US- REVIEW Summer 2011 Vol. XXXV, No.3

®

Did the Chinese discover America before Columbus? This explosive question is taking the world by storm. We invite you to read the articles in this issue—then decide! Letter from the President

US-China Peoples Friendship Association ® Office of the National President 402 East 43rd Street, Indianapolis, IN 46205-1706 Phone 317-283-7735, Fax 815-572-0625 Email [email protected] A MAP OF CHINA’S HISTORY...AND OURS? Summer 2011

Dear Friends of China:

It is summer here in Indiana and it is turning into a dry hot summer. We, like many of you, suffered a lot of rain this spring but with several days well into the 90s, we are in line for a long hot summer. Something that I have to look forward to is a fun USCPFA National Convention that will take place in Kansas City, MO this fall. The schedule looks to be terrific, the after-Convention tours sound great, and in fact, I will be going out a day early to see some of the sights. You will find the registration form here in the USCR and on the web at www. uscpfa.org right on the front page. Southwest has a nonstop for me from Indy so book your travel and I hope to see you in Kansas City September 16-19!

I think you are going to find that our summer issue of the USCR is very informative, fun to read, and full of surprises. The more I read about China’s ancient history, the more it becomes interesting, and Jane Lael has come up with an issue that brings the connection between our world and that culture together even more. A new way of looking at information gathered by everything from ancient maps and manuscripts to DNA sam- pling and studies. What is even better is that it is also the beginning of something you can use in your chapters and regions; a whole new learning experience of the history of the connections between our two countries and cultures. Sounds like great reading and I can’t wait to read it when this issue hits my mailbox.

This fall will be a busy time for all of us. Besides the National Convention in Kansas City, September 16-19, USCPFA has an educator’s tour group going to China in October, and at the first board meeting of the new USCPFA National board, we will be discussing the work that will be needed for the next Washington Seminar on China to be held April of 2012. We will have a lot of opportunities for you to participate with USCPFA, learn some wonderful new things, and see some incredible sights.

Our US-China Review is our main publication so help us by sharing it with people wanting to learn about China and what we have to offer. If you need another copy, extras are sent to each chapter and regional leaders for just that reason. Just contact your nearest chapter or you can download an issue from the USCPFA website at www.uscpfa.org. Go to the USCR page, and you can download the issue that reports on our last national convention.

As always, in friendship, Washington Seminar April 26-27, 2012 Robert C. Sanborn, Jr. President, USCPFA Washington Plaza Hotel Washington D.C. Look in upcoming issues for more information! US-CHINA REVIEW ® Summer 2011 • Vol. XXXV, No.3 US-CHINA PEOPLES Contents FRIENDSHIP ASSOCIATION A California Non-profit Corporation Features The US-China Peoples Friendship Association is Was Columbus Last? Jane Lael 4 a nonprofit, educational Beijing Postcards organization whose purpose is The Truth Endures Charlotte Harris Rees 6 to build friendship between the peoples of China Introduction to the Shan Hai Jing and the and the United States. Harris Fu Sang Map Cyclone Covey, PhD 9 Prof Wei Chu-hsien and China and America Ah Xiang 10 USCPFA Board of Directors Asiatic Echoes John A. Ruskamp Jr., EdD 11 PRESIDENT Fierce Advocate of Truth Xu Fan, China Daily 12 Robert Sanborn, Jr. Nailing Their Colors to the Mast China Daily 13 TREASURER Chinese Surveyed and Drew the First World Map Siu-Leung Lee, PhD 15 Marge Ketter Weaving a Profound Dialogue Between West NATIONAL BOARD and East: On Matteo Ricci, S.J. Anthony E. Clark, PhD 16 Diana Greer (East) China’s Economic Miracle in the Past Kent G. Deng, PhD 18 Kirk Huang (East) Barbara Harrison (Midwest) The Chinese Origin of the Age of Discovery Chao C. Chien 19 Kitty Trescott (Midwest) Peggy Roney (South) Departments Rose Ellen Stanbery (South) Jon Colias (West) Friendship Work 21 Kevin Long (West) USCPFA National Convention Information and Registration 22 Leigh-Wai Doo (Hawai’i Subregion) Frank Pestana (Posthumous) About the cover: Map #5 from the Dr. Hendon M. Harris, Jr. Map Collection in US-China Review Secret Maps of the Ancient World by Charlotte Harris Rees. Hendon Harris knew what he was seeing. Did you? If not, you’ve just had firsthand experience of how dif- EDITOR ficult it is to decode ancient documents. For a full-color higher resolution map—plus Jane Lael an explanatory interpretation map by David Allen Deal—go to Charlotte Harris Rees’ PRODUCTION COORDINATOR website, www.asiaticfathers.com, specifically asiaticfathers.com/map.htm. Marci Duryea SUBSCRIPTIONS The material appearing in the US-China Review does not represent a consensus, nor does Marge Ketter it reflect the views or policy of the US-China Peoples Friendship Association or its National Board. The Review does not accept responsibility for the opinions expressed by the authors CONTRIBUTORS: of articles but it does accept responsibility for giving them a forum for expression and con- Eastern Region: sideration. It strives for a variety of subjects and opinions. Jim H. Lee The US-China Review is published by the USCPFA four times a year. Annual subscription rates in the U.S. are $32 for individuals and $35 for institutions; overseas $45. A charge may be Midwest Region: assessed for replacement copies or special requests; contact Subscriptions for details. USCPFA Joyce Cox, Kitty Trescott members’ subscriptions are included in annual dues. Address changes should be sent to: USCPFA, 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., Jupiter, FL 33458; Email [email protected]. Southern Region: Contributions of articles and information from USCPFA members and other readers are Barbara Cobb, Duane Finger, Lenora Leu welcome and may be submitted to [email protected]. General correspondence or Western Region: questions should be directed to USCR, 3S244 Cypress Drive, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, Email: Leigh-Wai Doo [email protected]. ISSN 0164-3886 General information about The Review is printed on recyclable paper. USCPFA is available online at http://www.uscpfa.org USCPFA NATIONAL PRESIDENT REGIONAL OFFICES (See page 31 for complete list) 402 East 43rd Street Eastern Region Midwest Region The name and logo of the US-China Peoples Friendship Indianapolis, IN 46205-1706 200 Van Rensselaer Blvd. 201 Woodbridge Lane Association are registered ® [email protected] Menands, NY 12204 Kansas City, MO 64145 in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 518-449-8817 816-942-6307 All rights reserved. USCR SUBSCRIPTIONS 7088 SE Rivers Edge Street Southern Region Western Region Jupiter, FL 33458 262 McDonald Avenue 1383 Quesada Avenue Phone and Fax 561-747-9487 Mobile, AL 36604 San Francisco, CA 94124 [email protected] 251-471-2512 415-994-5522 Was Columbus Last? By Jane Lael

Inspiration for this special edition USCR began last year when Duane Finger of the Sarasota chapter sent an email—forwarded to him from Dr. Ed Lin, via Dr. Munsup Seoh, and originally from Dr. S. L. Lee, plus a follow-up email of relevant maps sent by member Irene Leung—concern- ing Chinese pre-Columbian contacts with the Americas. In the email was a July 5, 2010, article from Melaka: Matteo Ricci’s 1602 world map reveals Chinese sur- contacts. Thank you Charlotte! “I got interested in China as a vey world before Columbus, stating Please note the global effort to child of 11,” said Simon, “when our that, “After examining more than surface the truth, and the crucial school got a new girl in class who’d 300 maps published from the 14th role of the Internet, visible especially lived in China, and at the same time century to the 19th, Dr. Lee presents on Gavin Menzie’s website. Critical I discovered we’d inherited from our solid evidence, including in Ricci’s information is in different hands, grandparents a whole set of China— own words, that Ricci’s 1602 world caves, graves, continents, countries, plates, cups, and a teapot—that had map is in fact mostly based on Chi- languages, oceans, museums, private been hidden away in our basement. It nese information and maps drawn collections, and governments, and was like a treasure hunt for me. Ever 160 years before Ricci’s time and 70 only God knows what documents the since, I’ve been collecting Chinese years before Columbus’s first voyage Vatican is sitting on. It’s a seriously antiques, including old photos. to America.” challenging project! And without “I have an MA in Chinese and I contacted Dr. Lee (asiawind. further ado, I will let the authors East Asian Studies from universi- com), who graciously agreed to write speak for themselves, as space is of ties in Denmark and , and an article for the USCR. Then I began the essence. have lived in China since 1995. Lars looking around on the Internet, seek- As this journal is an intense read, studied Chinese in Denmark and in ing permission to print maps and you are cordially invited to transport Kunming, Yunnan, and has lived in articles and hopping from site to yourself to Beijing Postcards on Nan- China for about ten years. We jointly site educating myself. What I found luogu Xiang in Beijing. Steep yourself published a guidebook on Beijing for was fascinating! On Gavin Menzies’ in photos of old China, examine the Scandinavian market. We both amazing website (gavinmenzies.com) the old maps, listen to laughter and are authors of articles and books.” I encountered a book titled The Asi- Mandarin and bump shoulders with Beijing Postcards opened in late atic Fathers of America, and a link to those transfixed on a specific image. 2008, and there’s a website at www. the site of Charlotte Harris Rees (asi- Then take this copy of the USCR to bjpostcards.com/. One can subscribe aticfathers.com), whose father wrote one of the cafés on either side, and to their newsletter at no charge. the book, and who has carried on his order your favorite beverage and “At first,” says Simon, “most of research, abridging The Asiatic Fathers something to eat, as you may need our customers were foreigners. Now of America and writing her own book, the sustenance. Let the new informa- they are mostly Chinese, overall Secret Maps of the Ancient World. She tion flow in, and savor this rich and about 60/40. We have been lucky to has a new book in the works, and spicy global discussion. strike a time when the Chinese have speaks nationally and internationally Beijing Postcards came about started to look into their own history. on this hot topic. one day when two Danes, Lars Ulrik In the past couple of years, local his- Charlotte Harris Rees and I simply Thom and Simon Gjeroe, sat down tory has become very popular.” clicked, and through her loving and studied the many old photos Si- Lars and Simon also collect and guidance and support, this special mon had collected in China through sell old maps of China. Most of their issue was born. Our joint intent is to five years of searching. They decided prints, photographs, and maps were educate and inform via articles from to make black and white postcards, found abroad as most were originally major movers in this international each with an interesting story on the taken, drawn, or published by for- paradigm-shifting research project. In back. In 2006, they printed 37,000 eigners. They hold many talks about addition to her grounding overview, postcards, have since produced more, Beijing and Chinese history using articles by Dr. Covey, Dr. Kent Deng, and now have about 150 images of their old photos, and also do talks on Dr. John Ruskamp, and Chao Chien old Beijing, Shanghai, China, old map history in China, as you may do grace this issue solely as a result of her portraits, architecture, and the like. too by the end of these articles.

4 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 Everything Under Heaven

In August of 1972 I found it necessary to pass through Seoul, Korea. Rising in the morning, I thought I would use my time by visiting antique shops. In a swift reconnaissance mission, I swept through about 25 establishments and was about to return to my hotel...when I entered one last place. I asked the proprietor if he had any books or pictures. He replied: “Would you be interested in a book of old maps?” When I opened the book, I noticed it contained many ancient cartographic sketches. There was also a very strange-look- ing map of Japan that must have been made at an extraordinarily early date. And then...I opened the last map...and had to control myself to keep from trembling. It was very old and unusual. “Everything under Heaven” was the title. It was ter- ribly odd. China and Korea took up the center of the world. North of Japan, Asia arched round to Alaska. Down the North American coast it was marked “Fu Sang.” I became weak. I was forced to sit down... Foreword

We have proof that the Chinese discovered and colonized America thousands of years before the Europeans’ arrival. Approximately 4,200 years ago after a great flood, the Chinese had lost their sense of direction. Therefore, the Emperor found it necessary to send his astronomer Yu to survey the earth, and reestablish the four directions. Yu sent Prince Y across the great eastern ocean, to the land of Fu Sang—literally “land to the east” (the ancient American continents). Prince Y and Yu determined the boundaries of America and other places and afterwards wrote the Shan Hai Jing. The Shan Hai Jing (Book of Mountains and Seas) is the world‘s oldest geography. It tells us of many countries in the ancient Americas. There are reports that Emperor Hwang Ti (2640 BC) probably had sent expeditions or colonies to America. However, we can be certain that Chinese were in the Americas by around 2250 BC. I have found a map that confirms the 4,200 year old account of the Shan Hai Jing. In fact, there are at least thirty similar old round maps in existence, which vindicate and corroborate the report of the Shan Hai Jing. These world maps, of ancient origin, are in America, England, France, China, Korea, Japan, and in other countries. The Shan Hai Jing told of at least ten countries in America, which are found on my map—the Harris Fu Sang map—and on the maps of similar origin that came from the original Shan Hai Jing map. Proofs that “America” is Fu Sang and the fathers of the Fu Sang people are Chinese are these: 1. The Record of the Shan Hai Jing—which describes the people, geography, and the animals. 2. The Record of the ancient Chinese commentaries on the Shan Hai Jing. The dates of these commentaries validate the age of the Shan Hai Jing. 3. The witness of the American Indians and their traditions and language. 4. The record of those scientists who have studied the blood and physical characteristics of the Chinese “Indian” tribes of North and South America. 5. The ancient round world maps that were previously misunderstood but which we now explain. 7. The Chinese Court Record (Kuen 327) in 501 AD telling of a trip originating in 458 AD to Fu Sang. The means that the Chinese arrived in the Americas both in 2200 BC and 458 AD was by boat. It is the purpose of this book to give sufficient proof of the realities of these amazing matters. The final result of these revolutionary discoveries will be the greater glory of China, East India, Japan, and Korea and a new respect for and the appreciation of the Indians of North, Central, and South America. The material of this book is the result of a lifetime of effort. I have been around the world ten times. In India I sought information and in Pakistan and Bangladesh. In Hong Kong and Taiwan I looked for maps and proofs. I went to the British museum and traveled to Berlin to question the Germans. From the time I was a boy in China until now, I have collected information. In Holland, in Sumatra, in Macao, in Mexico I was searching...searching...searching. At Long Beach, California, and in Seoul, Korea, I received the greatest answers to my quest. I am writing these lines in Taipei at the house of a Chinese friend. I am no longer young, and old age does not any more seem a far-away time. I am grateful to those who loved and aided me, and to the great God of the heavens, without whose guidance all efforts would have been in vain. It is my desire that as you consider the lovely long ago morning of Fu Sang, your soul be stirred with a new appreciation of the beauty of life and the innate possibilities of men...that you will hear the music of Man’s aspirations, deep in your spirit... and catch a glimpse of the excellent countenance of God. I hope you will have a more sympathetic awareness of men of other persuasions and be drawn to the True Historian who works all things after His will. Hendon M. Harris, 1973—excerpt from The Asiatic Fathers of America

Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 5 Native Americans originated and The Truth developed on this continent with no outside intervention, my father, Dr. Endures Hendon M. Harris, Jr. wrote The Asi- atic Fathers of America, citing his maps By Charlotte Harris Rees, and much other academic evidence author, Secret Maps of the suggesting that Chinese arrived by Ancient World sea to the Americas starting around 2000 BC. My father, Dr. Hendon M. Harris, Another unique contribution was Jr., and I are but two in a series of that his book brought to light the people who have argued that Chi- many Chinese literary references to nese arrived to the Americas by sea Fu Sang that show up on the map on before Columbus. In fact, thousands the American coastline. Several early of books and articles have been Chinese writers mentioned the huge written on different aspects of this trees (giant redwoods?) they found in subject, and it’s been debated since Fu Sang. One from the third century the 1700s. BC stated that Fu Sang was 10,000 In some of these texts the contri- li (3,300 miles) wide (almost the bution is just a few sentences, such exact width of North America), then as in Molecular Photofitting, in which one came to another expansive blue Dr. Tony Frudakis contends that un- ocean. explainably there is DNA considered For many years I was a skeptic Native American in Central Asia—in about my father’s book. In early 2003, Raymond and Darius Williams in this large enough quantity to show up in I read Gavin Menzies’ book 1421: The photo are Tlingit American Indians from Alaska. a pie graph. Since Native American Year China Discovered America. That DNA is derived from Asia—yet dif- book caused me to question whether speak. A Caucasian professor from ferent—Dr. Frudakis thought that my father could have been right. I Singapore tried to have Gavin and perhaps this implied a reverse mi- sent Gavin an email congratulating all of us even loosely associated with gration after a period of years in the him on his book and telling him him expelled from that symposium. new world. Considering the ocean about my family’s maps and my Dr. Hwa-Wei Lee replied, “This is currents and Chinese writing about father’s research. America. We have freedom of speech going back and forth, this is entirely Meanwhile, my brother and I took here. We will let them speak.” possible. our maps to the Library of Congress The Library brought in extra se- Or perhaps the few sentences where they stayed for three years curity for that event. Because Gavin would be from Behind the Scenes in while they were studied. Though the has a higher profile than I do, he has Hopi Land by M. W. Billingsley who map division treated me kindly, no gone through a lot more opposition wrote: “the interpreter would reveal one noticed my comings and goings than I have and has experienced the history of the Hopi people which until late 2004 when Gavin (whom malicious attacks around the world. began in a far away country across they recognized as a NY Times best- When I was scheduled to speak at the great waters, where their villages selling author) came to see the maps. Stanford University, the man and and country was surrounded with I had to limit the number of people his group who attempted to cause great walls on the tops of which great who could be there while Gavin was problems at the Library of Congress cows drawing wagons passed back viewing them, then had to briefly wrote two letters to the president of and forth. The interpreter continued explain what Gavin had come to see Stanford doing his best to stop me. the descriptions of their migrations and what I thought it meant. Stanford let me speak. down to the present locations.” As I On that occasion I had a brief I also consider Dr. S. L. Lee, Dr. read that, my mind went back to the private audience with Gavin in which Kent Deng, Chao Chien, and Dr. John city walls of X’ian, on top of which he warned me of the many difficul- Ruskamp, who contributed articles my friends and I rode bikes in the ties ahead and encouraged me to to this issue, as friends. In July 2010 summer of 2006. The ancient city think big. He told me then that he the first three men and I all spoke at walls in China are as wide as many thought there was not one chance the Zheng He Symposium in Melaka, streets. Perhaps each author’s contri- in 100 million that my father was Malaysia, then later at Tsinghua Uni- bution alone is small, but together wrong. That was also when I got to versity in Beijing, China’s Harvard. they form a tsunami of evidence. know Dr. Hwa-Wei Lee, Chief of the At one point, my luggage was lost I have been told that my father Asian Division of the Library, who and S.L.’s wife Theresa loaned me was the first in recent years to realize has since endorsed my books and the silk jacket off her back so I did the significance of the round style of opened many doors for me. not have to lecture in the T-shirt I’d world map (pictured on the cover). When Gavin was asked to speak been traveling in. Both Kent and In 1973, in an era when major U.S. at the Library of Congress in May Chao allowed me to quote them in universities scoffed at those who 2005, he agreed to do so if they would my book. In 2008, Chao proofread believed something other than that let me and a handful of others also the Chinese in my manuscript. In 6 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 2009 Kent booked a lecture for me the Americas before Columbus. at the University of London. While However, century after century they we are all independent warriors, we were shouted down. In his 1885 text, USCPFA are inspired to assist each other as we An Inglorious Columbus, Edward Vin- NATIONAL are able. ing wrote of Philippe Buache, who Though at first skeptical about in Paris in 1753 published a paper DIRECTORY my father’s research, my first contri- stating that in 458 AD, Chinese bution to this study was to honestly established a colony on the coast of President examine his book, The Asiatic Fathers California. Buache scooped the re- Robert Sanborn of America, and then to bring it out search of M. de Guignes who in 1761 402 East 43rd Street in an abridged (800 pages down to published, based on a Chinese text, Indianapolis, IN 46205-1706 150) version in 2006. My second “Investigation of the Navigations of 317-283-7735 contribution was in 2008—my own the Chinese to the Coast of America [email protected] book, Secret Maps of the Ancient World, and Some Tribes Situated at the which springboards from my father’s Eastern Extremity of Asia.” Perhaps Treasurer and includes much new evidence. No de Guignes had been slow to present Marge Ketter, Treasurer book other than Secret Maps of the his own findings because he knew (see below) Ancient World explores this subject what had happened to Gallileo only a back to the dawn of Chinese history, century earlier when he went against Membership 2000 BC, while bringing hundreds conventional wisdom. At that time Marge Ketter of academic sources together and and in the centuries following, schol- 7088 SE Rivers Edge St. explaining them in layman’s lan- ars have arisen with more and more Jupiter, FL 33458 guage. For those who want to study evidence for early Chinese arrival Phone and Fax 561-747-9487 this subject further, read Secret Maps to the Americas—then have been [email protected] of the Ancient World as an overview, shouted down. As Kermit the Frog then read through the books and said: “It’s not easy being green.” Tours articles in its bibliography. Vining’s great work is now avail- Barbara H. Cobb The senior statesman on the topic able as a reprint. His book and 496 Ellenwood Drive of the early arrival of Chinese to the de Guignes’ research inspired Henri- Nashville, TN 37211 Americas is Dr. Cyclone Covey (PhD ette Mertz in 1953 to write the classic, Phone and Fax 615-833-9512 Stanford ’49). Since 1953 he has re- Pale Ink, later published under the [email protected] searched and written books on this title Gods From the Far East. Using the subject. He and my father were con- verbal descriptions from the Chinese Center for Teaching About China temporaries but never met. However, Shan Hai Jing and a topographical Kathleen Trescott Dr. Covey mentioned my father’s map, she traced the 2000 BC routes 1214 W. Schwartz work in four of his own texts. When onto maps of the United States, say- Carbondale, IL 62901 I started my own research, I tracked ing that they fit nowhere else on 618-549-1555 Dr. Covey down and asked difficult earth. I have been to locations they [email protected] but honest questions: “It has been identify. Too much matches up for it 30 years since my father wrote his not to be real. The works of Vining US-China Review (USCR) book. Has all of this been disproved and Mertz inspired both my father Marci Duryea, Prod. Coordinator since?” 3 S 244 Cypress Drive Dr. Covey assured me that my Glen Ellyn, IL 60137-7361 father had been right and that in 630-469-8710 the intervening years much more [email protected] evidence had come to light. Then he offered to assist were I to continue USCR Subscriptions my father’s research. I never could Marge Ketter have survived this complicated study 7088 SE Rivers Edge St. without Dr. Covey’s guidance and Jupiter, FL 33458 encouragement, which continues to Phone and Fax 561-747-9487 this day. Initially almost everything about this subject was foreign to me, [email protected] but he has been endlessly patient. He Film & Audio-Visual Library has been my Professor Higgins and Richard Pendleton I his Eliza Doolittle. At age 89, Dr. 23 Hemenway St. #1 Covey graciously and with enthusi- Boston, MA 02115 asm joined those writing articles for this issue. 617-353-1211 Since before the United States was [email protected] even a nation, in Europe scholars were arguing that Chinese reached Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 7 and Dr. Covey, who lectured widely Native Americans, which that text de- proves the Asian connection. A DNA and wrote A Critical Reprise of “Aborigi- scribes as “Indians”: “Some ethnolo- study in 2010 showed that famed nal” American History. I am aware of gists think they descended from the cellist Yo-Yo Ma, whose parents were several books on different aspects of Mongolian race, while others regard the first generation to leave China, is this topic currently in the pipeline to them as a mixture of the Polynesian genetically related to Eva Longoria of be published. and Caucasian with the Mongolian. Desperate Housewives, who has Native My father wrote that it used to From the tradition of their tribes it American roots. be taught in American schools that is learned that they emigrated from My father, Dr. Hendon Harris, Chinese had an early presence in some region, but knew not from Jr., said: “The record of Asia is writ- the Americas. Though Dr. Covey whence.” ten into the stones of America and confirmed this, I had to see it for I found that by about 1910, the into the bodies of its early people.” myself, so I searched antique shops. US history texts suddenly declared Contact Charlotte Harris Rees at Asi- In Teachers’ and Pupils’ Cyclopaedia, that the Indians originated only in aticfathers.com. Chicago, 1904, it says, concerning the Americas. Of course, DNA now

Bob Meistrell, founder of BodyGlove (wet suits) in Sept. 2010 said he has found about 30 of these when diving off the California coast. Stone cannot be carbon dated. But he was told that judging from the manganese accumulation on them it was estimated that they’d been on the seabed for 3,000 to 4,000 years. The one on the left broke in half as it was hoisted up. Bob said the whole anchor would have weighed a ton. This is the style used by ancient Chinese. Native Americans would not have used such anchors. Bob would like someone knowledgeable to analyze the stone to fi nd where it originated. Photo by Dave Rees during visit by he and his wife Charlotte Rees. Charlotte Harris Rees will be a keynote speaker at the Washington Seminar, April 26-27, Washington, D.C. Be there!

8 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 a failure that may have saved it from Introduction the 313 BC Qin book burnings. Dr. Cyclone Harris, among much else of sig- to the Shan Covey, PhD nificance in his great tome, inferred that Hopi and Pueblo Indians were Chinese, which travel today through Hai Jing Colorado and Arizona confirms. and Harris Fu Sang Dr. Cyclone Covey, PhD Stanford World Map 1949, is a distinguished historian, the By Cyclone Covey, PhD author of several books, and Professor Emeritus in History at Wake Forest The legendary Chinese hero Yü University, Winston-Salem, North was vice-regent to King Yao (Post- Carolina. Neolithic, incipient-Bronze) when he grasping its implications, he wrote sent out explorer teams to the ends and published his astounding, semi- of the earth commanded by Captains nal double-volume The Asiatic Fathers Ta-jang (who paced east) and Shi-hu of America in 1973 in Taipei, Taiwan. (who paced west) with bundles of He epically discerned numerous Shan counting sticks (measuring the earth). Hai Jing toponyms on his map, in- In old age, Yü received his also-aged cluding Fu Sang, Kingdom of Women, explorers back and compiled their Refined Gentlemen Country, Smoke- expedition reports into what became Blackened People, Inscribed Bodies the Shan Hai Jing (Mountain Seas Clas- Country, Island of Little People, Land sic), an anthology of travelogues, of Giants, Summerland, and Great which Chinese and European scholars Luminous Canyon of the Bottomless 3,000-year-old unaccountably did not see as such, Ravine, the Grand Canyon, a favorite calling it variously a geography, an ancient Chinese tourist destination Chinese Coins in encyclopedia, or a fantastic fable. featured notably in Shan Hai Jing Canadian Creek At one point, the volumes of the books IX and XIV. Shan Hai Jing were reduced by half The enterprising Afghan Buddhist On a website titled China Expat, in to 32 books, the first five of which monk Hui Shan and his compan- an article with attitude titled “Before give distances in li, a Chinese land ions from Kabul revisited most of America, Fu Sang,” the author speaks measure that is approximately one- these places in the 5th century AD. of the difficulty of getting the new third of a mile. Chinese savants tried A Southern Liang Courtier, Yü-gie, information believed, then quotes an assiduously and unsuccessfully to interrogated Hui as ambassador of Fu 1882 Canadian newspaper article: trace the journeys within China. Sang and gave a momentous banquet A feisty Chicago patent lawyer, speech quoting Hui’s descriptions. “A few weeks ago a party of min- Henriette Mertz, astutely traced the Yü-gie’s speech was a big success, ers, who were running adrift in the four, long beeline journeys of far rousing hilarious laughter from his bank on one of the creeks in the east Book IV Shan Hai Jing in western elite audience. mining district of Cassiart made a North America, ascertaining they fit The Late Zhou Bamboo Books remarkable find. At a depth of several nowhere else on the globe. She used allot 471 years to Xia (the dynasty feet the shovel of one of the party the 1885 Vining translation of the started by Yü)—not quite matching raised about thirty of the brass coins Shan Hai Jing, as did Hendon Harris, China’s traditional 2800 to 1766 BC that were the type used for currency although Harris could actually read dating. When Sima Qian’s list of 30 in China for many centuries. They the archaic, cryptic Chinese. She Shang kings were found engraved were strung on what appeared to be omitted and misapprehended the on Shang oracle bones, this verifica- an iron wire. This wire went to dust baffling desert Book XIII, which turns tion considerably increased respect a few minutes after being exposed to out keyed to the second journey—the for China’s traditional chronology. air, but the coins appeared as bright coastal descent—of Book IV, the river Chinese archaeologists defined Xia and new as when they left the Celes- half of the two teams, thus retaining culture between Longshanoid and tial mint. They have been brought to li measurements for an appalling Shang strata at Erlitou Village (Yan- Victoria [BC] and submitted to the stretch, perhaps to Tierra del Fuego. shi, Henan Province) and uncovered inspection of intelligent Chinamen, [Dr. Covey was the first to realize that 99 more Erlitou sites. The c. 1028 BC who unite in pronouncing them to there were two teams measuring dif- fall of the Shang flushed refugees by be upward of three thousand years ferent features of the same terrain, tens of thousands to Mexico with old. They bear a date about twelve one documenting mountains, the their high Shang civilization we hundred years anterior to the birth other rivers. —Ed.] know as Olmec. of Christ.” The Rev. Dr. Hendon Mason Harris Surprisingly, Confucius did not http://www.chinaexpat.com/2010 acquired his Fu Sang World Map in a mention the Shan Hai Jing, perhaps be- /06/24/before-america-fu-sang.html/ Seoul bookshop in 1972. Immediately cause he felt it had no moral wisdom, Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 9 Xia Dynasty: Northern Liang: 22-17th c. BC 1 Prof Wei Chu-hsien and Hun 397-439 2070-1600 BC 2 Southern Yan: 2207-1766 BC 3 China and America Xianbei 398-410 Shang Dynasty: By Ah Xiang Western Liang: 17 c.-1122 BC 1 Chinese 400-421 1600-1046 BC 2 Prof Wei Chu-hsien, a student of Wang Guo-wei, Liang -chao, Chen Hunnic Xia: HunHun 407-431407-431 ssss 1765-1122 BC 3 Yin-ko, and Li Chi at 1926’s Tsing-Hwa [Tsinghua] University of Beijing, Northern Yan: Western Zhou: published a book called China and America, Volume One, in March of 1982. Chinese 409-436 1134 - 771 BC 1 As Wei Chu-hsien noted, he had been tormented by the fact that it was North Dynasties: 386-581 1046 - 771 BC 2 difficult to find translators who knew and understood ancient classics Northern Wei: 386-534 1121 - 771 BC 3 well enough to translate his book into English. Eastern Wei: 534-550 Eastern Zhou: In this book, Prof Wei Chu-hsien (Juxian Wei) stated that he, first com- Western Wei: 535-557 770-256 BC ing across in 1961 a Confucius passage on six birds that flew backward as Northern Qi: 550-577 770-249 BC 3 recorded in Spring and Autumn Annals, had linked the yi bird to America’s Northern Zhou: 557-581 Sping & Autumn: hummingbirds. For the next ten years, he began to compile 81 essays, to- South Dynasties: 420-589 722-481 BC taling 1.4 million characters, on ancient China’s contacts with America. Liu Song: 420-479 Wei Chu-hsien met Prof Lau Tun-li of SUNY in 1970 and began to ex- 770-476 BC 3 Southern Qi: 479-502 change opinions as to American Indian heritage, such as praying for rain, Warring States: Liang: 502-557 ancestral stone worshipping, and Chinese inscriptions found in America. 403-221 BC In 1969, a HK publishing house first published a table of contents of the Chen: 557-589 476-221 BC 3 book, The Chinese Discovered America! Wei Chu-hsien stated that he had Sui Dynasty: 581-618 Qin Statelet: to use the subscription fees from some donators for sustaining his impov- : 618-690 900s?-221 BC erished “filling lines with characters” career. Wu Zhou: 690-705 Qin Dynasty: I picked up Prof Wei’s book again and found out that he had listed abun- Tang Dynasty: 705-907 221-206 BC dant written texts, from ancient Chinese chronicles, about the existence of Five Dynasties: 907-960 248-207 BC 3 a “Deep Sea Valley” beyond Japan, “Feather Mountain” island in possibly Posterior Liang: 907-923 Western Han: the Pacific Northeast, “Brown Bear” stories, and the Redwood trees. Posterior Tang: 923-936 206 BC-23 AD Prof Wei had citations of dozens of entries about the Redwood tree, Posterior Jinn: 936-946 Xin (New): 9-23 AD known to Chinese as the “Fu-sang” in Chinese texts prior to BC eras. Appar- Posterior Han: 947-950 Western Han: 23-25 AD ently, ancient Chinese in AD eras, i.e., Monk Hui-shen of the 5th century, Posterior Zhou: 951-960 Eastern Han: 25-220 had mutated the ancient term “Fu-sang” to mean something different. 10 Kingdoms: 902-979 Three Kingdoms: Prof Wei validated that, though America had no iron, ancient Peruvians Wu: 902-937 Nanking Wei 220-265 had imported iron from ancient China for cutting the stones for palace : 907-925 Shu 221-263 construction. Also, he validated ancient Chinese texts [prior to BC eras] as to Nan-Ping: 907-963 Wu 222-280 the abundance of silver and gold in ancient America, and that the American Wu-Yue: 907-978 Zhejiang Western Jinn: 265-316 natives did not treasure the metals, as recorded in Liang Shu. Min: 907-946 Fukien Eastern Jinn: 317-420 Liang Shu, The Book of Liang, completed in 635, contains the history : 16 Nations: 304-420 of the Liang dynasty, and various descriptions of countries to the east of 907-971 Canton China. One of its best-known passages is this description by the monk Hui : Di 301-347 Chu: 927-956 Hunan Shen (慧深) of the country of Fusang, 20,000 li east of China. Hun Han (Zhao): Later Shu: The Book of Liang is part of the Twenty-Four Histories, 二十四史, canon of Hun 304-329 ss Chinese history, a collection of Chinese historical books covering a period 934-965 Sichuan Anterior Liang: of protohistory and history from 3000 BC to the Ming Dynasty. The set of : Chinese 317-376 3,213 volumes and its approximate 40 million words is often considered an 937-975 Nanking Posterior Zhao: authoritative source of traditional Chinese history and culture, and is used : Jiehu 319-352 ss for research on literature, art, music, science, military affairs, geography, 951-979 Shanxi Anterior Qin: ethnography, and many other fields [Its text is available from National Khitan Liao: 907-1125 Di 351-394 ss Sun Yat-sen University]. Northern Song: 960-1127 Anterior Yan: Typically, after collecting credible sources, these canonical history re- Southern Song: 1127-1279 Xianbei 337-370 cords were produced in the next dynasty by officially organized editing, Western Xia: 1032-1227 Posterior Yan: revising, and collating. Every factual error left in the published records Jurchen Jin (Gold): Xianbei 384-409 was officially considered a failure by the responsible officer. Therefore, 1115-1234 Posterior Qin: compared to “personally made history” (稗史), these records are considered Mongol Yuan: 1279-1368 Qiang 384-417 ss “credible history” (信史) by most professional history researchers. Ming Dynasty: 1368-1644 Western Qin ss: Go to www.worldcat.org and enter China and America, Wei Chu-hsien, Manchu Qing: 1644-1912 Xianbei 385-431 for full list of his works in English and Chinese, and one titled The Discovery R.O.C.: 1912-1949 Posterior Liang: of Chinese Inscriptions in America.—Ed. R.O.C. Taiwan: Di 386-403 1949-present Southern Liang: To follow the author’s work-in-progress transcription of Professor Wei Chu- P.R.C.: 1949-present Xianbei 397-414 hsien’s work and for full text and photos, please visit the website where this article and the Table of Dynasties was derived, with permission, at http://www. imperialchina.org/Ancient_America.shtml.

