APS News October 2019, Vol. 28, No. 9

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

APS News October 2019, Vol. 28, No. 9 Forum on Physics and Society APS Members Work For 02│ Generous Gift to APS 03│ Videos Available 04│ 'Keep STEM Talent Act' 08│ Proving Einstein Right October 2019 • Vol. 28, No. 9 aps.org/apsnews A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY CAREERS INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS A New Guide for Job Seekers Highlights from the 2019 Canadian-American- BY LEAH POFFENBERGER Mexican Physics Conference BY PALOMA VILCHIS or some early career physi- cists, the way forward after he Canadian-American- to the original facility. We dressed receiving a degree is clear— F Mexican (CAM) Graduate in mining gear, took the mine heading towards academia or a elevator, walked two kilometers, field that grabbed their interest T Student Physics Conference and finally, at the entry of the lab, in school. But others may find is a gathering of physics students we left our mining gear behind. themselves wondering what to do from Canada, Cuba, Mexico, and with a physics degree or where to the United States, and has been The group was divided to shower go next in their careers. organized every two years since and get dressed in clean room APS and the Institute of Physisc 1994. This year, the CAM confer- gear—a process the scientists and Publishing (IOPP) in the UK have ence took place from July 24 to 27 employees at the lab do every day. teamed up to alert early-career in Sudbury, a small town in Ontario, We saw PICO 40 and PICO 60, which physicists to the many possibilities known for the world-class science are both dark matter detectors, and in the field with a new publica- facilities of SNOLAB—the Sudbury the beginning of the construction tion: the APS Careers 2020. Modeled Neutrino Observatory—located of the Helium and Lead Observatory after Physics World Careers pub- in a nickel mine two kilometers (HALO), which will be used to detect lished by the IOPP, which focused on resource to APS members. underground. supernovas. career information for UK and EU “APS Careers 2020 is targeted to The CAM Conference was hosted After the tour, we returned to physicists, the APS guide provides all members, with a special focus jointly by SNOLAB and Laurentian Laurentian for a special function invaluable information for job on early career physicists,” says University. Laurentian opened its in the planetarium: Paul-Émile doors to around a hundred graduate Legault, the director of the facility, seekers in the United States. The Bailey, who managed the project Paloma Vilchis guide will be available to all APS from the APS side. “We made an students for the conference, which gave a talk about how to find con- members by the end of October. effort to make sure this guide has featured plenary talks and parallel stellations with the identification room for the first plenary of the Crystal Bailey, Head of Career something beneficial to members sessions on a variety of topics, tours of a specific star at any time of the day, given by Adrien Liu (McGill Programs at APS, has been at all levels of their careers.” of SNOLAB, and various networking year. We then split into groups for University), a cosmologist, who working closely with Tushna And serving members, espe- and career growth opportunities. an evening of networking at dif- spoke about his research on the Commissariat and Edward Jost, The conference kicked off before ferent locations around Sudbury. beginning of our universe’s history, both of IOPP, to launch the new registration with a tour of SNOLAB On Thursday morning, students publication and provide a valuable CAREER GUIDE CONTINUED ON PAGE 4 and SNOLAB+, the 6300 m2 addition gathered in the main conference CAM CONTINUED ON PAGE 6 EDUCATION AND DIVERSITY UNITS New APS Program Promotes The APS Forum on Outreach and Engaging the Public Positive Perceptions of STEM BY ABIGAIL DOVE Teaching ver two thousand members BY LEAH POFFENBERGER strong, the Forum on O Outreach and Engaging wenty years ago, APS the Public (FOEP) is a home for launched the PhysTEC people who believe that telling T program to help address the world about physics is just as a shortage of physics teachers in important as the research itself. the United States through teacher The forum provides a platform training programs. But some for physicists interested in public students may still shy away from outreach—science writing, press pursuing STEM education as a relations, policy, public lectures— career, due to misconceptions about to connect and share ideas and teaching as a profession. best practices. Many members are To address the myths about well-known authors and physics teaching and improve the per- communicators. Don Lincoln Jim Kakalios ceptions of high-school teaching FOEP’s mission of communi- people’s perception of the teaching to be able to learn how to engage figures in the science communi- as a career, APS has launched