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Frederick Law Olmsted

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UBC School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture LARC 444/553 Green Network Planning January 9, 2019 GREEN NETWORKS A Short History A Very Selective History…. THEMES 1. Pioneers of green space systems 2. Greenspace systems and urban form 3. Early green neighbourhoods EARLY GREEN SYSTEMS THINKING & PLANS Olmsted(s), Kessler, Cleveland FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED by creativemarket.com FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED 1822- 1903 Farmer, social reformer, journalist, social critic, public administrator and… First to coin “landscape architect” Father of Landscape Architecture designer of ~100 parks, park systems, estates, 27 campuses FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED (FLO) With Calvert Vaux, designed Central Park in 1858 Landscape architecture consulting firm 1865- 1898 Olmsted Brothers: FLO Junior and John Charles 1898- 1980 source Getty Images OLMSTED- Central Park, NYC A place of respite for the working class from the industrial city beauty, sanitation , health Olmsted envisioned a system of green spaces eXtending throughout NYC - parkways and linear parks interconnecting the major parks Central Park - diagram showing Riverside, Heckscher 1977 p. 169 OLMSTED- Pleasure drives Prospect Park, Brooklyn Parkways (pleasure drives to and between parks) interconnected parks systems Lewis Mumford: “The park system is thus the very spearhead of comprehensive urban planning”. Heckscher 1977 p. 193 BUFFALO PARK SYSTEM Olmsted & Vaux 1868-1872 USA- “first system of parks and historic parkways” Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy VISION: • parkway as form-givers • connecng key parks • armature for interconnecng future parks Heckscher- as system aborted Source: Albert Fein, 1972 FL Olmsted and the American environmental tradition. BOSTON PARK SYSTEM aka Emerald Necklace (1878-1895) Frederick Law Olmsted, Charles Elliot, John Charles Olmsted, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (Olmsted coined the term “park system”) source wikimedia.org BOSTON PARK SYSTEM aka Emerald Necklace (1878-1895) Frederick Law Olmsted, Charles Elliot, John Charles Olmsted, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. envisioned as a circumnavigang greenbelt around Boston (never completed) begins at Boston Common (1634) “a chain of parks linked by parkways and waterways” Wikipedia walking, pleasure drives, small parks, arboretum, large park (Franklin), along waterways BACK BAY FENS- First Green Infrastructure “Frederick Law Olmsted….proposed to flush out the stagnant waterway and add naturalisc planngs to emulate the original de marsh ecology of the Fenway area. His plan was true to both the character of the land and the needs of the growing populaon.” Boston Mayor Marn J. Walsh Boston Park Department & Olmsted Landscape Architects, “Map of the Back Bay Fens,” The Urban Imagination, accessed September 4, 2017, http:// dighist.fas.harvard.edu/courses/2015/HUM54/items/show/70. INFLUENCES IN CANADA 1877 Mount Royal Park, Montreal F. L. Olmsted Sr. FREDERICK TODD, Landscape Architect First resident landscape architect in Canada EXAMPLES OF WORK: 1904 Assiniboine Park, Winnipeg 1899 Park system of the National Capital- Ottawa 1905 Park system, Edmonton Residential developments in Vancouver- Shaughnessy and Point Grey Greenspaces along the North Saskatchewan River, Edmonton MINNEAPOLIS PARK SYSTEM (1880’s) H.W.S. (Horace) Cleveland Heckscher: Protecting and interconnecting natural features A city of parkways A city characterized by natural features Minneapolis Park System Plan, 1883 source Heckscher 1977, page 207 94 HUMBOLDT GREENWAY JOHN C. CREEKVIEW PARK BOHANON PARK PARK SHINGLE CREEK 49th Ave N PARK 49TH AVENUE (2017) CORRIDOR MINNEAPOLIS PARK SYSTEM OSSEO ROAD PROPERTY NORTH Ryan Lake MISSISSIPPI PARK Memorial Pkwy 37th Ave NE VICTORY Webber PARK CHARLES C. Pond ARCHITECT WEBBER HIVIEW TRIANGLE PARK CAVELL 42nd Ave N PARK Pkwy PARK mbia WAITE N Colu PARK e e