10 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 Tree, Chinese Asiatic Echoes: oracle bone script, The Identification c. 1300 BC of Chinese Native American pictogram, Pictograms in c. AD 700 North American Native Rock Writing By John A. Ruskamp, Jr., EdD

Scattered across North America are numerous ancient and complex rock carvings that are highly similar, even identical, to ancient styles of Chinese script. Could these images, believed to have been created by Native Americans, embody the long sought after historical evidence that Large Tree, Chinese script, the Chinese were in the Americas in c. AD 400 pre-Columbian times? During the past several decades, various assertions for an early Chinese influence in North America have been put forth, substantiated, in part, by ancient Chinese maps, relics, and texts. However, lacking an indepen- dent and equally old North American written record, convincing proof for these trans-Pacific interchanges has remained elusive. Unfortunately, there is no evidence that the Native people of North America utilized any form of formal writing system, so finding a detailed record of such an interchange has been considered unlikely, if not impossible. However, Dr. John Ruskamp has recently revealed remarkable evi- dence that shortly after the time of “Piasa Bird” pictograph the Han Dynasty, the Native people of North America incorporated small evidence supports the interpreta- so this version of it is based upon the seal forms of Chinese script into their tion of specific, artistically complex, written description they left us, along rock depictions. In a soon to be pub- recurring, and grouped images in with a very crude drawing, in their lished book titled: Asiatic Echoes—The North American Native rock writing notes. However, the attached image Identification of Ancient Chinese picto- as ancient forms of Chinese script. made of the site in 1841 shows a fair grams in North American Native Rock The images above are but a few of bit of detail, and it was drawn by an Writing, he presents his long awaited the pictograms evaluated in Asiatic eyewitness. findings, demonstrating that certain Echoes. When viewed together, they I believe the original was an ex- native glyphs are indeed Chinese illustrate the high degree of similarity ample of Asiatic influence as there characters. shared by ancient script and Native is nothing quite like this in North Borrowing from the legal com- American glyphs. American Native art. It (at least from munity, Ruskamp uniquely applies The book’s cover art is a photo of the description of Marquette & Joliet the concept of artistic “substantial the “Piasa Bird” pictograph located at and the 1841 drawing) has features similarity” as an evaluative tool to Alton, Illinois, a modern recreation that align well with Asiatic artwork. quantitatively compare the indi- of the original that was sighted and Could this have been created by one vidual line strokes of early Chinese recorded at that location by Joliet of the early (AD 500-700) Chinese ex- pictograms with those used to draw and Marquette when they explored peditions to the “far east” mentioned equally old Native American glyphs. the Mississippi River in 1673. The in the Shan Hai Jing? I think it is likely He concludes that overwhelming original was destroyed over the years, as one more “Asiatic Echo”. Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 11 ing voices from critics and the general Fierce public. “I’ve received tons of hatred. But I don’t care. I understand it’s difficult for a Advocate of person to turn his back on a lifelong con- viction, something he was raised on.” Truth As to the buzz his book’s release By Xu Fan, China Daily might cause in China, Menzies says he has the confidence to face the ques- April 24, 2011. Modest and soft- tions. spoken, a mellow character like Gavin “1434’s publisher Harper Collins Menzies is hard to link to a fierce chal- has done a careful fact check, sen- lenger of recorded history tence by sentence, which took several However, this 74-year-old British months.” amateur historian and retired subma- To those professional historians who rine commander has published two dismiss his theories as fictitious, his books that claim Chinese navigators methodology as unorthodox, Menzies beat Christopher Columbus to the dis- simply replies, “People tend to be too covery of Americas and also sparked the scared to admit that they are probably Renaissance in Europe. wrong. They are too frightened to ad- Menzies recently came to Beijing, mit that Chinese civilization might be invited as a winner of the Golden Pau- the source of all the incredible things lownia Awards, an event held in the that happened in the West in medieval Great Hall of the People by Phoenix times.” Satellite TV to honor cooperation with Gavin Menzies’ 1434 was published in Chi- However, he also says that “it’s disas- the television network. nese in June. Photo by Zou Hong, China Daily. trous for China to have closed its doors With his announcement that the in the past hundreds of years, and it’s Chinese version of 1434: The Year a However, he prefers to think he is a great for its government to decide to Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited lucky man, as China’s fast development reopen the doors.” the Renaissance is going to be published has triggered worldwide interest in the According to Menzies, the greatest in June, Menzies is capturing attention country. People read his books, he says, impediment to his study has been the in the capital’s culture scene. as background for China’s recent rise. fact that he didn’t get as much useful Menzies claims in his first book, “Twenty years ago my books help from the Chinese historian com- 1421: The Year China Discovered the wouldn’t have sold, because no one munity as he had imagined. World, that a large fleet led by famed wanted to read about China,” he says, “Due to the lack of navigation knowl- Chinese eunuch admiral Zheng He “Its the great changes recently that edge, Chinese historians stopped think- discovered the Americas 70 years ahead made people curious about tracing back ing of, not to mention justifying, pos- of Columbus. The 2002 book, listed on the reasons in history.” sibilities that their ancestors might have the New York Times bestseller list for With his second book, 1434, Men- rounded the Cape of Good Hope, sailing months, has run to 24 editions in 135 zies gives the world another fresh aspect all the way across the south Atlantic.” countries. of China’s possible lost history, partly Still, Menzies and his theories have During an exclusive interview with triggered by the discovery of an ancient millions of followers worldwide. China Daily, Menzies says his interests Chinese map owned by Beijing lawyer “The books’ official website sees as a historian coincide with his early Liu Gang. thousands of visits every day and years’ fascination of China. As a firm believer that Columbus’ people have been contributing their When he was three weeks old, Men- fleets were guided by a map throughout own findings and evidence,” he said. zies moved to China with his mother to the voyage, Menzies maintained it was The man owes much of his achieve- Weihaiwei, a major port on the Shan- another copy of the 1424 map that ments to his loving wife, who has al- dong Peninsula, where his father was somehow ended up in Spanish hands. ways supported him and financed his based with the British navy. Menzies He claims that the Ming emperor Zhu voyages and research since 1990.They spent his first two years in China. Di ordered the map to be brought to live in central London, where he enjoys The chance to cure his nostalgia for the Pope as a gift, among other Chi- the convenience of walking ten minutes China came in 1990, when Menzies nese innovations, as part of a friendly to the British Library to work on the saw a 1424 map—created by Venetian exchange on one of Zheng’s voyages. books. Menzies just sold his latest book cartographer Zuane Pizzigano some 70 He says another gift, a copy of the to a major publisher. He arranged his years before the 1492 Columbus voy- Chinese Book of Agriculture, Nong Shu, thoughts for a second before revealing age—that included four islands in the provided direct inspiration for the il- the book’s subject. western Atlantic. lustrations of mechanical devices pio- “Um...I found that the first people “It was mind-blowing,” Menzies re- neered by Italian Renaissance thinkers to get to the Americas in big numbers... counted. With the brave theory that the Taccola and Leonardo da Vinci. Menzies weren’t the Chinese—they were from Chinese discovered the Americas and 20 claims China was partly the fountain- Turkey. In big, big numbers. In huge years of hard work collecting evidence, head of the great Renaissance. fleets and ships.” Menzies published his first book 1421, As expected, Menzies’ theories are “It has absolutely been an amazing not exactly well received everywhere. which won him both wealth and vigor- journey,” he adds with a smile. ous verbal lashings from critics. But the author shrugs off the question- 12 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 tional firestorm. One of the sparks What Harris saw was a world map Nailing their landed on Rees, who read 1421 with block-printed in an ancient Shang amazement and realized that the au- style, with China at the center and a Colors to the thor was trying to connect the same circular continent looping around the dots her father had followed in his edges of the page. He immediately research. related this to the Fu Sang of the Mast “When I was a social worker Shan Hai Jing. In subsequent years By Mike Peters, China Daily straight out of college, many of my Harris found copies of similar maps 7/9/2010; Washington Post clients in Oklahoma were American in the collections of museums and 7/30/2010 Indians who looked very Asian to universities. me,” she says today. “But the idea A year later, Harris wrote The Asiat- A bright-eyed, middle-aged woman of Chinese coming to America 4,200 ic Fathers of America: Chinese Discovery from the state of Virginia, United years ago in boats sounded pretty far- and Colonization of Ancient America. It States, sits waiting for her next in- fetched then.” got some notice in academic circles, terview in a Lido-area (Beijing) hotel But her father, Hendon M. Har- but it was never the pop-culture phe- lobby. She’s a retired social worker, a ris Jr., child of second generation nomenon of 1421, though its premise no-nonsense lady who speaks quietly Christian missionaries who worked was much more controversial. and deliberately. But she is in town in several regions of China, was fasci- For while Menzies’ book credits to help answer the question: Did me- nated by the possibility. He picked up the voyages of Zheng He and his dieval Chinese navigators reach the references to ancient Chinese naviga- admirals with the discovery of the Americas years before Christopher Co- tors from several sources, including world beyond China, Harris argues lumbus? Just a few years ago, Charlotte the ancient classic Shan Hai Jing, said that they set sail with maps made Harris Rees started thinking that her to have been written in 2,200 BC from information acquired hundreds, late father might have held the key to and quoted in Chinese history and even thousands of years earlier. one of history’s great mysteries. literature ever since. Charlotte Harris Rees finds that “Few people expect ever to own Then one day in 1972, Harris was argument persuasive. Her speech in documents that could change world browsing in an antique shop in South Melaka this week was titled “Zheng history,” Harris writes in her 2008 Korea, looking for gifts to take home He’s Inheritance.” She told her audi- book, Secret Maps of the Ancient World, to his family in the United States. He ence that “starting a study of Chinese “and neither did we. Yet for decades, was examining the wares on display sea travel with Zheng He is like begin- under my brother’s bed, lay ancient when the shopkeeper said, “I have a ning a study of space travel with a trip Asian maps that we, our father’s seven map in the back. Would you like to to Mars.” children, inherited from him. Some see that?” Chinese seafaring was refined over believe that they may contain a secret “Father wasn’t really into collect- centuries, she believes. “Zheng He of the ancient world.” ing maps—not then! But he said, could not have been as successful as That possibility brought Rees to ‘Yes,’” the daughter says. And when he was, without the treasure trove of Asia this month for two weeks of the map was spread out, as he re- knowledge and invention amassed by conferences and speeches. Her first counted to his children years later, the Chinese.” stop focused on Zheng He (1371– “he had to sit down because he felt An illustration from the July 2005 1435), the 15th-century Chinese himself shaking all over.” issue of National Geographic compares admiral dispatched by Emperor Zhu Di to “proceed all the way to the end of the Earth.” An international conference this week in Melaka, Malaysia—a seafarer’s crossroads for centuries, an important base for Zheng He—explored ques- tions about Africa. Zheng certainly got there, but exactly where and the extent of his fleet’s settlements and activities have engaged curious schol- ars for centuries. The question that excites Rees, however, is whether Zheng He—and perhaps his Chinese predecessors— sailed to America as well. Academics have batted around that idea for centuries, but it wasn’t until Gavin Menzies published his bestselling book, 1421: The Year China Tsinghua University, July 19, 2010, when Chao Chien, S. L. Lee, Charlotte Harris Rees, Discovered the World, eight years ago and Kent Deng spoke there. Left to right are Chao Chien, S. L. Lee, Charlotte Harris Rees, that the debate became an interna- Kong Huai Tsai (descendant of Confucius), Sulia Chan (of New York, who set up the speaking schedule), and Kent Deng. Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 13 Zheng He’s largest ships to European known map of the Americas with vessels of the same era. The article Chinese inscriptions. You challenged contends that the Chinese admiral’s that publicly. fleet contained up to 62 baochuan, or A: It was a surprising thing for the treasure ships, that measured 400 by Library of Congress to say. Many 170 feet. (See photos of ship models people doing research in this area that Empress Dowager Ci Xi aban- have seen older maps of the Americas doned at the 1910 Belgian Expo at with Chinese writing. One of them laszloart.com/ChineseJunks.htm). is in the Library of Congress’ own “You could fit all of Columbus’ collection, though they have yet to ships and all of Vasco da Gama’s on validate or disprove its age. a single deck of a ship that size,” Is this about ethnic bias? Rees says in awe. Rees talks about her Q: Well, it’s true that many Western father’s research today with the pas- A: sion of a religious convert. She talks scholars are invested in the history of of ancient Chinese shipwrecks off the the European discovery of America. US Pacific coast. Of maps Columbus But it may be a matter of money, too. and Magellan are said to have used on In May 2003, the Library of Congress their voyages. Of DNA testing on Na- purchased the Waldseemuller Map of tive Americans, with undisputed links the world for $10 million—$5 million to ancient Chinese. So is she con- from Congress and $5 million from vinced that Chinese adventurers, not donors. According to their 2003 press Columbus, “discovered America”? release, that map was the “first image “I don’t pretend to know the an- of the outline of the continents of the Says Braden, “Archaeologists swers,” she says, smiling. “But as we world as we know them today—Mar- and geologists have no problem find more and more evidence, I think tin Waldseemuller’s monumental with the new information. It’s the historians who have a terrible time we have to keep doing our best to put 1507 map.” That indeed is a beauti- with it—because it messes up their it together until we do know.” ful map. However, if the Library of story line.” Congress now, only seven years later, New York Times best-selling au- Q: Why are the ideas in your book admits that any other map that shows so controversial? thor, geologist/scientist Gregg Braden the American continents predates the (greggbraden.com) has spent 20+ It’s not easy to rewrite history. A: Waldseemuller, perhaps Congress and years searching remote monasteries, I’m not a PhD, and were I to pursue the donors will complain their money ancient sites, traditions, and scriptures a PhD, I’d need university and aca- was misspent. worldwide, including those of Egypt, demic mentors who supported the re- Many scholars contend that since India, Peru, and Tibet, and is deeply search. Most experts on the discovery the Waldseemuller and other Euro- in touch with the new information of America have invested their lives pean maps showed the Pacific Coast surfacing. Scientists are now identi- and careers documenting a different of the Americas before Europeans had fying civilizations that date into the view, a Eurocentric view. been there, that they had to be copied last ice age, advanced sophisticated Q: It seems that a lot of Chinese from earlier maps. civilizations, twice as old as anything scholars are as reluctant as US scholars Q: People who read your book, your ever found. The oldest scientifically to embrace the idea. Why? father’s book, and Gavin Menzies’ confirmed one right now is in Turkey, A: There is immense interest here. book can easily be overwhelmed by Gobelki Tepi, 11,500 years old, from But it can’t be proved, especially with all of the evidence. But critics contend the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic A pe- Chinese documents, because, soon most of it is circumstantial. Of every- riod, which ended around 9000 BC. after the voyages of Zheng He, there thing you’ve seen and learned about, Predating Stonehenge by 6,000 years, was a tremendous reaction against what has been the most convincing it and others upend the conventional these outside adventures and the evidence for you? view of the rise of civilization. Virtu- ally none of this new information is strain such shipbuilding put on the DNA evidence, which is quite A: being integrated into our schools. country’s economy. Ships, maps, re- recent. We’ve known for a long time cords were all destroyed and China Other evidence is of a 180-degree that the “Chinese blue spot,” which polar shift that occurred about 13,200 became an inward-looking society appears on the buttocks of babies and for centuries. That’s why it’s easier years ago. There was a sudden melt- then disappears, is also seen at birth ing of the polar caps and tremendous to find ancient maps that tell the in many Native American communi- flooding on the planet. It was the story in Korea, where they were not ties. Now we know that five distinct evidence of these geologic events that destroyed by government order, than genetic markers match ancient Chi- turned Braden to the study of ancient it is in China. nese with modern Native Americans. texts to discover whether records Q: The US Library of Congress re- That’s evidence you can take to court and explanations or interpretations cently exhibited a famous map made and win. of these events survive in countries by Matteo Ricci, the Italian Jesuit, throughout the world. which the Library said was the first 14 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 The medallion was unearthed in came to China in 1584, stayed until Chinese a very scantly populated area near his death in Beijing in 1610. Asheville, North Carolina, where Matteo Ricci’s 1602 map is com- Surveyed and major battles were fought between pletely written in Chinese. In Ricci’s the earliest European immigrants and own words on the map, he had the native Cherokee. The Cherokee consulted Chinese sources to add Drew the had a Big Dipper flag, a symbol that hundreds of names and to correct the represented the Chinese emperor for geography. Almost 50 percent of the First World 2,000 years. This is well documented 1,114 names, including those on the in 1,000 years of official history as American continents, do not have Map Before part of the imperial procession, from equivalents in European maps. And, the Song to the Qing dynasties. The Ricci’s map is far more accurate than Columbus Big Dipper was also a guiding con- any other contemporaneous world By Siu-Leung Lee, PhD stellation for Zheng He’s navigation. map. Other than China and the Cherokee, The absence of Papal State and im- A seven-centimeter diameter plain no nation in the world had a Big Dip- portant Renaissance names on Ricci’s brass medallion with the inscription per flag before the 20th century. 1602 map is obviously inconsistent “Authorized and awarded by Xuande The Floridian natives had star-cres- with Ricci’s status as a Jesuit com- of Great Ming” was unearthed four cent flags, an easily recognized Mus- missioned to evangelize China. An inches under the soil, several hundred lim symbol. Zheng He was a Muslim, Italian map without the Papal State miles inland from the American east his ancestral name Mohammad. The and Florence in the 16th century is coast. Is it evidence for pre-Columbi- Spanish colonists certainly would not equivalent to an American map today an contact of Chinese with America? have displayed a star-crescent flag as without Washington DC and New Since I obtained the medallion in Columbus set sail in the same year York City. The first major American 2006, it has totally changed my life, the Spanish drove the Muslims out cities established in the 16th century and I hope it will change history as of Spain. by Spanish and Portuguese settlers, it is taught today. The Catawba tribe neighboring the such as Santa Cruz, Acapulco, Rio de Zheng He, an admiral who served Cherokee is famous for their pottery. Janeiro, and Buenos Aires, are notably the Ming Emperors Yongle and Their traditional tripod earthenware, absent. Xuande, assisted them to establish although much less sophisticated, The shape of Hudson Bay and the diplomatic and trade relations with almost replicates the distinct Chinese California peninsula are far more ac- all the nations they could find in the brass or porcelain censer made dur- curate on Ricci’s map than the con- world. In seven voyages (1405–1433), ing the Xuande era. These censers, temporaneous European world maps. each with 28,000 well-equipped crew- patterned on the ceremonial vessel Hudson Bay was not “discovered” members on hundreds of huge ships, “ding” used by Chinese emperors and until the year Ricci died. Area west of traveled via different routes for two kings, were part of the gifts brought the Mississippi, explored by Lewis and to three years. The capacity of this by Zheng He and were also used in Clark 200 years later, is shown with 28-year endeavor is at least 1,000-fold ceremonies to pray for maritime many names. Names and features that of all explorations combined in the safety. should be on the map are not there, Great Discovery Age. The whole pur- Up until the mid 18th century, while those shouldn’t be are found. pose of the last voyage commissioned Europe could not figure out the That is why Ricci’s 1602 map has been by Emperor Xuande in 1430 was to mysterious formula to make porce- characterized as “impossible.” announce himself and his new era. lain, until the English got porcelain Ricci’s map is consistent with the After Xuande died, China isolated clay from the Catawba Indians. The naming of major oceans with cardinal herself from the rest of the world for special white porcelain clay is called directions using China as the center more than 400 years. Most of Zheng I-to in Catawba tongue, unaker of reference, while European maps He’s records were lost. in Cherokee, and un-na-ke in were inconsistent and confused even The brass medallion by itself is not the dialect of Jingdezhen, the Chi- 200 years later. This mistake is seen proof of Ming Chinese in America be- nese porcelain capital of the world on a globe commissioned by the Pope fore Columbus. To solve this mystery, for the last 1,000 years. Even South and a map by Ricci’s successor Giulio I approach the problem like a forensic Carolinians are surprised that their Aleni. This shows the Chinese had detective solving a 600-year-old cold porcelain technology so uniquely prior knowledge of the three largest case. There is no living witness to tell resembles the traditional Jingdezhen oceans. the story, but cultural relics speak technology—in processing of clay, The most important dating clue is their own language and are amply glaze, and the style of pots. There are a note on the map above Spain clearly available to keen eyes. Hundreds of plenty of details left for discussion in stating that the map was drawn “70 Chinese cultural relics in America my upcoming book. some years” after the first official cannot be mere incidental or acci- The most important and irrefut- contact of China and Europe. This dental independent developments. able clue comes from the 1602 map refers to Pope Benedict XII sending Cultural relics are better in telling allegedly drawn by Matteo Ricci as a a legation of 50 clergymen to Beijing the truth as less error is introduced gift to the Chinese emperor Wanli. (1342–47). Seventy some years later by personal bias. Matteo Ricci, an Italian Jesuit who would date the map to 1410s–1420s Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 15 when Zheng He was active in his witness to my statements. peoples of the two continents hap- voyages, 160 years before Ricci and The above is only a brief glimpse pened long before China and America 70 years before Columbus. On the of the available evidence that Ming were nations by name. other hand, 70 some years prior to Chinese surveyed the world and Ricci’s visit or the European world drew the first world maps that led the This article summarizes presenta- maps, China had a maritime ban Great Discovery Age. The purpose of tions at the Hong Kong branch of the with no contact with the west. The this article is not to negate European Royal Geographic Society in 2006, and significance of this statement was left contributions in developing the new at the Zheng He Conference in Melaka, unnoticed by all including Ricci him- continent. However, it is necessary 2010. Dr. Siu-Leung Lee is a biochem- self, until I deciphered the meaning. to give proper credit to the deserved ist turned historian, internationally The 1602 map was completed one and to have history reflect the truth. known for his Chinese calligraphy, and year after Ricci was allowed to roam Without the Ming Chinese maritime author of all translation and calligra- in the Forbidden City. This provides explorations, the new continents phy of Nickelodeon’s animated series a timing witness of where and when would still have been discovered, but “Avatar.” In 2010, a renowned Chinese he likely had access to information in at a much later date. It is well recog- newspaper in Hong Kong featured Dr. the imperial archive. nized that the first settlers of America Lee’s Zheng He research in a full front- Unless more primary information came from Asia 14,000 years ago. So page article. [email protected]; can be found to support European the friendly relationship between website asiawind.com. discovery and survey of these places on Ricci’s map before the map was drawn, the conclusion should be revised to say that Ricci’s 1602 map is truly one based on Chinese survey, while the other world maps are cop- ies of an original source done by the Ming Chinese. For Ming Chinese to have drawn this map, they must have circumnavigated and returned safely. It is thus beyond reasonable doubt The famous that Ricci actually uncovered and Matteo Ricci redrew a Chinese world map around map, made Zheng He’s time (1405–1433), prov- in the year 1602. ing that Chinese were indeed the first to start the Great Discovery Age. Ricci’s map is not the only one that contradicts the “history” we have been taught. A 1507 map by Waldseemueller shows the vast Pa- cific Ocean and the Panama Isthmus before Balboa crossed the isthmus, seeing the Pacific Ocean for the first time in 1513, six years after the dated Waldseemueller map. Out of the thousands of miles of coastline, how did Balboa spot the isthmus so soon after Columbus’s trips? How did Magellan in 1519 prepare for the long journey across the unknown Pacific and make it successfully in one shot, Weaving a Profound Dialogue with no prior information? There used to be 1,000 copies of the Wald- between West and East: seemueller map, which obviously On Matteo Ricci, S.J. Ignatius Insight (5-27-09) served as the guide for Balboa and By Dr. Anthony E. Clark Magellan. Who else had the ability to survey the American continent in Pope Benedict XVI asked the bishop of Macerata, Italy, Claudio Giuliordi, to such detail before Columbus? prepare for a Jubilee Year in honor of the 400-year anniversary of Ricci’s death; The only surviving copy of the Ricci died on May 11, 1610, at his small church in Beijing. His impact on China Waldseemueller map was acquired was so great that after his death the Ming (1368–1644) ruler, Emperor Wanli (r. by the Library of Congress in 2007. 