choose his friend and his enemy and SNCC with money and they controlled the fore we don't fear the white mother country power structure today in America .defines after doing this, which it seems he's ideology, or the stands SNCC would take. radicals. Our alliance is one of organized itself as the mind. They want to control already done, then to not only articulate The blacks in SNCC were completelycon­ black groups with organized white groups. the world. They go off and plunder the his desires to regain his moral standard trolled program-wise; they couldn'tdo any As soon as the organized white groups do world. They are the policemen 'of the and align himself with humanity, but also more than these white liberals wanted them not do the things that would benefit us in world exercising control especially over to put, this into practice' by attacking to do, which wasn't very much. So the white our struggle for liberation, that will be people of color. the protectors of the institutions. liberals were not working for self-deter­ our departure point. So we don't sutter mination for the black community. They in the hangup of a skin color. We don't Re-capture the Mi~d MOVEMENT: You have spoken a lot about were interested in a few concessions from hate white people; we hate the oppressor. the power structure. They undermined And if the oppressor happens to be white The white man cannot gain his manhood, dealing with the protectors of the system, cannot unite with the body because the the armed forces. Would you like to elab­ SNCC's program. then we hate him. When he stops oppressing Stokely Carmichael came along and us then we no longer hate him. And right body is black. The body is symbolic of orate on why you place so much emphasis slavery and strength. It's a biological on this? realizing this started to follow Malcolm now in America you have the slave-master X's program of Black Power. This fright­ being a white group. We are pushing him thing as he views it._ The slave is in' HUEY: The reasons that I feel very ened many of the white liberals who were out of office through revolution in this a much better situation because his not country. I think the responsibility of the being a full man has always been viewed white revolutionary will be to aid us in psychologically. And it's always easier this. And when we are attacked by the police to make a psychological transition than or by the military then it will be up to the a biological one. If he can only recapture white mother country radicals to attack' his mind, recapture his balls, then he the murderers and to respond as we re­ will lose all fear and will be free to spond, to follow our program. determine his destiny. This is what is happening at this time with the rebellion of the world's oppressed people against "·WE DON'T HATE Slave Masters the controller. They are regaining their MOVEMENT: You indicate that there is mind and they're saying that we have a WHITE PEOPLE, a psychological process that has histori­ mind of our own. They're saying that we cally existed in white-black relations in the want freedom to determine the destiny U S. that must change in th,e course of of our people, thereby uniting the mind WE HATE THE revolutionary struggle. Would you like to with their bodies. They are taking the comment on this? mind back from the omnipotent admini­ OPPRESSOR: IF strator, the controller, the exploiter. "HUEY: Yes. The historical relationship In America black people are also chant­ THE OPPRESSOR between black and white here in America ing that we have a mind of our own. has been the relationship between the We must have freedom to determine slave and the master; the master being our destiny. It's almost a spiritual thing, HAPPENS TO BE the mind and the slave the body. The this unity, this harmony. This unity of slave would carry out the orders that the mind and of the body, this unity of WHITE, THEN WE the mind demanded him to carry out. man within himself. Certain slogans of By dOIng this the master took the man· Chairman Mao I think demonstrate this hood from the slave because he stripped theory of uniting the mind with the body HATE HIM." him of a mind. He stripped black people within the man. An example is his call of their mind. In the process the slave­ to the intellectuals to go to the country­ master stripped himself of a body. As side. The peasants in the countryside Eldridge puts it the slave master became are all bodies; they're the workers. And the omnipotent administrator and the slave he sent the mtellectuals there because became the supermasculine menial. This CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE AUG ST 1968

The law glvetn and the law taketh. mento didn't like what I was doing, in, The Black Panther Party, represented away. The Left and the DA were equally my speeches and Black Panther associ­ by Charles Garry, had filed an injunction surprised when Eldridge Cleaver, Mini­ ations." The Parole Officer was not to end persecution of Party members ster of Information of the Black Panther allowed to testify by the Adult Authority. and to halt all current and pending court Party, walked out of jail a free man A hot argument broke out between action against its members until the last month, described by the judge as Garry and state Deputy Attorney General persecution had ended. HUEY a political prisoner, not a criminal. No Edward 0'Brien. 0'Brien claimed that (1) The defense this time was the CONTINUED FROM PAGE 9 one was surprised at all when another as an ex-convict, Cleaver "does not stand DA's office, and the court did not require the dictatorship of the proletariat has suit by the Panthers, to end cop harras­ in the same position as a private citi­ them to argue. (2) said the defense at­ no room for the omnipotent administrator; ment of them in Oakland, was turned zen who had not been convicted"; that is torneys "The charges have been alleged there's no room for the exploiter. So down in Federal Court in san Francisco. -- he doesn't have the same constitution-. and denied; therefore the case should therefore he must go to the countryside al guarantees. be dismissed," (3) The court simply to regain his body; he must work. He Case # 1: Victory accepted the DA's denial that any per­ secution was taking place. is really done a fa VOl', because the people force him to unite his mind with his The American judicial system does Here Come the Judge The suit had been placed against the not generally recognize political prison­ When 0'Brien told the judge that no City of Oakland, Mayor John Reading, body by putting them both to work. At ers. It _ carefully masks the jailing of ·hearing date had been set on the parole Police Chief Gain, Policeman Herbert the same time the intellectual teaches political opposition in the disguise of Heanes, and the Alameda County SUperior the people political ideology, he educates revocation, though two months had passed, them, thus uniting the mind and the "criminality". After the Oakland Police Judge Sherwin got annoyed. Court. It charged that they "sought to ambushed Black Panther Party members At the end of the day's session, Judge exterminate the Black Panthers;" that bo.dy in the peasant. Their minds and on April 6, murdering Bobby Hutton and Sherwin commented: "First, regarding the Grand Jury was unconstitutionally bodies are united and they control their wounding Eldridge Cleaver, the authori­ a charge of non-cooperation with his selected because it excluded minorities country. I think this/, is a very good ties followed up with a legal attack. They parole officer ... it just is not true. and the poor; that Gain's public appear­ example of this unity and it is nlY idea claimed that Cleaver had violated parole "second, regarding alleged possession ances and statements on TV and in the of the perfect man. by allowing himself to be attacked and of a weapon, you heard the testimony press were inflammatory and prejUdicial threw him in jail. (Cleaver's unconditional denial). Third, to the pantlier:s court cases; and that The Guerrilla MOVEMENT: You mentioned at another point that the guerrilla was the perfect man and this kind of formulation seems to fit in directly with the guerrilla as CLEAVER FREED a political man. Woul9.you like to conunent on this? HUEY: Yes. The guerrilla is a very unique man. This is incontrast to Marxist­ Leninist orthodox theories where the party controls the military, The guerrilla is not only the warrior, the military fighter; he is also the military commander as well as the political theoretician, Debray says "poor the pen without the guns, poor the gun without the pen", The pen being just an extension of the mind, a .tool to write down concepts, ideas. The gun is only an extension of the body, the extension of our fanged teeth that we lost through evolution. It's the weapon, it's the claws that we lost, it's the body. The guerrilla is the military commander and the political theoretician all in one, In Bolivia Che said that he got very little hEilp from the Communist Party there. The Communist Party wanted to be the mind, the Communist Party wanted to have full control of the guerrilla activity. But yet weren't taking part in the practical work of the guerrillas. The guerrilla on the other hand is not only united within himself, but he alsoattempts to spread this to the people by educating the villagers, giving them political per­ spective, pointing out things, educating them politically, and arming the people, Therefore the guerrilla is giving the peasants and worke rs a mind. Because they've already got the body you get a Cleaver's lawyer,Charles GarrY,charg­ alleged association with individuals of an atmosphere of intimidation made it unity of the mind and the body. Black ed that both the conditions of the parole bad reputation -- there is no evidence difficult for the Panthers to