COLUMBIA 34th Ave NE Av PARK / GOLF oldt 94 St Anthony Pkwy mb Hu Memorial Pkwy Memorial Dowling Ave N St An St NE St DEMING HEIGHTS th PARK on Best Park System in connental hall y Pk PERKINS rs 29th Ave NE wy FOLWELL HILL Ma PARK PARK MARSHALL NE NE N e NE AUDUB ON e TERRACE St e e PARK PARK Av Av Av ty l CLEVELAND si ra OAK CREST ysses ysses PARK er nt TRIANGLE iv Ul FRANCIS A. Ce Lyndale Lowry Ave N Un Lowry Ave NE GROSS US- 2013 Trust for Public Land We EDGEWATER GOLF 23rd Av e NE st PARK COURSE Broadw WINDOM 35W NE PARK JORDAN GLUEK JACKSON wy BOTTINEAU SQUARE re St ay PARK PARK FIELD Pk mo h ll Stinson Pkwy NEWTON ORVIN St NE Fi Wirt "OLE" TRIANGLE FARVIEW oe GLEN OLSON NE PARK nr Ridgway Pkwy RUSSELL GALE PARK St PARK Mo NORTHEAST VALLEY VIEW TRIANGLE 2nd ICE ParkScore ranking PARK COTTAGE ARENA PARK IRVING TRIANGLE SHERIDAN LOGAN OLIVER NORTHEAST MEMORIAL PARK TRIANGLE West Broadway PARK PARK Golden Valley Rd N Broadway St NE e WASHINGTON WILLARD SCHERER TRIANGLE Av DICKMAN PARK PARK SIBLEY BELTRAMI ng PARK PARK e NE TRIANGLE NORTH 94 Av COMMONS Irvi HALL PARK 8th PARK PIONEER MO NROE PLACE TRIANGLE Plymouth Ave N TRIANGLE James I. ST ANTHONY Twin Lake BOOM ISLAND BF NELSON in East Hennepin MARY McLEOD PARK PARK PARK nnep BETHUNE FARWELL SUMNER Rice Pkwy st He PARK Ea PARK LOVELL FIELD CHUTE SQUARE SQUARE NW BELL HOLMES PROPERTY THEODORE PARK VAN CLEVE WIRTH BARNES HUMBOLDT FIRST PARK PARK / GOLF PLACE Main St TRIANGLE BRIDGE MARCY 55 PARK NICOLLET HENNEPIN ISLAND PARK ke BLUFFS THE PARK HARRISON GATEWAY SE h La rt Glenwood Ave N PARK e FUJI YA PROPERTY Av Wi BASSETT'S CREEK 35W 394 LUCY WILDER th PARK Rd STONE ARCH Ave MORRIS PARK 15 Theodore Wirth Pkwy ke in S BRIDGE LOT La r e MILL RUINS nnep da Av PARK Ce BRYN MAWR He d Un MEADOWS 3r iver SE si e ty Av Birch Pond LAUREL Av 8t e TRIANGLE THE h BOHEMIAN SE St S ms PARADE FLATS EAST RIVER FLATS lia TOWER Wil HILL 394 Spring PARK AVENUE CURRIE PARK Lake Loring PARK GEORGE Pond LORING TRIANGLE Mississi LUXTON CLARENCE PARK 14th St E ELLIOT VINELAND FRANKLIN STEELE ppi PARK TRIANGLE Brownie PARK Ri BARTON FREMONT TRIANGLE SQUARE MURPHY ve Lake CLIFTON SVEA r TRIANGLE BEDFORD TRIANGLE SQUARE THOMAS TRIANGLE 94 35W TRIANGLE TRIANGLE AIL TR ORLIN TRIANGLE LAKE KENWOOD LOWRY STEVENS CEDAR Cedar Kenwood Pkwy PARK PARK SQUARE FRANK H. PEAVEY 94 CALEB DORR Lake RIVERSIDE PARK CHERGOSKY Franklin Ave W FIELD CIRCLE PARK PROPERTY Franklin Ave E East River Pkwy Pkwy KENWOOD PHILLIPS POOL EAST PHILLIPS & GYM PARK Cedar Lake TRIANGLE SMITH WASHBURN PARK West River Pkwy TRIANGLE FAIR OAKS NORMANNA RESERVE BLOCK 40 24th St W PARK TRIANGLE PARK JOANN CLINTON FIELD LEVIN DORILUS MATTHEWS Pkwy MUELLER CEDAR AVENUE PARK 26th St Lake of the Isles Lake PARK MORRISON PARK FIELD 94 of the PARK 35W S 55 Isles S e e WEST END TRIANGLE WHITTIER S Pkwy STEWART S e Av PARK Av PARK e CHOWEN TRIANGLE Av BRACKETT Dean Av r SOO LINE ago PARK THE MALL S FIELD th da GARDEN ic ALCOTT TRIANGLE SIDING e Lyndale 29 Ce Ch PARK Lake St W Av Lake St E ST LOUIS TRIANGLE BRYANT S th e SQUARE 10 S Av e s Av en th ev 38 St S CORCORAN Ave Powderhorn ROLLINS e Lake PARK SEVEN OAKS in TRIANGLE GREEN OVAL Av PAINTER Lake nt CENTRAL nnep PARK GYM LONGFELLOW 35th St E Lake Calhoun PkwyLake Calhoun Calhoun POWDERHORN He Brya PARK S PARK 36th St W e Av th 38th St E 38th St W 20 William Berry 39th St W WILLIAM LYNDALE BERRY Pkwy FARMSTEAD PARK S e ADAMS 40th St W EDMUND J. SIBLEY PHELPS Av TRIANGLE PARK PARK th LINDEN HILLS S Hills Blvd Hills 28 42nd St E FIELD e S DR. MARTIN Av r LUTHER e Linden da 43rd St W KING PARK Av HIAWATHA MEADOWBROOK Ce SCHOOL DELL Pkwy 55 PARK GOLF COURSE WAVELAND komis PARK Lake Harriet TRIANGLE No BEARD'S King's Highway HIAWATHA Lake MINNEHAHA PLAISANCE Lake Harriet 46th St W PARK / GOLF Hiawatha CREEK PARK S e S e MCRAE Godfrey Pkwy RUSTIC LODGE Av 48th St W Av PARK nd MINNEHAHA TRIANGLE la Minnehaha Creek Pkwy PARK wy LYNNHURST FULLER Pk PERSHING Port S Minnehaha Park Dr PARK PARK nnehaha PARK 50th St W Lyndale 50th St E E Mi S S ELMWOOD e e GLADSTONE TRIANGLE S e Av Central Mississippi Riverfront Regional Park Plan Av MINNEHAHA TRIANGLE Pkwy KEEWAYDIN