VISIONS TO REALITY Scaling Up Marine Science and Conservation 2018 VISIONS TO REALITY
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COVER Main Image: In early March (two months before Falkor departed for the same mission), two saildrones were deployed from San Francisco to be a part of the "Voyage to the White Shark Café" expedition.They transmitted data in real-time since their departure, listening for the acoustic tags that were attached to sharks, while also scanning with a sonar to detect the deep scattering layer. Hexagon 1: A cirrate octopus has ear-like fins that they use for propulsion. Hexagon 2: Dr. Camilli directs the delicate deployment of a glider from Falkor's aft deck. Hexagon 3: A tall chimney in a new hydrothermal vent field discovered in 2018. Hexagon 4: Trent Lukaczyk prepares a Flightwave Edge for a test flight from the storage deck of the R/V Falkor.
THIS PAGE Researchers and ship crew inspect an AUV at the beginning of the "Pescadero Vent" expedition. REPO REPO
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2018 CONTENTS T T Table of
4 accelerate marinescience and clouddataanalytics Visions comingtrue Visions Artificial Intelligence Artistic endeavors INSPIRING INSPIRING DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE DIGITIZING MARINELIFE ACCELERATE MARINESCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACCELERATE MARINESCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEAND CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS CLOUD DATAANALYTICS TECHNICAL INNOVATION TECHNICAL INNOVATION AND SEAFLOORHABITATS SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS SCALABLE OCEANRESEARCHWITH AND SEAFLOORHABITATS SCALING UPMARINECONSERVATIONWITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS SCALABLE OCEANRESEARCHWITH AND SHARING ARTISTIC AND SHARING ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS ENDEAVORS 55 29 7 supply airventilationfancapacity. Implemented upgradestoincreasemainbusscapacityandthe Eme gen Gene ato Replaced allofthecoolerplates. Sea Wate Coole Conducted majoroverhaul. Po t MainEngineCl t h Performed majoroverhaulof14cylinderheads. Main Engine FALKOR ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT ROV SUBASTIAN interactive researchandanalysisoftheseafloor. automated linefollowingcapabilitytocombinetheseimagesetsintodetailed3Dand2Dmodelsfor stereo-imagery oftheseaflooraroundseeps,vents,andwhalefalls.ThisskidutilizesSuBastian'snew SOI's engineersdevelopedaphotomosaicingskidmountedunderSuBastiantocollecthighresolution Seafloo Ste eoImage Capa ilit land-based operatingstation. Designed andtestedin-housearchitectureallowingcontrolofSuBastiantetheredtoFalkorfroma Remote Ope ationofROVS Ba tian providing historicaldataforfuturestudies. saved inarepositoryallowingtheirusebyscientistsaroundtheglobeand better exposuretotheskyandcollectionofimportantnewdata. Data are Falkor's suiteofsunlightsensorswererelocatedandexpanded,allowingfor I adian e Sen o information allowsreviewbyshoresidecollaboratorsandstaff. time stampingandgeoofROVscienceevents.Onlineaccesstothis operations aswellscientificROVoperations,allowingforeasyannotation, Developed softwareloggingsystemtotrackvehicletechnicalandscientific ROV E entLogge FALKOR SCIENCEDEPARTMENT Numbers andmetrics technical innovation Scaling upmarine conservation with Improvements & developments targets, anddirectingtheROVtokeystudysites. using reconnaissancemappingtopinpointsubsea and diveefficienciesworkingsimultaneouslywithAUVs Added newoperationalprocedurestomaximizeshiptime Ope ational P o ed e waypoints areexecuted. line following and control overthespeedat which Added new waypoint execution mode for much tighter Bette Vehi leCont ol A stepahead: unauthorized computersorusers. implementation ofasophisticatedsoftwaresystemthatprotectstheentirenetworkfrom Redesigned theenrollmentprocessforwirelessandwirednetworksthrough C e e it al o Net o En ollment vessel