present their people here in America, who have long and the revocation of it were illegal, of that." views. been the workers, have regained our He argued that ever since Cleaver's im­ To cap it all, Judge Sherwin ended minds and we now have a unity of mind prisonment in 1960, when Cleaver joined with this judgment: "Not only was there Innocence by Denial and body. the Muslims inside San Quentin, he had absence of cause for cancellationof parole, been "constantly persecuted, hounded and it was the product of a type of p::-essure District Attorney Coakley said itwasn't MOVEMENT: Would you be willing to harassed by the Department of Correct­ unbecoming, to say the least, to the law so. The court was satisfied with that. extend this formula in terms of white ions and the ~dult AuthGrit)r, because h@ enforcement of this state" . No evidence was necessary, radicals; to say that one oftheir struggles is black and has been an active, vocal The State Attorney, mindblown, filed George Cahalan, Oakland City attorney, today is to get back their bodies. and militant defender of the oppressed an appeal to hold up Cleaver's release. was even balder. "If the laws on murder, black people." While on parole from The JUdge was unwilling to add to the kidnapping and other serious crimes are HUEY: Yes. I thought 1 made that clear. to Cleaver $50,000 bail already laid on Cleaver valid," he said, "there is no case for The white mother country radical b" had joined the Black Panther Party and, for the shootout, and did not want to injunction." Constitutional protections becoming an activist is attempting to said Garry, "made speeches, wrote art­ make him stay in jail while the appeal were not meant to apply in cases of regain his body. By being an activist icles and published books and leaflets was decided. Garry pre.ssed for a small "hard core conduct" 1 and not the traditional theoretician who in support of black citizens, members bail to prevent a possible technical re- County Counsel Richard Moore agreed. outlines the plan, as the Communist Party of the Black Panther Party, and others arrest, so the judge ordered Cleaver When the judge asked him, "You mean has been trying to do for ever so long, who were the victims of police brutality released on $25 bail. that there is no constitutional protection the white mother country radical is re­ and selective enforcement of criminal The State saw red, but was helpless. against harassment wher~hard-corecon- gaining his body. The resistance by white laws". A few hours later, Eldridge Cleaver duct is involved?" Moore replied, "Yes, radicals inBerkel~yduring the past three The conditions of parole, said Garry, walked out a free man. that's right, Your Honor." nights is a good indication that the white denied Cleaver the right to "speak or ()_()_()_()_()_()_()_O_()_()_()_()_()_()_() radicals are on the way home, They have write any criticism of the state, county . GOOD NEWS! GOOD NEWS! identified their enemies. The white radi­ or pUblic officials in California," He If the mind of the Adult Authority was boggled by Judge Sherwin's release of cals have integrated theory with practice. denied the Adult Authority's reasons for TJIey realize the American system is the revoking the parole: that Cleaver had Cleaver, it was quick to recover -- for a while. . The Adult Authority decided to try to get their clutches on Cleaver again by real en~my but in order to attack the not cooperated with his parole officer, American system they must attack the had possessed a gun and had associated scheduling a parole hearing on at san Quentin Prison. As THE MOVEMENT goes to press, we have just learned that Sherwin has ordinary cop. In order to attack the with "persons of bad reputation" (the educational system they must attack the E:ack Panthers). enjoined the Adult Authority from holding this hearing -- and he is hailing them ()-~)-()-)-()-() into his court "to show cause, if any they have, why they should not be held in ordinary teacher. Just as the Vietnamese contempt of this court's order ... by scheduling a parole violation hearing." people to attack the American system MONEY IS FREEDOM The Adult Authority's strategy backfired. They hoped to throw Eldridge back must attack the ordinary soldier. The in jail (where, according to cons at Quentin, the authorities were going to have white mother country radicals now are Cleaver was a major target for the him killed in a fake riot). Now, Eldridge is still free and they're in hot water. regaining their bodies and they're also pigs because he was theorganizerbehind When he hea:-d the news, Cleaver commented, "Sherwin must be the last judge recognizing that the black man has a mind ,he Free Huey movement. Much of the in America whO believes in the Constitution." and that he is a man, Panther's time has been spent bailing ()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-() their members out of jail and going MOVEMENT: Would you comment on how through long court cases. For this, Cleaver Free: Free Huey FREE HUEY DEMONSTRATION this psychological understanding aids in money is badly needed -- especially As he walked out of the courthouse People from all over the state of the revolutionary struggle? for the $50,000 collateral they have into the warm sunshine of Fairfax, California, and delegations from all to get for Cleaver's bailbondsman. Cleaver was asked by reporters "What over the country, are being asked to HUEY: You can see that in statements Checks should be sent to the Black will you do now?" gather in the park near the jail where - until recently black people who haven't Panther Defense Fund, PO Box 8641, "My primary concern is Huey P. New­ Huey Newton is being held captive, to been enlightened have defined the white •EmeryvilleBranch, Oakland, California. ton ,.. to see that he is set free," take part in a weekend vigil before man by calling him -the MAN". -The (~()-)-)-()-()-() he replied, Whatever political plans his trial on Monday morning. Man" is making this decision, "The Man" The hearing, in the Solano County Cleaver has, they center on making sure We wish to show the courts, the this and "The Man" that. The black Courthouse in Fairfield, was dramatic. t!lat Alameda ::ounty does not legally City of Oakland, and the County of woman found it difficult to respect the The room was tense, especially before assassinate Huey when his trial begins Alameda tha~ lynch-law justice will not black man because he didn' t even define the chains...;md handcuffs were removed . go unnoticed, There is a large commu­ himself as a man! Because he didn' t from Cleaver. nity that knows Huey is not a criminal. have a mind, because the decision maker When Cleaver was placed on the wit­ Case # 2: Defeat He is a political prisoner of the system. was outside of himself. But the vanguard ness stand,over the state attorney's ob­ We will not toler::.te his assassination. group, the Black Panther Party along jections, he said that the Adult Authority The startled state apparatus did not For more information write to HUEY with all revolutionary black groups have officials had discriminated against him lose every round. The San Francisco DEMONSTRATION, c/o THE MOVE­ regained our mind and our manhood. from the time they learned he was work­ Federal Court, which does not share MENT, 449 14th Street. Or call Karen Therefore we no longer define the omni­ ing for the rights of black prisoners the judicial bravery of Judge Sherwin, at 621-5150 in san Francisco. Let us potent administrator as -the Man" M~tt'e; in San Quentin. His parole officer con­ allowed the Alameda County DA to have know if you. can help in the planning or the authority as -the MAN", sidered him a "model parolee", but, he his way with the absolute minimum of and preparation. of fact the omnipotent administrator along added, "he warned me people in Sacra- legal inquiry. with his security agents are less than a man because WE define them as pigsl ....()-)....()~()~)-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()-()- , THE MOVEMENT PAGE 11 I think that this is a revolutionary thing that have taken place are the answer. crumbs. We want fUll control. We're law school was very much above ground. in itself. That's political power. That's It is true they have been against the not interested in anyone promising that Even his existence in the hills was, so power itself. Matter of fact what is Establishment, they have been against the private owners are going to all of to speak, an above the ground affair power other than the ability to define authority and oppressionwithin their com­ a sudden become human beings and give because he was letting it be known who phenomenon and then make it act in a munity, but they have been unorganized. these things to our community. It hasn't was' doing the damage and why he was desired manner? When black people start However, black people learned from each ever happened and, based on empirical doing the damage. To catch him was a defining things and making it act in a of these insurrections. evidence, we don't expect them to become different story. The only way we can desired manner, then we call this Black They learned from Watts. 