Government Initiatives IQ HAMILTON MEDIA

QUEEN AT 85 Her Majesty celebrates her 85th birthday

Government Initiatives IQ HAMILTON MEDIA

Collectors edition 2011

QUEEN AT 85

Contents

05 Foreword 58 The Crown Jewels

06 the queen’s early life 60 Buckingham Palace

09 Royal Romance 62 History of buckingham palace

14 Elizabeth II’s Wedding 64 Windsor Castle

18 The Balcony Kiss 68 ST James’s Palace

20 The Role of the Sovereign 71 Clarence House

22 The Queen and the UK 74 Sandringham House

26 THe Queen and the 76 Palace of Holyroodhouse Commonweatlth 78 Balmoral Castle 03 31 The Queen and Religion 79 The Royal Mews 32 The Royal British Legion 81 The Queens Transport 34 The Queen and Animals 88 Hosting President Obama 36 Royal Patronage of the Performing Arts 91 The queens speech at the Irish State Dinner 37 Royal involvement with charities 94 At Royal Ascot

40 The Queen and I 98 Chelsea Flower Show 2011

46 The 85th Trooping the 104 The Royal Household and colour parade the Environment

50 Trooping the colour 107 85 facts about the Queen

53 The Queens birthday 114 References honours list

57 Royal Finances

Government Initiatives IQ Amazing Energy! Happy Birthday Your Majesty.

Richard Whitehead 200m World Champion and Marathon World Record Holder Foreword

Advertising Director

David Cooper

Advertising Manager

THE ROYAL BIRTHDAY OF THE YEAR Adeoye Ogunade

Email: [email protected]

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II celebrates her 85th birthday this year. Tel: (+44) (0) 845 459 3030 The news has caused tremendous excitement amongst the royal family Account Managers: and royalists around the world, as this makes Queen Elizabeth II the Samuel Melhado, Alix Coochi, Louise Solar second longest reigning Monarch in the history of the United Editor Kingdom. As a result this year’s Trooping of the Colours has been a special and memorable event with the Duke and Duchess of Graham Harvey Cambridge making their first appearance since the wedding with the Design Manager

Duke riding for her Majesty’s birthday for the first time. Jason O'Hare

Production/Design 05 Government Initiatives IQ takes you on a journey in this Havoc Design commemorative issue through her Majesty’s early life, romance, her Production role as the monarch, her birthday and finally looking at the preparations for the diamond jubilee in 2012. Sean Hourigan

As her Majesty prepares to celebrate 60 years of her reign we will analyse her history, royal residences, finances, transportation, the commonwealth and her interests over the past 85 years.

And finally we take a close look at the Queen hosting President Barack Published by Hamilton Media

Obama and her historic visit to Ireland. 100 Pall Mall, St James LONDON SW1Y 5NQ Tel: 44 (0) 845 459 3030 Fax: 44 (0) 207 321 3738 Publisher - David Hamilton

Printed by UK Financial Connections Ltd. All material in the Government Initiatives IQ is strictly copyright and all rights are reserved. Reproduction without the permission of the publisher is strictly forbidden. Every care is taken in compiling the contents of this magazine, but we assume no responsibility for the effects arising therefrom. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the publisher nor of Governments Initiatives IQ.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 The Queen’s early life

The Queen was born at 2.40am on 21 April 1926 at 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, London.

She was the first child of The Duke and Duchess of York, who later became King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.

At the time she stood third in line of succession to the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), and her father, The Duke of York. But it was not expected that her father would become King, or that she would become Queen.

The Princess was christened Elizabeth Alexandra Mary in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. She was named after her mother, while her two middle names are those of her paternal great- grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and paternal grandmother, Queen Mary.

The Princess's early years were spent at 145 06 Piccadilly, the London house taken by her parents shortly after her birth, and at White Lodge in Richmond Park.

She also spent time at the country homes of her paternal grandparents, King George V and Queen Mary, and her mother's parents, the Earl and Princess Elizabeth was now first in line to the Countess of Strathmore. throne, and a figure of even more intense public interest. In 1930, Princess Elizabeth gained a sister, with the birth of Princess Margaret Rose. The family Education of four was very close. Princess Elizabeth was educated at home with When she was six years old, her parents took Princess Margaret, her younger sister. over Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park as their own country home. In the grounds of Royal After her father succeeded to the throne in 1936 Lodge Princess Elizabeth had her own small house, and she became heir presumptive, she started to Y Bwthyn Bach (the Little Cottage), which was study constitutional history and law as given to her by the people of Wales in 1932. preparation for her future role.

Princess Elizabeth's quiet family life came to an She received tuition from her father, as well as end in 1936, when her grandfather, King George sessions with Henry Marten, the Vice-Provost of V, died. His eldest son came to the throne as Eton. She was also instructed in religion by the King Edward VIII, but, before the end of the Archbishop of Canterbury. year, King Edward VIII had decided to give up the throne in order to marry the woman he loved, Princess Elizabeth also learned French from a Mrs Wallis Simpson. number of French and Belgian governesses. It is a skill which has stood The Queen in good stead, Upon his abdication, Princess Elizabeth's father as she often has cause to use it when speaking to acceded to the throne as King George VI, and in ambassadors and heads of state from French- 1937 the two Princesses attended their parents' speaking countries, and when visiting French- coronation in Westminster Abbey. speaking areas of Canada.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Princess Elizabeth also studied art and music, the fourth, Prince Edward, in 1964. Prince learned to ride, and became a strong swimmer. Andrew and Prince Edward were the first She won the Children's Challenge Shield at children to be born to a reigning monarch since London's Bath Club when she was thirteen. Queen Victoria had her family.

Princess Elizabeth enrolled as a Girl Guide when Their grandchildren are Peter and Zara Phillips she was eleven, and later became a Sea Ranger. (b. 1977 and 1981); Prince William of Wales and Prince Henry of Wales (b. 1982 and 1984); In 1940, at the height of the Blitz, the young Princess Beatrice of York and Princess Eugenie Princesses were moved for their safety to of York (b. 1988 and 1990); and The Lady Windsor Castle, where they spent most of the Louise Windsor and Viscount Severn (b.2003 war years. and 2007), children of The Earl and Countess of Wessex. It was a time of austerity and anxiety for the whole country, including the Royal Family. But Their first great-grandchild, Miss Savannah at Christmas time there was a period of light Phillips, the daughter of Peter and Autumn relief when the young Princesses put on Phillips, was born in 2010. pantomimes with the children of members of staff for the enjoyment of her family and Family life has been an essential support to The employees of the Royal Household. Queen throughout her reign. The family usually spends Christmas together at Sandringham in Marriage and family Norfolk, attending church on Christmas Day. The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh And in the summer of 2006, The Queen celebrated celebrated their 63rd wedding anniversary on 20 her 80th birthday by taking a cruise with all her November 2010. Shortly after the Royal Family family through the Western Isles of Scotland. returned from South Africa in 1947, the Princess's engagement to Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten was announced.

The couple, who had known each other for many years, were married in Westminster Abbey on 20 November 1947. The event was fairly simple, as Britain was still recovering from the war, and Princess Elizabeth had to collect clothing coupons for her dress, like any other young bride. They spent their honeymoon at Broadlands, Hampshire, the home of Lord Mountbatten, and at Birkhall, Balmoral.

Lieutenant Mountbatten, now His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was the son of Prince Andrew of Greece and a great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria. The Queen has paid public tribute to her husband on several occasions, recalling his loyal support and service to the country.

They have four children, eight grandchildren and one great-grandchild.

Prince Charles, now The Prince of Wales, heir apparent to the throne, was born in 1948, and his sister, Princess Anne, now The Princess Royal, two years later.

After Princess Elizabeth became Queen, their third child, Prince Andrew, arrived in 1960 and

Government Initiatives IQ Handcrafted Perfection

Steinway & Sons pianos are individually created, which gives them their own unique characteristics and incomparable sound. Suffice to say that those at the top of their profession, as well as those who simply want the best, invest in nothing less.

“The management and staff of Steinway & Sons, UK extend their very best wishes to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on her 85th birthday”. Glen Gough Managing Director

STEINWAY HALL, 44 MARYLEBONE LANE, LONDON W1U 2DB TEL: 020 7487 3391 WWW.STEINWAY.CO.UK QUEEN AT 85 Royal Romance By Wendy Leigh

She was 13 years old and innocent, he was 18, debonair and dashing. And for her, at least, it was love at first sight.

It all began on July 22, 1939 when Princess Elizabeth made a visit to the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, where she was introduced to her cousin, Cadet Captain Prince Philip of Greece, then in the process of completing his three months‟ initial officers‟ training course.

“She never took her eyes off him,” Princess Elizabeth‟s governess, “Crawfie” later recalled.

Charged with entertaining Princess Elizabeth and her sister, Princess Margaret, Philip not only mesmerized Princess Elizabeth with his blonde, blue-eyed good looks, but engaged her in playing with a toy train, then dazzled her by jumping over the tennis net.

“How good he is, Crawfie! How high he can 09 jump!” Elizabeth exclaimed, enthralled by Philip‟s athleticism.

From then on, the die was cast. Princess Elizabeth was in love with Prince Philip, then and for always.

Although her father, King George V1 was not The Second World War served to separate overly enthusiastic at the prospect of his beloved Princess Elizabeth from Philip, who, as a Second „Lilibet‟ marrying a penniless Prince, Philip’s Lieutenant fought in the Indian Ocean and the appeal was clear from the start. Mediterranean, but even then, her passion for him never wavered. Tall, blonde, handsome, athlete, well educated, possessed of exquisite manners, a naval officer By the time she was eighteen, she was already who could out-sail, out-hunt, and out-run any confiding in friends that she dreamed of making man, he was the ultimate machismo. Philip her husband.

Yet beneath his macho façade, Philip was also During that time, when Philip came home on vulnerable – and that vulnerability rendered him leave, he spent two Christmases at Windsor, even more irresistible to the Princess. which gave Elizabeth the opportunity she longed for to get to know him better. His mother suffered a breakdown when he was a child and for many years was absent from his By now, Philip‟s uncle, Lord Louis Mountbatten life, his father was distant, and he was sent away was making no secret of the fact that he was set to school in England before the age of twelve. So on Philip marrying the Princess, but both her that although he was descended from the mother and father feared that she was too young. Romanovs, and like Princess was a great great great grandchild of Queen Victoria, he was an In the last year of the war, Philip was awarded a outsider, different – and that difference was part two-year appointment at the Royal Naval Petty of his considerable allure.

Government Initiatives IQ

QUEEN AT 85

Officers School at Corsham. His proximity to Elizabeth insured that they would meet on a regular basis.

Outing after outing followed, in Philip‟s black MG sports car, which he would drive through the country roads at breathtaking speed.

And after spending six weeks with Elizabeth in Balmoral during the summer of 1946, the outcome of their romance was a foregone conclusion. And when, on June 14, 1947, the couple made a rare public appearance, attending a performance of “Oklahoma!” and – during the song, “People Will Say We‟re In Love – gazed into one another‟s eyes enraptured, the world knew that it was just a matter of time before their match became official.

By now, Philip had become a British citizen and changed his name to Mountbatten. And on July 10, 1947, he presented the Princess with an engagement ring which he had designed himself after the London jeweler, Antrobus had dismantled the diamond tiara once belonging to Philip‟s mother, Princess Alice, then set eleven of the diamonds into a platinum band, along with a central solitaire stone of three carats and five smaller stones on each shoulder.

Prince Philip of Greece, now the Duke of However, that happiness was shattered when, in Edinburgh, married Princess Elizabeth on 20th 1952, King George died suddenly, aged only 56. November, 1947 at Westminster Abbey. Princess Elizabeth was now Queen of England, Ten embroiderers and twenty-five needlewomen and Philip her consort. labored for two months to make her wedding dress, sewing it with one hundred miles of silk “They‟d hoped for more years of freedom,” thread, and hand embroidered it with 10,000 explained Lady Penn, the Queen‟s lifelong pearls and crystals sewn in a floral design, with a friend and the widow of Sir Eric Penn, who was fifteen foot train made from transparent ivory the Queen‟s Comptroller, who added, “But when silk and tulle. she had to step straight into the position of Queen, Philip was marvelous about it.” A glorious and serene bride, Princess Elizabeth married her Prince Charming and together, they “He knew from that moment that he would have looked forward to a life filled with harmony and to keep one step behind her in public, but it happiness. didn‟t change their marriage.”

“They were deeply in love,” said Lord Charteris “When the door is closed on the outside world, of Amsfield, who became Princess Elizabeth‟s he is very much head of the family, which is as it private secretary in 1950. “They were young, should be.” newly wed, they could lead a relatively private life. As a naval officer Prince Philip was ding a “In their own private world, they‟re an ordinary job he loved, the Princess was living as a naval married couple like millions of others.” wife. It was a very happy time for them.” And although Elizabeth is Queen of England and Prince Charles was born in 1948, Princess Ann, Philip, technically her subject, in a private just two years later, and their happiness was setting, he has no hesitation whatsoever about complete. demonstrating his dominance over her.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Still a fast driver, even now, on one occasion at “She wears the crown, he wears the trousers,” Sandringham, he was driving the Queen, but far Gyles Brandreth observed. “She doesn‟t really too fast for her liking. feel safe except with the Duke of Edinburgh.

However, when she asked him to slow down, he In all the intervening years since their very first snapped, “One more peep out of you and you can meeting, 72 years ago, Prince Philip has been the walk the rest of the way!” Then he revved up the Queen‟s rock, her lode star, and her best friend. motor and drove faster. And even though he, himself, has confessed, “I‟m a pragmatist,” the Queen knows that “Prince Philip is the only man in the world who underneath his bluff and cantankerous exterior, treats the Queen simply as another human being” Prince Philip is warm, loving and devoted to her. said Lord Charteris, her private secretary for five years until 1977. As they approach the twilight of her lives, the Queen and Prince Philip remain more in love “He‟s the only man who can. I believe she than ever. Their romance endures undimmed, values that. And, of course, it‟s not unknown for and they still share a bed together. Even after all the Queen to say, these years, there‟s still a glint in the Queen’s eyes whenever she looks at Philip, her Prince “Philip, do shut up!” Because she is Queen, that charming. is not something she can say to anyone else.”

Government Initiatives IQ

QUEEN AT 85 Elizabeth II's wedding

How they met Princess Elizabeth, born 21 April 1926, was the first child of Albert, Duke of York, and his wife, formerly Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.

The abdication of her uncle, Edward VIII, in December 1936 meant her father became king and she became heir.

Elizabeth was educated at home. In 1940, she and her sister Margaret were evacuated to Windsor Castle to escape the Blitz. Their parents remained at London's Buckingham Palace - a promise made to the nation at the start of World War II.

Philip Mountbatten was born 10 June 1921 on the Greek island of Corfu, the youngest child and only son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Alice of Battenberg. His early years 14 were spent in France, but he came to England in 1928.

He attended Gordonstoun boarding school in Scotland, after which he joined the Royal Navy and saw active service in WWII.

Elizabeth and Philip were distant cousins, and first met at a wedding in 1934. After meeting again in 1939, they began to exchange letters. The pair became secretly engaged in 1946, but the formal engagement was delayed until Elizabeth turned 21 in April 1947. The wedding day Elizabeth and Philip were married at Westminster Abbey on 20 November 1947, in front of 2,000 invited guests. The ceremony was broadcast on radio, to 200 million listeners worldwide.

The wedding dress was designed by Norman Hartnell - a duchesse satin bridal gown with motifs of star lilies and orange blossoms. Princess Elizabeth had to use ration coupons to obtain the material.

More than 2,500 wedding presents arrived from around the world, and 10,000 telegrams of congratulations.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

15

The couple went to Buckingham Palace after the For decades, the Queen has been performing ceremony where they waved from the balcony to public duties including ceremonies, receptions large crowds. They spent their wedding night in and visits. She has also supported numerous Broadlands, Hampshire, the home of Philip's charities, and encouraged public and voluntary uncle, Earl Mountbatten. The rest of their service. Weekly audiences with prime ministers honeymoon was spent at Birkhall on the have been held throughout her reign. Balmoral Estate. The Duke of Edinburgh abandoned his Royal Life after the wedding Navy ambitions in order to take on more public duties and support the Queen. In 1956 he The couple's first child, Prince Charles, was born launched the Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme. in 1948 and Princess Anne arrived in 1950. Prince Philip has earned a reputation for speaking his mind, which has sometimes landed In February 1952, King George VI died and him in trouble. Prince William said in 2004 that Elizabeth, his daughter, immediately became his grandfather "will tell me something I don't Queen. In June 1953, her coronation was held at want to hear and doesn't care if I get upset about Westminster Abbey, televised by the BBC to a it. He knows it is the right thing to say". worldwide audience of millions. In 2007 the Queen became the first British Prince Andrew was born in 1960, and four years monarch later came Prince Edward.

Government Initiatives IQ Ϩˊ͈ljƴ
͈Ɂlj
ϩˊ̌ʋƴn̤
ʋljŤƴɑʪȤ
͈ˊͬ̌
ˊ˺lǰŤ͈ˊ̌
Ǹˊ̌
˫˫
ϴljŤ̤̌
ɑʪ
Ť
̌ˊϩ
q
ϩϩϩʁͬˊʪɑƟˊͬʁ

5SBWFM
FYQFSUT
TJODF
 "MM
PG
PVS
LOPXMFEHF
BOE
FYQFSJFODF
XJOT
VT
BXBSET
*NQPSUBOU
POFT
,VPOJ
IBT
CFFO
WPUFE
UIF
8PSMEnT
-FBEJOH
5PVS
0QFSBUPS
GPS

ZFBST
JO
B
SPX
BOE
IBT
B
GBOUBTUJD
SFQVUBUJPO
GPS
TFSWJDF
GSPN
UIF
NPNFOU
ZPV
CPPL
UP
UIF
UJNF
ZPV
SFUVSO
IPNF
5IJT
ZFBS
XJUI
ZPVS
IPMJEBZ
XFnMM
TIPX
ZPV
XIZ Q UEEN AT 85

G overnment Initiatives IQ 3 QUEEN AT 85 Balcony Kisses Seal Royal Wedding

Prince William and Kate Middleton kiss on Following a long tradition, the ring has been 18 the balcony of Buckingham Palace. fashioned from Welsh gold given to Prince William by the Queen. After the couple said their Prince William and Kate Middleton have kissed vows - in which the bride did not promise to twice on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after obey her husband - the Archbishop of their wedding service in Westminster Abbey. Canterbury, the Most Reverend Dr Rowan Williams, declared: "I pronounce that they be They were cheered by 500,000 well-wishers who man and wife together, in the name of the Father, gathered outside the palace, as RAF planes flew and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen." past in honour of the new royal couple. They spent a private moment together with their In the evening the pair returned to the Palace for families, as they signed the marriage register. a dinner and dance, expected to continue into the Prince William has been given the title of the early hours. Duke of Cambridge by the Queen, and Miss Middleton has become Her Royal Highness the The couple will now be known as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on their marriage. Duchess of Cambridge. Police estimate a million people lined the procession route from the abbey The duchess, who managed to keep her wedding to the palace following the wedding. dress a secret, wore an ivory and lace gown by Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen. The prince Prince William later drove his new bride back to wore the red tunic of an Irish Guards colonel - Clarence House, following a buffet reception at his most senior honorary appointment. Buckingham Palace, at the wheel of his father's classic blue Aston Martin, before returning to the The excitement, which had been building palace in the evening. The vehicle was decked in throughout the morning, peaked at about 1330 ribbons and balloons with "Just Wed" on the BST when the prince kissed his new bride. The number plate. crowd, decked in union jacks, tiaras, and fascinators, reacted with deafening cheers and Prince Charles is hosting an evening reception at demands for more. Buckingham Palace. The church service, watched by 1,900 guests, ran smoothly but the Much neck-craning was required for the best prince did struggle to place the wedding ring on view of the spectacle, which was obscured by a the duchess's finger. sea of cameras, periscopes and flags.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Some people had tears in their eyes as they across TV, radio and online, in the UK and watched the fly-past, with "amazing" a common around the world response when asked about the day's events. • 5,000 police officers were on duty, with more As one American spectator put it, "No-one does than 900 along the wedding route pageantry like the British - you can't help being infected by the energy and emotion." • Police made 55 arrests in and outside the security zone and questioned masked protesters Among the guests at Westminster Abbey were in central London. singer-songwriter Sir Elton John and his partner David Furnish, former England rugby coach Sir • About two square miles of central London were Clive Woodward, and former England football closed to traffic. captain David Beckham and his wife Victoria. • A yellow RAF Sea King rescue helicopter flew Actor Rowan Atkinson, a close friend of Prince over The Mall as the couple drove to Clarence Charles, Prince Harry's friend Chelsy Davy and House. It was a surprise for the groom, a search film director Guy Ritchie were also there. and rescue helicopter pilot.

UK Prime Minister David Cameron and his wife Royal officials said the couple were involved in Samantha, Australian prime minister Julia planning their wedding day, from the music at Gillard and former British PM Sir John Major the ceremony to the flowers and the cake. were among the politicians present. Inside Westminster Abbey, an avenue of trees For those lining the route, large speakers lined the red carpet leading up to the altar. The broadcast the wedding service, and hundreds of bride walked up the aisle to coronation anthem I millions of people were estimated to watch the Was Glad, by Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, proceedings worldwide on television. from Psalm 122. Her brother James Middleton gave the Lesson, reading Romans 12: 1-2, 9-18. 19 • According to a lip-reading expert, Prince William told his bride she looked "beautiful" as Classical compositions by Elgar, Britten and she joined him at the altar and joked to his Vaughan Williams featured during the ceremony, father-in-law Michael: "We're supposed to have alongside the hymn Jerusalem and the English just a small family affair" melody Greensleeves.

• The fly-past at Buckingham Palace involved A canapé reception was held for 650 guests at Lancaster, Spitfire and Hurricane aircraft from Buckingham Palace in the afternoon. Later, the RAF's Battle of Britain Memorial Flight about 300 close friends and relatives were invited to a dinner and disco, hosted by Prince • Out of the 1,900 guests at the Abbey, 1,000 Charles. were friends and family, who were given some of the best seats in the house. The others included The couple changed outfits for the event - Prince overseas royals, politicians, military personnel William was in black tie while his bride wore a and representatives of various faiths and charities strapless white satin gazar evening gown with diamante embroidered detail round the waist, by • After the service, the newly-weds travelled in the same designer, Sarah Burton. an open-topped carriage for the 15-minute journey from Westminster Abbey to Buckingham But the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh left Palace, past London landmarks, including the for a weekend away after hosting the lunchtime Houses of Parliament, Big Ben and Horse reception. Guards Parade They will miss Prince Harry's best man speech • More than 1,000 military personnel and and Michael Middleton's father of the bride musicians lined the procession route address.