1563–1620), gave imperial land in Beijing to the Jesuits for his burial. Fr. Ricci The Ricci 1602 map was purchased was the first non-Chinese allowed to be interred inside the Middle Kingdom. by University of Minnesota in 2010. His tomb at the Zhalan Cemetery, located today in the campus of the Beijing Both are permanently on display as Communist Administrative College, is an actively visited site. 16 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 In China, Matteo Ricci is hailed as the Western world’s greatest “foreign guest” to China for his contributions to Chinese science, cartography, calendrics, mathematics, and philosophy. While China’s list of accolades does not generally include an appreciation for Ricci’s religious beliefs, the Church remembers him as the “father” of the China mission, one of the founders of Catholic apologetics, a controversial accomodationist, and one of history’s most brilliant thinkers. Matteo Ricci began his missionary work in 1582 at Macau, a Portuguese trad- ing colony in southern China, where he began his studies in Mandarin Chinese. Ricci endeavored to introduce Christianity to China delicately, choosing to graft the faith more organically onto China’s existing culture rather than Christian- izing it by first Westernizing the Middle Kingdom’s ancient traditions. Ricci was one of the first Christian missionaries to master the official guan- hua dialect of Chinese, the language spoken by the literati elite, the Confucian magistrates who held the administrative reins of the empire. Ricci was the first to navigate through the entire empire without a translator. Having mastered both spoken and written Chinese, and after memorizing the Confucian classics (a lifetime commitment for other mortals), Ricci ap- prehended China’s cultural mores better than his contemporaries. He knew that there were cultural aversions to certain im- ages—such many Chinese into the Church. a s t h o s e Some have argued that Matteo depicting Ricci’s eagerness to bring China to the Christ’s Pas- fullness of the Catholic faith led him sion—and to several problematic assumptions. he under- One, that...Eastern and Western his- stood that tory was the same before the Great t h e o n l y Flood;...that Noah’s son Shem moved way to effec- to China, bringing knowledge of tively intro- Adam when originally sinless; and... duce Christ that the “sages” (shengren) mentioned t o C h i n a in China’s ancient classics prefigured w o u l d b e and alluded to Christ. to withhold What eventually happened was some aspects that local Chinese literati were enraged of Christian- that a foreigner took such exegetical ity until na- liberties with the revered history and tive Chinese beliefs of their own traditions. were better But in the end, Matteo Ricci is prepared. little remembered for his theologi- W h i l e i n cal and historical creativity; he is Nanchang more often remembered today for he held pub- his contributions to, and influence lic debates on, Chinese society, a legacy few with Chinese scholars on science and theology, and the local Confucian of- foreigners can claim. ficials marveled at Ricci’s precocity. During these disputations, he memorized and recalled a long series of 1 Jonathan D. Spence, The Memory Pal- Chinese characters after merely glancing at them. In a letter to Rome, Fr. Ricci ace of Matteo Ricci (New York: Penguin wrote: “...to increase their wonder, [I] began to recite [the characters] all by Group, 1983), 139. memory backwards in the same manner, beginning with the very last until reaching the first. By which they all became utterly astounded and as if beside See the great, full, unabridged article themselves.1 and photos at http://ignatiusinsight.com/ At his first mission in Zhaoqing, he enticed local elites in 1584 with his features2009/tclark_mricci_may2009. mappus mundi, the first Chinese-language, European-style map of the entire asp. world. It was the first time that Chinese had seen a map drawn to scale, more or less, illustrating China in comparison to the rest of the globe. Not only did Anthony E. Clark, PhD, is Assis- Ricci’s map interest Chinese locals, but it also challenged previous assumptions tant Professor of Asian History at that China occupied most of the world’s land mass. Whitworth University in Spokane, While some accuse Ricci of focusing too exclusively on wooing the Chinese Washington. with Western curiosities such as maps, clocks, and clavichords, he did bring Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 17 Imperial Court, ignoring the severe in Chinese history. Given that the China’s resource constraints of the center. Europeans sailed across the Atlantic Such constraints parallel to a consid- at the end of the fifteenth century in Economic erable degree the imperial state. response to the Ottoman monopoly On the other hand, with the of overland trade of silk and spices, legitimacy of the Song always ques- the Chinese stared a similar process, Miracle in the tionable, the new emperor needed to only half a millennium ahead of the gain support from the elite. For that Europeans. Past: the Song end, a package was delivered: not only For such a purpose, Chinese ship were the Song bureaucrats paid higher designers and shipwrights began to Efflorescence salaries than any of their counterparts build large deep-water ships, com- By Kent G. Deng, PhD, among all dynasties, but also extra monly known as junks, with the London School of Economics official positions were created to ac- minimum replacement of 500 tons. commodate members of the literati. In fact, the design has remained large- Nowadays, we take two things for Meanwhile, partly for the purpose ly unchanged until the last century. granted: first, until recently, China of creating employment, and partly With the new ‘clinker built’ method was a very poor developing economy; for sake of window–dressing, to en- of wooden planks and pure iron and second, China is able to do won- large the standing army, the Song nails, these ships were built quickly ders if she determines to do so. What armed forces increased from 120,000 and cheaply without highly skilled has not been obvious is that China in 960 AD to 378,000 in 976, and carpentry: even women and children did economic wonders a millennium continued to rise to 666,000 by 997 could have a go with a hammer. This ago under the Song (960–1276). If (versus a total population of some 16 new design and new demand for ships the Song growth and development million), to 912,000 (versus a total stimulated China’s iron and steel in- had continued, scholars have argued, population of 19.9 million) by 1021, dustry. It is commonly cited that Song China could well have been the first then to 1,259,000 by 1048, and finally China annually rolled out 125,000 to country to industrialize 500 years to a record level of 1,400,000 in 1049 150,000 tons of the metal, about half ahead of Europe. (versus a total population of some a millennium ahead of the Europeans In many aspects, the Song was 22.3 million). in per capita terms. rather an unusual dynasty right in its These soldiers were well paid. It is With this rather modern flat-pack beginning. The Song (both Northern recorded that in 1064 AD, each soldier approach, a huge commercial navy and Southern) was a period of chronic of the elite troops was paid 50,000 was built in a short space of time crises: the state was extraordinarily bronze coins per year and each soldier ready to sail with shiploads of silk and weak in the provision of national in the ordinary troops 30,000. They porcelain for profit. What remained security, the pressure from the Tartars cost some 80 percent of the govern- were the right seasons. They were and Mongols was mounting to an ment annual budget. Interestingly, dictated by the Asian monsoons af- unprecedented degree, and the polar- however, these soldiers were not for fecting the Pacific and Indian oceans. ization among landholders reached a war. The Song government decided The monsoon wind blows in one way record level. to pay huge ransom to the Jin Tar- from the north to the south across However, these factors alone did tars to buy peace with the powerful Asia in November to March each year, not make the Song unique since they neighboring nomads annually with which coincides with the slack season had occurred before although to dif- silver (100,000–200,000 taels a year) for farming in China which freed the ferent degrees. Rather, the distinctive- and silk cloth (200,000–300,000 rolls Song Chinese for maritime trade with ness of this period lay in (1) a change a year). their new silk of the year among other in the governmental structure, (2) a All these policies created large defi- things. change in landholding structure, and cits in China’s budget , which in turn The wind changes to the opposite (3) a change in demographic distribu- forced the government to find alter- direction in May to September to tion and redistribution between north native revenues to finance its internal allow the Chinese to catch up with and south. All these changes were in and external expenses. As Confucian their agricultural fieldwork. This is one way or another related to the ideology opposes heavy taxes on the God-given which suited the Songs Song establishments. farming sector but allows squeezing perfectly. In addition, the steady and The weak state under the North- the merchant class, that alternative highly predictable winds persuaded ern Song was a result of a deliberate had to be taxing the commercial the Songs to use tall square sails policy under the first Song Emperor sector. After all, China produced silk mounted on hard frames to harvest Taizu (r. 960–76) who gained power and porcelain (real porcelain indeed the maximum wind power, a techni- by a military coup d’état. With the beginning from the Song period) that cal approach that will not work in constant fear of being toppled over could earn China more revenues. many other regions in the world. by a coup d’état against himself, However, thanks to the Jin Tar- Once all these were in place, the Zhao systematically stripped army tars who now controlled China’s Song maritime expansion began. officers and civilian bureaucrats of silk roads, China had to find new What has impressed the world later their power and claimed military, markets for its products at sea. This on in the early fifteenth century un- financial, judicial decision–making to ushered in the greatest surge of large- der the banner of Admiral Zheng He be the exclusive responsibility of the scale state-sponsored maritime trade (1371–1435) who sailed extensively 18 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 across the western Pacific and North- of European cultures and the ultimate The lands included all the continents: ern Indian oceans was in fact the domination of the world. Yet the curi- Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas, beginning of the end of the legacy of ous aspect of this history is that nobody Australia, and the poles. Islands such the Song sea power. seems to know what brought on such as Greenland and Iceland were also The efforts paid off. With Chinese an unlikely explosion of brilliance. prominently and unmistakably depict- ships calling at several dozen ports in The records of the period, especially ed. Mapmakers were not supposed to Southeast Asia, flooding one market concerning seafaring, are, to say the be able to represent geography without after another with Chinese manufac- least, sketchy. data. The fact that they did without tures, money rolled in to government What made Christopher Columbus firsthand experience of survey indicates coffers: in 1311, 70 percent of revenue desire to travel west by sea to Asia (as that they had copied the maps from came from trade taxes. Meanwhile, a it is said) whereas everybody else was a source that had. This conclusion is China-centered international trading going east, implying that he knew the inevitable. The maps in question are network emerged one later reported Earth was round at a time when Eu- not Chinese but European maps, and repeatedly by Arab and European visi- ropeans generally thought it was flat? they are preserved in national archives tors. And why did the Portuguese, the first to and institutions. All went so well for the Songs until venture out of continental Europe, go Further examination of these same the Mongols ruthlessly swept across east? Indeed, what prompted them to documents shows that the mapmakers the East Asian Continent, defeating go at all? The pat answer provided, even not only copied their oceans and land- the Tartars in 1234 and the Songs in in schools, is that the Ottoman Turks masses, they also copied the geographi- 1279. What followed was an eight- had monopolized the spice trade with cal characteristics of their sources; they decade-long economic dark age for the East, choking off trade routes. Thus, had Chinese names on their maps. the Chinese: the Chinese were not the Portuguese decided to circumvent But are not Chinese names rightfully allowed to engage in long-distance this obstacle and to find a new, direct on Chinese lands? Well, they are not trade, or wear silk, or have a high of- sea route to the Spice Islands, which supposed to be on non-Chinese lands, fice in the government. The profitable implies that they knew where those and they were. For instance, Chinese maritime trade was commissioned islands were. This theory, of course, is names were found on the American to Mongol-trusted foreigners of the now discredited, hence the real reason, continents alongside native names, ‘colored-eye race’. In addition, many or reasons, remains unknown. informing us that the European map- industrial centers, such as the iron- A close and detailed examination makers had no real knowledge of what and-steel capital Keifeng, were ruined. of extant European documents of the they were working on, and they were This ended the Song growth. period, however, offers up a logical, unaware of the state of confusion they There can be little doubt that the almost humdrum explanation: the were in. Thus we find Cathay and Tibet Song miracle growth was a state-led Chinese had documented the lands of neighbors to Rio Parias and Mexico endeavor with a range of makeshift the world and the Europeans inherited Not only are these names found in measures to ease a financial crisis the knowledge. unlikely places Chinese names, they are rather than a well–thought-out devel- European maps from the period, unquestionably Mongol-Yuan Dynasty opment plan for the economy. What from late 14th c. to 16th c., showed era nomenclature. For example, the did this do to China’s economy of the lands of the whole world before the name Manji, which appears on many the time? It flourished unprecedent- European explorers had visited them, of these antique European maps, is edly and all around in technology, before they knew such lands existed. a name the conquering Mongols be- outputs, and trade. This is something worth recalling as China is develop- ing fast. The Chinese Origin of the Age of Discovery By Chao C. Chien For hundreds of years the Age of Discovery has enjoyed the status as one of the most spectacular chapters in European history. The miraculous achievements in discovering new lands—not just lands, but entire con- 1569 (Less than 100 years after Columbus explored the Caribbean) Mercator map sporting tinents—led to the glorious flowering all major landmasses of the world. Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 19 stowed on the Chinese, and it means had not visited the Americas. Perhaps as vestiges of an evil past—helped erase “Barbarians.” Such signatures are an one day such evidence will surface. the grand episodes from the pages of easy give-away. The Europeans had The Portuguese explorers and Chris- Chinese history. The Zheng He expedi- obtained Chinese knowledge docu- topher Columbus sailed some half a tions were commissioned by Emperor mented during the 13th to 14th c. century later. Their having benefited Chengzu who was a usurper. He gained It is important to note that during from Chinese geographical knowledge the throne after a four-year civil war, the reign of the Chinese Ming Dynasty is beyond doubt. Indeed, the antique ousting his nephew who vanished. emperor Chengzu at the beginning of maps scrutinized in present research Throughout his reign he was at odds the 15th c., a series of naval expeditions show that the map sketches attributed with the court officials who held him were launched sending huge ships into to Christopher Columbus contain Chi- illegitimate. His maritime policy was the Indian Ocean and beyond. The nese signature features. summarily reversed upon his death and mission was headed by a court eunuch Unlike official conveyance of prop- replaced by a decree so radical that the named Zheng He. The proliferation of erties between nations, knowledge Chinese were forbidden to go to sea Chinese geographical knowledge on transfer is generally undocumented. It and to build ships with more than two European documents did not begin un- is also largely opportunistic. Such ma- masts. The Chinese eradicated their til early the 15th c.; that is, the time of jestic ships as the Ming treasure ships own supreme naval technology. (As Admiral Zheng He’s epic voyages, and sailing the high seas and making calls to why Emperor Chengzu dispatched soon thereafter. Zheng He’s fleets sailed at ports around the world cannot be such enormous ships overseas, that between 1405 and 1433. Right at this totally unseen, and indeed they were will be a discussion for a different oc- time, clearly identifiable elements from seen. European documents at the time, casion.) the 2,500-year-old Chinese geographi- as uncovered in this research, explicitly In a short time, and upon the crush- cal encyclopedia Shan Hai Jing began documented such sightings. The Ming ing juggernauts of European sea powers showing up on European documents. maritime expeditions were summarily and the subjugation by the Manchu in The Shan Hai Jing describes the terminated upon the death of their the 17th c., the Chinese had come to geography and the people who live in sponsoring emperor. believe the entire affair of the Age of foreign lands. Shan means mountains, There can be no doubt that perti- Discovery was European in the mak- hai means seas. Shan Hai Jing means The nent documentations of the enterprise ing. Today we find Chinese post-Zheng Classic of Mountains and Seas, or simply, found their way overseas, to not just He maps drawn with European input, “Geographica.” Europeans, but Muslims and others as clearly acknowledging the superiority The Shan Hai Jing contents and the well. The transfer of knowledge was also of the foreign newcomers. Ironically, Chinese place names provide us with hardly neat and organized. The antique much of the European geographical more than just clues to the sources of documents showed an almost tortuous input contained material that was European Age of Discovery documents. process in which European authors had originally Chinese, misinterpreted, and The overtly Mongol names also help a hard time working with and having to reintroduced to the Chinese without explain the sudden appearance of the interpret something clearly of a foreign the latter being aware of it. The Chinese grand Ming treasure ships and Zheng nature. The scales of the geographical had lost their past. Today even the Chi- He’s epic voyages. Doubtless the Ming renderings were different, for example. nese acknowledge Christopher Colum- also had come into the Yuan Dynasty Thus, one finds landmasses drawn to bus as the discoverer of the Americas. maritime records, which enabled them grotesquely erroneous sizes and major They had lost their own tradition. to build such ocean liners and provided landmasses ridiculously misplaced. Complete research with evidence guidance for their outings. As time went on, as the Europeans and analyses is contained in my new That the data that ultimately began flexing their naval muscles and 400-page ebook, The Chinese Origin of reached Europe that was expressed in reaping successes, much of this early the Age of Discovery (300 illustrations), the Mongol system also informs us that period of learning was forgotten. Leg- available from B&N and Amazon. I also Zheng He was using them too. (Had the ends and convenient story-telling filled authored its precursor, The 1421 Heresy, Ming created their own records of the the void. Christopher Columbus, who still available on Amazon, under the pen world, the nomenclature that reached had fallen out of favor with Queen name Anatole Andro, and am penning Europe would have been in Ming Isabella I of Castile and became persona another book on these same issues. terms.) Thus we have no direct indica- non-grata within ten years of his now tion that the Ming had repeated the famous outing, was soon completely Mr. Chao C. Chien, 錢肇昌, a Cali- feats of their predecessors. This may forgotten. The continent that he sup- fornia-based independent history come as somewhat of a disappoint- posedly discovered was ostensibly researcher and University of Michigan ment to Zheng He enthusiasts who named for another navigational no- engineering grad, before heading his would just love to be able to claim that body named Amerigo Vespucci. He was own computer consulting company, Zheng He had explored the American resurrected some three hundred years was employed at various firms, includ- Continents before Columbus. Sure, later only because Europeans needed a ing the Jet Propulsion Lab as Senior there are plenty of tantalizing hints hero for their inexplicable exploits. Systems Engineer, where he participated and suggestions here and there, but For the Chinese, the secretive and in the Voyager and Galileo spacecraft ultimately, unfortunately, incontro- disfavored nature of the Zheng He programs. His life passion is history. He vertible evidence that can attest to such trips in the eyes of succeeding regimes, is currently working on the origins of the an event has so far proven elusive. This which officially destroyed much of the world’s major civilizations. Contact Mr. is not to say, of course, that Zheng He mission’s records—purportedly burned Chien at [email protected]. 20 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 Friendship Work