cating physics to the general public profession and found that people the public and become effective cation world. Past speakers have the Get the Facts Out program in is especially crucial in today’s have a lot of misconceptions,” communicators of science. included Chad Orzel (author of the partnership with the American political climate, where attacks said David May, Education and At the institutional level, FOEP’s popular “How to Teach Physics to Association of Physics Teachers, on science—from climate change Diversity Programs Manager at main platforms include educational Your Dog” books), Sean Carroll the American Chemical Society, to vaccine safety—have become APS. “Adams and Monica Plisch, workshops to train people with (book author and host of the the Mathematical Society of commonplace. To this end, APS [APS Director of Programs], created an interest in outreach. Beyond Mindscape podcast), Henry Reich America, and the Colorado School has recognized the importance Get the Facts Out to address those practical advice for more effec- (host of the YouTube channel One of Mines. Funded by a National misconceptions, which are about of “expand[ing] public apprecia- tive science communication, some Minute Physics), Clifford Johnson Science Foundation grant, the teacher compensation, benefits, tion of physics” in its most recent training sessions also provide (graphic novelist and a consul- project will provide resources for and job satisfaction.” Strategic Plan (see APS News March specific insight into how to enter tant for the physics aspects of reaching STEM majors interested Many prospective physics edu- 2019), and with good reason: The the world of science blogging, several recent Marvel movies), in teaching. cators are choosing other careers best defense against assaults on podcasting, and social media, or and Kenneth Chang (longtime “Our PhysTEC partner, Wendy science is a scientifically literate tips for writing op-eds for larger New York Times science reporter). Adams [at the Colorado School of populace. platforms like The New York Times APS members may also remember Mines] had done a lot of research on PROGRAM CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 FOEP started in 2007 as an ad and The Washington Post. FOEP’s extremely popular physics- hoc committee within the APS “By and large we’re not born themed Escape Room from the Committee on Informing the with communication skills,” noted most recent March Meeting (see Public (CIP), gaining the charter FOEP secretary/treasurer Dan APS News April 2019). to become an official standalone Dahlberg (University of Minnesota), While FOEP members are forum in 2011. Although they do “You have to practice and learn involved in a wide variety of related work, FOEP and CIP are the most effective way to do it and outreach activities, the common now separate entities: CIP’s charge that’s not an easy thing to do.” thread is convincing the public is to provide guidance to the APS At March and April Meetings, that science—and particularly organization for how to reach the FOEP is known for its highly- physics—is important. According public, whereas FOEP’s charge is to attended sessions where APS provide the tools to APS members members can hear from inspiring FOEP CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 Revised 10/16/2019 2 • October 2019 DEVELOPMENT Industrial Physicist Selects APS THIS MONTH IN as Sole Beneficiary of Generous Estate Gift Physics History BY MARIAM MEHTER fter obtaining his degree October 1842: William Grove’s Letter to Faraday and carrying out postdoc- Describing a Fuel Cell A toral research on amorphous semiconductors, Suha Oguz worked as a scientist at the cor- oal and oil were the fuels for industrial and porate research lab of a defense technological development in the 19th and contractor. His career followed C 20th centuries, but the world might have a path into technical manage- looked very different if “gas voltaic batteries” ment, and he eventually retired had dominated instead. It was a Welsh judge after 11 years as Vice President of and scientist named Sir William Robert Grove Research and Development for a who invented a battery that turned hydrogen $7 billion business. He credits his and oxygen into electricity and water. Science success to being able to bridge the historians generally deem his invention to be gap between the engineers and the first bona fide fuel cell. scientists working on technical Grove was born in Swansea, Wales, to a local Suha Oguz and Leslie Lord research, on the one hand, and the magistrate. He was privately educated before business development staff and impact that one moment had made attending Brasenose College at Oxford University, lawyers on the other. and was impressed that the plumber where he studied the classics, graduating in 1832. Oguz remembers numerous had a warm feeling towards and an He became a lawyer in 1835, but his scientific occasions when the business staff understanding of physics.