first! system tosupportscientists'andresearchers'newemergingtechnologies.Aresearch Installed GraphicsProcessingUnitpowertoFalkor'sHighPerformanceComputer High Pe fo man eComp ting (2013-2018) FALKOR AUDIOVISUAL/INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYELECTRONICS INSPIRING DIGITIZING MARINELIFE ACCELERATE MARINESCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEAND CLOUD DATAANALYTICS TECHNICAL INNOVATION AND SEAFLOORHABITATS SCALING UPMARINECONSERVATIONWITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS SCALABLE OCEANRESEARCHWITH Ship-to-Sho e VideoEnhan ement ARTISTIC AND SHARING ENDEAVORS By usingthecorevideomatrixandcuttingedgeaudio distribution Falkorcrewmemberscannowroutereal-time events totheencodersandpushthemstraightinternet over thesatelliteconnection. 12 58 35 SuBastain onasingledive. including the integration of 19 new pieces of equipment onto Expanded growinginventoryofscientificinstrumentation, E ipment provide lowervoltagerange(i.e5v,6v,12v&24v). integration (i.e.110v-220v)andaddedvoltageregulatorsto instruments tohaveagreaterpowerrangeforsensor Installed asciencetransformertoallowresearchers' Mo e Po e Option Above Above Table 5.0 Table Start : 3D Overviewthe proposed of
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FALKOR Scientific publicationsand Digitalizing marinelife and seafloorhabitats 2018 Highlights Making waves presentations INSPIRING DIGITIZING MARINELIFE ACCELERATE MARINESCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEAND CLOUD DATAANALYTICS TECHNICAL INNOVATION AND SEAFLOORHABITATS SCALING UPMARINECONSERVATIONWITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS SCALABLE OCEANRESEARCHWITH AND SHARING ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS 43 2018 16 62 Scalable oceanresearch with autonomousrobots
5 Inspiring and Photo credits INSPIRING INSPIRING DIGITIZING MARINELIFE DIGITIZING MARINELIFE ACCELERATE MARINESCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEAND CLOUD DATAANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINESCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEAND CLOUD DATAANALYTICS TECHNICAL INNOVATION AND SEAFLOORHABITATS SCALING UPMARINECONSERVATIONWITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS SCALABLE OCEANRESEARCHWITH TECHNICAL INNOVATION AND SEAFLOORHABITATS SCALING UPMARINECONSERVATIONWITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS SCALABLE OCEANRESEARCHWITH AND SHARING ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS AND SHARING ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS Above Above Table 5.0 Table Start : 3D Overviewthe proposed of sharing
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2018 A workingplatform Front andcenter Collaborators REALITY REALITY VISIONS TO VISIONS TO 26 53 09 68 07 06 REALITY REALITY VISIONS TO VISIONS TO 09 07 06
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2018 2018 2018 REPOR REPOR ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL R R autonomous robot's deployment. Opah off R/VFalkor'saftdeckduringthe University ofHawaiiManoa,guideLRAUV (MBARI), andGabeForeman, of Bay AquariumResearch Institute andBrianKieft,ofMonterey John Ryan T T
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6 Artificial Intelligence andRobotics Begin to Transform Ocean Conservation andResearch remotely operatedvehicleSuBastian onboard. sea supporting11selectresearch projects, including135dayswith productive yearin2018.Research vesselFalkorspent243daysat innovation, SchmidtOceanInstitutecompleteditsbusiestandmost Established nearlyadecadeagotoadvanceoceanresearch with research, conservation,andmanagementatscale. technology frontiers canoffer effective toolstoaccelerateocean The developmentsinrobotics, artificialintelligence(AI),andother in our ability to understand,foresee, andaverttheirharmful effects. Global scaleandfuriousrateofchangecallfordramaticacceleration quarter ofallknownoceanicspeciesare