memory of a student killed in an auto we’re currently arranging our annual TRANSITIONS accident in the U.S. In Shanghai, the August USCPFA China Friendship It is with sadness that we note the group visited the Children’s Palace Night—Baseball! We take our friends passing of our long-time Las Vegas and a somewhat unusual orphanage from China to see a Tri-City Valley chapter member, Fairy Hayley, who for handicapped boys. Cats baseball game. We’re also having died on May 26, 2011, at age 84. Our well-attended April 14 annual a contest for a name for our newsletter, Fairy was a fourth grade teacher in banquet was a wonderful social affair. debuting in the August/Sept/Oct issue. the Clark County School District. She Many visiting scholars and their chil- There is a unique surprise gift from became an active member in USCPFA dren from China attended, which we China just waiting for the winner! early on, and served as Correspon- all enjoyed. —Reported by Rezsin Adams dence Secretary for many years and President Kirk Huang emceed the and Kirk Huang was a representative to the Western program and thanked officers, mem- Region. Fairy had a positive outlook bers, volunteers and friends for their Richmond on life and enjoyed learning. When efforts, contributions, and support for On March 27, 2011, the chapter she was in her 60s she began Chinese a very successful year. Gene Damm, held its annual banquet at Mekong language courses at the University of Chapter Education Chair, received Restaurant with 36 in attendance. Nevada. Fairy enjoyed traveling and the Friendship Builder Award and Diana Greer opened the meeting and meeting the local indigenous people. Mark Lewis the award for Friendship welcomed the many friends of China. She took 11 trips to China, including Links. Zachary Wellstood and Brionna New member Rick Tatnall with Re- one to Tibet. Fairy is survived by one Neal, outstanding students learning plenish Richmond spoke briefly about daughter and three sons. To reach the Chinese at Tech Valley and Sche- the area’s focus on tourism and the family please contact Cynthia Tripp, nectady high schools, each received many events related to the Civil War President, Las Vegas chapter. a Tema Bellison award. The winners Sesquicentennial. were an inspiration to us all. My Lan Tran, chair of Sister Cities EASTERN REGION Guests of honor were Sean Shortell Commission, spoke on the renewal (district director for Congressman of official relations with Zhengzhou, NE New York Paul Tonko), Matt Aumand (district China. Members were encouraged to Chapter secretary and art teacher office manager for Assemblyman Bob attend the Kansas City National Con- Alison Stonbely was our Sunday af- Reilly), and Zhaohui Yang and Leehua vention in September. Members of an ternoon speaker in February. Alison Miaw, president and vice chair of exploratory committee are examining joined the Educators Tour October the Chinese Community Center. All the possibility of having the 2013 na- 22–November 2, 2010, to China, host- praised the work of our chapter. Chi- tional convention in Richmond. The ed by Youxie. The educators visited nese entertainment was Frank Wang June 25 Richmond chapter picnic will schools and historic sites in Beijing, playing Erhu and an ancient Chinese be held near the Tredegar Iron Works, Xian, An Shang Village, and Shang- gourd pipe, and Sheri Duan singing. followed by a tour of the American hai. They visited rich schools and American entertainment was Josh Civil War Center. Members of the poor schools, and she showed many Sheridan playing guitar and singing Chinese Embassy have been invited. photos of all. For Chinese children, original and pop songs. All did an ex- The new USCPFA Richmond chapter nine years of attendance is manda- ceptional job! Student vocalists Xuan website is up and running at www. tory. Parents have to pay for the last Hong and Hao Wang from RPI both uscpfarichmondva.com. Please view three years of middle school. sang, sharing their talents and youth it for details of upcoming events. The group toured hutong and and giving vitality to the program. Associate Professor Xueming visited Beijing Normal School, an ex- In China, he’s called an Agony “Jimmy” Chen, PhD, Urban and Re- pensive school with very good equip- Uncle. In the U.S., he’d be known gional Planning, Department of Pub- ment—and also a primary school for as an advice or lonely-hearts colum- lic Policy, Virginia Commonwealth migrants: 50 teachers for 5,000 boys. nist. Agony Uncle Bob, a successful University, spoke on the “High Speed Alison was struck by the contrast economist and businessman who Rail System in China from an Inter- between the shacks the migrant fami- lives in the Capital District, began national Perspective.” His PowerPoint lies were living in and the luxurious answering questions from young presentation and lecture was well apartment buildings across the street. people about broken relationships received, and he was awarded a spe- The group visited a vocational and and keys to success decades ago in cial gift of appreciation. Our annual technical school that seemed similar Beijing and Shanghai magazines. banquet and meeting was adjourned to American schools. On May 22, Bob discussed his latest with many new and renewing mem- In An Shang Village, originally book: You Are Born to Fly: An American berships registered. people lived in caves but now have Scholar Shares Wit and Wisdom with —Reported by Diana Greer buildings. The group stayed overnight Young China and the World. in villagers’ homes and were given On June 4 members went for a electric blankets! The village has built hike around Shaver Pond, located FRIENDSHIP WORK is continued a school, a museum, and a gallery in in Grafton Lakes State Park. And on page 24 Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 21 National USCPFA Convention September 16-17-18, 2011 Holiday Inn Plaza, One East 45th Street, Kansas City, MO Rooms: $99 per night, 2 queen size beds, good for 3 days before and after the Convention. (See Pre and Post Convention Activities.) Reservation block expires August 16. To register online, go to http://www.kcplazahotel.com —in the Reservations box, type in group code USC. To register by phone, call 816-753-7400; same group code, USC. Super Shuttle from airport to hotels, $18 one way/$32 round trip/taxi cheaper for 2. (To save on hotel taxes, bring your checkbook to the Convention to pay USCPFA-KC for your room costs.) Questions? Call Joyce Cox, 816-942-6307