Recommended publications
  • Galaxy Cross-Corr
    Astro2020 Science White Paper Synergies Between Galaxy Surveys and Reionization Measurements Thematic Areas: ☐ Planetary Systems ☐ Star and Planet Formation ☐Formation and Evolution of Compact Objects ☒ Cosmology and Fundamental Physics ☐Stars and Stellar Evolution ☐Resolved Stellar Populations and their Environments ☒Galaxy Evolution ☐Multi-Messenger Astronomy and Astrophysics Principal Author: Name: Steven Furlanetto Institution: University of California, Los Angeles Email: [email protected] Phone: (310) 206-4127 Co-authors: Adam Beardsley (Arizona State University), Chris L. Carilli (Cavendish Laboratory, NRAO), Jordan Mirocha (McGill University), James Aguirre (University of Pennsylvania), Yacine Ali- Haimoud (New York University), Marcelo Alvarez (University of California Berkeley), George Becker (University of California Riverside), Judd D. Bowman (Arizona State University), Patrick Breysse (CITA), Volker Bromm (University of Texas at Austin), Philip Bull (Queen Mary University of London), Jack Burns (University of Colorado Boulder), Isabella P. Carucci (University College London), Tzu-Ching Chang (JPL), Hsin Chiang (McGill University), Joanne Cohn (University of California Berkeley), Frederick Davies (University of California Santa Barbara), David DeBoer (University of California Berkeley), Mark Dickinson (NOAO), Joshua Dillon (University of California Berkeley), Olivier Doré (JPL, California Institute of Technology), Cora Dvorkin (Harvard University), Anastasia Fialkov (University of Sussex), Steven Finkelstein (University
    [Show full text]
  • Astro2020 Science White Paper Cosmology with the Highly Redshifted 21 Cm Line
    Astro2020 Science White Paper Cosmology with the Highly Redshifted 21 cm Line Thematic Areas: Planetary Systems Star and Planet Formation Formation and Evolution of Compact Objects 3Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Stars and Stellar Evolution Resolved Stellar Populations and their Environments Galaxy Evolution Multi-Messenger Astronomy and Astrophysics Principal Author: Name: Adrian Liu Institution: McGill University Email: [email protected] Phone: (514) 716-0194 Co-authors: (names and institutions) James Aguirre (University of Pennsylvania), Joshua S. Dillon (UC Berkeley), Steven R. Furlanetto (UCLA), Chris Carilli (National Radio Astronomy Observatory), Yacine Ali-Haimoud (New York University), Marcelo Alvarez (University of California, Berkeley), Adam Beardsley (Arizona State University), George Becker (University of California, Riverside), Judd Bowman (Arizona State University), Patrick Breysse (Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics), Volker Bromm (University of Texas at Austin), Philip Bull (Queen Mary University of London), Jack Burns (University of Colorado Boulder), Isabella P. Carucci (University College London), Tzu-Ching Chang (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Hsin Chiang (McGill University), Joanne Cohn (University of California, Berkeley), David DeBoer (University of California, Berkeley), Cora Dvorkin (Harvard University), Anastasia Fialkov (Sussex University), Nick Gnedin (Fermilab), Bryna Hazelton (University of Washington), Daniel Jacobs (Arizona State University), Marc Klein Wolt (Radboud University
    [Show full text]
  • A NSF Physics Frontier Center Annual Report 2005-2006
    A NSF Physics Frontier Center Annual Report 2005-2006 June 29, 2006 i Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 1 2 Research Accomplishments and Plans 4 2.a Major Research Accomplishments . 4 2.a.1 Research Highlights . 4 2.a.2 Detailed Research Activities: MRC I- Theory . 5 2.a.3 Detailed Research Activities: MRC II- Structures in the Uni- verse ..................................... 20 2.a.4 Detailed Research Activities: MRC III - Cosmic Radiation Backgrounds ................................ 24 2.a.5 Detailed Research Activities: MRC IV - Particles from Space . 28 2.a.6 References . 32 2.b Research Organizational Details . 33 2.c Plans for the Coming Year . 33 3 Publications, Awards and Technology Transfers 40 3.a List of Publications in Peer Reviewed Journals . 40 3.b List of Publications in Peer Reviewed Conference Proceedings . 48 3.c Invited Talks by Institute Members . 52 3.d Honors and Awards . 56 3.e Technology Transfer . 57 4 Education and Human Resources 58 4.a Graduate and Postdoctoral Training . 58 4.a.1 Research Training . 58 4.a.2 Curriculum Development: . 62 4.b Undergraduate Education . 63 4.b.1 Undergraduate Research Experiences: . 63 4.b.2 Undergraduate Curriculum Development: . 64 4.c Educational Outreach . 65 4.c.1 K-12 Programs: Space Explorers . 66 4.c.2 Web-Based Educational Activities: . 69 4.c.3 Other: . 69 4.d Enhancing Diversity . 72 5 Community Outreach and Knowledge Transfer 74 5.a Visitor Participation in Center . 74 5.a.1 Long term visitors . 74 5.a.2 Short term and seminar visitors . 75 5.b Workshops and Symposia .