• Thousands of street parties were held around Despite predictions of showers, the weather the UK, and big screens were put up in many stayed dry for the royal couple. Temperatures in towns and cities. The BBC has been bringing London reached around 18C (64.4F) at 2pm. viewers and listeners comprehensive coverage

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Role of the Sovereign

The British Sovereign can be seen as having These roles are performed through different two roles: Head of State, and 'Head of the types of engagement. Nation'. By means of regular visits through every part of As Head of State, The Queen undertakes the United Kingdom, The Queen is able to act as constitutional and representational duties which a focus for national unity and identity. have developed over one thousand years of history. Through her engagements and walkabouts, The There are inward duties, with The Queen playing Queen is able to meet people from every walk of a part in State functions in Britain. Parliament life. The Queen's unifying role as Sovereign is must be opened, Orders in Council have to be also shown in her special relationships with the approved, Acts of Parliament must be signed, devolved assemblies in Scotland and Wales. and meetings with the Prime Minister must be held. In addition, at times of national celebration or There are also outward duties of State, when The tragedy, The Queen publicly represents the Queen represents Britain to the rest of the world. nation's mood - for example, at annual For example, The Queen receives foreign commemoration of the war dead on ambassadors and high commissioners, entertains visiting Heads of State, and makes State visits Remembrance Sunday, or at celebrations for a overseas to other countries, in support of national sporting victory. diplomatic and economic relations. 20 The Queen also has an essential role in providing As 'Head of Nation', The Queen's role is less a sense of stability and continuity in times of formal, but no less important for the social and political and social change. The system of cultural functions it fulfils. constitutional monarchy bridges the discontinuity of party politics. These include: providing a focus for national identity, unity and pride; giving a sense of While political parties change constantly, the stability and continuity; recognising success, Sovereign continues as Head of State, providing achievement and excellence; and supporting a stable framework within which a government service to others, particularly through public can introduce wide-ranging reforms. service and the voluntary sector. With more than five decades of reading State papers, meeting Heads of State and ambassadors

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

21

and holding a weekly audience with the Prime She also hosts garden parties to which guests Minister, The Queen has an unequalled store of from all backgrounds are invited, most of whom experience upon which successive Prime are nominated by charities or public sector Ministers have been able to draw. organisations for their service to their communities. The Queen is able to recognise success and achievement in a personal way. These include And in the thousands of messages sent by The honours, awards, visits, patronage and Queen each year to people celebrating their sponsorship. At Investitures, for example, The 100th birthdays or diamond weddings, The Queen honours individuals for public service or Queen is able to give special and personal outstanding achievement. recognition of remarkable individuals.

The Queen's role is to: The Queen also supports service to others, Perform the ceremonial and official duties of through close relationships with the voluntary Head of State, including representing Britain to and charitable sector. About 3,000 organisations the rest of the world; list a member of the Royal Family as patron or president. The Queen has over 600 patronages Provide a focus for national identity and unity; and The Duke of Edinburgh over 700. Provide stability and continuity in times of change; In all these roles, The Queen is supported by members of the Royal Family, who carry out Recognise achievement and excellence; many of the engagements which The Queen cannot undertake in person. Encourage public and voluntary service.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Queen and the UK

The Queen is Head of State in the United homecoming, including the presentation of Kingdom. As a constitutional monarch, Her operational service medals. Majesty does not 'rule' the country, but fulfils important ceremonial and formal roles with Additional honours such as bravery awards, respect to Government. She is also Fount of which are recommended by the Ministry of Justice, Head of the Armed Forces and has Defence, are presented by The Queen at important relationships with the established Investiture ceremonies. Churches of England and Scotland. Read more about The Queen's State roles in the UK Each year, there are also a number of visits to and Crown dependencies in this section. fields of operation, during which members of the Royal Family meet service personnel from each Queen and the Armed of the Armed Forces and are briefed on operations.

Forces From December 2007 to February 2008, Prince In their honorary roles within the Armed Forces, Harry completed more than two months active members of the Royal Family carry out regular service with the British Army. visits related to operations in Afghanistan and, formerly, in Iraq. Royal visits to Afghanistan and Iraq are listed below. Visits are not confirmed in advance for Many of these take place in the UK, such as security reasons: attendance at repatriation ceremonies and 22 Services of Commemoration and Thanksgiving. 08 December 2004 - The Prince of Wales visited military personnel in Iraq Members of the Royal Family regularly visit 20 August 2005 - The Duke of York visited troops before they are deployed to Afghanistan, military personnel in Iraq and this is often followed by a visit to families 5 - 7 February 2006 - The Duke of Kent visited during the deployment, and events marking the military personnel in Iraq

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

11-12 September 2006 - The Duke of Gloucester 7 June 2008 - The Duke of York visited military visited military personnel in Iraq. personnel in Afghanistan 2-5 October 2006 - The Princess Royal, 2-3 October 2008 - The Duke of Gloucester accompanied by Admiral Timothy Laurence, visited military personnel in Afghanistan visited military personnel in Afghanistan 4-6 October 2008 - The Duke of Kent, visited 22 October 2006 - The Duke of Edinburgh military personnel in Iraq visited military personnel in Iraq 27-28 October 2008 - The Duke of Gloucester 13 March 2007 - The Duke of York visited visited military personnel in Iraq military personnel in Iraq 13 December 2008 - The Duchess of Gloucester 3-7 June 2007 - The Duke of Gloucester visited visited military personnel in Iraq military personnel in Afghanistan 8-9 September 2009 - The Earl of Wessex visited December 2007 - February 2008 Prince Harry on military personnel in Afghanistan active service in Afghanistan 17-18 December 2009 - The Duke of York 11-12 January 2008 - The Duke of Kent visited visited British troops in Afghanistan military personnel in Afghanistan 1 March 2010 - The Princess Royal, 13-14 January 2008 - The Duke of Kent visited accompanied by Admiral Timothy Laurence, military personnel in Iraq visited military personnel in Afghanistan 27-28 April 2008 - Prince William visited RAF 25 March 2010 - The Prince of Wales visited personnel in Afghanistan British troops in Afghanistan

Government Initiatives IQ

7KH5R\DO%ULWLVK/HJLRQ77KKH55RRR\\DO %UULLWLLVVK /HHJJLRQ LVKRQRXUHGWRZLVKLWVLLVVKRQRXUUHHG WR ZLLVVK LWV 3DWURQ+HU0DMHVW\7KH4XHHQ33DDWUURRQ++HHU 0DDMMMHHVWW\\ 77KKH 44XXHHQ  DYHU\KDSS\DYHUU\\ KDDSSSSSS\\  WK%LUWKGD\WK%LLUUUWWKGGDDD\\

ZZZEULWLVKOHJLRQRUJXN QUEEN AT 85 The Queen and the Commonwealth

From Australia to Antigua, Canada to Cameroon, the Commonwealth is a remarkable international organisation, spanning every geographical region, religion and culture. It exists to foster international co-operation and trade links between people all over the world. The Queen is Head of State of 15 Commonwealth realms in addition to the UK. She is also Head of the Commonwealth itself, a voluntary association of 53 independent countries. Find out more about the Commonwealth in this section. About the Commonwealth After 60 years of its existence, the Commonwealth is a remarkable organisation which remains a major force for change in the 26 world today. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 53 independent countries, almost all of which were formerly under British rule.

The origins of the Commonwealth come from Britain's former Empire. Many of the members of the Commonwealth were territories which had historically come under British rule at various times by settlement, conquest or cession. The administration of such colonies evolved in different ways, to reflect the different circumstances of each territory.

After achieving independence, India was the first of a number of countries which decided that, although they wished to become republics, they still wanted to remain within the Commonwealth.

To reconcile these aims, the 1949 London Declaration recognised King George VI as Head of the Commonwealth. Following his death, the Commonwealth leaders recognised Queen Elizabeth II in that capacity. The Queen's role in the Commonwealth This is an important symbolic and unifying role. As Head, The Queen personally reinforces the links by which the Commonwealth joins people together from around the world.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

One of the ways of strengthening these connections Since 1977, Commonwealth Day has been is through regular Commonwealth visits. celebrated throughout the Commonwealth on the second Monday in March. During her reign, The Queen has visited every country in the Commonwealth (with the The Queen attends an inter-denominational exception of Cameroon, which joined in 1995) service held in Westminster Abbey, followed by and made many repeat visits. a reception hosted by the Commonwealth Secretary General. One third of The Queen's total overseas visits are Modern communications technology allows The to Commonwealth countries. Queen to speak to every part of the Commonwealth through her annual Christmas The Duke of Edinburgh, The Prince of Wales and and Commonwealth Day messages. other members of the Royal Family are also regular visitors to the Commonwealth. Both messages are delivered by The Queen as Head of the Commonwealth to the peoples of the The Queen keeps in touch with Commonwealth Commonwealth as a whole. They are unique in developments through regular contact with the that they are delivered on The Queen's own Commonwealth Secretary General and his responsibility, drafted without ministerial advice. Secretariat. Every two years a meeting of the Commonwealth This is the Commonwealth's central organisation. Heads of Government (CHOGM) is held, at Based in London, it co-ordinates many locations throughout the Commonwealth. Commonwealth activities. Her Majesty also has regular meetings with Heads of Government The Queen is normally present in the host country, from Commonwealth countries. during which she has a series of private meetings with the Commonwealth countries' leaders. Each year, The Queen attends the Commonwealth Day celebrations in London.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Commonwealth Games are a major sporting Country Date Status occasion which brings together young people Antigua and Barbuda 1981 Realm from all over the world in friendly competition. Australia 1931 Realm The Queen often attends the Commonwealth Games The Bahamas 1973 Realm to open or close them - most recently, the 2006 Bangladesh 1972 Republic Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia. Barbados 1966 Realm Belize 1981 Realm In all these different ways The Queen, though Botswana 1966 Republic not part of the machinery of government in the Brunei 1984 Monarchy Commonwealth, acts as a personal link and Cameroon 1995 Republic Canada 1931 Realm human symbol of the Commonwealth as an Cyprus 1961 Republic international organisation. Dominica 1978 Republic The Gambia 1965 Republic Instead of the Royal standard, The Queen uses Ghana 1957 Republic special flags when she visits the Commonwealth. Grenada 1974 Realm Guyana 1966 Republic She has a personal flag - an initial E and crown India 1947 Republic within a chaplet of roses - for use at Jamaica 1962 Realm Commonwealth meetings. Kenya 1963 Republic Kiribati 1979 Republic In realms such as Canada, Australia and New Lesotho 1966 Monarchy Zealand, The Queen uses a different standard for Malawi 1964 Republic each individual country. Malaysia 1957 Monarchy The Maldives 1982 Republic Commonwealth Malta 1964 Republic Mauritius 1968 Republic Members Mozambi que 1995 Republic 28 There are 54 member countries of the Namibia 1990 Republic Commonwealth. These are listed below, with the Nauru 1968 Republic years in which they joined the Commonwealth. New Zealand 1931 Realm Also listed is their constitutional status. 'Realm' Nigeria 1960 Republic indicates a Commonwealth country which has Pakistan 1947 Republic The Queen as Sovereign, while 'monarchy' Papua New Guinea 1975 Realm Rwanda 2009 Republic indicates a Commonwealth country which has its St. Christopher and Nevis 1983 Realm own monarch as Head of State. St. Lucia 1979 Realm St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Realm Nauru is a Special Member which does not Samoa 1970 Republic attend meetings of Commonwealth Heads of Seychelles 1976 Republic Government. Sierra Leone 1961 Republic Singapore 1965 Republic Since membership of the Commonwealth is Solomon Islands 1978 Realm entirely voluntary, any member can withdraw at South Africa 1931 Republic any time. Sri Lanka 1948 Republic Swaziland 1968 Monarchy The Republic of Ireland did so in 1949, as did Tanzania 1961 Republic Zimbabwe in 2003. Tonga 1970 Monarchy Trinidad and Tobago 1962 Republic The largest member of the Commonwealth is Tuvalu 1978 Realm Canada, at nearly 10 million square kilometres. United Kingdom Realm The most populous Commonwealth country is Uganda 1962 Republic India, with nearly 1.1 billion people. Vanuatu 1980 Republic Zambia 1964 Republic

The smallest member is Nauru, with only 13,000 The largest member of the Commonwealth is Canada, inhabitants. at nearly 10 million square kilometres. The most populous Commonwealth country is India, The Commonwealth also includes the world's with nearly 1.1 billion people. driest and most sparsely populated country: The smallest member is Nauru, with only 13,000 inhabitants.

Namibia. The Commonwealth also includes the world's driest and most sparsely populated country: Namibia.

Government Initiatives IQ To the House of Windsor from

Your Majesty, we wish you many happ y re turns on your 85th Birt hday.

From the heart of historic Bath. House of Bath has established itself as one of the leading homewares catalogues in the UK, providing a premium shopping experience of unique and innovative products for your home and garden. Making your home your castle. Since we were founded in 1998, we have established a commitment to excellence providing customer service and products that exceed expectation.

www.houseofbath.co.uk 0871 984 8629 Lines are open 7am-10pm - 7 days a week. Calls cost 10p per minute from BT landline* +DUWOHSRRO&ROOHJH RI)XUWKHU(GXFDWLRQ

7R+HU0DMHVW\4XHHQ(OL]DEHWK,, RQWKHRFFDVLRQRIKHUWKELUWKGD\ YHU\EHVWZLVKHVIURPWKHVWXGHQWV VWDIIJRYHUQRUVDQGSDUWQHUV RI+DUWOHSRRO&ROOHJH

([FHOOHQFHLQ)XUWKHUDQG+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQ

_ZZZKDUWOHSRROIHDFXN QUEEN AT 85

The Queen and Religion

Modern Britain is a multi-cultural, multi-faith ews, Sikhs society, made up of Christians, Muslims, th is also Hindus, Jews, Sikhs and people of other s beliefs. faiths. The Commonwealth is also made up of peoples with different religious beliefs. Head of e these The Queen's role as Head of State and Head of ance and Commonwealth is to respect and recognise these religions. various faiths, and to promote tolerance and understanding between people of different stmas and religions. ve often nce. In her This is reflected in The Queen's Christmas and he Queen Commonwealth broadcast speeches, which have atter what often addressed the theme of religious tolerance. In her Christmas Message in 2004, for example, The Queen remarked: "Everyone is our ths are neighbour, no matter what race, creed or colour." asions with weddings, Members of different denominations faiths are represented at major Royal ceremonial occasions with a religious dimension - for example, nts which 31 weddings, funerals and services of thanksgiving. s and faiths Buckingham The Queen has also hosted a number of events in 2002. which bring representatives of all denominations and faiths together - for example, a reception at ch of Buckingham Palace for leaders of different en has religions in 2002. Christian hi d Although Supreme Governor of the Church of In 2008 The Queen visited the Green Mosque England, throughout her reign The Queen has during a State visit to Turkey. recognised other denominations within the Christian faith, attending various ecumenical The Prince of Wales has long called for an gatherings and services. acknowledgement of the strengths of other religious traditions, and for greater mutual During the course of her visits throughout the understanding amongst the adherents of the UK and overseas, The Queen has visited the world's different faiths. places of worship of many different faiths, meeting religious leaders and worshippers. The Prince's efforts to foster a greater understanding between Islam and the West have In 2002 The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh attracted particular attention. His Royal Highness visited Highgate Hill Murugan Hindu Temple in has been Patron of the Oxford Centre for Islamic North London. In the same year The Queen met Studies since 1993. worshippers at a community mosque in Scunthorpe. The Prince of Wales has also demonstrated his respect for the other faiths by visiting their holy In 2006 The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh places and places of worship, including the Sri attended a reception to mark the 350th Guru Singh Sabha Gurdwara Sikh Temple in anniversary of the Jewish Community in Great Southall opened in June 2003 and the Bevis Britain at St James's Palace, London. Marks synagogue in central London.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Royal British Legion

Queen Elizabeth II is a patron of The Royal evolve. The current number of potential British Legion who celebrates its 90th beneficiaries for our Poppy Support services is Anniversary. estimated at 9.5 million. The mission of The Royal British Legion is to reach out to the The Royal British Legion is a UK charity that 500,000 who we believe are in the greatest need. has been helping Service people past and present for 90 years, and although their needs have During the last few years, the Legion has changed over that time the need for our work is introduced new services and extended the reach as vital as ever. of existing ones. We spend over £1.2 million a week on our welfare work and as a result, we can The Legion was founded in 1921 as a voice for help around 100,000 people each year. People the ex-Service community and over 380,000 like Lance Corporal Peter Dunning who featured members continue to ensure that this voice does in one of our 2009 Poppy Appeal posters and not go unheard. Gunner Mark Stonelake who featured in the 2010 Poppy Appeal campaign. We're committed to the welfare, interests and memory of the Service family - those who we Here are some other examples of how we make a feel have made a unique commitment to their difference to those in the Armed Forces family. country and deserve to be rewarded for that with long term care. Simon Brown Simon Brown was shot in the face by a sniper in 32 We are probably best-known for our role as the Basra in December 2006. This has left him nation's custodian of Remembrance and for the virtually blind, with only 15% vision in his right eye. Poppy Appeal, our annual fundraising campaign. But the Legion is not just about poppies in Simon cites the support of The Royal British November, but caring for people all year round. Legion as a major factor in his recovery process, in particular having local Legion representatives Our welfare work continues to expand and in Leeds come to visit him. diversify as the welfare needs of the population

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Hester Wright Board of Trustees Hester Wright, 22, lost her husband, Drummer National Chairman Mr John Farmer Damian Wright in an improvised explosion in National Vice Chairman Mr John Crisford Afghanistan in 2007, and has been assisted Executive Group Director General Chris Simpkins financially by the Legion. Director of Finance (Deputy DG) John Graham Director Welfare Sue Freeth Hester was one of the first to receive the Commercial Director Stephen Cooper Elizabeth Cross, which honours relatives of Director of National Events & Fundraising Russell Thompson OBE those who have been killed on active service, Director of Corporate Communications Stuart Gendall and she helped launch the Legion's Poppy Director of Human Resources Sharron Lewis-James Head of Governance & Administration Allan Burgin Appeal in 2009. "Nothing can replace Damian, but knowing the Women's Section National Secretary Anthony Beattie Legion is there to offer comfort and support has been a great help. I don't know what I would 90 years of The Royal have done without their assistance. You don't British Legion expect to lose your husband at 20 and be left as a single mum. The Legion has helped me to come The Royal British Legion celebrates its 90th to terms with Damian's death." anniversary in 2011. As we remember our fine history we are also laying the groundwork for Who we are our next 90 years and beyond, ensuring we're just as relevant to our Armed Forces community The Royal British Legion is governed by a Board as we were in 1921. of Trustees consisting of the National Chairman, National Vice Chairman, twelve elected Trustees, Over this year, we aim to raise £90 million, £1 six appointed Trustees and the National million for every year of our existence. But we Chairman Women’s Section. Elections and also want to celebrate. There are lots of ways to appointments are staggered over a three year join the celebrations and to help us reach our target. cycle to allow an intake of new Trustees every year. 33

The Board exercises responsibility for the overall The Royal British Legion's Head Office is strategic direction, governance and management located at: of the Legion, ensuring that the charity operates 199 Borough High Street within the law and within its objectives as laid London SE1 1AA down in the Royal Charter. Tel: 020 3207 2100

The Board delegates responsibility for the day- ave Her to-day running of the Legion to the Executive ing royal Group, led by the Director General, within a clearly defined decision-making and reporting Legion structure. its golden Patron and National President Legion is The Royal British Legion is honoured to have MC Her Majesty the Queen as its patron. While having royal patronage from its founding in 1921, the Legion received its "Royal" appellation in 1971 on its golden anniversary. sident of on. The National President of The Royal British Legion is Lieutenant General Sir John Kiszely KCB MC, appointed in early 2009.

Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal is president of the Women's Section of The Royal British Legion.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Queen and Animals

y Though the Corgi is the animal most famously narchy has associated with The Queen, the British for centuries. Monarchy has kept a variety of pets and working animals for centuries. residences blic events Her Majesty is often accompanied to her bers of the residences across the UK and even occasionally and some to public events by her Corgis and Dorgis, whilst ivately and other members of the Royal Family also have s of the their own animals and some take part in equestrian n some way. sports both privately and professionally. Almost all working members of the family are involved with animal charities in some way. sarean having outlived the king, he walked behind His In an official capacity, working horses are an Majesty’s coffin in the funeral procession. important part of the day-to-day life of the Royal Household. They transport Ambassadors to their The current Queen is, of course, associated with audiences at Buckingham Palace, and carry the Corgi. The breed was introduced to the Royal Royal passengers and visiting Heads of State on Family by her father, King George VI, in 1933 occasions such as State Visits, Trooping the when he bought a Corgi called Dookie from a Colour and the State Opening of Parliament. local kennels. The animal proved popular with 34 his daughters and was described as Perhaps less well-known, over the years the ‘unquestionably the character of the Princesses’ Royal Family has received a number of unusual delightful canine family’ and ‘a born animals as gifts from around the world, from sentimentalist’. A second Corgi was acquired giraffes to turtles, cheetahs to sloths. These are called Jane who had puppies, two of which, not kept by the Royal Household but are instead Crackers and Carol, were kept. given to zoos or wildlife sanctuaries where they can be properly cared for. For her eighteenth birthday, The Queen was given a Corgi named Susan from whom Family pets numerous successive dogs were bred. Some Corgis were mated with dachsunds (most notably Over the years, the Royal Family seem to have Pipkin, who belonged to Princess Margaret) to embraced dogs as their favoured pets. Formal create ‘Dorgis’. portraits from the 17th century onwards show kings, queens and their children happily posing At present, The Queen owns four Corgis: Linnet, with their beloved animals, from pugs to Monty, Willow and Holly and three Dorgis: greyhounds, King Charles Spaniels to Corgis. Cider, Candy and Vulcan.