Convention Registration Fee (SEPARATE from hotel fees): Early Bird $195 if made by July 16, Regular $210 by August 16 and Late $220 after August 16. Covers 5 meals, materials, and program fees. Pre-Convention Activities, Friday, September 16, 2011 • Visit to Arabia Steamboat Museum (Kansas City’s Best Kept Secret) Leave Holiday Inn at 9:30 am to drive to the Museum. Price of $20 includes admission and transportation. Lunch will be “Dutch treat” in the River Market area. Return in time to go on the afternoon excursion listed below. • Visit to the National World War I Museum and Liberty Memorial Hotel Shuttle will leave at 1:30 pm for the first trip to the Museum. Transportation will be available later for those who cannot be there that early. Admission is $12 ($10 seniors) which includes a visit to Liberty Memorial Tower. Shuttle returns to Holiday Inn at 5:00 pm. NATIONAL CONVENTION PROGRAM Friday Evening, September 16 Welcome by Kansas City Chinese Association Drum Rollers 6:00 Opening Session: Welcome by Kansas City Mayor, National USCPFA President Bob Sanborn, and Midwest Consul General of PRC. Introduction of Chinese Ambassador, Youxie, Consulate Guests, National Board, Convention Committee. Dinner followed by Speakers and Entertainment: “US-China Relations” and “China Today” Chinese Ambassador to the U.S. (invited), Visitors from Youxie including Madame Li (invited) Chinese Dancer and Artist, Zhang Li Official Photograph of Conventioneers, Ambassador, Youxie delegation and Consulate Guests 9:00 Dessert and Mid-autumn Festival around the pool Moon cakes, moon gazing, visiting with friends and enjoying Chinese dances and lanterns Saturday, September 17 8:00 Continental Breakfast in the Meeting Room 8:30 National USCPFA Plenary Session, Robert Sanborn, President and Barbara Harrison, Past President, presiding 10:30 Transfer to Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (walk or by hotel shuttle) 11:15 Presentation: “Highlights of the Chinese Collection at Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art,” Colin Mackenzie, Senior Curator of Chinese Art 12:00 Half of the Delegation will go to lunch in Rozzelle Court while the other half tours the Chinese Exhibits with a docent. Tour groups will be small so everyone can see and hear easily. One tour will be conducted in Mandarin. 1:00 Procedure will be reversed for the other half of the Delegation. 2:00 Presentation: “Laurence Sickman, Marc Wilson, and Chinese Paintings in Nelson-Atkins Museum,” Colin Mackenzie 3:15 Return to Holiday Inn for power point presentation on “China’s Lost Girls” by John Kennedy, University of Kansas 4:15–6:00 Continuation of National Plenary Session, Barbara Harrison presiding Saturday Evening, September 17 7:00 Dinner with Speaker: “China’s Great Leap into the 21st Century” New Ear’s musical presentation, “China Rising” USCPFA Awards, Bob Sanborn, National USCPFA President Meet The Past: “Interview with Edgar Snow” DVD presentation filmed at the Edgar Snow Symposium, October 2010 Sunday Morning, September 18 8:00 Working Breakfast: Each region will meet to discuss issues and make reports. 9:30 Panel Presentation: How can USCPFA and Confucius Institute work together to promote US-China Friendship? The University of Kansas Confucius Institute 10:15–12:00 Closing Session: Voting, Final Resolutions: Barbara Harrison, National USCPFA presiding 12:30 Optional Dim Sum Lunch, Bo Ling’s Restaurant, cost is NOT included in Convention fee. Reservations needed. 22 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 POST CONVENTION ACTIVITIES Sunday Afternoon, September 18 (Adjustments concerning time and locations may be made according to participants’ needs and agreement.) *National Board and some Regional Boards meet at Holiday Inn *Visit Kemper Contemporary Art Museum—across the street, free admission, on your own *Visit Sister Cities Bridge and Xi’an Warriors/Shopping/Dinner on the Plaza – walk or hotel shuttle, on your own. *Visit Truman Library & Home, transportation and admission $20. Reservations needed. Dinner on your own. *Visit to Union Station, Railroad Experience, Crown Center and Diastole. Transportation $12. Dinner at Crown Center/Plaza, individual pays, Reservations needed. Questions? Call Joyce Cox, 816-942-6307 Monday, September 19 *Morning Walking Tour of the Plaza $10, reservation needed. Lunch on the Plaza, on your own *Day Tour of Independence, MO: Truman Library, Three Trails Museum, Jail, Old Court House. Reservations required. $12 plus admission to chosen attractions and lunch in Independence. Email [email protected] for more information, or call 816-942-6307.

Registration Form—USCPFA National Convention, September 16-17-18, 2011 Holiday Inn, One East 45th Street, Kansas City, MO

Name(s) ______USCPFA Region? Western, Midwest, Eastern, Southern

Address ______City, State, Zip ______

Email address ______Telephone ______Convention Fees: Registration: Early $195/Regular $215/Late $235 x number of attendees _____ = $______Choice for Lunch at Museum of Art: Chicken Salad on Croissant ______Vegetarian Salad ______Do you plan to go to Dim Sum Lunch on Sept. 18? No ❑ Yes ❑ number of people ______Special Needs? Vegetarian Trouble walking Need wheelchair Other______Pre/Post Convention Activities: • Registration: Visit Steamboat Arabia, Fri., Sept. 16, 9:30— $20 x number of people _____ = $______• Registration: Visit WWI Museum and Liberty Memorial, Fri., Sept. 16 Yes ❑ No ❑ • Registration: Truman Library and Home, Sunday afternoon, Sept. 18— $15 x number of people _____ = $______• Registration: Visit Union Station, Railroad Experience, Crown Center, and Diastole, Sunday afternoon, Sept.18. Reservations required: $10 x number of people going _____ = $______Mon., Sept. 19 Morning Walking Tour of Country Club Plaza— $10 x number of people going _____ = $______Mon., Sept. 19 Full-day Tour of Independence, MO: Truman Library, Old Homes, Three Trails Museum and more! Pay at door for attractions visited. Transportation & Trolley, $12 x number of people _____ = $______Total amount enclosed, check made out to USCPFA-KC: $______Mail this form with check to: USCPFA National Convention, c/o Teresa Chien, 12101 Pawnee Lane, Leawood, KS 66209

Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 23 Friendship Work

Northern New Jersey at the Smithsonian. Their native Chi- Organizing Chapter nese certified language teacher and a To celebrate , From left: Member Patricia Talmadge, Jim DC teacher link language instruction Jim H. Lee, accompanied by O.C. H. Lee (USCPFA Northern New Jersey O. with discussions of China’s impact on C. President), member Alica Del Sasso,Mr. the U.S. and the world. members Patricia Talmadge and Jeremy Puttock (Vice President of Global Alicia Del Sasso, did a Chinese New Franchise, Consumer Health Care of Johson Marcia Brown, project manager Year presentation at Johnson and & Johnson), Jane Zhang (ASIA group), and of the China Challenge program, Johnson Consumer & Personal Prod- two ASIA group members on the right. shared that students are selected ucts Worldwide Company in Morris based on their academic prowess and m e n t Te a m their interest in learning Chinese. Leader/Trainer The students undergo an intense as part of the 18-month study of Chinese history, Department culture, and language. Several have of State School traveled throughout China and have of Leadership continued their interest, becoming and Manage- fluent in the language. ment—spoke Assisted by in- of her experi- structor Mrs. Ling, each China Chal- ences in writ- lenge student shared a presentation ing 24+ crisis in Mandarin. For the finale, they read scenario exer- in unison a poem in Chinese to the cises and train- joy of all. ing employees Attendees toured the Chinatown serving at the Cultural Community Center and Plains, N. J. PowerPoint slides were U.S. Embassy in Beijing. received gift bags from the Chinese used to introduce the USCPFA and Member Heather Banks shared Embassy. Chinese culture, customs, and New her experiences as the 100th repre- Several members were invited Year, and China’s economy specifical- sentative sent to Asia by the Oberlin to the Chinese Embassy April 12 to ly to the Asian Society for Innovation Shansi Memorial Association; she celebrate a historic documentary on & Achievement membership. The taught English at Tunghai University, Flying Tigers Pilot Glen Beneda, who presentation went well. Hopefully, Taichung, Taiwan. An English and was in China during World War II. some of them will be new members. art major at Oberlin, Heather took The premier was followed by a lavish Note: Jim is willing to share his courses in Chinese art and history reception in honor of Mme - beautiful Chinese-culture-rich Power- and brought several pieces to share. dong, State Councilor of China, on Point presentation with members: an Dr. Shifen Gong Fox, whose the occasion of the Second Meeting of excellent chapter resource. To preview biological father had been a military China–U.S. High-Level Consultation and request a copy, contact Jim at officer in Chiang Kai-shek’s National on People-to-People Exchanges. [email protected].—Ed. Army, and who died months before The DC chapter joined with mem- —Reported by Jim H. Lee she was born, gave a riveting presen- bers from New York City to welcome tation about her adventures learning a delegation from the Shanghai Re- DC Metro Area about her father. The group followed search Institute of Culture and His- Organizing Chapter as she visited her father’s hometown tory, Shanghai International Studies The USCPFA-DC chapter hosted its in Sichuan in 2008, where she met University, and the Shanghai Peoples First Annual Chinese Year of the Rab- cousins she didn’t know she had. Association for Friendship with For- bit Luncheon Feast on February 26 at Her visit coincided with the Sichuan eign Countries, who made day trip Tony Cheng’s Restaurant in historic earthquake and recovery operation to DC on May 24. They visited the Chinatown. that made news all over the world. National Mall and several museums The program committee—Chris- The second part of Dr. Fox’s presen- and monuments. The day was capped tine Brooks, Lacey O’Neal, Heather tation, “The Rest of the Story...” will off with dinner on the waterfront and Banks, and Kat Miller—drew on years be featured at the second Year of the an evening ride to view the monu- of experience in the DC metropolitan Rabbit luncheon in June. ments and capitol on their way out area to bring together the meal, the Special guests were members of the of the city to Dulles Airport. venue, and the program. Christine China Challenge Program, DC public —Reported by Dr. Christine Brooks Brooks hosted the program, which at- school students studying Chinese tracted a diverse group of 40. Also at- who participate in a program that MIDWEST REGION tending was our mentor Diana Greer, makes the whole city the classroom— President of the Richmond chapter. they order food in Chinatown, learn Carbondale Member Lacey O’Neal—who taichi at the Chinatown Cultural The Carbondale chapter currently served in China as a Crisis Manage- Community Center, view Chinese art has 24 members, several of whom no 24 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 Friendship Work longer live in Carbondale yet choose cultural significance to the Chinese premiered in Boston in spring 2010 to continue their membership. The people. The plots of Kunqu theater and was a part of the Beijing Arts pleasure comes in corresponding tend to focus more on human rela- Festival the following fall. Husband with them at least once a year. Just tionships and the inner life of the and wife Drs. Zhou Long and Chen like Christmas newsletters, we have individual (befitting its audience of Yi are a force in the developing arts that chance to catch up on what is princely officials and gentry), while and music movement via using the happening with them, and can share Peking Opera tends to focus more on Chinese experience in America as a our own news. One member splits her public moral conduct (befitting its fusion of expressed thought, echoing time between Carbondale and her imperial encouragement). globalization. away home. Several other members —Reported by Roger Noback Reports from our local members are finally retired and able to travel, so teaching long-term in China help their time away from Carbondale may nearly equal their time in Carbondale. This makes for wonderful conversa- tions when we do eventually speak. Needless to say, arranging meetings is complicated. We stay connected through the chapter newsletter and renewal letters, and sharing Chinese holidays and celebrations. Our times together are cherished. —Reported by Kitty Trescott