1'"1l sure the Buddhists over night. educate the people is by setting an ex­ Power! people in were educated by what ample for them. We feel that this is happened in Watts. Perhapsthiswas wrong MOVEMENT: We raised this question very necessary. MOVEMENT: Would you comment further education. It· sort of missed the mark. not because we feel that these reforms This is a pre-revolutionary period and on what 'you mean by Black Power? It wasn't quite the correct activity, but are possible, but rather to get your we feel it is very necessary to educate HUEY: Black Power is really DeoDle's the people 'were educated through the ideas on what effects such attempted the people while we can. So we're very power. The Black Panther Program, activity. The people of Detroit followed reforms might have on the development open about this education. We have been of a revolutionary struggle. Panther Power as we call it. wiil im- the example of the people in Watts, only attacked and we will be attacked even more in the future but we're not going to go underground until we get ready to go underground because we have a mind of our own. We're not going to let anyone force us to do anything. We're going to go underground after we educate all of th$\ bla,~k people and not before that time. Then it won't really be necessary for us to go underground because you can see black anywhere. We will just have the stuff to protect ourselves arici the strategy to offset the great p:>wer plement this people's power.' We have they added a little scrutiny to it. The HUEY: I think that reforms pose no that the strong-arm men of the establish­ respect for all of humanity and we re­ people in Detroit learned that the way real threat. The revolution has always ment have and are planning to use against alize that the people should rule and to put a hurt on the administration is been in the hands of the young. The young us. determine their destiny. Wipe out the to make Molotov cocktails and to go into always inherit the revolution. The young controller. To have Black Power doesn't the street in mass numbers. So this popUlation is growing at a very rapid White Organizing humble or SUbjugate anyone to slavery was a matter of learning. The slogan rate and they are very displeased with MOVEMENT: Your comments about the or oppression. Black Power is giving went up "Burn, baby, burn". Pepple, were the authorities. They want control. I white prisoners seemed encouraging. Do power to people who have not had power educated through the activity and it spread doubt that under the present system any you see the possibility of organizinv. a to determine theirdestiny. We advocate throughout the country. The people were kind of program can be launched that white Panther Party in opp')sitlon to the and we aid any people who are struglling educated on how to resist, but perhaps will be able to buy off all these young establishment possibly among poor and to determine their destiny. This is re­ incorrectly. people. They have not been able to do working whites? _ gardless of color. The Vietnamese say it with the poverty program, the great Vietnam should be able to determine its Educate Though Activity society, etc. This country has never been HUEY: Well as I put it before Black own destiny. Power of the Vietnamese able to employ all of its people simply Power is people's power and as far as people. We also chant power of the Viet­ What we have to do as a vanguard because it's too interested in private organizing white people we give white namese people. Tne LatinS are taLk1I1g of the revolution is to correct this property and the profit motive. A bigger people the privilege of having a mind about Latin America for the Latin through activity. The large majority of poverty program is just what it says and we want them to get a body. They Americans. Cuba Si and Yanqui, Non. black people are either illiterateor semi­ it is, a program to keep people in pov­ can organize themselves. We can tell It's not that they don' t want the Yankees literate. They don't read. They need erty. So Hlon't think that there is any them what they should do, what their to have any power they just don't want activity to follow. This is true of any real threat from the reforms. responsibility is if they're going to claim them to have power over them. They colonized people. Th!! samethinghappened to bewhite revolutionariesor white mother can have power over themselves. We in in Cuba where it was necessary for MOVEMENT: Would you like to saysome­ country radicals, and that is to arm them­ the black colony in America want to be twelve men with a leadership of Che. thing about the Panther's organizing es­ selves and support the colonies around able to have power over our destiny and and Fidel to take to the hills and then pecially in terms of the youth? the world in their just struggle against that's black power. attack thecorrupt administration; toattack imperialism. But anything more than that the army who were the protectors of the HUEY: The Panthers represent a cross they will have to do on their own. •. MOVEMENT: A lot of white radicals are exploiters in Cuba. They could have leaf­ section of the black community. We liave romantic about what Che said: IfIna revolu­ leted the community and they could have older people as well as younger people. tion one wins or dies ••." For most of us written books, but the people would not The younger people of course arethe ones it is reallyanabstract or theoreticalques­ respond. They had to act and the people who are seen on the streets. They are tion. It's a real question for·Yoo and we'd could see and hear about it and therefore the activists. They are the real vanguard like you to rap about how you feel about it. become educated on how to respond to of change because they haven't been in­ oppression. doctrinated and they haven't submitted. HUEY,Yes. The revolutionary sees no 'in this country black revolutionaries They haven' t been beaten intoline as some compromise. We will not compromise have to set an example. We can't do the of the older people have. But many of because the issue is so basic. If we same things that were done in Cuba the older people realize that we're waging compromise one iota we will be selling because, Cuba is Cuba and the U.S. is a just fight against the oppressor. They our freedom out. We will be selling the the U.S. Cuba has many terrains to are aiding us and they are taking a part revolution out. And we refuse to remain protect the guerrilla. This country is in the program. slaves. As Eldridge says in SOUL ON mainly urban. We have to work out new ICE "a slave who dies of natural causes solutions to offset the power of the Jail will not balance two dead flies on the scales country's technology and communication; MOVEMENT: Tell us something about of eternity." As far as we're concerned its ability to communicate very rapidly we would rather be dead than to go on by telephone and teletype and so forth. your relations with the prisoners in the with the slavery that we're in. Once we We do have solutions to these Droblems jail compromise we will be compromising not and they will be put into effect. I wouldn't only our freedom, but also our manhood. want to go into the ways and means of HUEY: The black prisoners as well as We realize that we're going up against a this, but we will educate through action. mallY of the white prisoners identify highly technical country, and we realize We have to engage in action to make with the program of the Panthers. Of that they are not only paper tigers, as the people want to read our literature. course by the very nature of their being Mao says, but real tigers too because Because they a re not attracted to all prisoners they can see the oppression they have the ability to slaughter many the writing in this country; there's too and they've suffered at the hands of the people. But in the long run, they will much writing. Many books makes one Gestapo. They have rea~ted to it. The prove themselves paper tigers because weary. black prisoners have all joined the Pan­ they're not in line with humanity; they thers, about 95% of them. Now the jail are divorced from the people. We know Threat from Reformers is all Panther and the police are very that the enemy is very powerful and that worried about this. The white prisoners our manhood is at stake, but we feel it MOVEMENT: Kennedy before his death,' can identify with us because they realize necessary to be victorious in regaining and to a lesser extent Rockefeller and that they are not in control. They realize ourselves, regaining our manhood. And Lindsay and other establishment liberals there's some01J.e controlling them and the this is the basic point. So either we will have been talking about making reforms rest of the world with guns. They want do this or we won't have any freedom. to give black peop~e a greater share in some control over their lives also. The Either we will win or we will die trying the pie and thus stop any developing Panthers in jail have been educating them to win. revolutionary movement. Would you com­ and so we are going along with the ment on this? r evolution inside of the jail. HUEY: I would say this: If a Kennedy Mood of Black People or Lindsay or anyone' else can give MOVEMENT: What has been the effect MOVEMENT: How would you characterize decent housing to all of our people; if of the demonstrations outside the jail the mood of black people in America they can give full employment to our calling for" Free Huey"? people with a high standard; if they today? Are they disenchanted, wanting HUEY: Very positive reactions. One a larger slice of the pie, or alienated, can give full control to black people to determine the destiny of their com­ demonstration, I don't remember which not wanting to integrate into a burning one, a couple of trustees,white trustees, house, not wanting to integrate into Baby­ munity; if they can give fair trials in the court system by turning over the held a cardboard sign out the laundry lon? What do you think it will take for window reading "Free Huey". They say them to become alienated and revolu­ structure to the community; if they call end their exploitation of people through­ people saw it and responded to it. They tionary? were very enthusiastic about the demon­ out the world; if they call do all of these strators because they too suffer from HUEY: I was going to say disillusioned, things they would have solved the prob­ lems. But I don' t believe that under this being treated unfairly