    [Show full text]
  • Upcoming Events: Science@Cal Monthly Lectures 3Rd Saturday of Each Month 11:00 A.M
    University of California, Berkeley Department of Astronomy B E R K E L E Y A S T R O N O M Y Hearst Field Annex MC 3411 Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 Upcoming Events: Science@Cal Monthly Lectures 3rd Saturday of each month 11:00 a.m. UC Berkeley Campus location changes each month Consult website for details http://scienceatcal. berkeley.edu/lectures UniversityUNIVERSITY of California OF CALIFORNIA | 2014 2014 Evening with the Stars TBA Fall 2014 From the Chair’s Desk… co-PI on the founding grant for the Berkeley the Friends of Astrophysics Postdoctoral Please see the Astronomy website for more Institute for Data Science (BIDS) to bring Fellowship and many other coveted prize information together scientists with diverse backgrounds, fellowships. http://astro.berkeley.edu The Astronomy Department is a yet all dealing with “Big Data” (see page In addition to the rigorous research they vibrant, evolving 2). He is also on the management council pursue, our students and postdocs also find 2015 Raymond and Beverly Sackler community. It’s hard that oversees the Large Synoptic Survey time to get involved in other interesting Distinguished Lecture in Astronomy to fully capture all Telescope. This past summer Bloom again career-building and public outreach activities. Carolyn Porco, Space Science Institute that is happening organized the annual Python Language Matt George, Adam Morgan, and Chris Klein Public lecture: Wednesday, Jan 28 here in a few brief Bootcamp, an immensely popular three-day joined the Insight Data Science Fellows Joint Astronomy/Earth Planetary Sciences paragraphs, but I’ll summer workshop with >200 attendees.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspen Physics Turns 50 Michael S
    COMMENT AWARDS Passion and punch-ups ECOLOGY A paean to decay EXHIBITION London show OBITUARY Akira Tonomura, in a chronicle of two contested charts the life that death celebrates Alan Turing’s imaging pioneer, Nobel prizes p.318 provides p.320 life and legacy p.321 remembered p.324 S. MAXWELL/ASPEN CENTER FOR PHYSICS S. MAXWELL/ASPEN CENTER FOR Summer workshops at the Aspen Center for Physics give researchers respite from their academic duties. Aspen physics turns 50 Michael S. Turner reflects on how mountain serenity has bred big breakthroughs at the Aspen Center for Physics in Colorado. heoretical physicists are an odd lot: 10,000 theoretical physicists, including 53 Victorian buildings and wonderful skiing. She bad communicators (Niels Bohr Nobel laureates, from 65 countries. The centre persuaded her husband, a devotee of German and Werner Heisenberg); brilliant can lay claim to the string-theory revolution, writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, to visit Tshowmen (Richard Feynman and George the birth of the arXiv preprint archive and in 1945. Seeing it as the ideal place to bring Gamow); the ‘strangest man’ (Paul Dirac); to setting the agenda for condensed-matter together the three aspects of life — economic, lots of Hungarians (Leó Szilárd, Edward physics. Its history is tied to the revival of a sil- cultural and physical — he invested millions Teller and Eugene Wigner); bad hair (Albert ver-mining town and the American entrepre- of dollars in rebuilding it. In 1946, he formed Einstein); and too few women. They don’t neurial spirit, and features a fascinating cast of the Aspen Skiing Corporation, which remains need fancy equipment — a pencil and paper characters, from philosopher Mortimer Adler the financial engine of the valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Dark Matter Halo Mergers and Quasars
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations Spring 2010 Dark Matter Halo Mergers and Quasars Jorge Moreno University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Cosmology, Relativity, and Gravity Commons, and the External Galaxies Commons Recommended Citation Moreno, Jorge, "Dark Matter Halo Mergers and Quasars" (2010). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 177. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/177 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/177 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dark Matter Halo Mergers and Quasars Abstract The formation and evolution of galaxies and the supermassive black holes they harbor at their nuclei depends strongly on the merger history of their surrounding dark matter haloes. First we developed a semi-analytic algorithm that describes the merger history tree of a halo. The following tests were performed: the conditional mass function, the time and mass distributions at formation, and the time distribution of the last major merger. We provide a model for the creation rate of dark matter haloes, informed by both coagulation theory and the modified excursion set approach with moving barriers. A comparison with N-body simulations shows that our square-root barrier merger rate is significantly better than the standard extended Press-Schechter rate used in the literature. The last chapter is dedicated to a simple model of quasar activation by major mergers of dark matter haloes. The model consists of two main ingredients: the halo merger rate describing triggering, and a quasar light curve, which tracks the evolution of individual quasars.