Chicago Continuing one of the chapter’s several ongoing series of talks, Chi- nese Biographies, Saul Thomas, PhD candidate in history and anthropol- ogy at the U. of Chicago, presented on February 20 a program titled “Lu Xun’s True Story of Ah Q: Differing Views of its Critique of China’s ‘Na- tional Character.’” Chinese Porcelain was presented via DVD at the March 20 meeting. The site in China most famous for producing porcelain pottery is Jing- dezhen, situated in the middle of the Pictured here are USCPFA member Bob Chien, President of the Society for Friendship with Yangtze River in the NE corner of China, Chancellor Leo Morton of the U. of Missouri at Kansas City, and member Jim Hill Jiangxi Province, between Zhejiang at the far end, Dragon Boat race chairman. Photo by Linda Hanley. and Hubei provinces, which permit- ted its wares to be readily transported Kansas City put faces on the children and young East, West, and throughout the The Kansas City chapter welcomes adults whose stories and experiences Yangtze River system. The kaolin everyone who can come to the Na- Dana and Alan Perry and Mark and clay in Jingdezhen is the finest in tional Convention September 16–18. Qian Vranicar have related at our China. Ceramics (not yet porcelain) We have plenty of tours and treasures monthly meetings. using such clay is said to have been to share, as well as fascinating people —Reported by Mary Warpeha produced there beginning in the Han to meet. We’re here working to tie dynasty (200 BC–200 AD). everything together from a Moon Minnesota Kunqu Opera: The Peony Pavillion Festival by the pool to premiers of Our chapter hosted its annual Chi- (Excerpts, Commentary, Context) several new piano compositions from nese New Year Banquet on February was the presentation by XU Peng, a the University of Missouri at Kansas 12, at the Peking Garden Restaurant in University of Chicago graduate stu- City’s Conservatory of Music and New St. Paul with a record turnout of 166 dent, at the May 15 meeting, which Ear. guests. The evening was filled with included her own performance of The UMKC Conservatory is cel- good conversation, good food, and selections. In both Peking Opera and ebrating the most recent honor to its lots of door prizes. Margaret Wong Kunqu, the basic plot is generally composition faculty, the 2011 Pulitzer and Linda Mealey-Lohmann emceed. based on some historical event or Prize in Music for Zhou Long’s new Co-President Walter Graff gave the well known story that has particular opera Madame White Snake, which opening remarks, introduced the cur-

Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 25 Friendship Work SOUTHERN REGION

Atlanta The food was excellent at our February 5 well-attended New Year’s dinner. We heard about the Year of the Rab- bit from past president Peggy Roney, whose yearly presentations have be- come a greatly anticipated part of the festivities. Our main entertainment was a lion dance by a local group that does authentic performances. Secre- tary-treasurer Penny Blackford did her usual excellent job making dinner arrangements. We are pleased with our New Year contributions to the Shandan Baillie School in . The topic for our April 5 Spring Forum, was “Cinema in Contempo- rary China.” Professor Shu-chin Wu of Agnes Scott College spoke on “Vi- sualizing China in Transformation: The Underground and Independent Films of Jia Zhangke,” and Professor Qi Wang of Georgia Tech spoke on rent and incoming board members, Minnesota board members Linda Mealey- “Alternative Visions and Unofficial and thanked the table sponsors—the Lohmann, Margaret Wong, and Co-Presi- Historians of Post-Socialist China: A U of M China Center/Confucius In- dent Walter Graff holding artistic rendering Talk on Contemporary Chinese Cin- stitute, the Greg Buteyn family, the of proposed Minneapolis-Harbin China Friendship Garden planned for Washburn- ema and Documentary.” Both women Glynis Hinschberger family, the Yim Fair Oaks Park, across from the Minneapo- specialize in the study of cinema and Simpson family, the Wong/Graff fam- lis Institute of Art. made excellent presentations. Profes- ily, and the Elving Anderson family. sor Wu made the arrangements for us Guests were updated on the prog- Governor Zhao Zheng- to meet on the Agnes Scott campus, ress of the two sister-city China Gar- yong, who made a whirlwind visit and the forum was co-sponsored by den projects. The St. Paul–Changsha to Minnesota in April, was invited to the Asian Studies Program at Agnes China Garden is progressing through breakfast with members of the Min- Scott, of which Professor Wu is direc- the approval process and will be nesota chapter during an official sister tor. submitted to the Met Council soon. state/province visit. The delegation Two years ago we started Movie The Minneapolis–Harbin China Gar- included Mr. ZHANG Baowen, Direc- Night. April’s film, “Women from den is moving through the Heritage tor of the Provincial Foreign Affairs the Lake of Scented Souls,” is much Preservation Commission permit Office, Mrs. LI Xuemei, Director of more about contemporary China and process. During the research, many the Department of Commerce, Mr. less exotic than its title suggests—a connections were discovered between HE Jiuchang, Development and Re- film well worth seeing. We especially the Washburn-Fair Oaks Park neigh- form Commission, Mr. LIANG Ping, enjoy the Movie Night hospitality of borhood and China at the turn of Provincial Investment Group, and Mr. long-time members and former co- the century, including the fact that HUA Wei, Coal and Energy Group. presidents Geoff and Pat Webber and Mr. Washburn, the park’s namesake, Hosts were Governor Mark Day- their son Jeremy and his wife Cheryl. traveled by invitation to the Imperial ton and the Minnesota Trade office. Geoff and Pat have a beautiful party Court in Beijing in 1896. Visits were made to the University of room in their home, and the evening The highlight of the evening was a Minnesota, 3M, and Dorsey Whitney. begins with a mostly pot-luck supper presentation by Carole Hyder, board Tours of the Minnesota State Capitol, that features main dishes prepared by member and International Feng Shui the Governor’s Residence, and the the lovely couple. expert, who shared her top ten Feng University of Minnesota introduced We appreciate the suggestions on Shui tips for success during the Year the group to the metropolitan area. film from Carolyn Bloomer of the of the Rabbit, including tips for as- The sister-city relationship was ini- Sarasota chapter as we have begun suring that one’s space at home and tiated by board members of the to educate ourselves on Chinese cin- work is maximized for success and Minnesota chapter 29 years ago and ema. Carolyn, a professor at Ringling profitability. continues to grow. School of Arts in Sarasota, is a great 26 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 Friendship Work resource person on Chinese film. local university campuses, we were re- WESTERN REGION We are proud to announce our quested to set up visits and chaperone new website, www.uscpfa-atlanta. two groups of physicians and health Las Vegas org. For this we thank Shawn Lucci, professionals to the prestigious Long On March 20, longtime member who with his wife Christa Ernst, has Beach Memorial Hospital in June and Patrick Wirtz spoke about his trip to agreed to join our leadership commit- October. Both groups, clinical physi- the Shanghai Expo. He showed pho- tee. Christa, a former student of co- cians and family planning officials tos of the pavilions, highlighting the president Doug Reynolds at Georgia from Jiangsu Province, toured the main energy-saving designs, and photos of State University, continues her study hospital as well as the new, multi-mil- exhibits from many countries with of Chinese language. Shawn volun- lion-dollar Children’s Hospital. modern and traditional architecture. teered his services, set up the website, A boat trip of the LB Harbor in July Spain’s pavilion, e.g., was cooled by and is doing an outstanding job with gave members and guests a chance shade provided by a woven lattice. this project. We greatly appreciate to marvel at towering container We enjoyed Patrick’s presentation. their contributions to our chapter. ships from China and elsewhere. We On April 17, immigration attorney —Reported by Ed Krebs learned about the dynamic shipping Robert Lum spoke about Asian im- life at the renowned 200-year-old Port migrants and how today they have SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA of Long Beach, which excels in trade different expectations. In the mid and with China and the Pacific Rim. late 1800s, people leaving China were Long Beach, California In October, Jim MacLellan, Direc- usually male; they expected to return The Year of the Tiger 2010 began tor of Trade Services of the Port of home after earning money, and often in February with a special celebration Los Angeles, spoke to our chapter on brought a son to run the business with Chinese language students from “Historic Trade Routes Between Cali- when they returned to China. In the LB Polytechnic High School mod- fornia, Mexico, and Asia” in the 17th the 30s and 40s, Chinese fled the eling authentic costumes of 17 ethnic and 18th centuries. It was of great Japanese, seeking friends and family minority groups of China (courtesy of interest to learn that some major port in the USA. They were able to write the USCPFA National Archives). They cities on the west coast—no Califor- back home and expected to return sang, played local musical instru- nia or Mexico then!—were developed someday. ments, and described cultural tradi- by the Portugese (China via Macao) to In the 50s, with immigration to tions of the various ethnic groups. supply the Spanish missionaries and the USA cut off, immigrants fled Their teacher, chapter member Dr. their newly established missions. communism and did not expect to Minqi Zhu, is widely recognized for Our new officers for 2011 are Joe return. In the 1970s, after Nixon and his scholarship and his six popu- Lau, President, Richard Yu Vice-Presi- Mao resumed relations, a wave of lar—nearly 200 students—Chinese dent, and Hazel Wallace, Secretary. scholars and performers visited the language classes. At a January 16 luncheon meeting, United States, usually single people, The chapter sponsored a night in Rose Mary Thompson, Mimi Lau, and hoping to gain education or training March for members to attend John Joseph Lau reported on their fabulous not available in China. Most returned Adams’ 1987 eclectic modern opera, trips to China with the National US- after a short time abroad. Those who “Nixon in China,” sung in Southern CPFA/CPAFFC Friendship Forum in stayed were able to maintain contact California for the first time in 20+ 2010. They visited Nanchang, Beijing, with friends and family in China. years. It remains as topical as ever, and other cities—and spoke of their Recent immigrants travel back and was brilliantly performed, and will be visit to the Shanghai EXPO, meet- forth freely. Many establish long-term staged by the New York Metropolitan ing up with ex-Pres. Jimmy Carter, residency, staying for many years. Opera next season with Peter Sellars and buying exquisite porcelain from Some have children in the U.S., who producing/directing and John Adams Jingdezhen Province. will have dual citizenship and may conducting. On April 2, Dr. John Jung fas- return to the USA as adults. In May we explored the roles of cinated us with his accounting of Las Vegas is a desired destination “Women in New China” through American-Chinese experiences in for Asians because of Nevada’s favor- the eyes of three young women who the USA, specifically that of Chinese able business climate and its gam- described their experiences growing restaurants from his recent book, bling, a favorite Asian pastime. Clark up in rural and urban China, then Sweet and Sour: Life in Chinese Family County is the fastest growing county moving to reside and work in the Restaurants. for Asians in the 2010 Census, a high United States. Ms. Heidi Zhang of We have increased our member- percentage being foreign-born. CSULB led the discussion. In contrast, ship in the last few years and are On May 15th we watched a video member Dr. Marie LaFontane gave a making great efforts to offer relevant on Chinese-American civil rights. retrospective of women in old China topics of interest related to China to Victor Who deals with the murder of transitioning to the new. our members and friends in Long Victor Chin in Detroit in 1982. The Since exchange visits by Chinese Beach and the surrounding areas. documentary features news clips of the officials from various provinces have —Reported by Hazel Wallace and family dealing with the tragedy and been negotiated through some of our Elizabeth Kraft interviews with key Asian leaders. We Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 27 Friendship Work learned how Victor’s death and trial Hainan Laws and Regulations are also extend our wishes of China’s an- brought together various Asian groups welcome to receive it by contacting cient revered concept Bo ai, to which into a consciousness that we are all us. Aloha comes closest. Aloha and Bo ai. Asian-Americans. The trial became a High school and middle school Note: Chinese philosopher Mozi catalyst for other groups to speak out student and faculty exchanges are (ca. 470 BC–390 BC) rejected Con- against anti-Asian prejudice. being explored with cross visits. The fucianism, which emphasized the We held a fundraiser for the concept of transplanting a Hawai’i correct performance of ritual so- Fengcheng Children’s Home in Lia- summer school course in English for cial roles, and sought an objective oniang, China, whose many disabled credit but given in Haikou, Hainan, moral standard that could be applied children belong to families who can- and vice-versa, is in the discussion equally to all members of society. not provide medical care. Member stages assisted by the Oahu USCPFA. His ethical system emphasized the Andrew Gyure spent several weeks Our chapter members are assisting greatest good for the greatest number. last summer helping them set up a a delegation of twelve top Hainan and His doctrine of bo-ai (universal love) cafe and teaching the older children Haikou chairmen and CEOs of major maintained that one should love all to provide restaurant service. Books, corporations to explore with their people equally.—Ed. artwork, and videos were donated for Hawai’i counterparts cross-invest- —Reported by Leigh-Wai Doo the fundraiser. ing, internships, and best practices. Past President Edna Zhuo and her Collaboration is underway with in- Honolulu husband Sammy Dong are spend- vitations sent. We assisted Professor Early in March, President Frances ing the summer in Kun Ming with Inge White of our WWC University Goo and host families Walter Chang, Sammy’s relatives. Sammy grew up of Hawai’i to present research results Vernon Ching, and Dr. Margaret Lee there and talks about the beautiful in Sanya, Hainan, on orchids and took the six Parvin journalists to the gardens and butterflies. Pictures sent pharmaceutical uses: a joint publica- Big Island of Hawai’i—their reward by email show smiling faces and deli- tion is being written. for teaching Mandarin classes—along cious meals with family. The Oahu chapter continues to with Kathryn Mo, wife of journalist Our chapter, which is in active in support its adopted charity in China, Morrice Mo. In perfect weather they summer, will regroup after the Na- the Bright Connection for mentally visited the newly reconstructed Akaka tional Conference in September. and physically handicapped children Falls visitor area, and experienced —Reported by Cynthia Tripp in Sanya. the awesome beautiful eruption of On Arbor Day we planted six rare Kilauea volcano at night. The group HAWAI’I SUBREGION endemic sandalwood trees (iliahi in was able to get up close to observe the Hawaiian and tan heung mu in Chi- habits of the Hawaiian Sea Turtle at Oahu nese) at its namesake, Iliahi Elemen- Kaanapali Black Sands beach. Aloha all from the Oahu chapter tary School, the site of an Iliahi forest At the April membership meeting, in Hawai’i. We welcome exchanging two centuries ago. Hawai’i is best Mr. Xiudong (Doug) Xie, a photo- thoughts on best practices from across known to Chinese people as Sandal- journalist with Xinhua News Agency, America (and China) by email, tele- wood Mountain, but the sandalwood presented a slide show of the best of phone, and in person. Do call on us has been so depleted that few today over 7,000 photos taken when he when visiting Hawai’i. know what a living tree looks like. was stationed in Afghanistan, Kabul, Our chapter has focused on build- Our USCPFA chapter has been the and London, ones distributed world- ing collaboration with specific areas principal promoter of the replanting wide by Xinhua. The photos as seen in China as the next step beyond of sandalwood trees in Hawai’i. through his eyes took the audience friendship and understanding. The Four film crews, from Beijing, through a visual journey of pain and collaboration builds on education, Zhongshan, Singapore, and Taiwan, joy, despair and hope in Afghanistan, publication, media, business entre- have this year arrived to interview and showed the diverse and multicul- preneurship, and charity. and research, through Oahu mem- tural aspects of Great Britain. Oahu is assisting to edit a public bers, the activities and supporters Since the beginning of the year, television showing of the 4th Seminar of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. This is the 100th several new members enrolled in the on the Principles of Chinese and Ameri- anniversary of the double ten, Oc- Mandarin class. In May, the class and can Law. We sponsored the Hawai’i tober 10, revolution that ended the board members gave a farewell party State Bar Association and the Hainan Ching Dynasty and started Asia’s first for the Parvin Fellows. A few days Lawyers Association last winter for a republic, with Dr. Sun as President. later, they received their certificates presentation on How To Open a Busi- Hawai’i had a great role as a cradle of of completion from the University ness in Hawai’i and Hainan, respec- the Chinese revolution. Many Oahu of Hawai’i. At this ceremony, all ex- tively. Fourteen lawyers from Hainan, members are descendants of the first pressed deep appreciation for the China, exchanged legal steps to be supporters, whose care and support warm welcome and hospitality re- undertaken, with printed material for a modern China are carried on by ceived during their stay in Hawai’i. and books, with lawyers in Hawai’i. them today through the USCPFA. —Reported by Lenora Leu Anyone wishing a copy of the latest We extend our Aloha to you. We 28 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 THE CENTER FOR TEACHING ABOUT CHINA VISIT THE CTAC WEB PAGE AT http://www.uscpfa.org/ctac.html Be sure to request a new, updated catalog of all CTAC items! Email Kitty Trescott and one will be mailed to you ASAP! FEILONG: THE CHINA GAME, created by Mamopalire of Vermont, Inc., $30.00 This game, “The Flying Dragon”, was created by the Asian Studies Center of The University of Vermont in collaboration with Mamopalire of Vermont, Inc. in 2005. It is a question-based board game designed for everyone, age 8 to 80+. Up to eight people can play at one time. There are three levels of questions, similar in style to trivia pursuit. Every player has a dragon marker that travels the board as questions are answered. Questions are on cards drawn from the decks. Each player has eight destinations to reach in course of the game, ultimately landing on the map of China. More than thirty categories of questions provide options for the players. A game can be played in one hour or be prolonged for several hours. What a wonderful way to encourage and support an interest in China. Questions? Catalogs? Email Kitty Trescott at [email protected]. Send payment for above to: CTAC, 1214 West Schwartz, Carbondale, IL 62901 Name______Date______Address ______City______State______Zip______Phone, email, fax______