Some pets have even merited their own portraits, The Queen’s corgis travel with her to the various and, as in many households, were considered residences, with Her Majesty looking after them very much members of the family. When Queen herself as much as possible given her busy Victoria’s beloved Collie, Noble, died at schedule. Balmoral in 1887, he was buried in the grounds of the castle and given his own gravestone, Other members of the Royal Family own dogs of which read: various breeds. The Duchess of Cornwall owns 'Noble by name by nature noble too two Jack Russell terriers, Tosca and Rosie. Faithful companion sympathetic true His remains are interred here' Racing-Royal Ascot Appropriately known as ‘the Sport of Kings’, A terrier named Caesar belonging to King racing has long been popular amongst members Edward VII was given even greater status when, of the Royal Family.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

In fact, Queen Victoria is said to have become so Hampshire where yearlings are kept before they excited whilst watching a race at Ascot that she are sent into training. broke the window of the Royal box in a rush to see the finish! The Queen has been responsible for a number of major winners in the past 50 years including Pall Mall, There is evidence that Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, Almera and Canisbay. Currently, Her Majesty and Charles I all raced their own horses and the has approximately 25 horses in training each year. Royal Stud at Hampton Court has played an important part in the progress and promotion of Her Majesty is regularly seen at race meets in breeding and racing horses. both her private capacity as racehorse owner and breeder and in an official capacity at events One of the first Derby winners to come out of the which enjoy a Royal patronage, such as the Derby stud was Moses, who won in 1822 wearing the and Royal Ascot. Many of The Queen’s children colours of The Duke of York. Later that century, and grandchildren have inherited her interest in Springfield notched up 14 consecutive victories the sport and can also be seen at such events. in the Champion Stakes of 1877 whilst Sainford won the Derby. There were more winners in the Animal patronages first half of the 20th century before the Royal The Queen is Patron of over 30 animal charities Stud was reduced during the Second World War from the RSPCA to The Red Poll Cattle Society although George VI still managed to produce the and the Labrador Retriever Club. Many of the champion sire Aureole during this period. charities reflect Her Majesty’s personal interests: she is patron of The Royal Pigeon Racing The current Queen has ensured the ongoing Association and owns her own pigeons which success of the Royal Stud in post-war and recent are kept on the Sandringham Estate; her years with her enthusiasm for breeding and Patronage of the Royal Windsor Horse Show racing. She has been closely involved with the was a natural choice as the Royal Family have acquisition of new horses by the Stud and in been involved with the event since its inception 1956 chose to buy the successful brood-mare 35 and her involvement with the Thoroughbred Stroma at Doncaster. She also began the practice Breeders' Association is indicative of her private of sending her brood-mares to America to be interest in breeding and racing horses. covered and acquired the Polhampton Stud in

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Royal Patronage of the Performing Arts

Big dance and the University of East London groups and training schools across London dance for the Queen. including: Creative Academy, Middlesex University, London Contemporary Dance With one year to go to its 2012 programme, Big School, Havering Schools, The Turbelles and Dance was delighted to mark the occasion by Ultimate Dance NRG. celebrating Her Majesty The Queen’s and His 36 Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh’s Big Dance is London’s Legacy Trust UK patronage of the Performing Arts for young programme delivered by the Mayor of London, people in the United Kingdom with ‘The Big Arts Council England, Foundation for Dance Royal Flash Mob’ outside the gates of Community Dance and the Big Dance Hub Buckingham Palace this morning, Monday 9 Network, who are: East London Dance, English May 2011. National Ballet, Greenwich Dance, Sadler’s Wells, Siobhan Davies Dance. English National Big Dance is the world’s biggest celebration of Ballet is the Big Dance Hub for West London dance and dancing and will take place across the and has a long history of royal patronage. UK between 7-15 July 2012. It is part of London Festival 2012, the culmination of the Cultural The company will be performing extracts from Olympiad. Romeo and Juliet in The Ballroom at Buckingham Palace; which was opened in 1856 The Big Dance Royal Flash Mob choreography with a ball to celebrate the end of the Crimean was devised by Anna Buonomo with a sound War, given by Queen Victoria and the Prince mix provided by Michael Floyd of M.O. Consort at an evening reception.

Creatives Ltd as part of a 12-week Big Dance The Mayor of London Boris Johnson said: 'In module for 2nd year Dance: Urban Practice another amazing Big Dance first this was an students at University of East London. Using the exciting way to celebrate the Royal Family's theme of Romeo and Juliet as their inspiration, support for the Performing Arts. It also brings to the students explored romance through urban the fore the talented youngsters coming out of dance techniques starting from the steps of The our colleges who will help ensure London Queen Victoria Memorial. remains at the vanguard of dance and creativity.' at o , t e One of the objectives of the Big Dance module dance was for the students to research and develop the een Victoria production of a large scale site-specific piece of choreography suitable for a high impact Flash le was for Mob. Over 100 dancers took part with additional oduction of a dancers joining the performance from dance raphy suitable stookpart

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Royal involvement with charities

The practice of members of the Royal Family The Duchess of Cornwall is President of the lending their names to organisations through National Osteoporosis Society. formal patronages is thought to have existed Both her mother and grandmother died as a result since the 18th century. of the brittle bone disease.

The first recorded patronage was George II’s Princess Alexandra, who undertook a nursing involvement with the Society of Antiquaries, an course at Great Ormond Street Hospital after organisation concerned with architectural and art leaving school, is Patron of both the Princess history, conservation and heraldry. The society Mary’s Royal Air Force Nursing Service and still exists today and retains its Royal patronage Queen Alexandra’s Royal Naval Nursing Service. through The Duke of Gloucester’s involvement. Other organisations have enjoyed a long history Many of The Prince of Wales’s patronages stem of Royal association. from his passions for the environment and the arts, whilst Prince William’s involvement with the Centrepoint The Royal United Services Institute for Defence charity reflects his long-standing interest in and Security Studies has benefited from Royal homelessness and the people affected by it. involvement since the reign of William IV. The titles of various members of the Royal Today, The Queen is Patron of the charity and Family also dictate certain themes in their patronages. The Duke of Kent is its President. The Countess of Wessex is Patron of the regional The Queen is also Patron of the Mothers’ Union, charity, Wessex Hearbeat. The Duke of Kent is 37 a role which was first held by Queen Victoria in 1898. similarly involved with various Kent-based organisations, including the Kent County Members of the Royal Family are invited to become Agricultural Society. patrons by a wide range of charities and organisations. Occasionally, a member of the Royal Family will Between them, members of The Royal Family hear about a cause whilst on a visit, or via one of hold approximately 3,000 patronages of their other charities, and will decide to support it. charitable organisations. The Prince of Wales became a member of the The Queen’s patronages alone number around Society to save the Melmerby and Fellside Village 600, a large number of which were inherited Shop following a visit to the village in 2004. from her father, George VI, on her Accession. Patronages generally reflect the interests of the member of the Royal Family involved.

Government Initiatives IQ NOW AFTER 77 YEARS, PPL HAS For the performers and record companies who entrust GROWN INTO A MODERN SERVICE their rights to PPL, the income from these new distribution ORGANISATION, READY AND WILLING outlets is becoming increasingly valuable. Total income TO TACKLE THE GLOBAL LICENSING (including music videos which are licensed through VPL) now tops £150m. All the income generated, less the CHALLENGES OF THE MUSIC INDUSTRY actual costs of licensing and distribution, is distributed IN THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY. direct to the record companies and performers whose recordings have been played. PPL takes no profit for itself It all started in a café in Bristol, England in 1934, when and we are delighted that our already low cost to income dance musicians were replaced by vinyl records played ratio is decreasing. For most record companies and on a phonograph. Back then, PPL had just two members performers – featured artists, session musicians, orchestral – EMI and Decca. Now we have over 5,750 record players, backing vocalists and others – this revenue is companies and, following the merger with the principal an important income source. This significant additional performer societies in 2006, 46,000 performers. In income stream also helps the record industry to continue addition, our reach has extended to include international the essential investment in new recordings. repertoire and overseas royalties through 52 agreements with similar organisations around the world. Each week PPL receives electronic details of approximately 6,500 new recordings. This PPL licenses businesses playing music, from broadcasters information is now essential to almost every area of to nightclubs, from streaming services to sports studios, the music business. As well as underpinning PPL’s from internet radio to community radio. Licensees licensing and distribution operations, this data is also are able to obtain a single licence for the entire PPL passed on to PRS for Music for mechanical licensing, repertoire, a service which is seen as increasingly and to the BPI and IFPI for anti-piracy purposes. valuable for both rightsholders and users alike as consumption of music continues to grow. Broadcasters PPL HAS COME A LONG WAY IN ITS such as the BBC have commented that they simply HISTORY. NOW THE CHALLENGES ARE would not be able to use music at such a scale, across GLOBAL, DIGITAL AND DELIVERING AN ten TV channels, sixty radio stations, the iPlayer and numerous online services without a licence from PPL. The EVER BETTER SERVICE TO THE RECORD PPL licence is equally valuable to other users, such as COMPANIES AND PERFORMERS. PPL commercial radio stations, BT Vision, Virgin Media, LOOKS FORWARD TO A BRIGHT FUTURE. Last.fm and even the fifteen oil rigs that want to keep their oil workers entertained on their tours of duty. To find out more: 020 7534 1000 ppluk.com

STANDING UP FOR MUSIC RIGHTS. The Chairman, Directors and staff of Derwent London plc wish to congratulate Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her 85th birthday.

Derwent London plc is the largest central London focused real estate investment trust with an investment portfolio of £2.4 billion as at 31 December 2010. The Group is one of London’s most innovative offi ce specialist property regenerators and investors and is well-known for its established design-led philosophy and creative management approach to development.

In 2010 Derwent London came fi rst in the property sector in the awards for ‘Britain’s Most Admired Companies’.

Angel Building 407 St John Street EC1 QUEEN AT 85 The Queen and I

Elegant Helen Mirren comes face to face with Her Majesty.

She swore on BBC Breakfast television last month, insists she's nothing like the monarch and recently played an ageing pole dancer on an American comedy show.

But Dame Helen Mirren, who won an Oscar in 2007 for playing the Queen, was on her best behaviour when she came face to face with Her Majesty at Buckingham Palace last night at a reception to celebrate young people in the performing arts. She announced to the audience that 'I'd like to The light-hearted actress chose an elegant outfit say something for the record, although I played for the occasion, favouring a pale grey ruched the Queen I am nothing like her. dress that fell to just below the knee, a cardigan with lace panels at the elbows and a cream coat 'I may have been appointed Dame of the British with a silver strappy shoe. Empire, but I am not all scones and teacups, I'm more biscuits and D-cups.' 40 The pretender to the throne: Her Majesty meets Dame Helen Mirren who played her in The Queen. However, Dame Helen seemed positively demure as she smiled and chatted with guests. It was a far cry from the daring choice of Dolce & Gabbana leopard-print dress paired with a Despite fearing she would only get to play the leather biker jacket she wore to a premiere of her Queen in every comedy skit, the actress has only latest film, the remake of Arthur in April. met the Queen on one previous occasion.

The Queen, who wore a bright blue embroidered In 2007 Dame Helen turned down an invitation dress and strings of pearls, seemed to be to have tea with the Queen because of filming studying the woman who famously played her in commitments, but met Her Highness at Ascot the The Queen. following year.

At one point Her Majesty almost looked as if she The event was hosted by the Queen and Duke of were stealing a sideways glance at the actress Edinburgh and included a specially commissioned who had been given a prestigious Dame theatre performance in the Ballroom, inspired by Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Shakespeare's Romeo And Juliet. Critically-acclaimed: Dame Helen won an Oscar for her role as The Queen Dame Helen, 65, has a The Palace also organised university students to habit of being outspoken - last month she slipped take part in a royalty-inspired flashmob outside up on morning television and swore in a most the royal gates before the event. unladylike fashion when she was discussing John Gielgud's performance in the original Arthur film Other stars who met Her Majesty included actress and said 's***'. Sheila Hancock, singer Duffy, musician and television presenter Jools Holland and DJ Goldie And when she hosted Saturday Night Live in who all wore smart clothes for the occasion. April her chest was at the centre of one sketch on the long running U.S. comedy show, as SNL But one guest clearly felt comfortable enough to regulars all tried to grope her. take a casual approach to dressing; Glastonbury founder Michael Eavis turned up in trainers.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN QU ATEE 85N AT 85

Government Initiatives IQ Government Initiatives IQ 2 On behalf of the Royal Shakespeare Company we would like to congratulate Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on her 85th birthday this year.

2011 also marks the 50th anniversary of the RSC’s Royal Charter, and we are honoured to celebrate alongside our Patron Her Majesty.

The newly transformed Royal Shakespeare Theatre The Royal Shakespeare Company works to connect people with Shakespeare – responding to his plays through contemporary actors, artists, writers and theatre educators. Every year we perform to over 600,000 people in Stratford-upon-Avon, London, Newcastle upon Tyne, across the UK and overseas. Our commitment to collaboration and artistic enquiry is widening and deepening our relationships with audiences and with other artists, producing bold, progressive work that engages with the world we live in. In the last decade alone we have: Staged 11, 609 performances selling over 6.3 million tickets Generated over £100m in Box Office income Commissioned 186 new plays Raised £16m net income from revenue fundraising and membership schemes Worked with 250,000 children and young people through our education programmes Provided over 1million under 25 year olds with reduced price access to the work of the RSC Earned £16.4m from commercial income

Individuals, trusts and commercially as we enjoy Mark Pigott, CEO of PACCAR Dame Vivien Duffield’s companies have all artistically. Inc has supported the new generous support towards supported our recent capital events and exhibitions the capital campaign and campaign to transform The Gatsby Charitable space in the transformed our ongoing education our theatres in Stratford- Foundation and Royal Shakespeare Theatre, work has been recognised upon-Avon and have helped Lady Sainsbury of Turville named The PACCAR Room in in the naming of the Clore to develop pieces of new have shown unequalled his recognition. Learning Centre in Stratford, work, train artists in our generosity in their support a permanent home for Ensembles and introduce for the Transformation Dr Leonard Polonsky and our varied experiential young people throughout Project. We are honoured Dr Georgette Bennett are education programmes. the country to the work to have developed a strong key funders for our online of Shakespeare and live relationship with and digital provision, Stratford-upon-Avon Town theatre. Lady Sainsbury who played increasing accessibility Trust, The Foyle Foundation, such a pivotal role as to our work regardless of Charlotte Heber Percy, We are grateful to the Chair of the Project education or background. Sir Christopher Bland and Arts Council England for Committee. Our acting David Burbidge have all the annual grant that we ensembles and artist The Allan & Nesta Ferguson significantly contributed to receive underpinning our training are also generously Charitable Trust generously the transformation of the full body of work, and for supported by The Gatsby donated two major gifts Royal Shakespeare Theatre, their major contribution in Charitable Foundation. to the transformation of and we are immensely funding the transformation the Royal Shakespeare grateful for their major of our Stratford-upon-Avon The Weston Family’s Theatre, a building that the donations. theatres. In recognition commitment to the RSC late Elnora Ferguson loved of our economic role in extends back to the dearly. In 2012 we will be curating the region, Advantage formation of the Artist the World Shakespeare West Midlands have also Development Programme Mrs Drue Heinz has Festival throughout the generously supported the and also includes supported the work of country and BP Plc have capital campaign providing, the current theatre’s the Literary Department generously agreed to work along with ACE, the bedrock transformation. This for the last ten years, with us as the Founding of the funding. generous support has been enabling us to work with Presenting Partner, both recognised in the naming of a varied pool of both in the development of Since 2003, Accenture and The Weston Square, a new upcoming and established the programme and also the RSC have enjoyed a outside performance area writers from across the the creation of digital unique partnership. connecting the theatre to the world, recognising how performance space. As our “High Performance town. Shakespeare can inform and Business Partner”, enlighten new writing. We would like to take Accenture’s sponsorship Bruce and Suzie Kovner this opportunity to provides us with financial have supported each Abigail and Leslie H. express our gratitude support as well as long-term acting ensemble Wexner have supported to these individuals and pro bono consulting services since 2006, along with our first ever full ensemble organisations, and to thank that help us improve our the Artist Development residency in America and everyone who has donated business performance so Programme and the the RSC’s partnership in to the RSC and contributed that we achieve the same outreach training that we education with The Ohio to our work. unparalleled success offer throughout the country. State University. QUEEN AT 85

FennerFenner PLCPLC

Mark Abrahams, Chairman

Reasons to celebrate

In 1861 in the centre of Kingston upon Hull Joseph Henry Fenner started his business manufacturing leather belts for industry in the north of England. underground coal mines across the globe but led There is little chance that he imagined that either directly to Fenner becoming the largest heavy- the great-great-granddaughter of the current Queen, weight conveyor belting manufacturer in the world. Victoria, would be celebrating her 85th birthday after nearly 60 years on the throne or that Fenner In this anniversary year Fenner is a world leader in PLC would be a FTSE 250 company with over 80 reinforced polymer products employing more than factories and branches across the globe. 4,000 people worldwide with 850 based in the UK. With our headquarters just seven miles from the During the 1920’s, when the Queen was born, original location Fenner today comprises the Fenner was moving into coated, woven power following transmission belts that in the following decade led businesses: to endless rubber v-belts which became synonymous with the Fenner name. It was also x Fenner Dunlop Conveyor Belting is the during the 1930’s that Fenner became a public world’s largest manufacturer of heavyweight company and began to grow across the conveyor belting Commonwealth. x Fenner Drives designs and manufactures At the time of the Coronation in 1953, Fenner problem-solving power transmission, revolutionised mine safety with its development of conveying and motion transfer components inherently safe fire-resistant conveyor belting – Fenaplast. This product not only continues to be x Fenner Precision is a global leader for printing sold for use in and paper handling components

Joseph Henry Fenner Yorkshire Show 1904 Advertisement 1877

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Fenner Dunlop Conveyor Belting Fenner Drives Fenner Precision

x James Dawson manufactures advanced silicone Fenner’s progress would not have been possible and rubber hose and was a winner of the without the dedication and loyalty of our highly Queen’s Award for Enterprise in 2005 motivated, technically skilled and innovative people who are also the key to the future. x Prodesco develops highly specialised technical fabrics for the industrial and aerospace markets with Secant Medical leading in engineering innovative implantable textile components for Fenner is proud to celebrate its sesquicentennial in medical applications. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 85th year. x xeridiem Medical Devices designs and produces cutting-edge silicone-based devices for the medical industry.

x Fenner Advanced Sealing Technologies is an industry leader in the design, manufacture and

processing of precision, high quality, high performance fluid seals.

James Dawson hose Prodesco, Secant &Xeridiem Medical Devices Fenner Advanced Sealing Technologies

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Queen Celebrates Her 85th Birthday Trooping the Colour parade

The Trooping the Colour ceremony is the leading fashion icon, was dressed in an ivory monarch's official birthday parade but all jacket and an elaborate black hat and as she eyes were on the new Duke and Duchess travelled in the carriage. She had a tartan quilt playing prominent roles in the event for the over her knees, as did Camilla. first time. Among the guests were the Earl and Countess of Amid the splendour of the military display Wessex, their seven-year-old daughter Lady Prince William rode faultlessly on his grey Louise Mountbatten-Windsor, Princess Eugenie charger while the Duchess took her place with and Prime Minister David Cameron. other members of the royal family as a spectator. For decades the Queen has been the focus of the The precision marching by hundreds of ceremony staged every June in London's historic Guardsmen taking part was also enjoyed by their Horse Guards Parade in Whitehall. families and friends who watched from stands overlooking the parade ground. This year the event marked the 85th birthday of the Sovereign who has reigned over the country Prince William took part in the ceremony as he is 46 since 1952. now Colonel of the Irish Guards and wore the famous scarlet tunic of his new regiment and The Duchess reprised her Royal Wedding bearskin hat. carriage procession of less than six weeks ago riding in a horse drawn Barouche with Prince He rode the charger Wellesley aged only seven Harry – in his Blues and Royals uniform and but mature enough to take centre stage with the Army Air Corps blue beret – the Duchess of other prominent Household Division horses. Cornwall and the Duke of York. The Queen arrived in an Ivory Mounted Phaeton The group were cheered loudly by thousands of with the Duke of Edinburgh, who celebrated his well-wishers as they travelled from Buckingham 90th birthday yesterday and was dressed in Palace along The Mall and into Horse Guards uniform as Colonel of the Grenadier Guards. Parade. As she travelled in her carriage behind her on The Duchess, who is fast becoming the UK's horseback and wearing ceremonial military

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

uniform were the Prince of Wales, Colonel Welsh Prince William rides Guards, the Duke of Kent, Colonel Scots Guards, the Princess Royal, Colonel of the Household Cavalry's at Trooping the Blues and Royals and William in his new role. Colour parade

They were accompanied by a Sovereign's Escort The Duke of Cambridge rode on horseback in formed of soldiers from the Household Cavalry the parade. 47 Mounted Regiment in their shining breastplates and plumed helmets and the Mounted Bands of The Duke of Cambridge has helped the Queen the Household Cavalry. celebrate her official birthday by taking part in his first Trooping the Colour parade. The Monarch first took the royal salute in 1951, when she deputised for her ill father George VI, The Queen has more experience of Trooping the and has continued receiving the mark of respect Colour than anyone else on the parade ground every year except 1955 when there was a and inspected the guardsmen with a keen eye. national rail strike. The ceremony is also an important social The Queen's first duty was to inspect the long occasion for the Guardsmen taking part, and line of troops – wearing their famous red tunics gives their wives, girlfriends, and relatives the and bearskins – from four of the five Foot Guards chance to celebrate the achievements of the regiments of the Household Division taking part young men and enjoy the spectacle. – the Welsh, Grenadier, Scots and Coldstream Guards. Some spectators in the stands which lined the parade ground were dressed in morning suits or The Duchess and the other royals watched the smart suits, while many women wore summer historic ceremony from the former office of the dresses with wide brimmed hats. Duke of Wellington in Horse Guards building, now used by the Major-General commanding the The Colour being paraded on Horse Guards this Household Division. year was the flag of the 1st Battalion Scots Guards. The four royal Colonels rode behind the Queen Trooping the Colour originated from traditional as she travelled alone in the phaeton past the preparations for battle. long lines of servicemen who are fighting soldiers when not performing ceremonial duties. Colours, or flags, were carried, or "trooped", Prince William rode at the end of the line with down the ranks so that it could be seen and his father Charles on his left and looked assured recognised by the soldiers as they were used as as he handled the large charger. rallying points in the confusion of fighting.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 QUEEN AT 85

Government Initiatives IQ 3 QUEEN AT 85

In the 18th century, guards from the Royal palaces assembled daily on Horse Guards to QUEEN AT 85 "troop the colours", and in 1748 it was announced that the parade would also mark the Sovereign's official birthday.

The Queen's actual birthday was on April 21, when she turned 85.

Dressed in a pale blue coat and matching hat, she stood with the Duke of Edinburgh as the ceremonial flag was paraded past her followed by line after line of Guardsmen, first in slow time then quick as the Massed Bands played.

The duty of carrying the colour was given to Lieutenant Tom Ogilvy, 26, from Stirling who has been in the Scots Guards for two years.

During the ceremony, Kate and Camilla could be seen in a window of Wellington's former office as they watched the ceremony.

Later, the Mounted Bands of the Household Cavalry played as the Household Cavalry's Blues and Royals and Life Guards rode past the Queen first in quick time then in slow.

As they passed for the second time, the horses' hoofs kicked up the gravel that covered parade ground.

When the Queen and the Duke left in their carriage they were applauded and cheered by the spectators and those lining the Mall as they made their way back to Buckingham Palace for the traditional balcony appearance to watch a flypast ent Initiatives IQ 5 of military aircraft.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Trooping the Colour

The Sovereign's birthday is officially celebrated Since 1748, this parade has also marked the by the ceremony of Trooping the Colour on a Sovereign's official birthday. From the reign of Saturday in June. Edward VII onwards, the Sovereign has taken the salute in person at Trooping the Colour. This year Trooping the Colour took place on 11 June 2011. The Queen's Colour of the 1st Battalion During the ceremony, The Queen is greeted by a Scots Guards was trooped. Royal salute and carries out an inspection of the troops. In 2012 Trooping the Colour will take place on 16 June. After the massed bands have performed a musical 'troop', the escorted Regimental Colour The tradition of Trooping the Colour: is carried down the ranks. Although The Queen was born on 21 April, it has long been the tradition to celebrate the Sovereign's The Foot Guards and the Household Cavalry birthday publicly on a day in the summer, when then march past Her Majesty, and The King's good weather is more likely. Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, rank past.