by the parole auth- , but I don' t think we were ever under orities and by the police here in the jail. the illusion that we had freedom in this present system, under capitalism, that country. This society is definitely a deca­ they will be able to solve these pl'oblems. Open or Underground dent one and we realize it. Black people are realizing it more and more. We cannot ,MOVEMENT; The Panthers organizing gain our freedom under the present sys­ People Must Control efforts have been very open up until this tem; the system that is carrying out its I don't think black people should be point. Would you like to comment about plans of institutionalized racism. Your fooled by their come-ons because every the question of an underground p')litical question is what will have to be done one· who gets in office promises the organization versus an open organization to stimulate them to revolution. I think same thing. They promisefull employment at this point in the struggle? it's already being done. it's a matter and decent housing; the Great Society, of time now for us to educate them to the New Frontier. All of these names, HUEY; Yeah. Some of the black nation­ a program and show them the way to but no real benefits. No effects are alist groups feel that they have to be liberation. The Black Panther Party is felt in the bla,~k community, and black underground because they'll be attacked. the beacon light to show black people people are tired of being deceived and But we don't feel that you can romanticize the way to liberation duped. The people must have full control being underground. They say we're ro­ You notice the insurrections that have of the means of production. Small black mantic because we're trying to live revo­ been going on throughout the country, businesses cannot compete with General lutionary lives, and we are not taking in Watts, in Newark, in Detroit. They Motors. That's just out of the question. precalltions. But we say that the only were all responses of the people demand­ robbed us and worked way we would go underground is if we're ing that they have freedom to determine us for nothing for a couple hundred driven underground. All real revolutionary their destiny, rejecting exploitation. Now years and took our money and '~t' up movements are driven underground. Take the Black Panther Party does not think factories and became fat and rich and' the revolution in Cuba The agitation that the traditional riots, or insurrections then talks about giving us some of the that was going on while FidO!I was in PAGE 12 THE MOVEMENT AUGUST 1968

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7 masses, become material forces, then the future is promising. rhe Communist Party Those who still believed in democracy and peaceful legality, those who had for­ From now on, whether we like it or not, gotten the horrors of the Algerian war, retreat has set in. Before examining this have been forced to reconsider their phase, it is worthwile to try and answer optimism. What we saw defies imagina­ one important Question: Why has the tion: systematic and savage clubbings, Communist Party refused to seizepower? in the streets (including people who were We said before that the -CP no longer not demonstrating), in the paddy-wagons, realistically thought that it would over­ in the police stations, even in private throw France's capitalist regime. It is houses, especially against girls and conditioned by long years of total submis­ colored people (racism has been cons­ sion to the SOv~et Union (which had twice tantly present in this repression), looking before prevented a revolution in France -­ to hit the head, the teeth, the kidneys, in 1936 and 1945 -. in order to protect the sexual organs, often with many cops her own security and her foreign policy). "working" on one lope victim; tortures The party is bureaucratized and comp­ in the police stations, rapings in police letely isolated from any grass roots stations and private houses, tremendous influence. The party, as a political force, injuries by gas grenades, use of for­ is nothing but an apparatus of cadres and bidden chloric gases; a 17 year old high bureacrats, whose only social goal is school student d,rowned, with his head self-preservation. For the Communist cracked. All this clearly reveals to every­ Party, revolution means a jump into a one the repressive character of the terrifying adventure. The word "revolu­ capitalist state. tion" is only kept in public speeches in Another crisis is unavoidable, whether order to win the confidence oftheworking it is a matter of months or years. If class. . French capitalism doesn' t quickly reform The Communist Party policy was not itself to catch up with the concessions to organize an insurrection. It didn't try it made to the workers, it will suffer to ensure the generalized seizure of an unprecedented economic crisis because control over the means of production on of the international market situation. On the part of the workers. Its policy was the other hand, if is annuls the conces­ merely to force deGaulle to resign and sions, the working class will not stand to form a coalition government with the by passively. Then too, the revolutionary non-Communist left. But the Communist action committees, which include thou­ P arty backed down even before this modest sands of workers, will continue to exist. policy. If the Party gained power in the It is also likely that the return to school midst of a climate heated by social struggle in the Fall will be marked by major it would have enevitably been pushed to­ disorders. wards a series of policy measures that it did not wish to take. The only strategy that the French left is presently capable Lessons of coping with is victory at the polls; that We have learned that the Communist is seizing power· in a "cold" social cli­ Party is counter-revolutionary. Never­ mate. Ironically, it refused to seizepower theless, we cannot ignore it. If we want on this occasion; the Party knew very to find a truly revolutionary solution well that it could not possibly win the to another crisis, we will have to find next elections. a way to counter-balance its influence. The· will of the masses is not suffi­ cient to carry through the revolution. rhe Last Struggles We need a national organization to or­ On l\riday, May 31, forty thousand ganize the seizure of factories, to run students and extreme left wing workers -­ the factories for the workers' profit, the tendency rePresented by the action to assault the power of the state, to committees --ttage a peaceful parade. roads between Paris and Flins. Never­ luti-onary groups with the mass of students fight the army if it tries to take over The slogans ar :"Elections -- betrayall"; the less, hundreds of students manage and, above all, with the workers. Their key industries and to organize a govern­ "Popular government, yes -- Mitterand, to get there and there are demonstrations membership keeps growing rapidly and mental transition. Mendes, nol"; "Socialist revolution!". and rallies. The police sweep out these their influence incre·ases. The govern­ The revolution of May 1968 has demon­ The economic situation is beginning to meetings and finally the unavoidable hap­ ment has recaptured the SOrbonne and strated the realistic possibility of a pro­ recover; some industries return to work; pens. During one of these operations will probably do the same with all the letarian revolution in an advanced capi­ the shortage of gasoline ends and people against a group of students eating their other universities. Its intention is to talist country -- in a "consumer society" can leave for their weekend outings. The lunch on the grass, they drown a student prevent the students from meeting, dis­ where workers are supposed to be content press announces a massive return to work after heavily clubbing him. Monday, June cussing, organizing their action, and from and well-integrated into the status quo. for Monday or Tuesday. In fact, nothing 9 and Tuesday, , the police attack carrying on the summer project of a From now on, any strategywhichassumes of the kind happens. The workers prolong the Peugeot factory in 8echaux. They ·University of the People". But, once the apathy of the masses and the impos­ sibility of revolution must be reconsi­ \ the strike as long as they can. But the shoot into tbe demonstration: two dead. again, it is a mistake: the students will most clear-sighted analysts on the ex­ In the evenings of those days, the last always manage to find a place to meet if dered. Without a depression, without a treme left know now that it is only a huge demonstrations take place in Paris. their determination persists. war or national catastrophe, the working matter of days, that everythingisthrough, People shout: "They killed our com­ class created a situation so serious that the state hardly existed -- in which at least for this time. radesl"; "DeGaulle Murderer!"; "Govern­ Reorganization The control of the economy must be ment of murderersl". The last struggle power was within reach of our hands. recaptured by the bourgeoisie. To hasten is carried through in style. No more There have been seriousproblemsposed One last Question: What kind of society do we want to build in place of capitalist ~he process, the government decides to barricades, or not as many (they became by the division of ~he m1l1tants into a attack. They choose the toughest sectors, multiplicity of groups, often separated society? One of .the most remarkable a much too easy target for the police); but aspects of our revolution is that it has those who are still on strike, the" strike a lot of Molotov cocktails, which people by theoretical shadings rather than real tails": metal workers, automobile work­ differences, SOme promising reorganiza­ clearly revealed a relat\vely coherent threw at the cops from