Av en es CREEK PARK PARK th ow Nokomis 40 Xerx Minnehaha Creek Pkwy Ch PEARL Lake 54th St W Diam PARK Lake SHOREVIEW & 54TH ST E ondLake Rd Nokomis W PROPERTY MORRIS S E Rd 55th St E 1 PARK e SHOREVIEW & 54 /2 ST E S Av PROPERTY e e rn rn ARMATAGE Av SHOREVIEW & KENNY S S bu PARK GEORGE 55TH ST E Diamond e nn PARK e BOSSEN sh Lake TODD PROPERTY Av Pe FIELD WINDOM SOUTH PARK Av th Wa 58th St W PARK r 28 S da e PENN MODEL S Ce e VILLAGE TRIANGLE Av WASHBURN Av DIAMOND AVENUE t LAKE ago EDWARD C. SOLOMON TOTLOT on PARK ic PARK Grass Ch Lake Frem minneapolisparks.org LEONARD H. NEIMAN SPORTS COMPLEX FORT SNELLING GOLF 35W GEORGE KESSLER Educated in landscape architecture in Germany 1892 Landscape Architect for Kansas City Park Board worked briefly in New York/ communicated with Olmsted Private pracce: designed notable parks and park systems in Memphis, Dallas, St Louis, Indianapolis… KANSAS CITY PARK SYSTEM George Kessler 1893 1977 Heckscher: Planning the “bones” or structure of the city & Expandable system source Heckscher 1977, page 200, 201 OLMSTED BROTHERS- PORTLAND John Charles Olmsted, December 1903 Proposed system of parks for Portland, Oregon • parks should be part of a system • park systems should be comprehensive • connected by boulevards and parkways • sited to take advantage of natural landscapes & scenery • include ill-drained areas and areas subject to flooding Unknown author_graphic interpretation of the John Charles Olmsted proposal PORTLAND 2035 Comprehensive Plan (2016) Vision for greenways and habitat areas OLMSTED BROTHERS- SEATTLE (1903 - 1941) 1903 Plan for a parks system “The primary aim should be to secure and preserve for the use of the people … these advantages of water and mountain views and of woodlands… An ideal system would involve taking all of the borders of the different bodies of water…and to enlarge these fringes at suitable and convenient points.” John Charles Olmsted, 1903 Source: Heckscher 1977, page 75 1903 Plan 2019 JOHN NOLEN: Landscape architect and town planner John Nolen 1869-1937 educated at Harvard 1903 - 1905 studied landscape architecture under Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
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  • Druid Hills Olmsted Documentary Record

    Druid Hills Olmsted Documentary Record

    DRUID HILLS OLMSTED DOCUMENTARY RECORD SELECTED TEXTS CORRESPONDENCE Between the Olmsted Firm and Kirkwood Land Company From the Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted And the Records of the Olmsted Firm In the Manuscript Division Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. And The Olmsted National Historic Site Brookline, Massachusetts Compiled by Charles E. Beveridge, Series Editor The Frederick Law Olmsted Papers With a List of Correspondence Compiled by Sarah H. Harbaugh 1 CONTENTS by Topic Additions of land, proposed Olmsted Firm Atkins Park development Olmsted, Frederick Law Beacon Street, Boston Olmsted, John C Bell Street, Extension of Parkway to Atlanta Biltmore nursery Plans Boundary revisions Planting Business district, proposed Plant materials Casino Ponce de Leon Parkway Clifton Pike, Crossing of Parkway Presbyterian University Construction Public reservations Druid Hills plan Residential Lots Druid Hills site Restrictions, in deeds Eastern section Ruff, Solon Z. Electric power lines Sale agreement Electric railway Section 1 Entrance Sewerage system GC&N RR Southern section Grading Southwestern section Hurt, Joel Springdale Kirkwood Land Company Stormwater drainage Lakes Street railway Land values Street tree planting Lullwater Streets Names Water supply system Nursery Widewater APPENDIX: LIST OF CORRESPONDENCE: Correspondence 1890 – 1910 Followed by selected photographs, map and drawing 2 ADDITIONS OF LAND, PROPOSED The Library of Congress, Manuscript Division Olmsted Associates Papers, vol. A11, p. 250 5th December 1890 6. When on the ground with your Secretary, we pointed out certain lands lying outside of that which you now have, the addition of which would, we think, for reasons explained to him and to you, greatly add to the ultimate value of the property.