Trooping the Colour is carried out by fully trained The Queen rides in a carriage back to and operational troops from the Household Buckingham Palace at the head of her Guards, Division (Foot Guards and Household Cavalry) before taking the salute at the Palace from a dais. on Horse Guards Parade in Whitehall, watched The troops then return to barracks. 50 by members of the Royal Family, invited guests and members of the public. Her Majesty then joins other members of the Royal Family on the palace balcony for a fly- This military ceremony dates back to the early past by the Royal Air Force. eighteenth century or earlier, when the colours (flags) of the battalion were carried (or 'trooped') The Queen has attended Trooping the Colour down the ranks so that they could be seen and every year of her reign, except in 1955 when a recognised by the soldiers. national rail strike cancelled the event.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN Q UEEN AT 85 AT 85

G overnment Initiatives IQ 1 atulations.

Congratulations.

Deloitte is delighted to extend its very best wishes from all our people to HM The Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her 85th Birthday. Happy Birthday Ma’am.

www.deloitte.co.uk

© 2011 Deloitte LLP. All rights reserved.

Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited QUEEN AT 85 The Queen's Birthday Honours List

The Queen's Birthday Honours List 2011 has gone to been published. The majority of awards have munities gone to ordinary people who have served their red. Find communities but some famous faces have also ave been been honoured. Find out who is on the lists and why they have been honoured. Varied list of winners The vast majority of the awards go not to stars of tars of sport, sport, stage and screen but to extraordinary le who are people who are making a real contribution to ty. their community. ude those A large number of people recognised include difference those supporting the Big Society by making a nteering, real difference to their local community through . volunteering, fundraising, social action and philanthropy. 53 Make-up of Honours to the List In total 965 people have been recommended to the Queen for an award: BE and ● 830 candidates have been selected at MBE and OBE level, 594 at MBE and 236 at OBE The actors, Bernard Cribbins and Tim Brooke- ● 74 per cent of the recipients are people who have undertaken outstanding work in their Taylor, have been awarded OBEs. There is also communities either in a voluntary or paid an OBE for Lee Westwood, the golfer. From the capacity England Cricket Team there are OBEs for Andrew Flower, Team Director, and to Andrew ● There are 416 successful women candidates in the list, representing 43.2 per cent of the total Strauss, Team Captain. Alastair Cook, the youngest Englishman to reach 5,000 test runs, is ● 7.4 per cent of the successful candidates come from ethnic minority communities. awarded an MBE.

This year’s list reflects the variety and make-up of the population and includes a sommelier manager. (wine waiter), a patissier (cake maker), a fire station watch manager and the organist at Wakefield Cathedral. waiter), a Famous names tch manager Among the well known names being honoured, there are knighthoods for Bruce Forsyth, the entertainer; and a DBE for Jennifer Murray, BBC presenter of Women’s Hour. The CBEs include Colin Firth, the actor; and Bryan Ferry, the there singer and songwriter. rtainer; and er of the

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Philanthropists Improvement Agency, who is renowned internationally as a leading police academic. Extraordinary people There is also an MBE for Brooke Kinsella for Diana Caldicott, who for over 39 years has done services to the Prevention of Knife Crime; since other people's often dirty and smelly laundry on the tragic killing of her brother in 2008 she has a voluntary basis through the WRVS Laundry worked with local communities and young Service in Malvern, receives an MBE. She deals people to prevent further murders. with an average of 37 clients per week, and around 1,900 bags of washing a year. Her service is a lifeline to those in need. Education awards Extraordinary people Philanthropy has also been a prominent theme amongst the recipients, including a CBE to Jack Dr Jane Davis who has engaged very many Petchey, Founder, Jack Petchey Foundation for people of all ages and backgrounds in reading Young People. through her innovative Get into Reading groups receives an MBE. There are now 170 reading CBEs are also awarded to Edward Atkin, for groups meeting weekly across Merseyside. services to industry and to charity through the Atkin Foundation and to Charles Jacob, for About 10.2 per cent of honours are for work in charitable services. education. There is a DBE for Dr Reena Keeble, head teacher, Cannon Lane First School, Harrow, OBEs go to Marcelle Speller, philanthropist, for a National Leader of Education who has helped services to the voluntary sector; and to Dr Keith to support other schools across London. Howard, philanthropist, for services to business, sport and to the arts in West Yorkshire. Chris Woodhead, who has had an extensive and distinguished career in education spanning both Awards to women the local and national level, receives a knighthood. 54 Awards to women comprise 43.2 per cent of the total. Peter Simpson, Executive Principal, Brooke Weston Partnership, Northamptonshire, who has Women candidates include 8 Dames, 28 CBEs delivered excellent education to children in a and 2 CBs. The DBEs include Helen Alexander, deprived area of the UK, was also awarded a President of the CBI, and Professor Rosemary knighthood. Cramp, Emeritus/Research Professor of Archaeology, Durham University, who The list of education CBEs includes Deborah established a charitable organisation to connect Lavin, Principal, Isle of Wight College. She has her work to society. led the transformation of the college from one with serious difficulties to an outstanding Awards to MPs institution which, as the only FE provider on the There are also three MPs honoured in this list island, is the focus of the community. including a Companion of Honour for Lord (Michael) Howard. Knighthoods go to Graham In total 13 head teachers and 12 school and Watson, the Liberal Democrat MEP for the South college principals are recommended for honours, West of England; and to Alan Meale, the Labour as well as 6 school governors. The education MP for Mansfield. MBEs also include an award to Patricia Gilman, who has worked at Kenmore Park First School, Law and order awards Harrow, as a lunchtime supervisor for over 30 years. The school serves a socially and ethnically Extraordinary people mixed area and she has been committed to supporting the needs of over 2,700 pupils Kathie Martin, who pioneered a highly through the lunch period during her years of innovative crisis support service for older people service. with learning difficulties and mental health problems in Coventry, receives an MBE. In law and order, there is a DBE for the Rt Hon Elish Health awards Angiolini QC, the first woman to hold the office Health makes up 8.4 per cent of all honours. of Lord Advocate in Scotland. Awards at CBE There is a DBE for Ruth Carnall, Chief include Peter Neyroud QPM, Chief Constable Executive, London Strategic Health Authority; and Chief Executive Officer, National Policing and the knighthoods include Professor Roger

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Boyle, National Clinical Director for Heart Executive, Disease and Stroke, who has improved services nd the for people with coronary heart disease and National stroke. Stroke, who Also recognised with a knighthood is Professor onary heart Robert Edwards, who won the Nobel Prize in 2010 for his work on in-vitro fertilization. There is a rich breadth of vocations within the health sector; recommendations at MBE include ssor Robert 6 Nurses, 4 GPs, a midwife, and a for his physiotherapist.

Industry awards an OBE. Christopher Schultheiss, the owner and Chief Executive of Supperletter.com, the Extraordinary people acclaimed e-postal system for members of the British Service community deployed overseas, Christine Burden, who set up the Sweet was also awarded an OBE. Memories Senior Citizens' Club in Oxford ten years ago and has since run the club on a There are MBEs for a wide variety of people, completely voluntary basis, receives an MBE. including Mark and Maria Whitehead, directors The club has grown from ten initial members to of the Hawkshead Relish Company, for services now supporting more than 300 pensioners. to the food industry in Cumbria. Industry and the economy makes up 13.4 per cent of the awards and includes a Knight Grand Science and Cross (GBE) for Professor Mervyn King, technology awards Governor of the Bank of England. There are also Science and technology makes up 2.6 per cent of 55 knighthoods for Frank Chapman, chief the awards and include a DBE for Professor executive, BG Group; for David Higgins, lately Sally Macintyre, Professor of Social and Public chief executive, Olympics Delivery Authority; Health Science, University of Glasgow, and and for John Peace, chairman, Standard Director of the Medical Research Council, Social Chartered Bank. and Public Health Sciences Unit.

The MBEs include an award to Jill Pilkington, who has furthered understanding of the ecology and evolution of Soay Sheep on the remote island of Hirta in the St Kilda archipelago.

For 20 years she has spent about half of every year on Hirta collecting core field information on the life histories of these sheep, allowing analysis into a series of key issues in ecological and evolutionary research. Arts and media awards Arts and media make up 5.9 per cent of the total. There is a DBE for Janet Suzman, one of the CBEs include Justin King, chief executive, J most respected classical stage actresses of our Sainsbury plc, for services to the retail industry, time who has also made a tremendous impact on and Penny Hughes, the first female president of TV and film. the Advertising Association. There is a CBE for Gillian Ayres, one of Britain’s Dr Sophie Churchill, chief executive of the finest and most original abstract artists; and a National Forest Company, a powerful CBE for Kathryn McDowell, the managing ambassador for the forest and its values receives director of the London Symphony Orchestra.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Amongst the OBEs are the artist and There are also knighthoods for Professor Mark photographer, Sam Taylor- Wood and the jazz Welland, Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry singer, Claire Martin and the actor Graeme Garden. of Defence, and for Dr Henry Burns, Chief Medical Officer for Scotland, who led the way to The MBEs include the Singh twins, Amrit and ban smoking in public places in Scotland. There Rabindra, for services to the Indian miniature are also KCBs for Dr Malcolm Jack, Clerk of the tradition of painting; in 2010 their work was House of Commons; and for Michael Pownall, displayed at the National Portrait Gallery. lately Clerk of the Parliaments.

Those supporting local communities through the Sports awards arts are also recognised including an MBE to Awards for sport make up 3.5 per cent of the Joyce Harper, now aged 91, who set up the total. The awards include a knighthood for Henry Henleaze School of Dancing in Bristol in 1946 Cecil, the Horse Racing Trainer; an OBE for and has been teaching ever since, raising John Amaechi, the first Briton to play in the thousands of pounds for charity through events. National Basketball Association in America, who founded the Amaechi Basketball Centre in State sector awards Manchester. Since 2004 he has been trustee and Extraordinary people patron of the UK Sport's Charity International Development through Sport, and since 2007 he Bryan Collier, who for nearly 40 years has has been the National Coming Out Day served the community in the London Borough of spokesman for the Human Rights campaign. Newham in a variety of voluntary positions, receives an MBE. In recent years he has been The MBEs include awards to the athletes, working with the Canning Town Youth project Phillips Idowu and Jessica Ennis; and also a on a youth and elders' venture which seeks to number of people who are supporting their local help the Wombles Recycling Charity communities through sport including Thomas 56 The state sector awards include a GCB for Sir Sale who has devoted 80 years of his life to the Gus O’Donnell, Cabinet Secretary and Head of sport of rugby league, to the Leigh Centurions the Home Civil Service and a KCB for David Rugby League Football Club, and to his local Bell, Permanent Secretary, Department for community. Education.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Royal Finances

How is the work of The Queen funded? How A summary of Head of State expenditure met much does the Royal Family cost the tax from public funds in the year to 31 March 2010 payer each year? Does The Queen pay tax - reads as follows: and if not, why not? And do the Crown Jewels and Royal Palaces belong to The Queen?

The Monarchy has sometimes been described as an expensive institution, with Royal finances shrouded in confusion and secrecy. In reality, the Royal Household is committed to ensuring that public money is spent as wisely and efficiently as possible, and to making Royal Finances as transparent and comprehensible as possible. Sources of funding Each year the Royal Household publishes a There are four sources of funding for The Queen, summary of Head of State expenditure, together or officials of the Royal Household acting on with a full report on Royal public finances. Her Majesty's behalf, in both a public and private These reports can be downloaded from this section. capacity. This section provides an outline of how the work These are: the Civil List, the Grants-in-Aid for of the Monarchy is funded. It includes information upkeep of Royal Palaces and for Royal travel, on Head of State expenditure, together with the Privy Purse and The Queen's personal wealth information about other aspects of Royal finances. and income. 57 Head of State How the finances are expenditure used Head of State expenditure is the official The various official sources of funding detailed expenditure relating to The Queen's duties as in this section are used entirely to support The Head of State and Head of the Commonwealth. Queen's work as Head of State. Head of State expenditure has reduced significantly over the past decade, from £87.3 million in This means that the money goes towards a 1991-92 (expressed in current pounds) to £38.2 number of resources which enable Her Majesty million in 2009-10. In the year 2009-10 The to carry out her official duties. These include: Queen cost the taxpayer just 62 pence per person. Royal travel for official engagements in the UK and overseas; the maintenance of Royal residences Head of State expenditure is met from public which are used for formal entertaining and funds in exchange for the surrender by The ceremonial events; funding for the work of The Queen of the revenue from the Crown Estate. In Duke of Edinburgh which supports and complements 2008-09 the Treasury’s gross receipts in respect that of The Queen and salaries for employees of of the Crown Estate were £230 million. the Royal Household who support and administrate the work of Her Majesty as Head of State Head of State expenditure excludes the costs of Secretary-General’s reception. Police and Army security and of Armed Services of Police ceremonial, as figures are not available. monial, Every year the Royal Household publishes an Annual Summary of Head of State expenditure, Annual together a full report on Royal public finances. r a full The two-page Annual Summary and full Royal Public Finances report can be downloaded as Acrobat pdf files at the bottom of this page. ublic pdf files

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 The Crown Jewels

The Crown Jewels, which are part of the They include the crowns of Sovereigns, Consorts Royal Collection, are displayed to millions of and Princes of Wales, both past and present, visitors every year, guarded by Yeomen sceptres, orbs, rings, swords, spurs, bracelets and Warders (‘Beefeaters’) in the Tower of robes, all of which have a specific part to play in London. The Jewel House at the Tower has the ritual of the English coronation service. been used for the secure storage of the precious ceremonial objects, commonly Much of the Regalia is in use to the present day, known as the ‘Crown Jewels’, since the early a feature which distinguishes the English Regalia 14th century, when Westminster Abbey (the from most of its European counterparts. alternative store) was found to be unsafe. Although attempts have been made to steal The oldest piece of the Regalia is the 12th the Crown Jewels from the Tower, notably by century gold Anointing Spoon, used to anoint the Colonel Blood in 1671, none have succeeded. Sovereign with holy oil. Apart from the three The present display of the Crown Jewels was steel coronation swords (the Swords of Temporal opened by Her Majesty The Queen in 1994. Justice, of Spiritual Justice and of Mercy), this is the only piece that survived the destruction of the At the heart of the Crown Jewels display are the pre-Civil War Regalia in 1649-50. This destruction ceremonial and symbolic objects associated with was ordered by Oliver Cromwell, following the the coronations of English Kings and Queens. execution of King Charles I in 1649. These are usually referred to as the Regalia. 58

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The gold objects, including pieces probably was presented to The Queen by the dating back to the time of Edward the Confessor Commonwealth for the 1953 coronation. in the eleventh century, were sent to the Mint for melting down, and the gemstones were removed During the coronation service, following the from their settings and sold. Cromwell was Anointing, the Sovereign is invested with the determined that these potent symbols of royalty Imperial Mantle of cloth-of-gold, woven with the and kingship should be completely eradicated. National Emblems, and when invested, places on the altar the elaborately jewelled Sword of At the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, Offering. Both of these were made for George King Charles II ordered new Regalia, modelled IV’s coronation in 1821. on the forms of the lost Regalia used by his father. This new set of Regalia was completed Among the famous gem-stones on display at the for Charles II’s coronation on St George’s Day Tower is the First Star of Africa, now mounted at (23 April 1661) and cost the enormous sum of the top of the Sovereign’s Sceptre. This is the £12,050 3s 5d. largest flawless cut diamond in the world and weighs 530 carats. This and the Second Star of The principal piece of the Regalia is St Edward’s Africa of 317 carats (in the Imperial State Crown, with which the new Sovereign is actually Crown) were cut from the celebrated Cullinan crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury during Diamond, the largest diamond ever found. the coronation ceremony. This is made of gold Weighing over 3,000 carats, the Cullinan was and decorated with precious and semi-precious given to King Edward VII by the Government of stones, including sapphires, tourmalines, the Transvaal (South Africa) in 1907. amethysts, topazes and citrines, and weighs a substantial 2.23kg. It was last used to crown The legendary Koh-i-Nur (‘Mountain of Light’) Queen Elizabeth II on 2 June 1953. diamond, presented to Queen Victoria in 1850, is now set in the platinum crown made for the late The most famous of the crowns is the Imperial Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother for the 1937 State Crown. This was re-made for the coronation. This diamond, which came from the 59 coronation of The Queen’s father, King George Treasury at Lahore in the Punjab, may have VI, in 1937 and is set with over 3,000 gems. The belonged to the early Mughal emperors before stones were all transferred from the old Imperial passing eventually to Duleep Singh. It was re-cut Crown, which had been re-made on a number of for Queen Victoria in 1852 and now weighs 106 occasions since the 17th century, most recently carats. Traditionally the Koh-i-Nur is only worn for Queen Victoria in 1838. This crown by a queen or queen consort: it is said to bring incorporates many famous gemstones, including bad luck to any man who wears it. the diamond known as the Second Star of Africa (the second largest stone cut from the celebrated Among the other notable jewels on display is Cullinan Diamond), the Black Prince’s Ruby, the Queen Victoria’s small diamond crown, made for Stuart Sapphire, St Edward’s Sapphire and her in 1870 to wear as a light and comfortable Queen Elizabeth’s Pearls. The Sovereign alternative to the much heavier Imperial State traditionally wears the Imperial State Crown at Crown. The Imperial Crown of India, set with the conclusion of the coronation service, when around 6,000 diamonds and magnificent rubies leaving Westminster Abbey. It is also worn for and emeralds, was made for King George V to the State Opening of Parliament. wear at the Delhi Coronation Durbar in 1911. It has never been worn since. The other principal pieces of the Regalia used during the coronation, all dating from 1661, are In addition to the new Regalia, Charles II the Ampulla, the gold flask in the form of an acquired a large quantity of new gold altar and eagle which contains the holy oil used for the banqueting plate, costing a further £18,000. A Anointing; the Sovereign’s Orb, representing selection of this plate, including the Maundy Christ’s dominion over the world; and the two Dish, still used by the Sovereign on Maundy sceptres, the Sovereign’s Sceptre with a cross Thursday, the St George’s Salts, formerly used at representing the monarch’s temporal power coronation banquets, and the Charles II font under God and the Sceptre with Dove, formerly used for royal christenings, together representing equity and mercy. The Spurs, which with the Lily Font, which is in current use and are not worn, are there to represent knightly was made for the baptism of Queen Victoria’s chivalry and the Armills or bracelets, represent first child, is also on view in the Jewel House. sincerity and wisdom. A new pair of gold Armills

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace has served as the official support the day-to-day activities and duties of London residence of Britain's sovereigns since The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh and their 1837 and today is the administrative immediate family. headquarters of the Monarch. The Palace is also the venue for great Royal Although in use for the many official events and ceremonies, State Visits and Investitures, all of receptions held by The Queen, the State Rooms which are organised by the Royal Household. at Buckingham Palace are open to visitors every year. For visitor information, please visit the Although Buckingham Palace is furnished and Royal Collection website. decorated with priceless works of art that form part of the Royal Collection, one of the major art Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms. These collections in the world today. It is not an art include 19 State rooms, 52 Royal and guest gallery and nor is it a museum. bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms. In measurements, the building is 108 Its State Rooms form the nucleus of the working metres long across the front, 120 metres deep Palace and are used regularly by The Queen and (including the central quadrangle) and 24 metres members of the Royal Family for official and high. State entertaining.

The Palace is very much a working building and More than 50,000 people visit the Palace each the centrepiece of Britain's constitutional year as guests to banquets, lunches, dinners, 60 monarchy. It houses the offices of those who receptions and the Royal Garden Parties.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

For those who do receive an invitation to At Investitures, The Queen (or The Prince of Buckingham Palace, the first step across the Wales as Her Majesty's representative) will meet threshold is into the Grand Hall and up the recipients of British honours and give them their curving marble stairs of the awards, including knighting those who have been awarded knighthoods. Grand Staircase. Portraits are still set in the walls, as they were by Queen Victoria. From the Ballroom, the West Gallery, with its The Throne Room, sometimes used during four Gobelin tapestries, leads into the first of the Queen Victoria's reign for Court gatherings and great rooms that overlook lawn and the formal as a second dancing room, is dominated by a gardens - setting for the annual Garden Parties proscenium arch supported by a pair of winged introduced by Queen Victoria in 1868. figures of 'victory' holding garlands above the 'chairs of state'. The State Dining Room is one of the principal State Rooms on the West side of the Palace. It is in the Throne Room that The Queen, on very Many distinguished people have dined in this special occasions like Jubilees, receives loyal room including the 24 holders of the Order of addresses. Another use of the Throne Room has Merit as well as presidents and prime ministers. been for formal wedding photographs. Before the Ballroom was added to the Palace in the 1850s, the first State Ball was held in the George IV's original palace lacked a large room Blue Drawing Room in May 1838 as part of the in which to entertain. Queen Victoria rectified celebrations leading up to Queen Victoria's that shortcoming by adding in 1853-5 what was, Coronation. at the time of its construction, the largest room in London. The Music Room was originally known as the Bow Drawing Room and is the centre of the At 36.6m long, 18m wide and 13.5m high, the suite of rooms on the Garden Front between the Ballroom is the largest multi-purpose room in Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. Buckingham Palace. It was opened in 1856 with 61 a ball to celebrate the end of the Crimean War. Four Royal babies - The Prince of Wales, The It is along the East Gallery that The Queen and Princess Royal, The Duke of York and Prince her State guests process to the Ballroom for the William - were all christened by the Archbishop State Banquet normally held on the first day of of Canterbury in the Music Room. the visit. One of its more formal uses is during a State Around 150 guests are invited and include Visit when guests are presented to The Queen, members of the Royal Family, the government The Duke of Edinburgh and the visiting Head of and other political leaders, High Commissioners State or for receptions. and Ambassadors and prominent people who have trade or other associations with the visiting The last of the suite of rooms overlooking the country. gardens on the principal floor is the White Drawing Room. Originally called the North Today, it is used by The Queen for State Drawing Room, it is perhaps the grandest of all banquets and other formal occasions such as the the State Rooms. The Room also serves as a annual Diplomatic Reception attended by 1,500 Royal reception room for The Queen and guests. members of the Royal Family to gather before State and official occasions. This is a very formal occasion during which The Queen will meet every head of mission The Bow Room is familiar to the many accredited to the Court of St James's. For the thousands of guests to Royal Garden Parties who diplomats it is perhaps the highlight of the pass through it on their way to the garden. It was annual diplomatic social calendar. originally intended as a part of George IV's private apartments - to be the King's Library - The Ballroom has been used variously as a but it was never fitted up as such. concert hall for memorial concerts and performances of the arts and it is the regular Instead, it has become another room for venue for Investitures of which there are usually entertaining and is where The Queen holds the 21 a year - nine in spring, two in the summer and arrival lunch for a visiting Head of State at the ten in the autumn. start of a State visit.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 History of Buckingham Palace

George III bought Buckingham House in 1761 The King never moved into the Palace. Indeed, for his wife Queen Charlotte to use as a when the Houses of Parliament were destroyed comfortable family home close to St James's by fire in 1834, the King offered the Palace as a Palace, where many court functions were new home for Parliament, but the offer was held. Buckingham House became known as declined. the Queen's House, and 14 of George III's 15 children were born there. Queen Victoria was the first sovereign to take up residence in July 1837, just three weeks after her In 1762 work began on remodelling the house to accession, and in June 1838 she was the first the King's requirements, to designs by Sir British sovereign to leave from Buckingham William Chambers, at a cost of £73,000. Palace for a Coronation. Her marriage to Prince Albert in 1840 soon showed up the Palace's George IV, on his accession in 1820, decided to shortcomings. reconstruct the house into a pied-à-terre, using it for the same purpose as his father George III. A serious problem for the newly married couple was the absence of any nurseries and too few As work progressed, and as late as the end of bedrooms for visitors. The only solution was to 1826, the King had a change of heart. With the move the Marble Arch - it now stands at the assistance of his architect, John Nash, he set north-east corner of Hyde Park - and build a 62 about transforming the house into a palace. fourth wing, thereby creating a quadrangle. Parliament agreed to a budget of £150,000, but Blore, the architect in charge, created the East the King pressed for £450,000 as a more realistic Front and, thanks largely to his builder, Thomas figure. Cubitt, the costs were reduced from £150,000 to £106,000. The cost of the new wing was largely Nash retained the main block but doubled its size covered by the sale of George IV's Royal by adding a new suite of rooms on the garden Pavilion at Brighton. side facing west. Faced with mellow Bath stone, Blore added an attic floor to the main block of the external style reflected the French neo- the Palace and decorated it externally with classical influence favoured by George IV. marble friezes originally intended for Nash's Marble Arch. The work was completed in 1847. The remodelled rooms are the State and semi- State Rooms, which remain virtually unchanged By the turn of the century the soft French stone since Nash's time. Many of the pieces of used in Blore's East Front was showing signs of furniture and works of art in these rooms were deterioration, largely due to London's notorious bought or made for Carlton House (George IV's soot, and required replacing. London base when he was Prince of Wales), which was demolished in 1827. In 1913 the decision was taken to reface the façade. Sir Aston Webb, with a number of large The north and south wings of Buckingham public buildings to his credit, was commissioned House were demolished and rebuilt on a larger to create a new design. Webb chose Portland scale with a triumphal arch - the Marble Arch - Stone, which took 12 months to prepare before as the centrepiece of an enlarged courtyard, to building work could begin. When work did start commemorate the British victories at Trafalgar it took 13 weeks to complete the refacing, a and Waterloo. process that included removing the old stonework. By 1829 the costs had escalated to nearly half a million pounds. Nash's extravagance cost him his The present forecourt of the Palace, where job, and on the death of George IV in 1830, his Changing the Guard takes place, was formed in younger brother William IV took on Edward 1911, as part of the Victoria Memorial scheme. Blore to finish the work.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The gates and railings were also completed in The work was completed just before the 1911; the North-Centre Gate is now the everyday outbreak of the First World War in 1914. entrance to the Palace, whilst the Central Gate is used for State occasions and the departure of the The picture below shows the gates of guard after Changing the Guard. Buckingham Palace.