the top of the image of the society of the future. A ers. All through the night of saturday, roofs. The cops are forced to withdraw tions have ~merged, during the retreat , the police attack the RenaUlt and during the last period of repression. form of socialism that has nothing to do in this spectacular battle, which produces with the totalitarian, bureaucratic, techno­ factory at Flins, In the area surrounding relatively few injuries but a lot of ma­ The first one is the "Comite d'Initi­ Paris. The students leave immediately ative pour un Mouvement Revolutionnaire" cratic, single-party regimes which some­ terial damage. times call themselves socialist. A form for Flins. The government blocks the During this time, the country slowly (Initiative Committee for a Revolutionary Movement), consisting of several groups of socialism where decisions are effect­ goes back to work, unwillingly, because ively made by workers, and not a party the people know that the agreements to the left of the CP. It is not an organic union, but a federation to prepare a bureacracy, albeit the best in the world. obtained bear no relation to the demands, The state will not be the new boss. and because the people feel that every broader union within a revolutionary POVVER demand that has been fulfilled bears movement. no relation to what they could potentially The second organization is the action POSTERS obtain. committees. Today more than ever before. these committees are a political force. They gather all revolutionaries through The Repression action at the base. They cannot be banned because their informal-and- flexible The government decides to strike. structure would make any such measure Assured of the absolute indifference of ineffective. Today, the action committees the CP -- which is only too happy to have the leading role in agitation, public get rid of the revolutionaries -- the propaganda, preparation of posters, leaf­ government bans all the revolutionary lets, rallies, demonstrations, and spectac­ groups, arrests the militants, expels hun­ ular actions. They are concentrating on dreds of foreigners suspected of having a broad campaign of denunciation of the engaged in political activity. Right now, parliamentary regime, showing that the the government is trying to launch a elections won't solve anything. sensational trial against "international conspiracy", and arms-smuggling from A Partial Defeat Germany and Cuba. This would allow it Despite the apparent defeat, manytangi­ to jail some of the leaders for months ble things have been gained by this move­ PEACE &FREEDOM Big 16"x20" Posters, striking or years. ment. In the first place, a series of Needless to say, the government's way lithographedQuant. ______on heavy paper. reforms: in the university, in the arts, of reasoning is simplistic: by hitting the in the theater, in television. Above all, VOTE COUNT organized groups, it hopes to prevent there remains a spirit, a style: a mass According to results received from __ Malcolm X (u $12') another explosion of discontent on the of documents, films, reportages,- works the Peace and Freedom Party, anumber __ Stokley Carrlllc!1Jel '0. $1.25 part of the masses. This is a mistake. of art, political manifestoes, graffitis, of the write-in candidates have receiv­ __ H. Rap Brown 'u $1."25 The triggering of this crisis has been cartoons, posters. There are proofs of ed enough votes to receive their party's __ MullaIlHllad All fa $1.2') largely spontaneous and not caused by __ LeRol JOlles 'CL $125 the !ecwal creativity awakened by nomination and q'laIify for positions on __Set of 5 (One of ea.) $5.00 any organized groups. The next crisis the movement. the ballot in the November general will follow the same pattern. On the The students won't find it easy to go elections. __Enclosed for __Posters other hand, by suppressing the leader­ back to the qUiet routine of ther usual In the 7th congressional district Huey ship, the government hopes to annihilate Newton received 3,191 write-in votes. Name _ stUdies, which prepare them to become the groups, to prevent their incipient the cadres and the docile watchdogs of In the 17th assembly district Bobby Address _ unification. This is another mistake. Most capitalism. The workers aren't going to Seale received 1,797 write-in votes. City I State _ of these groups had been preparing for accept so eagerly the treacherously sweet In the 16th assembly district David ZiP _ underground life for a long time. speeches of their union delegates. All Rynin received 1,395 votes. Repression is going to toughen them, men who still have some ideals left In the 18th assembly district in San and hasten the badly needed reorgani­ aren't going to return to a mediocre Francisco Kathleen Cleaver received Dealer Inqulf/es InVited zation. Another mistake is that the gov­ daily life with resignation, after we 598 votes. There has been some contro­ POWER POSTERS ernment hopes to discredit the trouble­ were so close to the great upheaval versy concerning alleged attempts by 6 N 13t11 St. PI"ia. Pa. 1910] makers. Buttllis ban has considerably If Marx is right in saying that ideas, voting officials to discourage write-in strengthened the prC'stige of the revo- once they have entered the mind of the voting in this district. AUGUST 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 13 sure that when we intended one meaning we were not implyingthe other and thereby a.*._x*a*xxlax*._.-.; admitting the conspiracy. So occasionally we appeared evasive during our clumsy attempts to be precise. Another problem haJi to do with"coun­ seling". All of us had all along refrained 1.IIBltI THE SAD TALE OF from urging anyone to turn in his card or refuse induction, and this we did out of moral or religious scruples rather than fear of the law. We did not think we TIE THE BOSTON FIVE had actually "counseled" resistance, though we supported and encouragedthose who had made up their minds. While by decided, on the one hand, to try to chal­ in practice this may sometimes amount lenge the war, the draft, and the apparent to the same thing, there is usually a TIIIIIL difference, and our intentions were clear. c.-xa*_aa--a »_**: Boston -- During the month of the violation of the First Amendment (the Spock Trial, Boston was the scene of "symbolic speech" argument), and, on the But of course this led to more ­ continuing resistance to the draft. On the other, to attack carefully the government' s splitting and apparent equivocation. day the trial began, the Arlington street grounds for the conspiracy itself. Appeal (This month's column has just one item: Church offered symbolic sanctuary to a It was soon clear we would have little a column from the Society page of the convicted draft-refuser and an AWOL choice. A month before the trial Judge We will appeal, of course, and there SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE by Joan Vietnam veteran. Two days later thirty Ford ruled out as "not justiciable" any are a variety of grounds available. We Chatfield-Taylor, Fashion Conespondent) guys returned their draft cards in a questions of the war's legality. And within might persuade the Appellate or SUpreme public ceremony. At the end of the second a few days of the beginning of the trial Court to re-open an issue closed to us, week another Unitarian - Uni versalist the judge hooted down all references to such as "symbolic speech", the legality Church (in Providence) granted sanctuary symbolic speech. We were allowed to of the draft, or the legality of the war. to two resisters. During the third week discuss the war and the draft only in A more reasonable hope is a decision so far as it revealed our intent. (If our that wou'd tighten the requirements for a guy and a girl, prompted by the con­ proof of a conspiracy, perhaps exempting viction of Berrigan in , poured intent could beprovento be "non-criminal" certain forms of "mass-media conspir­ black paint on the I-A draft files in the then certain possibilities would be open to us). acies" that are likely to occur in protest state office in downtown Boston. During movements. Finally there are a number the last week, 100 Harvard seniors said of technicalities that might acquit us, they would not go, and the majority of such as the rather odd way a jury the Radcliffe seniors vowed their support. Precision Caught in 'this situation, we could be IS chosen. Even if it is a technicality as radical and inflammatory as we wished . that acquits us (if anything does), it will Surpri.ses. in describing our beliefs, but we had to be a victory, for it will seem harder to This kind of activity is the best response be carefully precise about our contacts the government to prosecute conspiracies, to indictments such as the one which with each other. There seemed to us to and it might encourage those whose put us on trial. The trial itself was less be more than one meaning to the word activist zeal was dampened by the encouraging. However, there were two "agree", for instance, so we had to make indictments. • pleasant surprises in the otherwise pre­ dictable verdict of the jury . Marc Raskin was acquitted altogether, and we were all found not guilty of conspiring to counsel the turning of draft cards. Raskin's acquittal is a modest legal and political victory: it won't seem quite so easy now to indict and convict for draft conspiracy anyone the government chooses. The two not guilty findings are mainly a moral victory. We had argued that we were not in the business of twist­ ing anyone's arm, putting direct pressure on anyone to risk his future in order to swell the ranks of the Resistance, and the jury seems to have understood. We can take some comfort from the verdict, but not much. Four of us were found guilty of eight of the ten charges in the indictment, all of them " conspiracy". We hardly knew one another until the indictment. Our THE every act was accompanied by TV cam­ eras. OUr being found guilty of conspiracy poses a serious threat to the anti-war,· black power, and even civil rights move­ RUBIN ments. The law states, as Judge Ford made very clear in his "charge" to the jury (which they followed), that the ordi­ r .....'