Member Address Updates BRING ATTENTION are extremely important! to your US-China Review issues Full Page $475/issue company which have incorrect 3/4 Page $400/issue through the addresses are not returned US-CHINA for correction, they are 1/2 Page $300/issue REVIEW. just discarded! The US-China Review 1/4 Page $175/issue The US-China Review mailing list relies on accepts 1/6 Page $100/issue members, chapters and applications for regions to keep mailing Send inquiries to: advertising. addresses current. Please USCR Ads Tap into the diverse and send all corrections 3S244 Cypress Dr. influential to Marge Ketter at Glen Ellyn, IL audience 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., 60137-7361 Jupiter, FL 33458 of USCPFA Phone/Fax 561-747-9487 members [email protected] and readers.

Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 29 USCPFA National Friendship Tours Travel in China is an adventure into another historical time, into another culture, into a society changing as you watch it. Travel to China with Friends! 2011 USCPFA National Tours The US-China Peoples Friendship Association (USCPFA) has been taking travelers to China since the 1970s. Report on the USCPFA Delegation to Friendship Forum September 6-17, 2010 In September of last year, National Youxie sponsored a Friendship Cities Conference in Shanghai (to involve China’s sister cities from all over the world), and a Friendship Forum in Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi Province (to involve participants from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the U.S., and other English-speaking countries). In addition to attending the conference, delegates visited the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai and toured in Jiangxi Province, where the Long March began, and where they visited China’s Porcelain City, Jingdezhen. USCPFA’s 13-member delegation was led by USCPFA President Bob Sanborn and included representatives from USCPFA’s four regions—Eastern, Midwest, Southern, and Western. Before the tour, several delegates joined a group led by President Jimmy Carter in a day-trip to Zijiang in Hunan Province to attend the unveiling of a statue of General Claire Chennault. Chennault was leader of the American Flying Tigers, an important force in turning the tide against the attacking Japanese in WWII. Zijiang is the site where the Japanese surrendered, ending their prolonged attack on China. On behalf of all USCPFA members, Bob Sanborn presented to President Carter an engraved USCPFA medallion to acknowledge the President’s “extraordinary achievements in US-China relations.” The award and presentation were made possible by the concerted efforts of people on both sides of the Pacific. To see more of Linda Hanley’s photos of the tour, go to http:// hanleyphoto.zenfolio.com. Click on “China Tour 2010,” which will open a new page. There, enter “Friendship” as the password. This allows access and downloading. Prints may be purchased. Downloads are free. For “President Jimmy Carter” pictures, go to Sept. 7 and Sept 8, 2010. Group photo was taken Sept. 8.

NOTE: Youxie has been sponsoring a Friendship Forum tour every 2 years. Consider applying for the USCPFA delegation when the 2012 tour is announced.

Questions? Contact Barbara Cobb, Tour Coordinator, at [email protected] (Tel/Fax 615 833-9512). Mail applications & payments (check payable to USCPFA National Tours) to USCPFA National Tours, 496 Ellenwood Drive, Nashville, TN 37211-5716. For over 1,000 years Jingdezhen has been the porcelain capital of China. From its unique kaolin clay, the city’s people produce porcelain “as thin as paper, as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, and as sound as a bell.” Known for its superior quality and beauty, it is highly valued by collectors of antique porcelain. 30 • US-CHINA REVIEW Summer 2011 US-China Peoples Friendship Regions, Subregions and Local Chapters Association (ANY CHANGES to this list should be sent to [email protected])

EASTERN REGION Carbondale Houston San Francisco Honolulu Mel Horowitz Kathleen Trescott Gary Young •David Ewing Frances Goo 200 VanRensselaer Blvd. 1214 West Schwartz 4500 Caroline 838 Grant Avenue #302 c/o Guardian Escrow Services Menands, NY 12204 Carbondale, IL 62901 Houston, TX 77004 San Francisco, CA 94108 2347 S. Beretania St. #200 518-449-8817/fax 244-2361 618-549-1555 713-807-7900 415-781-8181 Honolulu, HI 96826 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 808-951-6991 Eastern Region Office Chicago Houston-Galleria •Yilla Guan [email protected] 720 Massachusetts Avenue Roger Noback Qiang Zeng 29 Cook Street Kailua-Kona Cambridge, MA 02139 1404 Second Street S. 12418 Northpointe Bend Dr. San Francisco, CA 94118 Kent Nakashima 617-491-0577/fax 491-0594 St. Charles, IL 60174 Tomball, TX 77377 415-221-3183/fax 753-0656 77-6555 Seaview Circle New England 630-762-8225 281-222-4900 [email protected] Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Richard Pendleton [email protected] [email protected] South Bay 808-329-6024 720 Massachusetts Avenue Kansas City Nashville •Dana Eaton Kauai Cambridge, MA 02139 Joyce W. Cox Barbara Cobb 1610 South Fitch Mt. Road Phyllis Tokita 617-491-0577 (See Midwest Region, above) 496 Ellenwood Drive Healdsburg, CA 95448-4616 PO Box 1783 [email protected] Minnesota Nashville, TN 37211 408-733-3684 or 241-0674 Lihue, HI 96766-5783 •Mary Warpeha 615-833-9512 phone & fax [email protected] 808-346-1793 New York City [email protected] Valerie Stern 2007 Mississippi Street [email protected] [email protected] New Brighton, MN 55112 Sarasota 400 Central Park W., #9N Southern California New York, NY 10025 651-638-0743 Archie S. McKee 212-222-9048 [email protected] 5208 Covesound Way SUBREGION CHAPTERS THAT HAVE [email protected] Apollo Beach, FL 33572-3328 Elizabeth D. Kraft WEB PAGES: •Walter Graff 412 Emerald Place Northeastern New York 6446 Warren Ave. So. 813-641-7280 phone 813-641-7290 fax Seal Beach, CA 90740 NORTHEAST NEW YORK Kirk Huang Minneapolis, MN 55439 [email protected] www.uscpfany.org 9 Hunters Run Boulevard 612-349-5644 [email protected] Cohoes, NY 12047-1440 [email protected] Southeast Florida Long Beach MINNESOTA 518-782-0746 Owensboro, KY / Marge Ketter Joe Lau www.uscpfa-mn.org [email protected] 7088 SE Rivers Edge 1332 Via Romero Evansville, IN Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 Northern New Jersey O.C. Su-hwa Winny Lin Jupiter, FL 33458 CHICAGO 561-747-9487 phone & fax 310-541-9275 www.uscpfa.org/Chicago Dr. Jim H. Lee 2253 Canonero Loop [email protected] 24 Gordon Circle Owensboro, KY 42301 [email protected] Parsippany, NJ 07054 270-685-7045 Los Angeles/San Gabriel OWENSBORO, KY and 973-394-9115 [email protected] WESTERN REGION •Kevin G. Long EVANSVILLE, IN [email protected] Jon P. Colias 223 E. Garvey Avenue #208 www.uscpfa.org/owensboro/ Quad Cities Monterey Park, CA 91755 index.html Yan Li 1383 Quesada Avenue Portland, Maine San Francisco, CA 94124 626-572-3689/fax 572-3832 Mary Tennant 4371 Taho Court 415-994-5522 [email protected] RICHMOND 16 Sadler Drive Bettendorf, IA 52722 [email protected] •Philip Lin http://uscpfarichmondva. Brunswick, ME 04011 563-332-1380 com/ 207-799-0684 [email protected] Las Vegas 225 N. Del Mar Ave. [email protected] Cynthia Tripp San Gabriel, CA 91775 626-286-0669 CHATTANOOGA SOUTHERN REGION 5173 Woodruff Place www.sinomojo.com Richmond Las Vegas, NV 89120-1645 [email protected] Diana Greer Peggy Roney 702-434-4907 105 Treva Road 118 Fairfield Drive San Diego ATLANTA [email protected] Sandston, VA 23150 Avondale Estates, GA 30002 Alice Hu www.uscpfa-atlanta.org/ 804-737-2704 404-292-0714 Utah 8178 Avenida Navidad #21 [email protected] [email protected] Shirley Smith / Val Chin San Diego, CA 92122 SARASOTA Atlanta 2890 Hackney Court 858.246.6165 http://uschinasarasota. DC Metro Park City, UT 84060 [email protected] blogspot.com/ Christine D. Brooks •Ed Krebs 435-649-6015 & 649-8861 1834 Belmont Road NW 3240 McKown Road Hawai’i SUBREGION SOUTHEAST FLORIDA Washington, DC 20009-5162 Douglasville, GA 30134 Edna Ho Lau www.uscpfa-pb.blogspot. 202-265-3664 [email protected] Northern CA/Northwest SUBREGION 5635 Halepa Place com/ [email protected] • Doug Reynolds Honolulu, HI 96821 [email protected] John Marienthal 2018 Bikini Avenue 808-373-2090 MIDWEST REGION Austin [email protected] Joyce W. Cox George Meyer San Jose, CA 95122-2907 201 Woodbridge Lane [email protected] Oahu 705 East Third Street Leigh-Wai Doo Kansas City, MO 64145 Georgetown, TX 78626 North Bay 816-942-6307 Judy Lee 2800 Waiomao Road 512-863-4930 Honolulu, HI 96816 [email protected] [email protected] 2871 Doidge Ave. Pinole, CA 94564 808-737-0008 Chattanooga [email protected] Bob and Jan (Chang) Edwards 510-758-7355 #12 North Lynncrest Dr. [email protected] Chattanooga, TN 37411 Portland, Oregon 423-698-7339 Charlie Grossman [email protected] 9507 NW Roseway Avenue [email protected] Portland OR 97231 503-286-3519

Summer 2011 US-CHINA REVIEW • 31 US-China Non-Profit Organization U.S. Postage Peoples Friendship PAID Permit No. 7117 Association Palatine, Illinois 7088 SE Rivers Edge St. Jupiter, FL 33458

MEMBERSHIP, STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES The US-China Peoples Friendship Association is a non-profit educational organization. Our goal is to build active and lasting friendship based on mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of China. We recognize that friendship between our two peoples must be based on the knowledge of and respect for the sovereignty of each country; therefore, we respect the declaration of the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China that the resolution of the status of Taiwan is the internal affair of the Chinese ® on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. We also recognize that friendship between our two peoples and good relations between our two governments plays a critical role in maintaining peace in the Pacific Basin and in the world. As an educational organization, our activities include sponsoring speakers and programs which inform the American people about China, organizing tours and special study groups to China, publishing newsletters and other literature, promoting friendship with Chinese students and scholars while in the United States, and promoting cultural, commercial, technical, and educational exchanges. Everyone is invited to participate in our activities, and anyone who agrees with this Statement of Principles is welcome to join. Subscription to US-China Review is included in membership.

■ I would like to become a member of USCPFA; $24 annual dues per person enclosed. ■ I do not wish to become a member, but would like to receive US-China Review. Regular subscriptions are $32 per year for four issues, $35 for institutions, $45 overseas. ■ Please send a gift subscription to the name and address below. Name ______Address ______City, State, Zip ______Phone ______Interests ______Email (Optional) ______How did you learn about us? ______Make checks payable to USCPFA and mail with this form to Marge Ketter, Membership, US-China Peoples Friendship Association, 7088 SE Rivers Edge St., Jupiter, FL 33458. 2011 is the Year of the Rabbit

For information about educational tours to China, phone or fax 615-833-9512 or visit our Web site at www.uscpfa.org.