G overnment Initiatives IQ 2

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle is an official residence of The Windsor Castle is often used by The Queen to Queen and the largest occupied castle in the host State Visits from overseas monarchs and world. A Royal home and fortress for over 900 presidents. Foreign Heads of State enter the years, the Castle remains a working palace Castle in horse-drawn carriages through the today. George IV Gateway into the quadrangle in the Upper Ward, where a military guard of honour is The Queen uses the Castle both as a private drawn up. home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes The traditional State Banquet is held in St certain formal duties. George's Hall (55.5m long and 9m wide), with a table seating up to 160 guests. Every year The Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter Recent State visits held at Windsor Castle (March-April), known as Easter Court. During include those of President and Mrs. Mbeki of that time The Queen hosts occasional 'dine and South Africa (2001), and King Abdullah II and sleeps' events for guests, including politicians Queen Rania of Jordan (2001), as well as a and public figures. special visit by President and Madame Chirac of France to mark the centenary of the Entente The Queen is also in residence for a week in Cordiale (2004). June, when she attends the service of the Order of the Garter and the Royal Ascot race meeting. St George's Chapel remains an active centre for 64 worship, with daily services open to all. The Order of the Garter ceremony brings together members of the senior order of chivalry The Chapel is a Royal Peculiar, that is, a chapel for a service in St George's Chapel. Beforehand, which is not subject to a bishop or archbishop The Queen gives a lunch for the Knights of the but which owes its allegiance directly to the Garter in the Castle's Waterloo Chamber. Sovereign.

Any new Knights of the Garter are invested by The Chapel, together with the remainder of the The Queen in the Garter Throne Room. On the College of St George (a school for 400 children walls are portraits of monarchs in their Garter and St George's House, a consultation centre), is Robes, from George I to the present Queen, governed by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, whose State portrait by Sir James Gunn was who, with their officers and staff, are painted in 1954. independent of the Royal Household.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Many Royal weddings have been celebrated in St George's Chapel, most recently that of Prince Edward and Miss Sophie Rhys-Jones in June 1999. In 2005 a service of dedication and prayer was held in the Chapel following the marriage of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall.

Funerals such as those of Princess Margaret and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, have also taken place there. Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother lies buried in the Chapel with her husband, King George VI, and Princess Margaret, her younger daughter.

Various departments of the Royal Household are based at Windsor Castle. The ancient Round Tower houses the Royal Archives and the Royal Photograph Collection.

The Print Room and Royal Library house precious drawings, prints, manuscripts and books in the Royal Collection. These are shown in a programme of changing exhibitions in the Castle's Drawings Gallery.

Those who live and work within the Castle include the titular head of the Castle community, peaceful times, created a palatial Royal the Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle; residence. the Dean of Windsor, Canons and other staff who run the College of St George; the Military William the Conqueror chose the site, high above Knights of Windsor; the Superintendent of the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon Windsor Castle and his staff, who are responsible hunting ground. It was a day's march from the for day-to-day administration; the Housekeeper Tower of London and intended to guard the and her staff; and soldiers who mount a western approaches to the capital. permanent military guard in the Castle. The outer walls of today's structure are in the Windsor Castle is also a busy visitor attraction. same position as those of the original castle built Many parts of the Castle are open to the public, by William the Conqueror in the 1070s. So too is including the precincts, the State Apartments, the central mound supporting the Round Tower Queen Mary's famous dolls' house, St George's and the Upper Ward, where successive monarchs Chapel, and the Albert Memorial Chapel. have had their private apartments since the fourteenth century. When The Queen is in official residence, Changing the Guard provides a colourful In the 1170s Henry II rebuilt - in stone instead of spectacle in the quadrangle. wood - the Round Tower, the outer walls of the Upper and most of the Lower Ward, and the History of Windsor Royal apartments in the Upper Ward.

Castle In the 1360s Edward III, who was born at Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied Windsor, extended the Castle. He created the castle in the world. immense St. George's Hall for the use of the Knights of his newly founded Order of the Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been Garter. inhabited continuously, and altered and refurbished by successive monarchs. Some were St George's Chapel was begun by Edward IV (r. great builders, strengthening the Castle against 1461-70 and 1471-83) and completed by Henry uprising and rebellion; others, living in more VIII. It is dedicated to the patron saint of the

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

66

Order of the Garter, Britain's highest order of the 5km Long Walk leading due south from the chivalry, and ranks among the finest examples of Castle into Windsor Great Park. late medieval architecture in Western Europe. George IV was a great lover of art and fine Ten British monarchs lie buried in the chapel: decoration. Much of Windsor Castle's present Edward IV, Henry VI, Henry VIII, Charles I, appearance is due to the alterations he instigated George III, George IV, William IV, Edward VII, in the 1820s with his architect, Sir Jeffry George V and George VI. Wyatville. The buildings were refashioned in the Gothic style, with the addition of crenellations, Oliver Cromwell captured Windsor Castle after turrets and towers. the Battle of Edgehill in 1642, and for the rest of the Civil War it became a prison as well as the In the Upper Ward the private apartments were headquarters of the parliamentary forces. moved from the north side of the quadrangle to the south and east side. The rooms on the north In 1648 Charles I was held there before his trial side were designated, as now, as for use on and execution in London; his body was brought formal occasions and State visits. One of George back for burial in St. George's Chapel during a IV's most remarkable additions was the Waterloo snowstorm. Chamber, which was created in the 1820s to show portraits commissioned from Sir Thomas Following the Restoration, Charles II was Lawrence to commemorate the defeat of determined to make the Castle as splendid as Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo in 1815. possible. He created a new set of State Apartments in the 1670s, using the skills of the They represent the monarchs, soldiers and architect Hugh May, the artist Antonio Verrio for statesmen who were involved in that defeat and murals and ceiling paintings, and the famous its aftermath. They include George III, George wood-carver Grinling Gibbons. IV and the future William IV, the Duke of Wellington, Field Marshal von Blücher, the The King's Dining Room and the Queen's Emperors of Austria and Russia, the Kings of Presence and Audience Chambers retain many of Prussia and France, and Pope Pius VII. these original features. Charles II also laid out

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were devoted The next five years were spent restoring Windsor to Windsor, where they spent much of their time. Castle to its former glory. It resulted in the It was during the reign of Queen Victoria that, in greatest historic building project to have been 1845, the State Apartments were first opened to undertaken in this country in the twentieth the public. century, reviving many traditional crafts.

Prince Albert died of typhoid at Windsor in 1861 The restoration was completed six months ahead and was buried in a spectacular mausoleum that of schedule on 20 November 1997 at a cost of Queen Victoria constructed at Frogmore in the £37 million (US $59.2 million), £3 million Windsor Home Park. below budget. Seventy per cent of the necessary revenue was raised from opening Buckingham During the Second World War, Windsor Castle Palace's State Rooms to visitors in August and was home to the young Princesses Elizabeth and September. Margaret Rose while their parents supported the war effort in London and around the country. The remaining 30 per cent of the cost was met Today The Queen uses the Castle regularly, from savings in the annual Grant-in-Aid funding spending most of her weekends there. from Parliament for the maintenance and upkeep of the occupied Royal Palaces. The restoration The twentieth-century history of the Castle is was undertaken at no additional cost to the dominated by the major fire that started on 20 taxpayer. November 1992. It began in the Private Chapel, when a spotlight came into contact with a curtain To mark the completion, The Queen and The and ignited the material. Duke of Edinburgh held a 'thank you' reception in the restored rooms on 14 November 1997 for It took 15 hours and one-and-a-half million 1,500 contractors. On 20 November that year gallons of water to put out the blaze. Nine they celebrated their Golden Wedding principal rooms and over 100 other rooms over Anniversary with a ball also held at Windsor an area of 9,000 square metres were damaged or Castle. destroyed by the fire, approximately one-fifth of the Castle area.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 St James's Palace

St. James's Palace is the senior Palace of the Buildings later sprawled to cover the area of four Sovereign, with a long history as a Royal courts now known as Ambassadors' Court, residence. As the home of several members of Engine Court, Friary Court and Colour Court. the Royal Family and their household offices, The great Tudor Gatehouse at the southern end it is often in use for official functions and is of St. James's Street still bears Henry VIII's royal not open to the public. cypher HR, surmounted by his crown, above the original foot passages leading through to Colour History of St James’s Court.

Palace Henry VIII's illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy, St. James's Palace has been the setting for some whom he contemplated recognising as his heir, of the most important events in Royal history. was living in the Palace when he died in 1536 at the age of seventeen. From then on St. James's Built largely between 1531 and 1536, St. James's House, as it was known, saw a succession of Palace was a residence of kings and queens of Royal inhabitants who lived there while playing England for over 300 years. It remains the their part in some of the more famous events in official residence of the Sovereign, although, English history. since the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837, the Sovereign has lived at Buckingham Palace. Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn, stayed High Commissioners present letters and there the night after her coronation. Before she Ambassadors are still formally accredited to the was discarded following the birth of Princess 68 Court of St. James's for this reason. (later Queen) Elizabeth, the initials HA entwined in a lovers' knot appeared on a couple of Tudor The palace was built by Henry VIII on the site of fireplaces in the State apartments. the Hospital of St. James, Westminster. Much survives of the red-brick building erected by It was in St. James's Palace in 1558 that Mary Henry VIII, including the Chapel Royal, the Tudor signed the treaty surrendering Calais. gatehouse, some turrets and two surviving Tudor Elizabeth I was resident during the threat posed rooms in the State apartments. by the Spanish Armada and set out from St

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

James's to address her troops assembled at Court functions were still held in the State Tilbury, to the east of London. apartments, which had been enlarged by Christopher Wren and embellished by William The future Charles II and James II were both Kent. Some rooms were later partly redecorated born and baptised at St James's, as were Mary of by William Morris. Queen Victoria married York (Mary II), Anne of York (Queen Anne) and Prince Albert in the Chapel Royal in 1840, and James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old court levées continued to be held at St. James's Pretender). Palace until 1939.

After the destruction of the Palace of Whitehall, The State Apartments of the Palace contain many all monarchs until William IV lived at St. beautiful items of furnishing. James's for part of the time. There are Mortlake tapestries ordered by Charles In 1809, much of the east and south ranges of the I as Prince of Wales in the Old Presence Palace was destroyed by fire, but the State rooms Chamber, and a fine display of arms and armour were restored by 1813. At this time the Prince in the Armoury. Regent (later George IV) was living at Carlton House, but four of his brothers were provided The State Apartments also contain an interesting with houses within the Palace walls. Frederick, range of Royal portraits from the time of Henry Duke of York was given Godolphin House, now VIII, including important works by Mytens, Van Lancaster House, and William, Duke of Clarence Somer, Michael Wright and Wissing; portraits of (later William IV) was given Clarence House, military and naval heroes painted for George IV today occupied by The Prince of Wales. by Reynolds and Hoppner; a portrait of George IV by Lawrence; and important battle pieces by William IV was the last Sovereign to use St. Wootton and George Jones. James's Palace as a residence. After his death, 69

Government Initiatives IQ Nature’s own solar panels have provided us with the expertise to channel energy more harmoniously.

Ricoh wishes Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II a very happy birthday and a peaceful, prosperous future for the people of the United Kingdom.

Moving Ideas Forward.

www.ricoh.com Office Solutions Production Printing Managed Document Services QUEEN AT 85 Clarence House

Clarence House, which stands beside St Today Clarence House is the official London James's Palace, was built between 1825 and residence of The Prince of Wales and The 1827 to the designs of John Nash for Prince Duchess of Cornwall, and Princes William and William Henry, Duke of Clarence. He lived Harry. It is open to the public during the summer there as King William IV from 1830 until months each year. 1837. During its history, the house has been altered, reflecting the changes in occupancy View a video of The Prince of Wales with the over nearly two centuries. Dalai Lama in the garden at Clarence House: Clarence House also provides office It was the London home of Queen Elizabeth The accommodation for The Prince of Wales's Queen Mother from 1953 until 2002 and was Household, who support Their Royal Highnesses also the home of The Queen, then Princess in their official engagements and liaise with over Elizabeth, and The Duke of Edinburgh following 350 organisations with whose work they are their marriage in 1947. involved.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

improvements being charged to the Office of The decoration was simple, and much of the Works. The house was reoriented towards the furniture came in the form of wedding presents. south, with a new entrance featuring cast iron Princess Anne was born at Clarence House in Doric columns. August 1950, and it was the home of The Prince of Wales between the ages of one and three. Another of his creations was a Russian Orthodox chapel on the first floor. The Duchess's The death of King George VI on 6 February household included a Russian priest and chanter 1952 led to the Duchess's accession as Queen. who officiated daily. The chapel was dismantled The Royal couple moved to Buckingham Palace, after the death of the Duke of Edinburgh. and Clarence House was prepared for the accommodation of Queen Elizabeth The Queen The new rooms were fitted out in a mixture of Mother. 'Old English', with oak and plaster ornament, and more eclectic styles, including some of the exotic It is with the late Queen Elizabeth that Clarence wares the Prince had collected on his travels. House is today most associated. She moved there with Princess Margaret in 1953, shortly before A catalogue of his possessions dating from the the Coronation. 1870s lists over 400 such pieces, including oriental porcelain, bronzes, lacquers and jades. From Clarence House Queen Elizabeth carried In 1893 Prince Alfred inherited the Dukedom of out many official duties. All foreign Heads of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from his uncle, Prince State called at Clarence House for tea in the Albert's elder brother Duke Ernest, and moved afternoon of the first day of a State Visit. with his family to Germany. He retained Clarence House as his London base, however, Clarence House also became a venue for private until his death in 1900. entertaining. After Princess Margaret's marriage in 1960, Queen Elizabeth opened out two of the After his death, Prince Alfred's younger brother, rooms on the ground floor to form the Garden 72 Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Room, a large, sunlit room well suited to occupied the house with his wife Louise, entertaining large groups of guests. These Duchess of Connaught until 1942. Prince Arthur occasions, which continued into Queen was a soldier, serving for long periods overseas, Elizabeth's eleventh decade, were attended by an including a period following his retirement as extraordinary cross-section of people. Governor-General of Canada, where he lived from 1911 to 1916. The house contained much of Queen Elizabeth's art collection. Queen Elizabeth brought together When the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn a collection strong in 20th-century British art, died in 1942, Clarence House was made embracing important works by John Piper, available for the use of the War Organisation of Graham Sutherland, WS Sickert and Augustus the British Red Cross and Order of St. John of John. She also acquired superb examples of Jerusalem for the duration of the war. Two Fabergé, English porcelain and silver, particularly hundred staff of the Foreign Relations Department pieces relating to the Bowes-Lyon family. maintained contact from Clarence House with British prisoners-of-war abroad, and administered From 1970, when Queen Elizabeth celebrated the Red Cross Postal Message Scheme. her 70th birthday, to 2001, the Royal Family assembled at Clarence House on 4 August each In 1949 Clarence House was returned to Royal year for a traditional birthday appearance by The use, when it became the London home of Queen Mother. Princess Elizabeth, elder daughter of George VI, following her marriage to Lieutenant Philip Well-wishers crowded into Stable Yard Road Mountbatten on 20 November 1947. The couple outside Clarence House to offer greetings and could not move in straight away since the presents. building needed complete refurbishment. Wartime restrictions on building work made Following the death of Queen Elizabeth The progress slow. The Duke and Duchess of Queen Mother in 2002, The Queen Mother's Edinburgh, as they were then known, moved to grandson, The Prince of Wales, made Clarence their new home in June 1949. House his official London residence.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 QUEEN AT 85 Sandringham House

Sandringham House in Norfolk has been the buy the house. For the house and furnishings, the private home of four generations of Prince paid £220,000. Sovereigns since 1862. The Queen and other members of the Royal Family regularly spend Sandringham's first role was as a home for Christmas at Sandringham and make it their newly-weds. Prince Albert Edward married official base until February each year. Princess Alexandra of Denmark on 10 March 1863, and they travelled to Norfolk 18 days later. Like Balmoral, the Sandringham Estate is a commercial estate managed privately on The The young couple made many extensions and Queen's behalf. Sandringham House, the improvements to the house and estate, including museum and the grounds are open to visitors. the construction of new roads, the rebuilding of cottages and landscaping. A new garden wall was History of built to accommodate the magnificent gift of the famous Norwich Gates - spectacular ironwork Sandringham House gates designed by Thomas Jekyll and presented Although a Royal residence for only 150 years, as a wedding gift by the people of Norwich and Sandringham abounds in history. It has seen the Norfolk. deaths of two monarchs; suffered its share of It became obvious that the existing house was wartime tragedy; and been the venue for the first not suitable for large social gatherings and a ever Christmas Broadcast. growing family, so the Prince of Wales rebuilt it completely. 74 The story began in 1862. Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, was looking for a country As home to the heir to the throne and his wife, home for his eldest son, Albert Edward, Prince of Sandringham was venue to many glittering Wales, before his twentieth birthday. The idea occasions. Social life ranged from visits by was to find a healthy retreat for his young son, Heads of State (1881, 1899 and 1902 by Kaiser away from the distractions of the city. Wilhelm) to informal retreats by the Royal Family. Three times a year there was a ball - for Before a decision had been reached, the Prince the gentry, for the farmer and for the servants. Consort died suddenly of typhoid in December 1861. It was left up to his eldest son to conclude One of the main activities at Sandringham was the house-hunt. After paying a visit to shooting. The Prince of Wales liked to be Sandringham on 3 February 1862, the Prince of outdoors as much as possible and he devised the Wales was impressed enough to have idea of ST - Sandringham Time. The idea was to decided by the end of the day that he wanted to make the most of the winter daylight hours for

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

his passion for shooting and so the clocks all The Sandringham Company was wiped out in over the Sandringham Estate were advanced by the Battle of Gallipoli in August 1915. Trapped half an hour. King George V maintained this in a field which suddenly burst into flames, custom during his lifetime, but King Edward possibly due to a stray shell, the entire company VIII abolished it on his accession in 1936. was killed. In 1920 King George V, Queen Alexandra and Queen Mary unveiled a cross and Sandringham was the setting for some dramatic tablet on the greensward outside Sandringham events. Queen Victoria did not pay her first visit Church, bearing the names of the fallen. to Sandringham until 1871, when the Prince of Wales suffered an attack of typhoid fever (the King George V's reign also saw the birth of a illness of which his father had died) while staying new Christmas tradition at Sandringham. The there. To the relief of Queen Victoria and the nation, first Christmas broadcast to the Empire was the Prince survived and made a slow recovery. made live on Christmas Day, 1932, from Sandringham's 'business-room'. History was The eldest son of the Prince and Princess of made again in 1957 when The Queen made her Wales was not so lucky 21 years later. Prince first televised broadcast live on Christmas Day Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, in the direct line from Sandringham's library. of succession, fell ill at Sandringham shortly after celebrating his 28th birthday there. He died on King George V died at Sandringham on 20 14 January 1892 after a violent bout of influenza. January 1936, and Sandringham passed to his eldest son. In his brief reign King Edward VIII Sandringham became the home to a second spent less than one day at Sandringham. After his Royal couple when Prince George, the second abdication, he retained rights to Sandringham son of the Prince and Princess of Wales and by and Balmoral, since both estates are held then heir to the throne, married Princess May of privately and not as Sovereign. Under a financial Teck, the fiancée of the late Duke of Clarence. settlement the two estates were transferred to his They moved into a house on the estate which brother, the new King George VI. came to be known as York Cottage. 75 King George VI loved Sandringham as much as One of Prince George's innovations at his father had done, spending many happy Sandringham was the founding of the first Royal months on the estate. He spent his first pigeon loft in 1886. Almost annually several Christmas as king there in 1936. Having been were entered in international contests; pigeons born there in York Cottage, he also died at from the Royal lofts also saw active service with Sandringham House, passing away in his sleep the Royal Air Force in the Second World War. on the night of 6 February 1952.