."..,. Del'" ...... nary' meaning of the word "conspiracy" is nowhere near the legal meaning. The BUST conspiracy law may have been originally intended to combat organized crime in by Stewart E. Albert into the jail, one narco took him asid\ New York . the ordinary sense (Mafia, etc.), but as and beat him around the head, then turned America's designers have responded to jt is now structured it can be used This is the year that makes paranoids him around, and kicked him in the base the schizophrenic mood that intelligent against any two or more people who into realists. The leading representatives of the spine. Jerry was put on $1000 American women are in. agree to commit a crime, no matter how of the white and· black liberal establish­ bail, the bond was raised the next day, On the one hand, there is the fact that tenuous the agreement (as in our case) ment, Kennedy and King, have been murd­ and Rubin was set free. many women are richer and have more or how minor the crime (as in the Oakland ered. The father of permisiveness, Ben Jerry was in a great deal of pain at . leisure time than ever before. But it is Seven case). Spock, is found guilty and faces five this time, and the Yippies rushed him obvious that this personal well-being is no years. Black revolutionaries like Rap, to a hospital where he was x- rayed. excuse for euphoria. Political Defense Huey, and Eldridge are being openly The doctor told him he probably had There are the harsh realities that in­ How are we to fight conspiracy indict­ persecuted by the Man, and Bobby Hut­ a broken coccyx, and to come back if vade the lives of every woman. Violence ments? Like any of the growing number ton has been killed. There is the trial the pain continued. is one of these. Poverty is another, and of political indictments they must be fought of the oakland Beven, and now one of The general facts of the case are most intelligent women dido't need Re­ on political as well as legal grounds. But the founders of the Vietnam Day Com­ pretty well-known by now. They are not surrection City to remind them of the since the conspiracy law as law is more mittee and the project director of the really what is involved here. What is masses of people who can only dream complex, more insidious, and more sus­ march and two-day siege of the Penta­ involved is pplitics, RUbin, and the move­ of an existence filled with luxuries. ceptible to challenge within the courts than gon, and steering committee member of ment to destroy the Man's power, none This coming fall's clothes reflect the many others (such as draft-refusal laws), the Yippies, is busted on a felonious of which the Man likes. Jerry is involved current mental state in America. a court case should be used not only for possession of marijuana charge, in a in a plan to bring a hundred thousand There are utterly fantastic clothes­ pUblicity (which is all that draft-refusers part of where the drug rebels to Chicago, and despite the dis­ escapist clothes-in the most luxurious can realistically expect) but for legal is more common than tobacco and coca­ agreements you may have with that, the fabrics imaginable. reform, which would benefit the movement cola. impact of such a 1emonstration on this Does she dream of being Natasha in and dissent in general. We chose to fight country cannot be ignored. To have the czarist Russia? She can; there are plenty Jerry Rubin was in his apartment in a thorough legal battle, limited only where the late afternoon of , when cops whole bullshit ceremony of American of regal velvet dresses and fur trimmings. the legal arguments might conflict with knocked On the door and told him that democracy held up for the sham that it Going further south, there's the glitter­ the moral and political principles of the they were investigating a homicide charge is at the time when everyone must be ing luxury of the Middle East. anti-war and anti-draft movements. There in . Jerry asked them to pass made to believe it is something Hum­ The accessory of the year is the jeweled were a few times when we may have a search warrant under the door, and phrey, Johnson, and their corrupt hench­ belt often worn with dresses that are alr~ady seemed to sell out the principles to the they refused. When Jerry opened the men could never take quietly. glittering and gleaming with em­ legal arguments, or at least some people door, three cops came in. Radicals should not confuse themselves broidery and jewels and metallic threads. have sllid so, but I don't think we really "'he real purpose of their visit was abouf the other issue that is involved But this fall's .fashions aren't all fan­ did. I'll explain with a couple of examples. Jerry's politics. A poster of Fidel here. To those who say that political tasy. There's a definite trend toward None of us had any idea we would be Castro was ripped from his wall, Jerry's people should not smoke pot, it has to realism, particularly in the daytime indicted for conspiracy. I thought I would files were ransacked, and the pigs spent be said that when the police come after clothes. be drafted, I would refuse, and then be the next hour and a half asking him you because of your politics, even if you AMERICAN FASHION IS FULL OF THE indicted for that; or I might have been about why he went to Cuba without per­ never smoke grass, that's no protection KIND OF QUIET SUITS THAT A WOMAN ,indicted for returning my draft card. mission, why he hates the government, against being busted for it. CAN WEAR TO A MEETING WITH . Some of the others thought· they might and what the Yippies plan to do in Chi­ The seriousness of the case becomes GHETTO RESIDENTS WITHOUT FEEL­ be indicted for counseling, aiding, and cago. clearer when you consider that William ING OSTENTATIOUS. The good grey suit abetting, for they had challenged the Jerry was then taken to the station Kunstler is Jerry's attorney. Kunstler is is back, usually with an easy skirt and government, almost ritualistically, to a house in an unmarked car. The cops Rap Brown's attorney, and he NEVER a slightly fitted--if not IJelted--jacket; legal confrontation. But conspiracy? Well, made his two calls for him (he was takes "pot busts". He sees this police Dior-New York calls one of theirs "San we were naive. not allowed to make them himself) and action as one of political persecution, Frallcisco" . After the indictment, some of us first reached his girl-friend, Nancy Kurshan, and that is the basis on which he is For the most part, the fantasy clothes had the impulse to plead guilty but to who came down to find out about the defending Jerry. are for evening, and the realistic clothes challenge the legality of the war and the bail. Nancy was arrested when she tried We are going to have to fight this case for daytime--a sensible arrangement that draft. We were told that was impossible. to leave on the same charges as Rubin. in the same way tl'.at we have fought enables a woman to show her responsible Then we considered pleading not guilty (The charges were later dropped without the persecution of the Black Panthers side to the community, and keep her but confessing to all the facts as alleged, reason.) Nancy was interrogated at and the Oakland Seven. It seems clear luxury-loving, escapist feelings for her and then challenging the legality. This length about her politics, with heavy now that either Humphrey or Nixon will private life. • made more sense. But when we became emphasis laid on her being Jewish, her be President, and it also seems clear fully awarE: of the nature of the conspiracy JoIiews about lsr.ael, ·etc-. . ~tJIe...a.u.w:ts to crush-.our-moveD!eAt charge and its threat to the movement, Around eight-thirty, Jerry was taken are going to increase. Do you get the *ax_*xxxx*xx*** * we opted for a major legal case. % to .the courthouse. As he was being put message? New York Yippies have.• . . PAGE 14 THE MOVEMENT AUGUST 1968

' . MDS • AMA INCURABLE PANTHERS HEALTHY by Jerry Densch (previously AMA conventions have been "do we work with the power structure" record-breaking attendance at MCHR's met merely with picket lines) was also must also bediscussed with therealization meeting which was addressed by san Francisco -~ Despite a mighty the result of the convention's location. that M9HR simply hasn't the resources members of the Panthers. In turn, a effort, the American Medical Association The Bay Area organization is one of the to deal with every need. number of Panthers, including found it impossible to completely ignore most radical and active of MCHR locals. Despite such political and technical and Kathleen and Eldridge Cleaverfurther representatives of the Medical Committee Although only recently constituted as problems, plans are being made to provide showed what Dr. Shapiro calls a "mutual for Human Rights (MCHR) and the Poor MCHR, activity by health professionals for emergency-medical care in the event trust and respect" between the two groups People's Campaign (PPC) who seized the has gone on here for some time, and -of civil disorder. by walking MCHR's picket line outside platform at the opening session of the· since 1967, when Health Professionals the AMA convention. AM A' s recent National Convention here. for Peace was formed, h.ealth workers Dr. Donald Goldmacher and medical stu­ have engaged in an almost constant sQries Dealing with America .dent Peter Schnall of MCHR, and Jimmy of activities. Work was done on the Peace Rogers ofPPC delivered, despitedeadened Torch Caravan, on Proposition P (a city National MCHR and the Bay