    [Show full text]
  • In Theory for Every Fundamental Particle, the Theory of Supersymmetry Proposes a Supersymmetric Partner, a “Sparticle” in SUSY Jargon
    Volume 21 Friday, June 5, 1998 Number 11 ~ In Theory For every fundamental particle, the theory of supersymmetry proposes a supersymmetric partner, a “sparticle” in SUSY jargon. The electron, e, for example, has a SUSY spartner, the selectron e.˜ Would every Fermilab theorist have a SUSY “stheorist”? Probably not, but theorists worldwide will be watching Tevatron Run II for the first experimental evidence for SUSY. The Fermilab Stheory Group INSIDE f 2 Supersymmetry 7 Supersymmetry Workshop 8 MiniBooNE 10 Fishing 12 Paperless Papers 14 CDF Party The Fermilab Theory Group supersymmetry …and the physics of Run II by Meher Antia Without resorting to tricky mathematics or exotic physics, anyone can see that much of the stuff the world is made of has mass. Things can STANDARD be touched and felt; they have some bulk, unlike, say, light which is intangible and MODEL immaterial. But why? Why are some things in the universe, like quarks and leptons, chunky and massive and others, like photons and Mass = ~ 3 MeV ~ 1.2 GeV 175 (6) GeV gluons, ethereal and massless? up charm top photon ~ 4 MeV 95 (15) MeV ~ 4.8 GeV Answers to questions like these are usually bottom gluon provided by the Standard Model, to date the down strange 91.186 (2) GeV best framework to < 15 eV < 100 KeV < 35 MeV describe the patchwork of elementary particles electron neutrino muon neutrino tau neutrino Z boson and forces of nature. .511 MeV 106.76 MeV 1.784 GeV 80.36 (13) GeV However, in its simplest form, the Standard Model disappoints.
    [Show full text]
  • David I. Kaiser
    David I. Kaiser Program in Science, Technology, and Society, and Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Tel. 617 452-3173. Email. [email protected] http://web.mit.edu/dikaiser/www Academic Positions 2019 –. Associate Dean, Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Computing, Schwarzman College of Computing, MIT 2015 –. Professor, Department of Physics, MIT. 2011 –. Germeshausen Professor of the History of Science, Program in Science, Technology, and Society, MIT. 2011 –. Affiliated Faculty, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University. 2000 – 2011. Assistant Professor (2000-2004) and Associate Professor (2004-2011), Program in Science, Technology, and Society, MIT. 2000 – 2015. Lecturer (2000-2010) and Senior Lecturer (2010-2015), Department of Physics, MIT. Spring 1999. Visiting Lecturer. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College. Education 2000. Ph.D. in Physics and in History of Science, Harvard University History of Science Dissertation: “Making Theory: Producing Physics and Physicists in Postwar America.” May 2000. Physics Dissertation: “Post-Inflation Reheating in an Expanding Universe.” December 1997. 1993. A.B. in Physics, Dartmouth College. Summa cum Laude Academic Honors and Awards 2020. Physics World “Best of Physics in Books, TV, and Film in 2020” for Quantum Legacies: Dispatches from an Uncertain World. 2016. George Sarton Memorial Lecturer, plenary address sponsored by the History of Science Society, delivered at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting. 2013. History of Science Society, Davis Prize for best book aimed at a general audience, awarded for How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival. 2012. Physics World “Book of the Year” award for How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen Fundamental Cosmology in the Dark Ages With
    University of Groningen Fundamental Cosmology in the Dark Ages with 21-cm Line Fluctuations Furlanetto, Steven; Bowman, Judd D.; Mirocha, Jordan; Pober, Jonathan; Burns, Jack; Carilli, Chris L.; Munoz, Julian; Aguirre, James; Ali-Haimoud, Yacine; Alvarez, Marcelo Published in: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Final author's version (accepted by publisher, after peer review) Publication date: 2019 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Furlanetto, S., Bowman, J. D., Mirocha, J., Pober, J., Burns, J., Carilli, C. L., Munoz, J., Aguirre, J., Ali- Haimoud, Y., Alvarez, M., Beardsley, A., Becker, G., Breysse, P., Bromm, V., Bull, P., Chang, T-C., Chen, X., Chiang, H., Cohn, J., ... Zaldarriaga, M. (2019). Fundamental Cosmology in the Dark Ages with 21-cm Line Fluctuations. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 51(3), [ID 144 (2019)]. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019BAAS...51c.144F Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal.