Despite being able to spend less time at His coffin lay in the small church of St. Mary Sandringham after his accession in 1901, King Magdalene, Sandringham, watched over in a Edward VII's interest in the estate never waned, round-the-clock vigil by Sandringham and he continued to make improvements all his gamekeepers before being taken to London and life. Following his death in 1910, Sandringham then to Windsor for interment. was left to Queen Alexandra, who continued to live in the 'Big House' in her widowhood until The first visit by Princess Elizabeth to her death in 1925. The new King George V and Sandringham was Christmas 1926, aged just Queen Mary continued to live in the much smaller eight months, when she visited her grandparents York Cottage whenever they visited the estate. King George V and Queen Mary.

The First World War sowed death and From that time the Princess made regular visits destruction even in sleepy Sandringham. On 19 to Sandringham. During the Second World War January 1915 Zeppelin L45 crossed the North she and her sister were often resident on the Sea on the first raid of the war, and several bombs Sandringham estate, living at Appleton House. In landed on and around the Royal estate. One of 1943 Princess Elizabeth was featured in the craters filled with water; King George VI newspapers helping with the harvest. later had it enlarged and turned into a duck pond. Throughout her reign, The Queen's attachment to Like many villages, towns and communities Sandringham has remained as strong as that of across Britain, the community of the estate her father, grandfather and great-grandfather. suffered its own wartime tragedy.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Palace of Holyroodhouse

Founded as a monastery in 1128, the Palace of History Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh is The Queen's The history of the Palace of Holyroodhouse official residence in Scotland. Situated at the reaches back almost nine centuries. end of the Royal Mile, the Palace of Holyroodhouse is closely associated with According to legend, David I founded the Palace Scotland's turbulent past, including Mary, as an Augustinian monastery in 1128. Queen of Scots, who lived here between 1561 and 1567. Successive kings and queens have The Abbey prospered. With Edinburgh now made the Palace of Holyroodhouse the recognised as Scotland's capital, her kings chose premier royal residence in Scotland. to live in Holyroodhouse, surrounded by parkland, rather than in the bleak Castle, high on a rock Today, the Palace is the setting for State overlooking the town and exposed to the elements. ceremonies and official entertaining. During The Queen's Holyrood week, which usually runs In 1501 James IV (1488-1513) cleared the from the end of June to the beginning of July, ground close to the Abbey and built a Palace for Her Majesty carries out a wide range of official himself and his bride, Margaret Tudor (sister of engagements in Scotland. Henry VIII). Only a fragment of the gatehouse survives today. The Investiture held in the Great Gallery is for Scottish residents whose achievements have His successor James V (1513-42) added a been recognised in the twice-yearly Honours List massive Tower between 1528 and 1532, and a 76 which appears at New Year and on The Queen's new west front south of the Tower between 1535 Official Birthday in June. and 1536. King George V and Queen Mary held the first These alterations, which included the addition of garden party in the grounds of Holyroodhouse a great expanse of glazing, gave the Palace a and the tradition has been maintained to the domestic rather than a defensive feel. It has been present day, and each year, The Queen and The suggested that James made these changes in Duke of Edinburgh entertain around 8,000 guests preparation for the arrival of his first wife, from all walks of Scottish life during Holyrood week. Madeleine (daughter of Francis I of France).

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

His second wife, Mary of Guise, was crowned in 'noblemen' who lived in the royal apartments on the Abbey. Their daughter Mary, Queen of Scots a 'grace-and-favour' basis. (1542-67), returned to Scotland after the death of her husband Francis II, King of France. In 1745 royalty returned when the Young Pretender, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, or Mary, Queen of Scots spent most of her turbulent Bonnie Prince Charlie, held court there during life in the Palace - a dramatic and often tragic his attempt to reclaim the throne for his father. chapter in the history of the building. She He was followed by the Duke of Cumberland married two of her husbands in the palace. Her whose Hanoverian troops suppressed the private secretary David Rizzio was murdered in Jacobean Rebellion of 1745. The roof of the her private apartments by a group led by her Abbey Church collapsed in 1768, leaving the husband Lord Darnley, who was jealous of Chapel Royal in ruins. Rizzio's influence over Mary. No further renovations were carried out until the Further renovation was carried out in 1633 to early nineteenth century. George IV's State visit mark the Scottish coronation of James's son to Scotland on 15 August 1822 provided the Charles I (1625-49). During the Civil War Oliver impetus, and money was voted for improvements. Cromwell's troops were billeted at the Palace, which suffered extensive fire damage at this time. George IV ordered that the apartments of Mary, Queen of Scots should be 'preserved sacred from Charles II was crowned in Scotland in 1651 every alteration'. He also decided that the Lord (before the restoration of the monarchy in 1660). High Commissioner to the Church of Scotland Although he never returned there, he initiated a should have full use of the Palace during the substantial rebuilding of Holyroodhouse in the General Assembly, held each May. 1670s and the palace was transformed by the Scottish architect, Sir William Bruce. A tower It was Queen Victoria who, after the purchase of was added to the right, to form a symmetrical Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire, reintroduced façade, and new Royal Apartments were created the custom of staying at Holyroodhouse. Her 77 in a sequence of richly decorated rooms, with return to the Palace inspired the Scottish people sumptuous plasterwork ceilings, arranged around to undertake an extensive programme of renovation. a classical-style quadrangle’. In the twentieth century, King George V and Charles also added a new Royal apartment to the Queen Mary continued restoration and renovation east, had the Abbey Church made into the work on the Palace, which they regarded as a family Chapel Royal and created accommodation on the home. They were instrumental in bringing second floor for the Court during the sovereign's Holyroodhouse into the twentieth century, installing residence, and for officers of state in his absence. bathrooms, electricity and lifts. They also began the tradition of Garden Parties being held at the Palace. Charles II never saw the new Palace, but the rebuilding he had initiated transformed the However, the smooth running of the Palace today fortress-like building into a private residence for owes much to the foresight of an earlier his brother James, Duke of York. When the Duke predecessor, Charles II, who built the spacious succeeded to the throne as James VII and II upper floor where the Royal Family's private (1685-88), he adapted the Chapel Royal so that apartments are situated. Catholic services and the ceremonies of the Order of the Thistle, Scotland's ancient Order of The longest and largest room in the Palace is the Chivalry, could be held there. Great Gallery which is decorated with 89 of the original 110 Jacob de Wet portraits of the real However, before the work could be completed he and legendary kings of Scotland, from Fergus I was forced to flee the country and his daughter to Charles II. Mary and son-in-law William of Orange succeeded to the throne. The room has served many purposes. It was used for the election of Scotland's representative peers After the Union of Parliaments at the beginning after the Union of Parliaments in 1707. George V of the eighteenth century the Palace began to be made it into the State Dining Room, and today it neglected in favour of Scotland's castles, is used for receptions, State occasions and becoming a sanctuary for poor and distressed Investitures.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Balmoral Castle

Balmoral Castle on the Balmoral Estate in Balmoral Castle and the original estate were Aberdeenshire, Scotland is the private residence purchased for Queen Victoria by Prince Albert in of The Queen. Beloved by Queen Victoria and 1852. The original Balmoral Castle was built in Prince Albert, Balmoral Castle has remained the fifteenth century but it was considered too a favourite residence for The Queen and her small. family during the summer holiday period in August and September. The Castle is located A new castle was constructed on the site about on the large Balmoral Estate, a working estate 90 metres (100 yards) north from the old which aims to protect the environment while building. Prince Albert planned the grounds and contributing to the local economy. helped with the design of the castle itself, which was completed in 1856. The Estate grounds, gardens and the Castle Ballroom are open to visitors from the beginning The castle has been handed down through their of April to the end of July each year, under the descendants, and today is the traditional holiday management of the Balmoral Estate Office. home for The Queen and members of her family during the summer vacation period. History of Balmoral Over the years, improvements have been made Castle by successive generations of the Royal family; The history of Balmoral Castle starts with Queen most recently by The Duke of Edinburgh who Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert. During has enlarged the flower and vegetable garden and 78 holiday visit to the Scottish Highlands, Queen created the water garden. Victoria and Prince Albert grew to love the scenery and people and decided to buy a private home there for private holiday periods.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 The Royal Mews

The Royal Mews is an important branch of the Lord Chamberlain's Office and provides road transport for The Queen and members of the Royal Family by both horse-drawn carriage and motor car.

It is at the Royal Mews that the State vehicles are housed and maintained. These include the magnificent Gold State Coach used for Coronations and those carriages used for Royal and State occasions, State Visits, Weddings and the State Opening of Parliament.

Since 1843 the daily messenger Brougham has set out from the Royal Mews to collect and He built the main coachhouses on the east side, deliver post between Buckingham Palace and St. and, on the west, he created two sets of State James's Palace. Stables with room for 54 horses as well as forage and harness rooms. Another regular task is that of collecting a newly appointed foreign Ambassadors or High A matching Doric arch and a back or 'upper Commissioners from their official residence, mews' were added at the north end of the conveying them in a carriage to Buckingham quadrangle. A grand house for the Master of the 79 Palace for their audience with The Queen, and Horse and his assistant was also created. afterwards returning them to their residence The buildings were completed in 1825. Later History of The Royal Kings and Queens made their own changes to Mews keep this working environment up-to-date. The Royal Mews first started in its present In 1837, Queen Victoria became the first location in 1760, when George III moved his Monarch to use Buckingham Palace as both an carriage collection and some of his horses there official residence and home. This meant greater from a site near Charing Cross. responsibilities for the Royal Mews. Her husband Prince Albert installed a new forge and It was convenient for them to be near to the added sheds in which a cow was kept. house which he had just purchased from the Duke of Buckingham - today's Buckingham In 1855 Queen Victoria set up the Buckingham Palace. Palace Royal Mews School at her own expense for the children of the servants belonging to the In 1764, George III added the indoor riding Royal Mews. The school remained for over 20 school and changed the name of the stables to years. In 1859 new accommodation was built for the Royal Mews Pimlico. the 198 members of staff and their families.

In 1820 George IV succeeded his father as King Modernisations continue today at the Royal and set about transforming Buckingham House Mews. The most recent is a project to expand the into a Palace worthy of a King and a great electronic network from Buckingham Palace to nation. He commissioned the famous architect the Royal Mews, providing e-mail and Internet John Nash to remodel the house and rebuild the access to the staff. stables in a grand manner. As a working environment, the Royal Mews will Nash built splendid stables around the existing develop further in future, ensuring that the riding school. He designed a Doric arch at the important work of this special department can entrance to the central Mews quadrangle. continue.

Government Initiatives IQ Power with refinement. Racing with style. tourer elevates motoring to a whole new level. Only Bentley combines these seeming Find out more at www.bentleymotors.com. contradictions into a refined driving experience at the pinnacle of British motoring. Fuel economy figures for the Bentley May we present the Bentley Mulsanne – the Mulsanne in mpg (l/100km): Urban 11.2 (25.3); opposite of mass production. Hand crafted Extra Urban 24.0 (11.8); Combined 16.8 (16.9). and engineered in Crewe, England, this grand CO2 emissions (g/km): 393.

For more information call 01270 535032 or visit www.bentleymotors.com

The name ‘Bentley’ and the ‘B’ in wings device are registered trademarks. © 2011 Bentley Motors Limited. Model shown: Bentley Mulsanne, mrrp £225.900. Price correct at time of going to press. QUEEN AT 85

The Queens Transport

Members of the Royal Family carry out nearly 3,000 official engagements in the United Kingdom and overseas every year.

These engagements involve many journeys, which need to be undertaken in ways which meet presentational requirements, as well as being efficient and secure.

During five decades as Sovereign, The Queen has used every conceivable form of transportation - from elephant to barge.

But most Royal journeys use more conventional forms of transportation: traditional carriages for ceremonial occasions, and State cars, the Royal Train and helicopter for engagements and visits in the UK, and aeroplane for overseas visits. In the past, the Royal Yacht BRITANNIA was also used; she was decommissioned in 1997. Cars 81 For most of her engagements, The Queen travels to a venue in a State car.

Used for public engagements and some ceremonial occasions, State cars must transport their passengers in a style which is safe, efficient and dignified, allowing as many people as possible to see The Queen or other members of the Royal Family. Built to unique specifications, they are also vehicles of great historical and technical interest in themselves.

The Queen's State and private motor cars are housed in the Royal Mews at Buckingham Palace.

For official duties - providing transport for State and other visitors as well as The Queen herself - there are eight State limousines, consisting of two Bentleys, three Rolls-Royces and three Daimlers. Other vehicles in the Royal fleet include a number of Volkswagen 'people carriers'.

State cars are painted in Royal claret livery. The Bentleys and Rolls-Royces uniquely do not have registration number plates, since they are State vehicles.

The most recent State cars, used for most of The Queen's engagements, are the two Bentleys.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The first of these was presented to The Queen to It features a straight eight engine and a Mulliner mark her Golden Jubilee in 2002. body. Despite its age, the car is in fine condition, and is still used for occasions such as Ascot. The one-off design, conceived by a Bentley-led consortium of British motor industry There is also a 1987 Phantom VI. manufacturers and suppliers, was created with input from The Queen, The Duke of Edinburgh There is no proof that King Edward VII or King and Her Majesty's Head Chauffeur. George V could drive, but later monarchs King Edward VIII and King George VI could. In technical terms, the special Bentley cars have a monocoque construction, enabling greater use Some interesting historic Royal cars can be to be made of the vehicle's interior space. This viewed at Sandringham Museum. Items include means the transmission tunnel runs underneath the 1900 Daimler bought by Edward VII, and a the floor, without encroaching on the cabin. half-scale Aston Martin given to Princes William and Harry in 1988. Technical details show how different the Bentleys are to standard cars. The Bentleys are Carriages 6.22 metres long, nearly a metre longer than a Housed in the Royal Mews at Buckingham standard Bentley Arnage. At 3.84 metres, its Palace is the collection of historic carriages and wheelbase is 1.3 metres longer than that of an coaches, most of which are still in use to convey average family sized saloon. The engine drives a members of the Royal Family in State standard, four-speed GM 4L80-E gearbox, which ceremonial processions or on other Royal directs power through up-rated driveshafts to the occasions. rear wheels. There are over 100 coaches and carriages in the Although they have a powerful engine, the Royal Collection. Bentleys, like any other cars, are subject to 82 normal speed restrictions. On processional The remarkable Gold State Coach has been used occasions, they travel at around 9 miles per hour, for every coronation since George IV's in 1821. and sometimes down to 3 miles per hour. As its name implies, it is covered with gold leaf The rear doors are hinged at the back and are all over and the exterior is decorated with designed to allow The Queen to stand up straight painted panels. It weighs four tons and requires before stepping down to the ground. eight horses to pull it. The rear seats are upholstered in Hield It was built for George III (r. 1760-1820). When Lambswool Sateen cloth whilst all remaining he first became king, he wanted something upholstery is in light grey Connolly hide. Carpets special to travel to Westminster Abbey in for his are pale blue in the rear and dark blue in the front. Coronation, and for his wedding to Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Visibility is important. For many people, a glimpse of a Royal car driving slowly by may be It is enormous: 3.6 metres high, over 7 metres their only opportunity to see The Queen or a long and 4 tonnes in weight. It is decorated with member of the Royal Family. The Bentleys are cherubs, crowns, palm trees, lions' heads, faces, fitted with a removable exterior roof covering tritons and dolphins. which exposes a clear inner lining, giving an all- round view of their Royal passengers. In the end, the coach was not ready in time for the Coronation of George III. The first time he There are other cars in addition to the Bentleys. used it was when he travelled to Westminster to A Rolls-Royce Phantom VI was presented to The open Parliament on 25 November 1762. Queen in 1978 for her Silver Jubilee by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. The coach often used by The Queen at the State Opening of Parliament is known as the Irish The oldest car in the fleet is the Phantom IV, State Coach because the original was built in built in 1950, 5.76 litre with a straight eight 1851 by the Lord Mayor of Dublin, who was engine and a Mulliner body. It was used by also a coachbuilder. Princess Elizabeth and The Duke of Edinburgh.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The exterior is blue and black with gilt All the carriages and coaches are maintained by decoration and the interior is covered in blue craftsmen in the Royal Mews department. damask. It is normally driven from the box seat Some of the coaches and carriages can be viewed using four horses. on days when the Royal Mews is open to the public.

Other coaches include the Scottish State Coach The oldest coach is the Gold State Coach, first used (built in 1830 and used for Scottish and English by George III when he opened Parliament in 1762. processions), Queen Alexandra's State Coach (used to convey the Imperial State Crown to The most recent coach is the Australian State Parliament for the State Opening), the 1902 State Coach, a gift from the people of Australia in 1988. Landau, the Australian State Coach (presented to The coach in which a Royal bride traditionally The Queen in 1988 by the Australian people to travels to her wedding is the Glass Coach. mark Australia's bicentenary), the Glass Coach (built in 1881) and the State and Semi-State Trains Landaus (used in State processions). Where appropriate, The Queen and other members of the Royal Family use scheduled In addition there are two barouches, broughams train services for their official journeys. (which every day carry messengers on their official rounds in London), Queen Victoria's In addition, the Royal Train is used by The Ivory-Mounted Phaeton (used by The Queen Queen, The Duke of Edinburgh and The Prince since 1987 for her birthday parade) as well as a of Wales on longer journeys around the UK. number of other carriages.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Royal Train enables members of the Royal compartments, sleeping, dining and support cars. Family to travel overnight and at times when the The Queen's Saloon has a bedroom, bathroom weather is too bad to fly, and to work and hold and a sitting room with an entrance which opens meetings during lengthy journeys. It has modern onto the platform. office and communications facilities. The Duke of Edinburgh's Saloon has a similar Journeys on the train are always organised so as layout plus a kitchen. Scottish landscapes by Roy not to interfere with scheduled services. Penny and Victorian prints of earlier rail journeys hang in both saloons. The first Royal train journey took place on 13 June 1842, when the engine Phlegethon, pulling A link with the earliest days of railways is the Royal saloon and six other carriages, displayed in The Duke of Edinburgh's Saloon: a transported Queen Victoria from Slough to piece of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's original Paddington. The journey took 25 minutes. broad gauge rail, presented on the 150th anniversary of the Great Western Railway. The train consists of carriages drawn from a total Brunel had accompanied Queen Victoria on her of eight purpose-built saloons, pulled by one of inaugural 1842 journey. the two Royal Class 67 diesel locomotives: 67005 'Queen's Messenger' and 67006 'Royal The current Queen's and Duke's Saloons came Sovereign'. Both locomotives were named in into service in 1977, when they were extensively ceremonies performed by The Queen. used during the Silver Jubilee Royal tours. The exact number and combination of carriages They had began life in 1972 as prototypes for the forming the Royal Train is determined by factors standard Inter-City Mark III passenger carriage such as which member of the Royal Family is and were later fitted out for their Royal role at travelling and the time and duration of the the Wolverton Works, where work on the Royal journey. When not pulling the Royal Train, the Train is normally done. two locomotives are used for general duties. 84 Network Rail manages the Royal Train and owns The carriages are a distinctive maroon with red the rolling stock. Day-to-day operations are and black coach lining and a grey roof. The conducted by another privatised company, DB carriages available include the royal Schenker.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Air Travel The cost of official Royal travel by air is met by the Royal Travel Grant-in-aid, the annual funding Air transport provides a quick and efficient way provided by the Department for Transport. for members of the Royal Family to carry out engagements across the UK and overseas. It has Aircraft of No. 32 (The Royal) Squadron have a allowed The Queen to travel to countries and distinctive white livery with a red, white and places never possible for her predecessors. blue stripe. The Royal Household S-76 is finished in the red and blue colours of the Official flying for members of the Royal Family Brigade of Guards. is provided by BAe 146 and HS 125 jet aircraft of No. 32 (The Royal) Squadron, based at RAF Air transport has been used by the Royal Family Northolt just north west of London, and the for Royal visits since the 1930s. King Edward VIII Sikorsky S-76 C+ helicopter operated by the became the first British monarch to fly in 1936. Royal Household from Blackbushe Aerodrome Royal flying was formalised on 21 July 1936 in Hampshire. with the creation of The King's Flight at Hendon in North London. The new flight operated a The primary role of 32 (The Royal) Squadron's is single twin-engine Dragon Rapide, G-ADDD, to provide support in operational theatres for the formerly King Edward VIII's private aircraft. Ministry of Defence. Any spare capacity on the aircraft is offered to the Royal Family, the Prime The Dragon Rapide was replaced in May 1937 Minister and senior Ministers. Royal flying by an Airspeed Envoy III, G-AEXX, the first accounts for less than 20% of the combined aircraft purchased specifically for The King's tasking of both the BAe 146 and the HS125. Flight. In 2005-06, 32 (The Royal) Squadron has two four-engined BAe 146s (each of which carries 19 The Second World War saw The King's Flight to 23 passengers) and five twin-engined HS 125s temporarily disbanded, although members of the (each of which carries a maximum seven passengers). Royal Family continued to fly using military aircraft. 85 The Royal Travel Office based at Buckingham In 1946 The King's Flight was reformed, in Palace co-ordinates use of the different types of greater strength, at RAF Benson with four aircraft by members of the Royal Family, Vickers Vikings. The following year all were heavily ensuring that their use is both appropriate and used during the Royal Tour of South Africa. cost-effective. The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) In 2004-05, the BAe 146 were used for Royal flying became the first member of the Royal Family to over 218 flying hours, the HS125 for 230 flying fly, learning in France during the First World War. hours and the Sikorsky for around 400 flying hours.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Prince went on to become a skilful pilot. binnacle on the veranda deck was first used in Since then many members of the Royal Family the Royal George (built in 1817) and since fitted have learnt to fly, including The Duke of Edinburgh, in each successive Royal Yacht. The Prince of Wales and The Duke of York (a Royal Navy helicopter pilot). At the end of her life, BRITANNIA's complement was 19 officers and 217 Royal Yachtsmen and Royal Yacht Britannia her captain had the rank of Commodore. For 44 years the Royal Yacht BRITANNIA was All Yachtsmen were volunteers who joined from the floating residence of The Queen and other the General Service of the Royal Navy. A Royal members of the Royal Family during many UK Marines' Band was also occasionally embarked, and overseas tours. when on Royal duty. During that time, BRITANNIA became one of About half served in the Permanent Royal Yacht the most famous ships in the world, travelling in Service and a number served onboard for 20 regions as remote as the South Pacific and years or more; officers were normally appointed Antarctica. for a two-year period of duty. The yacht was built by the Clyde shipbuilders Royal Yachtsmen were distinguished by their Messrs John Brown & Co at a cost of £2,098,000 uniform, which was finished off at the back with to replace her 50-year-old predecessor, Victoria a black silk bow, originally worn in mourning for and Albert III. Prince Albert. BRITANNIA was named and launched by The By tradition, no shouted orders were given. Queen on 16 April 1953 and was commissioned Instead, hand signals were used, with written on 11 January 1954. The name was The Queen's Daily Orders (updated by 'hot notices' if personal choice. 86 required) taking the place of a broadcast system. In BRITANNIA's first Royal voyage The Queen joined the yacht at Tobruk and sailed up the Thames to the Pool of London in 1954. During its lifetime, the Royal Yacht travelled widely. It was used extensively on tours of areas such as the Caribbean, the coast of Europe and the Pacific, allowing The Queen to reach remote regions, and to travel around island realms.