Area chapter microphones and a prior refusal of the referendum calling for withdrawal of have gone a long way beyond single-issue AMA to allow them to speak, an indict. troops ii(~Vietnam), and a vigil in Union Z' orientations. Many young health profes­ ment of racial discrimination within the. Square. Work was then done on register- ~ sionals and medical students, as well as medical profession, its lack of concern ing people (about 1,000) into the Peace' l' a few of the older professionals, are for the health needs of the people, and and Freedom Party. Involvement in the ~ beginning to realize that the total brutali­ its preoccupationwith protectingthe status October stop the Draft Week in Oakland ."1 zation of society must be dealt with. and bankbooks of its members. tended to radicalize the organization as ;.; Although the AMA voted to allow the MCHR is, partially, a result of the ir­ some thirty or forty doctors and nurses . ::s disciplining of local medical societies responsibility of the AMA. It is an organi­ operating a medical aid station there saw, which discriminate against Black doctors, zation formed by health professionals and a few felt, the Oakland cops in action. it is hardly likely to implement any of the and others, concerned with dealing with Sensing a need to deal with broader substantial economic demands presented the crisis in medical care which this issues than simply the war, in late Feb­ by NCHR and the Poor People's Campaign. country faces. ruary of 1968 a chapter of MCHR was These include establishing a priority for formed. The Bay Area organization and the poor in health programs, extension individuals within it have acted around a of Medicare to cover all medically indigent Summer multiplicity of issues. The use of MACE, (;) people in the US, medical teams to be -0 .often for the' sheer joy of it, by cops .n sent into poor urban and rural areas, It was first formed in July of 1964 across the country and evidence of the Co comprehensive neighborhood health cen­ as an emergency medical service for ill effects ofthis"humane" weapon brought ters, inclusion of poor people in health civil rights workers in Mississippi. That many doctors to question its use. Dr. planning programs, and training of poor summer over 100 people from medical Larry Rose, a san Francisco eye special- people for jobs in the field of health care. and related fields provided care for in­ ist, and others found that definite eye In contrast to the AMA, MCHR promises jured and· sick SUmmer Project volun­ damage could result from contact with Dr. Philip Shapiro to become 'an increasingly positive force teers. Activities in the South were soon MACE. Their research and the resultant in pressing for solutions to the medical expanded to include development of rural pUblicity have forced the government to Panther Allies and human problems of the people. MCHR health centers and mobile health tinits, admit the possible dangers of MACE. promises to work not only for the people, health education, aid to community work­ Bay Area MCHR has given unequivocal Some large police departments, including' support to the Black Panther Party in but with the people.• ers in developing health and medical pr~ Oakland, have discontinued its use, at grams, and surveying medical needs and, the Party's attempts to organize the least temporarily. . Black communities. Individual interest documenting discriminatory patterns in, Realizing that a disproportionate num­ he.alth services in the South. . in the Panther's efforts was transformed ber of poor people are drafted, in part into group action by the murder of Bobby f PIGS PERVERT I because they can't afford to have possible Hutton and the arrest of Eldridge Cleaver The Oakland Pigs have managed to Moving North physical or psychological problems certi­ and other Panthers by the Oakland cops pervert even California's anti-lynching .fied by a doctor, national MCHR has A change in the focus of activities on April 6. law. decided to provide free examsfor indigent Just over a week after the shooting, Three of Oakland's Black citizens and some radicalization has occurred draft-eligible men. Bay Area MCHR is were charged with attempting to violate with the recognition that problems are in a press conference, MCHR called for davelOPinga roster of medical personnel professional help and announced their the anti-lynching law after they allegedly rooted much more deeply in American for this purpose. II support for the Black Panther efforts tried to rescue one of their brothers society. It is not simply a question of to organize the Black community into an from the clutches of the cops. The racial segregation in the South. Function­ effective economic and political tinit", pigs were able to perpetrate this little ing MCHR chapters are now located in In Time of Rebellion and to "condemn the obvious attempt by bit of oakland justice due to the wording a dozen large cities, mostly in the North the Oakland establishment to harass and of the law, which says "the taking and East, with affiliated groups and indi­ A problem almost constantly under brutally repress, by whatever means, by means of a riot of any person from viduals scattered across this country and discussion at the Bay Area meetings is the legitimate goals of the Black Pan­ the lawful custody of a peace officer into Canada. the possibility of open 'rebellion and mas~ thers". A plan to form volunteer groups is a lynching." In Boston the MCHR gives medical sive police repression in the Black com­ of white professionals to patrol the Black The three were also charged with examinations to men vulnerable to the munities, and ways of.dealing with the communities in an attempt to stop police resisting arrest and attempting to brutality was abandoned at the request rescue a criminal in the custody of of the Panthers, who doubted whether the police, while the person the cops had cops would be any more lenient on white originally gone after was charged with supporters. than on the Panthers them­ "crimes against the executive power selves. of the state" for allegedly having re­ sisted arrest. ResPonse to Call SNCC Press Release The call brought a tremendous response from both medical and non~medical pro­ fessionals, including doctors, psychia­ trists, dentists, nurses, social workers, SNCC lawyers, teachers and secretaries. Some fifty or sixty calls were recieved thefirst REORGANIZES day and nearly 200 letters in the first Within the past two years repression couple of weeks following the press con­ against the Black community has increased ference. to the point where we are now faced with 'Lawyers, of course, were urgently the question of whether or not we survive needed, and were immediately assigned as a race of people. Along with this to work with Huey Newton's lawyer, repression, we have witnessed the intense Charles Garry, Writers went to work with persecution of militant Black leaders the International Committee to Secure the such as Max Stanford, Huey Newton, Release of Eldridge Cleaver, nurses began stokeley Carmichael, Sellers, teaching first aid in the Black community, Herman Ferguson, and H. Rap Brown, doctors and dentists began doingfree work who served as Chairman of SNCC from for Panthers when needed and secretaries May, 1967 until June, 1968. began doing various types of office work. In order to better deal with this re~ Everyone who responded was asked to pression and persecution and to better send messages to the Adult Authority continue our struggle against racism, asking for Cleaver's release (which has capitalism and imperialism, the student finally been secured -- see story, p. ) Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, at and to give financial aid. A bail fund not our annual staff meeting held in , a part of MCHR but operated by McflR's -15, decided to restructure the chairman, Dr. Philip Shapiro, was able organization. to supply $5,000 bond for the release of The following people were elected De- Panther Weldon Wade. Money is still puty Chairmen of SNCC: being raised to release the three Panthers George Ware of Tuskegee Institute, remaining in jail as a result of the April Alabama shoot-out (and may be sent to 2519 Pacific Johnny Wilson of New York City Avenue, san Francisco). Donald Stone of Atlanta The MCHR also works closely with the James Forman of New York City draft. Medical teams served each of the resulting injuries. The wide range of John Brown Society. The society tries to Bob Smith of Atlanta liberated buildings at Columbia Univer­ individual politics within the organization educate medical people and others in the Brother Crook of sity. There was also an emergency pro-· creates a great deal of tactical duscussion. white community regarding racism, Black Former Executive Secretary, Stanley gram to care for the injured durmg'the (The failure of the AMA to deal with Power, and the Black Panther Party. Wise of N.C. and Louisiana revolt in Washington DC in April. pressing social issues has driven man)' Persons wishing to speak on these subjects Other Deputy Chairmen will be elected In support of the PPC,in addition to politically moderate doctors to seek an and groups wishing to obtain speakers later. Phil Hutchings of Newark was providing aid and medical care in many organization which is of some social are being referred to the John Brown elected Program Secretary. . cities through which the PPC travelled, , relevance.) Should MCHR, in the event Society. Rap Brown continues to be active in MCHR provided a large trailer to serve of a riot, serve the people in the community The alliance of Bay Area MCHR with the organization. as a health center for Resurrection City wherever needed without regard to the the Panthers is primarily due to the work Some of the crucial issues discussed and two or three hundred health workers wishes of the cops, or should they first of the group's chairman, Dr. Philip at the staff meeting included: (1) creation in Washington. As of early June some bargain with the power structure in order Shapiro, who is co-chairman of the In­ of a national mass political party, (2) anti­ war, anti-draft activity, (3) formation of 1700 of the total of perhaps 2400 residents to be allowed in the jails to treat wounded ternational Committee to Secure the Re­ liberation schools, (4) southern stu- of Resurrection City had been treated. prisoners? Should the organization tie lease of Eldridge Cleaver. That many itself up doing things which should be white professionals share Shapiro's con- dent unions. Knowing that police repression done by the city but are not, or should -cern and have not, as he puts it "bought will be increased and intensified this In San Francisco they leave these voids open v'ith the pos­ the current mythology aboutthe Panthers" summer in the Black community, SNCC The confrontation with the AMA, though sibility that they won' t be filled? These has been demonstrated by the response also discussed survival refugee stations perhaps the result of changing times, questions, much more complex than simply to MCHR's call for support and by the throughout its projects and defense units. AUGU'ST 1968 PAGE 15