    [Show full text]
  • @Xxx.Lanl.Gov
    @xxx.lanl.gov first steps toward electronic research communication Paul H. Ginsparg [email protected] is the e-mail short period the primary means of com- The archiving software has been ex- address for the first of a series of municating ongoing research informa- panded to serve a number of other re- hautomated archives for electronic tion in formal areas of high energy par- search disciplines (see Figure 1). The communication of research information. ticle theory. Its rapid acceptance within extended, automatically maintained This “e-print archive” went on-line in this community depended critically on database and distribution system cur- August, 1991. It began as an experi- both recent technological advances and rently serves over 20,000 users from mental means of circumventing recog- particular behavioral aspects of the more than 60 countries and processes nized inadequacies of research journals, community. There are now more than over 30,000 messages per day. It is al- but unexpectedly became within a very 3600 regular users of hep-th worldwide. ready one of the largest and most active 156 Los Alamos Science Number 22 1994 @xxx.lanl.gov databases on the internet. This system may be a paradigm for worldwide, dis- cipline-wide scientific-information ex- change when the next generation of “electronic-data highways” begins to provide more universal access to high- speed computer networks. Background The rapid acceptance of electronic communication of research information in my own community of high-energy theoretical physics was facilitated by a pre-existing “preprint culture,” in which the irrelevance of refereed journals to ongoing research has long been recog- nized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe: Probes of Cosmology and Structure Formation
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Large-scale Structure of the Universe: Probes of Cosmology and Structure Formation Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gg775z6 Author Noh, Yookyung Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Large-scale Structure of the Universe: Probes of Cosmology and Structure Formation By Yookyung Noh A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Astrophysics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Martin White, Co-chair Professor Eliot Quataert, Co-chair Doctor Joanne D. Cohn Professor Daniel Kasen Professor Adrian T. Lee Fall 2013 The Large-scale Structure of the Universe: Probes of Cosmology and Structure Formation Copyright 2013 by Yookyung Noh 1 Abstract The Large-scale Structure of the Universe: Probes of Cosmology and Structure Formation by Yookyung Noh Doctor of Philosophy in Astrophysics University of California, Berkeley Professor Martin White, Co-chair Professor Eliot Quataert, Co-chair The usefulness of large-scale structure as a probe of cosmology and structure formation is increasing as large deep surveys in multi-wavelength bands are becoming possible. The ob- servational analysis of large-scale structure guided by large volume numerical simulations are beginning to offer us complementary information and crosschecks of cosmological parameters estimated from the anisotropies in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Under- standing structure formation and evolution and even galaxy formation history is also being aided by observations of different redshift snapshots of the Universe, using various tracers of large-scale structure.
    [Show full text]
  • COVARIANT QUANTIZATION of SUPERSYMMETRIC STRING THEORIES: the Spinor Field of the Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz Model*
    Nuclear Physics B278 (1986) 577-600 North-Holland, Amsterdam COVARIANT QUANTIZATION OF SUPERSYMMETRIC STRING THEORIES: The spinor field of the Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz model* Joanne COHN x, Daniel FRIEDAN, Zongan QIU 2, and Stephen SHENKER Enrico Fermi and James Franck Institutes and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Received 17 April 1986 A brief review of superconformal field theory and superstrings is presented. The spacetime spinor contribution to the fermion vertex operator is constructed and the four-fermion amplitude is calculated using the differential equation method in the SO(1,9) current algebra. The spinor field is also described as a vertex operator in the bosonization of the Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz fermions, and the two-cocycle for the ferrnion vertex is given. The original formulation of superstring theory was the manifestly covariant Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz (RNS) model [1-3]. The RNS theory was never developed far enough to describe general fermionic amplitudes and therefore the spacetime supersymmetry of the model remained obscure. Only part of the fermion emission vertex was constructed [4], the spacetime spinor field of the RNS model, which we would now call the matter contribution to the fermion vertex. Spacetime supersym- metry was proved in light-cone gauge, where the spacetime spinor field becomes the complete fermion vertex [5]. This paper is part of a program [6, 7] to give a manifestly Lorentz covariant formulation of superstring theory by completing the RNS model. The motivations for embarking on this project were: (i) to develop effective methods for calculating string tree amplitudes and loop corrections in flat spacetime; (ii) to develop methods which can be used to describe strings in curved backgrounds; and (iii) to take a step towards understanding the general covariance of string theory.
    [Show full text]