Towards the end of its service, the yacht was used on visits to South Africa and Russia in 1995. The last time The Queen was on board BRITANNIA for an official visit was on 9 August 1997 for a visit to the island of Arran. The Royal Yacht was designed to be a venue for official entertaining and receptions, as well as a residence for Royal tours.

It provided State apartments catering for up to 250 guests, and included office space and accommodation for members of the Royal Family and staff accompanying them.

BRITANNIA's State apartments contained furniture and recycled fittings from the Victoria and Albert, including a small gimbal table designed by Prince Albert.

The wheel in the wheelhouse came from George V's racing yacht BRITANNIA, whilst the

Government Initiatives IQ Marshall of Cambridge congratulates Her Majesty The Queen on 85 glorious years and offers best wishes for the forthcoming Diamond Jubilee

Integrity Adventure Performance

THE AIRPORT CAMBRIDGE CB5 8RX ENGLAND Marshall Telephone: 01223 373737 Fax: 01223 321032 www.marshallgroup.co.uk

Providing exceptional service to all our customers in the fields of road and air transport QUEEN AT 85 QUEEN ELIZABETH II HOSTS PRESIDENT OBAMA

After a long day of public appearances, President Obama and his wife Michelle were treated to a state banquet at Buckingham Palace, hosted by the Queen.

The star-studded banquet saw 171 guests arrive, including Tom Hanks, Kevin Spacey and Tim Burton, who dined on lamb, potatoes boulangere and vanilla charlotte.

Also at Her Majesty’s banquet in honour of the Obamas were David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Boris Johnson.

Former Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown also attended, as did Ed Miliband, Richard Branson and Helena Bonham Carter.

Hollywood actor Hanks sat next to Ffion Hague, the wife of the Foreign Secretary, while Kevin Spacey was beside Sophie, the Countess of 88 Wessex – wife of Prince Edward.

Michelle Obama wore a full-length white Tom Ford gown, complete with white evening gloves and a tiny jewelled clutch purse, with her hair swept into a bun. The Queen was in a silk crepe evening gown with an embroidered Swarovski crystal motif on the bodice. She wore it with the Vladimir diamond and pearl tiara.

As the Queen welcomed the Obamas, she said: ‘Today the U.S. remains our most important ally. Earlier in the day the Obamas had visited But our relationship goes far beyond our military ties.’ Number Ten after laying a wreath on the tomb of an unknown soldier at Westminster Abbey. She celebrated the special relationship between the U.S. and Great Britain and highlighted their It is the couple’s first state visit to Britain and ‘shared history, common language and strong they are guests at Buckingham Palace. intellectual and cultural links’, during her welcome speech. They arrived last night after their visit to Ireland and are staying in the luxurious Belgian Suite, Her Majesty said she had ‘fond memories’ of the traditional rooms for a visiting head of state first meeting the Obamas in 2009 at the G20 and also where the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge conference in London. spent their first night as a married couple.

The lavish dinner was held in the palace ballroom, Despite not attending the Royal Wedding last where the Prince of Wales hosted the private month, the President and his wife met Prince meal for 300 on the evening of the Royal Wedding. William and his new bride yesterday and spoke for around 15 minutes with the newly-weds. Dinner for 171: The lavish banquet, hosted by the Queen, was to honour the Obamas' state visit, On the Obamas' arrival, they were greeted with a and the President and First Lady posed here with 41-gun salute alongside The Queen, Prince Philip, the royal couple before the meal. Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall. Government Initiatives IQ Q UEEN AT 85

G overnment Initiatives IQ 2 L`]h]ghd]g^ =jfklQgmf_oak` @]jEYb]klqIm]]f =darYZ]l`AAeYfq `Yhhqj]lmjfkYf\ [gf_jYlmdYlagfk gf`]j0-l`Zajl`\Yq ooo&]q&[ge QUEEN AT 85 The Queen's speech at the Irish State Dinner

91

A Uachtaráin agus a chairde (President and regrettable reality that through history our friends). islands have experienced more than their fair Prince Philip and I are delighted to be here, share of heartache, turbulence and loss. and to experience at first hand Ireland’s world-famous hospitality. These events have touched us all, many of us personally, and are a painful legacy. We can Together we have much to celebrate: the ties never forget those who have died or been between our people, the shared values, and the injured, and their families. To all those who have economic, business and cultural links that make suffered as a consequence of our troubled past I us so much more than just neighbours, that make extend my sincere thoughts and deep sympathy. us firm friends and equal partners. With the benefit of historical hindsight we can all Madam President, speaking here in Dublin see things which we would wish had been done Castle it is impossible to ignore the weight of differently or not at all. But it is also true that no- history, as it was yesterday when you and I laid one who looked to the future over the past wreaths at the Garden of Remembrance. centuries could have imagined the strength of the bonds that are now in place between the Indeed, so much of this visit reminds us of the governments and the people of our two nations, complexity of our history, its many layers and the spirit of partnership that we now enjoy, and traditions, but also the importance of forbearance the lasting rapport between us. No-one here this and conciliation. Of being able to bow to the evening could doubt that heartfelt desire of our past, but not be bound by it. two nations.

Of course, the relationship has not always been Madam President, you have done a great deal to straightforward; nor has the record over the promote this understanding and reconciliation. centuries been entirely benign. It is a sad and You set out to build bridges. And I have seen at

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

first hand your success in bringing together challenges which will demand the same different communities and traditions on this imagination and courage. The lessons from the island. You have also shed new light on the peace process are clear; whatever life throws at sacrifice of those who served in the First World us, our individual responses will be all the stronger War. Even as we jointly opened the Messines for working together and sharing the load. Peace Park in 1998, it was difficult to look ahead 92 to the time when you and I would be standing There are other stories written daily across these together at Islandbridge as we were today. islands which do not find their voice in solemn pages of history books, or newspaper headlines, That transformation is also evident in the but which are at the heart of our shared narrative. establishment of a successful power-sharing Many British families have members who live in Executive in Northern Ireland. A knot of history this country, as many Irish families have close that was painstakingly loosened by the British relatives in the United Kingdom. and Irish Governments together with the strength, vision and determination of the political These families share the two islands; they have parties in Northern Ireland. visited each other and have come home to each other over the years. They are the ordinary What were once only hopes for the future have people who yearned for the peace and now come to pass; it is almost exactly 13 years understanding we now have between our two since the overwhelming majority of people in nations and between the communities within Ireland and Northern Ireland voted in favour of those two nations; a living testament to how the agreement signed on Good Friday 1998, much in common we have. paving the way for Northern Ireland to become the exciting and inspirational place that it is These ties of family, friendship and affection are today. I applaud the work of all those involved in our most precious resource. They are the the peace process, and of all those who support lifeblood of the partnership across these islands, and nurture peace, including members of the a golden thread that runs through all our joint police, the Gardaí, and the other emergency successes so far, and all we will go on to achieve. services, and those who work in the communities, They are a reminder that we have much to do the churches and charitable bodies like Co- together to build a future for all our operation Ireland. Taken together, their work not grandchildren: the kind of future our only serves as a basis for reconciliation between grandparents could only dream of. our people and communities, but it gives hope to other peacemakers across the world that through So we celebrate together the widespread spirit of sustained effort, peace can and will prevail. goodwill and deep mutual understanding that has served to make the relationship more For the world moves on quickly. The challenges harmonious, close as good neighbours should of the past have been replaced by new economic always be.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Queen Visits difficulties Ireland is a rich country. As it is likely to retain its low tax, business friendly Ireland credentials it has ever prospect of becoming At any rate the visit of The Queen to Ireland has richer over time. This helps for a more equal been one of her greatest diplomatic challenges relationship and eases resentments. and proved one of her greatest diplomatic triumphs. The tone of her speech was just right. Let us also remember that the history has not She didn't offer one of those Tony Blair-type been all bad. In the Second World War, for meaningless apologies. After all, she has nothing instance, while the Irish Government was neutral to apologise for. Apologising on behalf of (and the IRA collaborated with the Nazis) there someone else always strikes me as spurious and ere also 70,000 citizens from the Irish Republic presumptuous. When there is an apology for who served as volunteers in the British Armed something in previous centuries it takes on an Forces. We owe them a huge debt. element of absurdity. The Queen is 85 years old. It is unfortunate that Nonetheless her words were healing. They will it was not felt possible for her to visit the Irish have soothed at least some of the residual Republic before. But at an age when most of us bitterness that is the legacy passed down family might think about retiring The Queen can not. generations of centuries of conflict. Starting in She continues to provide the most outstanding Gaelic got her off to a good start. public service. Her work is as important as ever.

'A hUachtarain agus a chairde,' said Her Majesty, which means 'president and friends.' She said: 'With the benefit of historical hindsight we can all see things which we would wish had been done differently or not at all.'

There were also some truths about the closeness between the two nations which while obvious were worth stating to put into perspective the divisions which are so often highlighted. It is not just about geographical proximity. It is on quite different scale to the relations with our other neighbours such as France or Belgium or Norway.

There is the language, of course. There is the border with the UK in the case of Northern Ireland - people can pop from one nation to the others just to do a spot of shopping.

The Queen told her audience in Dublin Castle: 'Many British families have members who live in this country, as many Irish families have close relatives in the United Kingdom. These families share the two islands; they have visited each other and have come home to each other over the years.'

Dublin Castle served for centuries as the seat of Government in Ireland during British rule. Republicans used to denounce as 'Castle Catholics' those who were friendly to the British. The symbolism of inviting The Queen there is powerful and indicative of Ireland's self- confidence. Despite the recent economic

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Queen Elizabeth at Royal Ascot

A Riot of Colour for Ladies' Day

Royal Ascot was a riot of colour today for the annual festival of fashion that is Ladies' Day. Racegoers, royals and celebrities were greeted by bright sunshine at the Berkshire racecourse on the third day of the meeting.

The Queen, wearing a lilac suit with a matching hat, accessorised with orange flowers, was applauded as she arrived at the racecourse in a horse-drawn carriage.

She was accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh, the Duke of York and the Crown Prince of Bahrain in the first carriage, with Princess Anne, Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie 94 following them in the procession. The youngest princesses were wearing eye- catching outfits, with Princess Eugenie in a bright pink hat and her sister head-to-toe in navy She said: "There were so many beautiful hats last blue. year that when I had a chat with her, I said we should think outside the box. Bets had been placed on the colour of the Queen's hat - with yellow being the favourite. "When I said that, she suggested making the hat box. Lots of people have thought it was a real Purple had been the second most popular choice. box, rather than a hat." Celebrities enjoying the racing included actress Joan Collins, sporting a white Philip Treacy hat Californian Rebecca Johnson, celebrating her to set off her outfit of a floral turquoise and 56th birthday today, had created a hat topped white jacket with puffed sleeves and a simple with a horse's head made out of papier mache white dress. and guinea fowl feathers.

Veteran presenter Bruce Forsyth, Strictly Come She said: "This is one of the best race meetings Dancing judge Bruno Tonioli and the composer of the year. I've always loved grey horses - Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber were also in they're so beautiful. I've tried to copy a bit of that attendance to watch the Gold Cup race, today's magic with my hat. feature race. "It's already trotted across the road once, and I Eye-catching headgear on display included a hat had to go and rescue it." in the shape of a hat box, worn by 49-year-old Desanka Cvijanovic. Ms Johnson had made the rest of her outfit - a white skirt suit edged with black lace. Mrs Cvijanovic, from York, said it had taken her sister-in-law, milliner Nataliya Tutus, six months Some headgear looked decidedly uncomfortable to create the black-and-white striped hat, with - including hats made out of Lego bricks worn turquoise, lemon and green flowers on top. by Anna Carradice and Jonathan James.

Government Initiatives IQ Q UEEN AT 85

G overnment Initiatives IQ 2 QUEEN AT 85

Ms Carradice, whose hat included a Lego Big Racing at Ascot dates from 1711 when Queen Ben and London Eye, said of the 2kg creation Anne drove from nearby Windsor Castle with made of 1,400 bricks: "I'm wearing it all day. But her entourage for a day's sport organised at her 96 it's very heavy." command.

Her hat, and a traditional top hat worn by Mr Fashion experts gave the nod of approval to James, were designed by Leicester College racegoers. fashion student Charlotte Samuel. Danish designer Isabell Kristensen and daughters The controversial vuvuzela made a surprise Valentina, 19, and Nichola, 17, all wore dresses appearance - but this time on a hat worn by one from her couture collection with hats by DD female racegoer. Her companion wore a hat Valentine. topped with a replica of the Jules Rimet trophy. Their outfits may not have been welcome in the Ms Kristensen, wearing a white dress with a full Royal Enclosure where a strict dress code must skirt and a matching bolero, with a large-rimmed be observed, however. black hat accessorised with pink flowers, said of Ladies' Day: "It's fantastic. It's just one massive Women must wear a hat or "substantial fashion show. fascinator" with off the shoulder and halter neck dresses, dresses with a strap of less than one inch "We love to bet on the horses, but equally we and miniskirts all banned. love looking at all the hats and the dresses. It's all so much fun. Midriffs must be covered up and trouser suits should be full length and of matching material "This is like magic today because of the and colour. wonderful weather - our dresses were blowing up in the wind yesterday! You couldn't ask for a Men must wear morning dress with a waistcoat better day for picnicking and walking around." and top hat. Milliner Louis Mariette created not one but two hats for friend Anneka Svenska - the first a Each year, the crowds consume some 170,000 sculptured pink and silver creation made of bottles of champagne, around 10,000 lobsters, cubes, and the second consisting of trailing 5,000 oysters and 18,000 punnets of strawberries artificial roses. during the five-day event.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

She said of the second hat: "It's actually monarchs have leant their patronage to the Royal comfortable. It's lovely because it feels very race course. English. The Royal Meeting, held annually in the third "I love these pieces because they create drama." week in June, is steeped in tradition and Mr Mariette said: "Every year, I'm always pageantry and is interwoven into the very fabric observing what the latest trend is, and who's of British culture. doing what. The five-day meeting commences on a Tueday "This year, there's been more effort. The ladies and each day begins with the Royal Procession - have been more adventurous, with their outfits the arrival of The Queen and the Royal party in much more vibrant and colourful. They're horse-drawn landaus, which parade along the expressing themselves more, and they're not track in front of the race- goers. The Royal afraid to do so." Procession dates back to the 1820s and the reign of King George IV, at which time it was referred He said the atmosphere was "wonderful", to as the Royal Parade or Royal Drive. adding: "Everyone is full of joie de vivre, which is what Ascot is all about." The Royal Enclosure is at the heart of Royal Ascot. Entry to the enclosure is by sponsorship Actress Lorraine Chase, wearing a black ruffled from an existing member who has attended in Dolce & Gabbana blouse with a matching skirt, four previous years. Within this area, gentlemen Chanel shoes and two contrasting black and are required to wear morning dress with a top hat white headpieces, said: "The whole day has been and ladies must wear formal day wear. wonderful. Ladies' Day is never a disappointment. The origin of this tradition can be traced back to around the time of the running of Ascot’s most "I just love it. Whether you're into racing or not, famous race, The Gold Cup, which was it doesn't matter." inaugurated in 1807 and remains to this day the 97 most important long distance horse race on the Florence Claridge, who has been attending Royal flat anywhere in the world. At that time, Beau Ascot for more than 25 years, sported a fuchsia Brummell, a close friend of the Prince Regent, pink sculptured hat by David Shilling which decreed that men of elegance should wear consisted of three large hoops linked together. 'waisted black coats and white cravats with She said she always chose a dramatic hat for the pantaloons'. event, adding: "I don't see much point in wearing a plain outfit." The Queen takes a close personal interest in the running of Ascot and is kept informed of the The Queen's outfit, fine crepe over a purple and order of running and the development of the cerise silk dress, was by Stewart Parvin, with her racing programme at the Royal Meeting. matching purple straw hat by Rachel Trevor Morgan. The Duke of Devonshire has held the formal role of 'Her Majesty’s Representative at Ascot' since Princess Eugenie wore a Diane von Furstenberg 1997 and is responsible for all aspects of the dress with a Maje jacket and a hat by Philip Royal Enclosure and the Royal Family's Treacy, with Princess Beatrice choosing a dress attendance at Ascot. by Lungta de Fancy, a hat by Philip Treacy and a jacket by Emma Lloyd, who is one of her dressers. Ascot racecourse has been redeveloped twice during The Queen's reign; the first Both princesses wore shoes by LK Bennett. redevelopment was completed in 1964 and the Other celebrities present today included second in 2006, when Her Majesty formally re- footballer Jamie Redknapp, with wife Louise, opened the new complex. During the second music mogul Simon Cowell and TV presenter redevelopment, the 2005 Royal Meeting was Declan Donnelly. staged at York Racecourse.

Royal Ascot The Queen has owned 20 winners at Royal Ascot, most recently Free Agent, who won the Ascot Racecourse was founded by Queen Anne Chesham Stakes on 21 June 2008. in 1711 and since that time, a further eleven

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Chelsea Flower Show 2011

The Queen was presented with a rare orchid opening early. Strong winds did not manage to named in her honour today as this year‟s blow over the displays or stop Mr Gavin getting Chelsea Flower Show 2011 got back to its his 50ft floating flower bed off the ground. spectacular and extravagant best during the UK's hottest spring on record. The pink pod gave celebrities who were invited aboard a view from 82ft over London and, if After tickets sold out in record time, the Chelsea reports are to be believed, into Alan Titchmarsh‟s Flower Show 2011 opened yesterday with dressing room. several well-known faces being shown around some of the most eccentric and extraordinary Mr Gavin was also introduced to the Queen, designs in the show‟s history, including one saying to her: “Thank you for coming to Ireland, suspended 80ft in the air. and as a reward I brought my garden over.” He said that she replied with “I had a brilliant time”. Dame Helen Mirren was inspired to speak of the importance of cultivating sustainable food, while Dame Helen, a regular Chelsea visitor, was Gwyneth Paltrow, her fellow actress, described inspired by the show‟s tallest garden, the 30ft how she had learnt to grow her own vegetables. tower of vegetable beds by B&Q, the DIY store. The 65-year-old Oscar winner, who posed with a Seventeen show gardens are vying for attention carnivorous nepenthes cultivar that was named and designers have been reaching for the skies, after her, said the British had always loved with efforts including the suspended “sky garden” gardening but environmental concerns made it 98 by Diarmuid Gavin, the television gardener, and more important than ever. a six-storey display, Chelsea‟s tallest yet. “This is about the way of the future for Grumblings about the lack of traditional gardening gardening,” she said. “We should use every piece and the price of entrance, with corporate guests of land we have, we should be recycling and attending the gala evening being set back by composting.” She added that she used home-made £770, were swept aside as all 157,000 tickets compost in her communal garden in London. sold in 16 days. Touts were reportedly selling tickets outside the Royal Hospital for up to £300. Miss Paltrow, making her first appearance at Chelsea, toured the allotment tower to find out Gardeners overcame fears that plants would wilt how to grow vegetables on balconies. Others in the heat by keeping flowers in fridges and attending included Ringo Starr, the pop band using more colourful June displays that are JLS, Kirstie Allsopp, Sir Terry Wogan and Dame

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Maggie Smith. Vanessa Redgrave unveiled a rose home for wildlife while solar panels and a wind named after her daughter Natasha Richardson, column generate green energy. who died two years ago. Laurent Perrier Garden by Luciano Giubbilei – A More than 600 exhibitors are at Chelsea this trio of giant stone sculptures bring gravity to the year, after garden centres recovered from the space, while a delicate bamboo structure echoes recession. Bob Sweet, head of shows the trees. The elegant garden leaves plenty of development at the Royal Horticultural Society, space for the art, with just a border of dusky pink said gardeners had their confidence back, with a and brown flowers. trend developing for growing vegetables. “After a lull, 2011 has suddenly made the corks burst The HESCO Garden by Leeds City Council – and the champagne pop,” he said. The largest ever trees used in a design frame a working water wheel to represent the city‟s Chelsea Flower Show industrial past. The mill façade is both brutal and pretty with a sympathetic planting scheme and 2011: the winners ornamental trees. Diarmuid Gavin‟s flying garden and B&Q towering allotment both won gold at this year‟s The Monaco Garden by Sarah Eberle – The Chelsea Flower Show, while the Daily Telegraph glamour of the Riviera is recreated with won Best in Show. Here are the main results: Mediterranean plants bordered by a lap pool. City living is taken into account by making the Best in Show most of small spaces with exotic plants. The Australian Garden presented by the Royal The Daily Telegraph Garden by Cleve West – A Botanic Gardens Melbourne by Jim Fogarty – serene sunken garden based on the Roman ruins The Aussie are out to prove what they can do of Libya. Three columns in the centre look to the with an ambitious garden highlighting the past, while running water and clipped yew textures and scents of Australia. Palms and hedges mix in the modern. Against the yellow flowers stand out against the rusty red earth and 99 walls and dry stone paving the bright planting encrusted with white salt. scheme adds colour and magic. The Tourism Malaysia Garden by Jamie Wong and David Cubero – An ambitious design that aims to recreate the rainforest in central London. A river runs into a pool studded with tropical water lilies and surrounded by trees dripping in foliage. Silver-Gilt Flora The Homebase Cornish Memories Garden by Tom Hoblyn – Holidays in the south west are recreated with water and plants like rhododendrons. A circular pool represents rock pools and the sea surrounded by wild Cornish plants. Gold The Irish Sky Garden for Failte Ireland and Cork City Council by Diarmuid Gavin – The garden everybody is talking about as the former Gardener‟s World presenter makes a return to the show. The centrepiece is a bright pink pod suspended 82ft off the ground by a crane and surrounded by cartoon-esque green hedges.

The B&Q Garden by Laurie Chetwood and Patrick Collins – At 30ft tall, the highest garden ever built at Chelsea. The towering allotment is stuffed with fruits, vegetables and edible flowers. Insect hotels made by school children provide a

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

The Wild Garden for the Royal Bank of Canada by Nigel Dunnet – An old shipping container has been converted into an outdoor room with a green roof. The garden contains the first full size rain garden at Chelsea and different wet habitats for animals.

M&G Investments by Bunny Guinness – This “kitchen garden with a twist‟ was designed for the main sponsors of the show. It brings together the trend for grow-your-own vegetables with daring design including a floating glass balcony. Trailfinders Australian Garden presented by Fleming‟s Nurseries by Ian Barker – Inspired by the epic voyage of the Endeavour, one of the first English ships to Australia, the garden has a nautical theme. A shelter looks like the canvas sails of a boat and the plants are all from discoveries made by the great botanist Sir Joseph Banks at the time.