WHO ARE THE REAL MOVEMENT RECALL REAGAN CONSPIRATORS? Live in California? A MOVEMENT staff writer was re­ Feelmessed over? cently arrested for draft refusal. While CLASSIFIEDS Folks who'd like to hand some of being booked, he overheard the Fed­ Reagan's stuff back to him are work­ eral Marshals who had arrested him SEATTLE: There will be as many as ing on a Recall Reagan campaign and rapping. seven different community Draftprojects. need to collect nearly 800,000 valid -I was just down in oakland last Contact Fred Lonideer, 1020 North 36th signatures of voters by . If month," said one. Street, seattle, ME 2-3692. you'd like to help, write to the Los "What's going .on?" PORTLAND: A Draft project 'will reach Angeles Recall Reagan Committee Inc., -The Oakland Police told me there's out to the community. Contact Roger Headquarters - 16917 Ventura Blvd., going to be a big riot this summer." Lippman, Reed College, Portland, Oregon, SUite 5, Encino 91316 -Phone 788-3063 - How did they know?" PR 4-9472. or 872-1028. Of They're going to start it." CALIFORNIA: The co-ordinatingcenter "Oh, yeah?" for Northern California is the Movement -Yeah. Their plan is to bust all the office, 449 14th street, San Francisco. black militant leaders in the early sum- . For Southern California it is the Los mer and then start a riot to pick off the Angeles Regional SDS Office, 510 1/2 WORKERS RUN rest of the agitators." Hoover Street. California enterprises in­ The Marshalls were liberals. Th,ey clude the Northern California Draft Pro­ agreed that that was "going a little too ject (Contact Steve Gompertz, 1824 Hearst HOSPITAL far." Avenue, Berkeley); Draft work Topeka -- Black workers in the State oriented toward the working class (contact Mental Hospital in Topeka, Kansas went GETIING READY FOR Fred Gordon, P.O. Box 449, Del Mar); a on strike on in protest over new People Against Racism group in Palo the institutionalized discrimination in the Alto (contact Peter D. Ware, 1590' Bay hospitals. THE FIRING LINE Road, East Palo Alto); an SDS labor There were some issues Apamphlet about c'ommunity organizing, committee work-in in San Diego (Contact involved. The highest pay for an aide drawing from the experiences of the Stephen P. Wenger, 2922 Fairmont Ave.); was $1.82 per hour, and the average pay JOIN Community Union in Chicago. By the Glendale Anti-Draft Union (Contact was $370 per month. 70% of the workers Mike James. Order from THE MOVE Larry Lombert, 9748 Pinewood Avenue, are black, and they are kept in low­ MENT. 10~. Tujunga); and a work-in in Berkeley paying jobs through an established struc­ Contact John E. Poole, 1627 Oregon Street). ture. They have no training programs, THE MOVEMENT is pUblished monthly by The Movement Press, 449 14th st., san NEW MEXICO: Work will go on in re­ no collective bargaining, and most have to work two jobs. .Francisco, CA 94103 415-626-4577. lation to the Alianza. Contact Jim Kennedy, On the 19th, the black workers pre­ 10407 4th street N.W., Albuquerque. sented a list of demands calling for EDITORIAL GROUP: Arlene Eisen Bergman, Lincoln Bergman, Joe Blum, Terry community control, a 35% increase in Cannon, Bobbi Cieciorka, Jerry Densch, Kris Dymond, Peri Gilbert, Mark Hardesty, ST. LOUIS: There is work on a news­ pay, new specifications, more training Carol Herzenburg, Karen Jo Koonan, Brooks Penney, Morgan Spector, Buddy Stein, paper, a Draft resistance union, and some of unskilled workers. When the demands Karen Wald, Fred Weinstock, Dave Wellman. new community projects. Contact Lebowitz were refused, the black brothers took 816 Eastgate, VO 2-2732. over the hospital. They did not stop CHICAGO GROUP; Kathy Archibald, Jim Cartier, Les Coleman, Hildalgnatin, Noel the functioning,' .rather they said that Ignatin, Mike James, Ed Jennings, Lennie Joyce, Peter Kuttner, Fran Rominsky. CHICAGO: There are a number of Draft their experience qualified them to run c/o SDS 1608 W. Madison St.,Chicago, IL 60612 312-666-3874 and community groups workingthrough the the place, and so they did. . summer that will need people towork with As a result, 60 black workers were LOS ANGELES: Bob Niemann, Bill Vandercook them.(Contact the. National Office, 1608 suspended. 42 of them remain on sus­ 1657 Federal Ave., #5, Los Angeles, CA 90025 213-478-9509 West Madison Street, Room 206, 666­ pension. 3874.) The National Community Union is The strike has been given wide com­ BROTHER-IN-EXILE; Jeff Segal running its training school through the munity support. The local SDS chapter SUBSCRIPTIONS: $2 per year; in bulk, $7 per hundred per month. summer. Folks will be.expe cted to take is also working with the rebels. On part-time jobs and do some work in the July 8, approximately 500 folks marched community. Applications for that school to the state capitol to present the de­ can also come through the National Office. mands to the governor. 111\111111111111/1111111 There will be a Chicago work-in project UC E TO They are still waiting. with folks getting jobs, meeting to analyze their work places and their experiences, and developing leafleting and other pro­ ()....()....()....()....()....()....() grams. (Contact Earl SUbar, 312-664­ page one photos: upper : Jeff Blankfort; ..a~ 3556.) lower: International American News Photo 'If EIII \IMOVEM . CLEVELAND: The Cleveland project NEED MONEY? needs folks to go to work in plants, live and organize in a white working-class Be a sales representative for a SU'BSCR,IPTIO~S community, work with a working-class­ socio-politico-satirical new poster line. I<1DIVIDUAL based Draft resistance pnion, and do Ideal for individuals and organizations. $2 PDt- /2 issues Draft counseling and work around racism Write for complete poster profit kit: in middle-class white areas. Contact Tim GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, Box 427, Hall, 10606 Euclid Avenue, Room 310. Wayzata, MN 55391 BULK. SOBSCRIPTIOnS •. (l'eR. mn'l'lt) '\

MINNEAPOLIS: Draft resistance work will reach out to the community. Contact Twin Cities Draft Information Center, 1905 Third Avenue South, Room 208. Ij~fl~~9~t'J~~t!!~r;\~:;,~ ~j~ I W r WASHINGTON D.C., MARYLAND AND DELAWARE: There are good draft pro­ jects in several places, especially in D.C. Contact the D.C. Regional SDS Office, 3 Thomas Circle Northwest. BI~~L- __---_-llllWl..__ THE SOUTH: There is a good project in .North Carolina, and others seem to be t.LIB[;J.TLJE~ developing in Arkansas, , and ....C...JuT....V -.JS... Z...II..A.P___ possibly in . Contact the SSOC Office in Nashville, or the National SDS e~cloge Office. I $ _ for subscriptiOft(s). NEW YORK CITY: There will be Draft 4~9 th work, a series of programs coming out of MRIL To 7HE N)()V£M£f17 14 sr. . the ColUMbia Liberation School, and high L- ~J\t') FRAnCiSCO, CAUF. 94109) school activity. Contact the New York Regional SDS Office, 131 Prince Street. BOSTON: There is good Draft work in several places in the Boston area. (Con­ tact the BDRG, 102 Columbia street, Cambridge.) There is also a work-in similar to the one in Chicago; (Contact IiIAnT POSTERS! Debbie Levenson, 101 Magazine Street, Cambridge.)

DETROIT: There will be a work-in MALCOLM Xand CHE GUEVARA whereby participants can get involved in an on-going community project. There is also Draft work going on throughout the $1.00 EACH. summer. Contact Dave Wheeler, 1172 West Hancock. EAST LANSING: Work-in. Contact Mike Frice, SDS Office, University of Michi­ ONLY 75¢ gan, P.O. Box 382. to Movement ALL OVER THE U.S.: Peace and Free­ ,UbSCdbe=K: dom Movement needs community organi­ zers, full or part-time. Full-time people will receive room, board, and $5.00 per week! Contact Peace and Freedom Summer Action, P.O. Box 881, Berkeley, Calif.

(22 X 28 inches) DIG IT SPECIAL BULK RATES ~r

f; to KEEP YOUR MOUTH; SHUT ;;::' c":;:",

ij?: -. ";: ." ¥ let no~One work for another. '''' . . ~: #l>. except for16ve, and what you"make .. but don't get uptight: the guns abovEl your needs be given to the ttibe will not win this one, they are @; !<' :. o .. )lIj\ a Common-Wealth '" Jin incidental part of the action lilt .;; ;If which we better damn well be good at, ~ () *' None of df'knows the answers, think about w~t will win i, . i$ these things. - is mantras, the sustenance we give each other, The day will come when we have to know the energy w,e plug into • ,:' the answers. (the fact that we touch share food)P 1*' the buddha nature, of everyone, friend and foe, like.a million earthwq£ms tunneling under this structure .. POEMS BY DIANE DI PRIMA till it fa lIs THE MOVEMENT