losingaplacetocallhome. overexploitation push marine life to the edge of survival. More than a Rapid oceanwarming,acidification,deoxygenation,pollution,and activity intherecent decades. nutrients andresources -despitetheglobaldisturbances from human the oxygenwebreathe, regulated ourweather, andsuppliedcritical part in sustaining it. For millennia, the seas have produced most of earliest emergenceoflifeonEarth,theoceanhasplayedacrucial water istheprincipalhabitabilitycriterioninastrobiology. From the The oceangiveslife.Itisnosurprisethattheabundanceofliquid VISIONS COMINGVISIONS TRUE - Wendy Schmidt. research. we canpushtheexistingboundariesofmarine Falkor willcomeupwith,andhow, together, scientists whoconductresearch onboard are alwaysexcitedandcurioustoseewhat the new ways oceanography will be done. We At SOI,weare gearingupforthefuture, and
7 to oceanographicresearchers around theworld. This shiftwillmakecriticalelementsofmarinefieldscienceaccessible excellent observationaldatacanreduce operationalcostsandrisks. where operational flexibility, endurance, low environmental impact, and how theSaildrones can be appliedtofuture seagoingoceanography, next project acouplethousand milesaway. Theseexamplesshow the Saildrones dutieswere extendedtotrackanoceanicfront forSOI’s why thesharksmay be drawntothisarea. Followingthe expedition, closer tothesurfaceenhancebiologicalproduction; agoodreason rich sensordatathatshowedhowsmall-scaleeddiesdrawnutrients Their earlyentranceinformedthescientificsamplingplans,gathering arrival. Saildrones surveyedtheregion foramonthaheadofFalkor’s Traversing thousands ofmileshalfwaybetweenHawaiiandCalifornia, Shark Cafétostudywhythisremote area attracts white sharks. wind and solarpowered vehicles,were launched to theWhite took placeinFebruarywhentwoSaildrones, unmannedsurface and betterconserveourocean.Oneexampleofthistransformation in 2018toillustratehowwecanscaleourcapacityunderstand discuss aseriesoftransformativeinnovationsdemonstratedbySOI numbers isthetrueimpactofprogram. Inthisreport, we These are allrecords forSOI.However, whathidesbehindthese Co-founders EricandWendy Schmidt.
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2018 2018 2018 to find and sample within the cruise timeframe. to findandsamplewithinthecruise timeframe. rapidly changingseafloorthat would otherwisebevirtuallyimpossible atseatoquicklyfindtheareas learning of scientificinterest andstudy Ridge off thecoastofOregon. Theyusedunsupervisedmachine deep seafloorfrom 1.3millionphotosacquired onsiteatHydrate compiled thelargestknowncentimeter-resolution color3Dmapof In July, teamsfrom theUniversitiesofSouthamptonandTokyo, Falkor’s sciencecontrol room. robotic oceansurveyswhilerequiring onlyonehumanobserverin resolution and3D.Theadvancedsoftware managedsuccessfulmulti- as theymappedthedynamicsubtropical pacificoceanfront inhigh automatically guidedozensofaerial,surface,andsubmarinerobots developed OceanSpaceCentersoftware thatwasusedinMayto progressed. SOI,incollaborationwiththeUniversityofPorto,also time planningofoperationstocollectvaluabledataasthesurvey high performancecomputer. Themodelwasanalyzedtoinformreal multi-vehicle oceansurveysoftware from aboard FalkorusingSOI’s (MIT) andUniversityofSydneytestedartificialintelligence(AI)-based time. InJanuary, teamsfrom MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology toolstosupportmarinescienceandmanagementinnearreal learning Several projects this yearfocused on developingAI and machine REPOR REPOR ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL R R T T