The Cancer Research UK Garden by Robert Myers – A coastal landscape is created through water, timber, and rock planted with different flowers. The garden represents renewal as the visitor rises from a barren seashore to a lush 100 refuge. A shelter Silver Flora he plants are The SKYShades Garden by Marney Hall – A tanist Sir studio office powered by solar panels is set amid wild planting. A natural stream and trees create homes for frogs and birds and flowers and hedgerows are native species. rs

The Times Eureka Garden in association with the r, timber, Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew by Marcus he garden Barnett – A structure made from recycled plastic om a barren is shaped like capillaries to represent the body, while medicinal plants like foxgloves and geranium are celebrated for their beauty and usefulness.

A Beautiful Paradise (Making memories with a green poem) by Ishihara Kazuyuki – The designer almost pulled out of the show after the mid wild devastating earthquake in Japan. homes for All the crew had family and friends affected by re native the disaster. But instead he created a new garden to full of whispering trees, trickling water and soft greens and whites. th the British Heart Foundation Garden by Ann-Marie Powell – Striking red sculptures like the arteries tt to the heart and blood red stepping stones stand aped like out in the green garden. The design is meant to medicinal raise awareness of the work of the charity on its brated fo 50th birthday.

Government Initiatives IQ Q UEEN AT 85

G overnment Initiatives IQ 3 Here’s to 85 To help celebrate her Majesty’s 85th Birthday, Virgin Unite are encouraging people to contribute their time to support their local and global communities.

For ways on how you might give your time check out our 85 ideas at www.virginunite.com/85ideas UK Registered Charity Number 297540 QUEEN AT 85 England and Wales Cricket Board

A message from Buckingham David Collier, Palace to mark the Ashes success in Chief Executive 2005 or the of the England presentation of the and Wales teams to Her Majesty at our Cricket Board international matches. The years 1926 and 2011 are recorded in history as very Cricket is part of special ones for cricket in the great culture of England and Wales. our nation. Thanks to the efforts of the Cricket Foundation more than 1 For the fifth and final test match of the Ashes Series in million children have been introduced to cricket in state 1926 England recalled the 48 year old Wilfred Rhodes schools and our community clubs throughout the and provided a second Test cap to the 21 year old fast country. Our men’s and women’s teams are current bowler Harold Larwood. It was Jack Hobbs and Herbert holders of ICC world cricket titles but it is the work of Sutcliffe who led from the front for England scoring 100 the thousands of volunteers and the strength of club and and 161 respectively to enable the England Captain county cricket in villages, towns and cities throughout Percy Chapman to proudly hold aloft the Ashes on that England and Wales that adds so much enjoyment to memorable Oval day. 85 years later and Ashes history families and communities in our great nation. was repeated to the joy of all England cricket supporters when it was Andrew Strauss’s team who triumphed in 103 Australia and the celebrations could commence at the Sydney Cricket Ground.

On behalf of our 8000 clubs and cricket supporters the ECB is honoured to send our loyal greetings to Her Majesty on the occasion of the 85th birthday celebrations. 1926 and 2011 were great years for cricket 1926 was also the year in which MCC played an but it is the birthday celebrations which mark the years unofficial Test in Bombay against India – six years out to be treasured in the rich history of our nation. before the first official Test match between England and India which will culminate in the 100th encounter between these two nations in July this summer at Lord’s Cricket ground. David Collier, Her Majesty has generously graced cricket with her presence providing many of the most memorable Chief Executive of the moments for both players and spectators in attendance on England & Wales those wonderful occasions. Few will forget the scenes in Cricket Board February 1975 when Garry Sobers was knighted in Bridgetown, Barbados, Her Majesty officially opening the National Cricket Performance Centre at Loughborough University in 2003, the celebrations at

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 The Royal Household and the environment

In recent years, the challenge of measuring used to supply air conditioning to The Queen's and reducing environmental impact has Gallery. increased in importance for businesses and organisations worldwide. The Royal Cool water is pumped up from the bore hole, this Household is no different water then cools a series of plates, similar to the elements on the back of a refrigerator, which in The organisation is constantly looking at new turn is used to cool the air in The Queen's Gallery. ways of saving and supplying energy so as to remain as environmentally friendly as possible Once this water has been used for cooling, it is well into the future. recycled by topping up the water levels in the lake in the Buckingham Palace gardens. The Buckingham Palace bore hole & clean power. Ways to power Royal residences from The Royal Household has helped address the environmentally friendly power sources have local environmental issue of rising water levels been developed at Balmoral and Windsor. in London with the creation of a bore hole, dug On the Balmoral Estate a small scale hydro- in 2002 underneath the Broadwalk in the garden electricity generating plant has been developed of Buckingham Palace. London is at risk of on the Gelder Burn. The Gelder Burn runs into severe flooding unless water levels under the the River Dee about a mile south-west of the Capital are properly controlled. castle. It flows from Lochnagar, the 3,800ft 104 mountain which dominates the estate. Local environmentalists believe that new buildings can put the rising water levels to good use, for The powerful year-round flow of water should example in air conditioning systems. generate about 1MW of electricity and runs like a miniature version of the massive Scottish This is exactly what is currently being done at hydro plants that can produce 300MW of power. Buckingham Palace with the bore hole being

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

These initiatives have been welcomed by part-time staff. It therefore needs to provide heat environmental campaigners. and power for a huge number of people and purposes. Ron Harper, Deputy Property Manager at A similar scheme providing clean electricity for Buckingham Palace, is responsible for ensuring Windsor Castle was announced in November 2004. that energy is supplied efficiently and effectively. Property Section staff are committed to saving It was intended that electricity generated through energy wherever possible: a turbine connected to the existing Romney Weir would be exported to Windsor Castle. The "Every five years, issues relating to the efficient project, which was approved in Summer 2008, running of the household's heat and power has been cancelled by npower. However, the supplies are reviewed by the team here at Royal Household will consider any similar Buckingham Palace, meaning that energy hydro-electric project proposals in the future. efficiency within the Royal Household is constantly under a process of scrutiny and improvement." A water-driven turbine was installed at Balmoral in the 1920s to provide the estate with electric Heat resonance light. However, since the 1950s it has been used to power the estate sawmill. As the mill is now imaging no longer in use, staff at the estate have installed A number of energy saving devices have been a generator which allows the turbine to be installed in recent years. In 1995 heat resonance connected to the National Grid. imaging was used on the Palace to pinpoint the major areas from which heat was being lost from so Energy saving at that heat and therefore energy loss could be reduced.

Buckingham Palace It was found that most heat was being lost through As well as being The Queen's official London windows and, in particular, through skylights. As residence, Buckingham Palace is the venue for a result, double glazing has already been fitted to 105 numerous receptions, audiences and banquets a number of skylights and is planned for the skylights each year and houses approximately 600 full and above the Picture Gallery in the near future.

Government Initiatives IQ

QUEEN AT 85

The Queen's birthday 85 facts you should know about The Queen

The Queen celebrates her 85th birthday at the traditional Royal Maundy Service at Westminster Abbey. Below are 85 facts you should know about the Queen. Early years 1. The Queen was born at 2.40am on 21 April 1926 at 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, London.

2. She was the first child of The Duke and Duchess of York, who later became King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.

3. At the time she stood third in line of succession to the throne after Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), and her father, The Duke of York. But it was not expected that her father would become King, or that she would become Queen.

4. The Princess was christened Elizabeth Alexandra 107 Mary in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace. She was named after her mother, while her two middle names are those of her paternal great-grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and paternal grandmother, Queen Mary.

5. The Princess's early years were spent at 145 10. Princess Elizabeth enrolled as a Girl Guide Piccadilly, the London house taken by her when she was eleven, and later became a Sea parents shortly after her birth, and at White Ranger. Lodge in Richmond Park. 11. In 1940, at the height of the Blitz, the young 6. When she was six years old, her parents took Princesses were moved for their safety to over Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park as their Windsor Castle, where they spent most of the own country home war years.

7. Princess Elizabeth was educated at home with A Royal romance Princess Margaret, her younger sister. 12. The Queen is the first British monarch to have celebrated a Diamond Wedding 8. She received tuition from her father, as well as Anniversary. sessions with Henry Marten, the Vice-Provost of Eton. She was also instructed in religion by the 13.Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip first met Archbishop of Canterbury. when they attended the wedding of Prince Philip's cousin, Princess Marina of Greece to The 9. Princess Elizabeth also learned French from a Duke of Kent, who was an uncle of Princess number of French and Belgian governesses. It is Elizabeth, in 1934. a skill which has stood The Queen in good stead, as she often has cause to use it when speaking to 14.The engagement between Princess Elizabeth ambassadors and heads of state from French- and Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten RN was speaking countries, and when visiting French- announced on the 9th July, 1947. Prince Philip speaking areas of Canada. was born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

He joined the Royal Navy in 1939 and after the 19. There were two pages: HRH Prince William war, in February 1947, became a naturalised of Gloucester (aged 5) and HRH Prince Michael British subject. Prince Philip was required to of Kent (aged 5). choose a surname in order to continue his career in the Royal Navy, and adopted Mountbatten, the 20. The Queen's wedding dress was designed by name of his mother's British relatives. He was Sir Norman Hartnell. Norman Hartnell submitted created "Duke of Edinburgh" by King George VI designs for the dress in August 1947. on marriage. 21. The fabric for the dress was woven at 15. The platinum and diamond engagement ring Winterthur Silks Limited, Dunfermline, in the was made by the jewellers, Philip Antrobus Ltd, Canmore factory, using silk that had come from using diamonds from a tiara belonging to Prince Chinese silkworms at Lullingstone Castle. Philip's mother. 22. The Queen's Bridal Veil was made of tulle 16. Prince Philip had two stag parties the night and held by a tiara of diamonds. This tiara before the wedding - the first at the Dorchester to (which can also be worn as a necklace) was which the press were invited and the second with made for Queen Mary in 1919. It is made from his closest friends at the Belfry Club. re-used diamonds taken from a necklace/tiara purchased by Queen Victoria from 17. The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh were Collingwood and Co and a wedding present for married in Westminster Abbey on the 20th November, Queen Mary in 1893. In August, 1936, Queen 1947 at 11.30am with 2000 invited guests. Mary gave the tiara to Queen Elizabeth from whom it was borrowed by Princess Elizabeth for 18. The eight bridesmaids were: HRH The her wedding in 1947. Princess Margaret, HRH Princess Alexandra of Kent, Lady Caroline Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 23.The grave of the Unknown Warrior was the 108 Lady Mary Cambridge, Lady Elizabeth Lambart, only stone that was not covered by the special The Hon. Pamela Mountbatten, The Hon. Margaret carpet in the Abbey. The day after the wedding, Elphinstone, The Hon. Diana Bowes-Lyon. Princess Elizabeth followed a Royal tradition Sony Pictures Releasing

Congratulates HM Queen Elizabeth II on this very special occasion

And is proud to be associated with Government Initiatives IQ – Queen Elizabeth at 85

Our forthcoming releases include: Zookeeper The Smurfs Anonymous Arthur Christmas The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo

www.sonypictures.co.uk © 2011 Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. QUEEN AT 85

started by her mother, of sending her wedding Abbey in the Ball Supper-room at Buckingham bouquet back to the Abbey to be laid on this Palace. The menu was Filet de Sole grave. Mountbatten, Perdreau en Casserole, Bombe Glacee Princess Elizabeth. 24.The bride's wedding ring was made from a nugget of Welsh gold which came from the 28.The couple departed Waterloo station with the Clogau St David's mine near Dolgellau. Princess's corgi, Susan, for their honeymoon.

29.The newlyweds spent their wedding night at 25. Around 10,000 telegrams of congratulations Broadlands in Hampshire, home of Prince were received at Buckingham Palace and the Philip's uncle Earl Mountbatten. The second part Royal couple received over 2,500 wedding of the honeymoon was spent at Birkhall on the presents from well-wishers around the world. Balmoral Estate.

26. As well as jewellery from their close 30. Early in 1948 the couple leased their first relatives, including the King and Queen, the marital home, Windlesham Moor, in Surrey, near couple received many useful items for the Windsor Castle, where they stayed until they kitchen and home, including salt cellars from the moved to Clarence House on 4th July 1949. Queen, a bookcase from Queen Mary, and a picnic case from Princess Margaret. 31. After marrying Princess Elizabeth, The Duke of Edinburgh continued his naval career, 27.The "wedding breakfast" (lunch) was held reaching the rank of Lieutenant-Commander in after the marriage ceremony at Westminster command of the frigate HMS Magpie.

110

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

32. Although he was The Queen's husband, The an unprecedented family documentary. Her Duke of Edinburgh was not crowned or anointed greeting took the form of a written address. at the Coronation ceremony in 1953. He was the first subject to pay Homage to Her Majesty, and 40. In her 1991 message, the Queen silenced kiss the newly crowned Queen by stating "I, rumours of abdication as she pledged to continue Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, do become your liege to serve. man of life and limb, and of earthly worship; and faith and truth I will bear unto you, to live and 41. The Queen issued a writ against The Sun die, against all manner of folks. So help me God." newspaper after it published the full text of her 1992 broadcast two days before transmission. 33. Prince Philip has accompanied The Queen on She later accepted an apology and a £200,000 all her Commonwealth tours and State visits, as donation to charity. well as on public engagements in all parts of the UK. The first of these was the Coronation tour of 42. The Queen's grandfather, King George V, the Commonwealth from November 1953 to delivered the first royal Christmas broadcast live May 1954, when the couple visited Bermuda, on the radio from Sandringham in 1932. Jamaica, Panama, Fiji, Tonga, New Zealand, Australia, Cocos Islands, Ceylon, Aden, Uganda, 43. George V was at first unsure about using the Libya, Malta and Gibraltar, travelling a distance relatively untried medium of the wireless, but of 43,618 miles. eventually agreed.

34. The Coronation took place in Westminster 44. There was no Christmas broadcast in 1936 or Abbey on 2 June 1953. It was a solemn 1938, and it was the outbreak of the Second ceremony conducted by Dr Geoffrey Fisher, World War in 1939 that firmly established the Archbishop of Canterbury. tradition. 35. The Coronation was followed by drives 45. Last year the Queen delivered her address 111 through every part of London, a review of the from Hampton Court Palace - the first time the fleet at Spithead, and visits to Scotland, Northern historic building had been used. Ireland and Wales. 46. The speech is written by the Queen and each 36.The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh have has a strong religious framework, reflects current four children: Prince Charles, The Prince of issues and often draws on her own experiences. Wales (b. 1948), Princess Anne, The Princess Royal (b. 1950), Prince Andrew, The Duke of 47. The next Queen's speech will not take place York (b. 1960), and Prince Edward, The Earl of until the spring of 2012 due to the 2012 speech Wessex (b. 1964). being cancelled by the coalition government.

37.With the birth of Prince Andrew in 1960, The Interest and hobbies Queen became the first reigning Sovereign to 48. An animal lover since childhood, The Queen give birth to a child since Queen Victoria, whose takes a keen and highly knowledgeable interest youngest child, Princess Beatrice, was born in in horses. As an owner and breeder of 1857. thoroughbreds, she often visits other race meetings to watch her horses run, and also 38.The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh have frequently attends equestrian events. eight grandchildren - Peter Phillips (b. 1977), Zara Phillips (b. 1981) Prince William (b. 1982), 49. She attends the Derby at Epsom, one of the Prince Harry (b. 1984), Princess Beatrice (b. classic flat races in Britain, and the Summer 1988), Princess Eugenie (b. 1990), Lady Louise Race Meeting at Ascot, which has been a Royal Windsor (b. 2003) and James, Viscount Severns occasion since 1911. (b. 2007) She has one great-grandchild Savannah (b. 2011) 50. The Queen's horses won races at Royal Ascot on a number of occasions. There was a notable Queen's speeches double on 18 June 1954 when Landau won the 39. The Queen has delivered a Christmas Rous Memorial Stakes and a stallion called message every year except in 1969, when she Aureole won the Hardwicke Stakes, and in 1957 decided the royals had been on TV enough after The Queen had four winners during Ascot week.

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

many of the finest evening dresses in Her Majesty’s wardrobe. His signature style of the 1940s and 1950s was full-skirted dresses in sumptuous silks and duchesse satins

57. Hardy Amies began designing clothes for The Queen in the early 1950s and established his name with the deceptive simplicity of his accomplished tailoring. The portraits by Cecil Beaton released to mark Her Majesty’s birthday in 1969 the are amongst the most memorable designs by Hardy Amies.

58. In the 1970s The Queen awarded her patronage to Ian Thomas, who was an assistant designer to Norman Hartnell before setting up his own salon. Thomas’s flowing chiffon dresses from the 1970s reflect the relaxed style of the decade. Maureen Rose of the same house continued to design for Her Majesty after Ian’s death until the late 80’s.

59. Between 1988 and 1996, Her Majesty’s dresses were designed by John Anderson. His business partner Karl Ludwig Rehse took over 112 the mantle after his death in 1988 and the Queen still wears his designs today.

60. Stewart Parvin, the youngest of Her Majesty’s designers, trained at Edinburgh College of Art. He began to design for The 51. Other interests include walking in the Queen in 2000 and continues to do so. countryside and working her Labradors, which were bred at Sandringham. 61. Angela Kelly is Personal Assistant and Senior Dresser to The Queen. 52. A lesser known interest is Scottish country dancing. Each year during her stay at Balmoral Her role includes designing for The Queen, Castle, The Queen gives dances known as which she has done since 2002. Angela and her Gillies' Balls, for neighbours, estate and Castle team try and use both old and new fabrics when staff and members of the local community. designing. Some of the material they incorporate has been given to Her Majesty many years ago, 53. The Queen is the only person in Britain who some dates from when she was Princess Elizabeth. can drive without a licence or a registration number on her car. And she doesn't have a passport. Birthdays 54. The Queen is patron to more than 600 charities 62. The Queen celebrates two birthdays each year: her actual birthday on 21 April and her 55. To formally greet the Queen men should official birthday on a Saturday in June. perform a neck bow (from the head only) whilst women do a small curtsy. On presentation to The 63. The Queen usually spends her actual birthday Queen, the correct formal address is 'Your privately, but the occasion is marked publicly by Majesty' and subsequently 'Ma'am'. gun salutes in central London at midday: a 41 gun salute in Hyde Park, a 21 gun salute in Fashion Windsor Great Park and a 62 gun salute at the Tower of London. 56. Norman Hartnell, who first worked for the then Princess Elizabeth in the 1940s, produced 64. In 2006, Her Majesty celebrated her 80th

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85

Birthday in 2006 with a walkabout in the streets 2002, including visiting 70 cities and towns outside of Windsor Castle to meet well-wishers. around the UK 65. On her official birthday, Her Majesty is 76. Tony Blair was the first prime minister to be joined by other members of the Royal Family at born during her reign, which has already seen the spectacular Trooping the Colour parade nine prime ministers which moves between Buckingham Palace, The Mall and Horseguards’ Parade. 77. The Queen has sat through 91 state banquets and posed for 139 official portraits 113 And the rest... 78. Technically The Queen still owns the 66. Queen Elizabeth II is the fortieth monarch sturgeons, whales and dolphins in the waters since William the Conqueror around the UK which are recognised as 'Fishes Royal'. She also owns all wild 'mute' swans 67. She has visited Australia 15 times, Canada 23 living in open water. times, Jamaica six times and New Zealand ten times 79. The Queen introduced a new breed of dog known as the "dorgi", when one of the corgis 68. She has sent around 100,000 telegrams to mated with a dachshund named Pipkin centenarians in the UK and the Commonwealth 80. The Queen is the first British monarch to see 69. The Queen has launched 23 ships and met three of her children divorce five astronauts at Buckingham Palace 81. She demoted a footman for feeding her 70. She first flew in an aeroplane in July 1945 corgis whisky 71. She is the only British monarch in history 82. The Queen has nine Royal thrones - One at properly trained to change a spark plug the House of Lords, two at Westminster Abbey, and six in the throne room at Buckingham 72. On VE Day she and her sister slipped into the Palace. crowd to celebrate 83. She is a Patron of the Royal Pigeon Racing 73. She collected clothing coupons for her Association. One of the Queen's birds is called wedding dress Sandringham Lightning 74. The Queen has a bank account at Coutts & 84. There have been six Archbishops of Co. There is a Coutts cash-dispensing machine in Canterbury during the Queen's reign Buckingham Palace 85. The Queen is 5ft 4 inches or 160cm tall. 75. The Queen celebrated her Golden Jubilee in

Government Initiatives IQ QUEEN AT 85 Reference

1. Trooping the Colour Saxe-Coburg & Gotha (1837-1917) & the Windsor’s 1917-present day The Queen’s Early Life- Education, Marriage & Family Elizabeth II – Wedding - How they met, the wedding day & Life after the wedding The Role of the Sovereign The Queen and the UK- Queen and the Armed Forces The Queen and the Commonwealth The Queen and Religion Royal Finances The Crown Jewels Buckingham Palace- History of Buckingham Palace Windsor Castle- History of Windsor Castle Clarence House – History of Clarence House St James Palace Sandringham House – History of Sandringham House Palace of Holyroodhouse 114 Balmoral Castle – History of Balmoral Castle The Royal Mews – History of the Royal Mews The Queens Transport – Cars, Carriages, Trains, Air Travel & Royal Yacht Britannia The Queens Speech at the Irish State Dinner Royal Ascot Royal involvement with charities The Royal Household and the environment The Queen and Animals – Family pets, Racing-Royal Ascot & Animal patronage Available at: www.royal.gov.uk [Online] 2. The Queen’s Birthday Honours List Available at: www.direct.gov.uk - News [online] 3. Royal Romance - By Wendy Leigh 4. Balcony Kisses Seal Royal Wedding Available at: www.bbc.co.uk - News [online] 5. Queen Elizabeth II Hosts President Obama The Queen Visits Ireland The Queen and I - Available at: www.dailymail.co.uk - News [online] 6. Chelsea Flower Show 2011 The Queen’s Birthday - 85 Facts You Should Know About the Queen Available at: www.telegraph .co.uk - News [online] 7. Queen Elizabeth At Royal Ascot Available at: www.independent.co.uk – News [online] 8. Royal Patronage of the Performing Arts. Available at: www.balletnews.co.uk 9. The Royal British Legion. Available at: www.britishlegion.org.uk

Government Initiatives IQ

Happy Birthday to Her Majesty The Queen

From everyoneeveryone at TJ Hughes, the nation’snation’s longest established famous brands discount department store, servingserving Great Britain since 1912.

Y\[jY\[j›]lie`kli\]lie`kli\ ›_fd\_fd\ ›\c\Zki`ZXc\c\Zki`ZXc ›kmXl[`fkm  Xl[`f ›kfpjkffppj ›Zcfk_`e^Zcfk_`e^ ›]ffkn\Xi]ffkn\Xi ›Y\XlkpY\Xlkp

Est. 19121912

BUY ONLINE TELEPHONE ORDER 57 DEPARTMENT STORES www.tjhughes.co.uk 0845 605 1912 0845 605 1912 www.tjhughesoutlet.co.uk Mon-Fri 8am-8pm · Sat 9am-6pm · Sun 10am-5pm FOR YOUR NEAREST STORE