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8 to connectscientistswithgreater numbersofpeopleonshore. the SmithsonianMuseumandAquarium ofthePacifichaveallowedus and featured in15documentariesthisyear. Newcollaborationswith in real timeonourYouTube channelbymore thanhalfamillionpeople groups. High-resolution imageryfrom ROVSuBastianhasbeenviewed people intheircommunities,schools,workplaces,andrecreation discovery and development, SOI continues to bring the ocean to workplaces, andrecreation of theseuniquejourneys groups. With continues tobringtheoceanpeopleintheircommunities,schools, ofdiscoveryanddevelopment,SOI theseuniquejourneys With future ofoceanography. areand machinelearning onthepathtobecomeindispensablefor intelligently surveyedwithinninedays.Highlightedbytheseprojects, AI annotations. In a successful demo, 11,000 square miles of ocean were thespecificsofsuchtasksfromto learn diverseoceandataandexpert hotspots" withoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed todosoandbyhaving could "locategasseeps","find rock formations",and"surveybiological researchers testednon-deterministicoceansurveying,where robots deep spacethatwilltoleratelargecommunicationslatencies.The developing advancedAIforautonomousplanetaryexplorationin During thefinalexpeditionofyear, Falkorhostedateamofroboticists for theexperimentalArtificialIntelligencesoftware todecipher. AUVs withdifferent mappingcapabilitiesandspecialties togatherthebathymetrydata AUVs andprocessed byunsupervisedalgorithms.Theexpeditionusedasuiteof expedition inR/VFalkor'scontrol room, usingthemapsandimagesacquired bythe Dr. guidesoneofROVSuBastian'sdivesduringthe"AdaptiveRobotics" BlairThornton one oftheTop 10OceanInfluencers. one ofthereasons SOIwasnamedbyMarineTechnology Reporteras joy andexcitementofourdiscoveriesachievements.Thisisjust 2018 wasa remarkably productive year for science,and for sharing the anyone canread thedetailsfrom research doneatsea. And SOIhelpstomakeFalkor-related scientificarticlesopenaccessso sediments ontheseafloor, allowingthedetectionoflayerswithinsediments,faults,anddepthtobasement rock. (analogous to topography on land), the sidescan sonars produce imagery based on the intensity of the sound energy’s reflections, and the sub-bottom profiler penetrates simultaneously duringamission:swathmultibeamsonar, twosidescansonars,andasub-bottomprofiler. Themultibeamsonarproduces high-resolution bathymetry Crew ofthe"Pescadero Vent" expeditionrecover themappingAUVD.AllanB.Thisautonomousunderwatervehicleisequippedwithfoursonarsthatoperate
9 marine discoveriesthathavemarked2018. projects andresearch teams,technicalinnovations,andwondrous hope youwillbeinspired asmuchwehavebeenbyoursupported sharing ourincredible footage,andconnectingwiththepublic.We we are contributing to the arts,advancingROV SuBastian’s capabilities, foundation of success for the future. Readers will finddetailson how This yearourreport isorganizedbythemesthatare buildinga
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AE2000f was the "Adaptive Robotics" expedition's scout. It would cruise at about 20km/h, collecting preliminary images of the seafloor: this data was then used to determine where the rest of the robots should focus their efforts.
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ANNUAL 8 REPONUMBERSRT 2018 AND METRICS 2013-2018
8 6 VISIONS TO 8 of YouTube REALITYVideo Watched ANNUAL 8 6 REPORT LIVE SHIP TO SHORE PEOPLE REACHED PEOPLE WELCOMED Through Community onto Falkor for Tours CONNECTIONS of YouTube Video Viewed By 8,187 People Presentations Watched LIVE SHIP 8 TO SHORE PEOPLE 6 REACHED PEOPLE 8 WELCOMED
CONNECTIONSDOCUMENTARIES ThroughUsed Community the SOI Website onto FalkorVIEWS for Tours ViewedAND By 8,187 E HIBITS People Presentations on YouTube, 51% Increase Using SOI footage from 2017
8 6 8 DOCUMENTARIES Used the SOI Website VIEWS AND E HIBITS on YouTube, 51% Increase 8Using SOI footage from 2017
REACHED 8 People on Facebook Impressions on Twitter Instagram Likes ROV ROV Hrs livestreamed 8 Dives Samples on YouTube Collected REACHED 8 8 People on Facebook Impressions on Twitter Instagram Likes ROV ROV Hrs livestreamed Dives Samples on YouTube Collected 6 REPORTS 6 GB DATA ILES 8 Sent to and Quality Processed Falkor and SuBastian Data 6 Downloaded from MGDS by SAMOS Downloaded from MGDS
6 6 6 REPORTSKM2 6 GB DATA ILES Science Days UAVs Sent to ofand Falkor Quality Mapping Processed Data Merged Falkor and SuBastian Data 6 TB Downloaded from MGDS Launched by SAMOSinto GMRT since 2012 DownloadedDA S O from DATA MGDS of Data Totaling Sent to SAMOS 31.3 Hours 6 6 AUV Dives KM2 Science Days Km traveled. UAVs of Falkor Mapping Data Merged TB A Distance Greater Launched into GMRT since 2012 DA S O DATA of Data Than Circling the Globe 6 Totaling Sent to SAMOS 9 Times Scientists CTD Casts 31.3 Hours from 165 Institutions Students in 30 Countries Km traveled. AUV Dives A Distance Greater Than Circling the Globe 6 Created through the Program in 10 Different Cities 9 Times Scientists CTD Casts from 165 Institutions Students in 30 Countries Created through the Program in 10 Different Cities 12 13 VISIONS TO REALITY
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ANNUAL 01 07 REPORCoo dinatedT Ro oti : Adaptive Robotics at Barkley ʻAuʻAu Channel Canyon & Hydrate Ridge Number: FK180119 Number: Fk180731 The deep ocean is still one of Location: Honolulu, United States Location: Astoria, United States Date: January - February Date: August the least explored frontiers in the solar system. Maps of our planet are not as detailed as 02 08 those of Mercury, Venus, Mars Eddy Exploration and Hunting Bubbles: Understanding or the Moon, because it is Plumes of Seafloor Methane Ecosystem Dynamics hard to map underwater. This Number: FK180310 Number: FK190824 Location: Honolulu, United States Location: Astoria to San Francisco, United States is the frontier. Date: March - April Date: August - September 07 - Robert Zierenberg, 03 09 Principal Investigator. 08 Voyage to the White Cha a te i ing Venting and Seepage Sha Caf Along the California Coast Number: FK180420 Number: FK181005 Location: Honolulu to San Diego, United States Location: San Francisco to San Diego, United States Date: April - May Date: October 09
04 10 Exploring Fronts with Interdisciplinary Investigation of a New Conducted research in Mexican 06 Hydrothermal Vent Field waters working closely with the U.S. Multiple Robots Embassy in Mexico City. Hosted a Number: FK180528 Number: FK181031 foreign observer from the Deputy General 04 Location: San Diego, United States Location: San Diego, United States to Directorate of Oceanography, Hydrography Date: June Manzanillo, Mexico and Meteorology onboard Falkor for the cruise Date: November and will be sharing the expedition data with local scientific agencies. 03 05 11 10 Hosted tours on Falkor for several Solving Microbial Mysteries New Approaches To Autonomous Exploration At The Costa Rican Shelf Costa Rican dignitaries and U.S. with Autonomous Technology Embassy affiliates in San Jose. Break Number: FK190624 Number: FK181210 Location: San Diego, United States Location: Puntarenas, Costa Rica Date: June - July Date: December
05 06 The Seeping Ca adia 02 11 Ma gin Number: FK180722 Location: San Diego to Astoria, United States Date: July - August 01
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2018 2018 2018 for managementandpolicy-making. more scalableapproach thatcanpresent follow-onbenefits vehicles willmakehabitatmappingsimplerandeasierfora underwater vehicles.Refiningtechniquesusingseveral and data-drivensiteselectionwithmultipleautonomous Demonstrated from aboard Falkorcoordinated operations 2018 Highlights MAKING WAVES Coordinated Robotics2,Hawaii robots tocollaborateandshare knowledge Improved marinesurveysbyteaching REPOR REPOR ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL after dark. with theNextGenvehicle,long Toohey continuetheirwork andDr.Prof. Williams Lachlan R R T T
2018 T T Long RangeAUVs Environmental SamplingProcessors on Achieved thelongestdeploymentof Eddy Exploration&EcosystemDynamics,Hawaii seawater temperatures increase. surface, thisisimportantbaselineinformation tohaveas to determinemicrobial communitiesfoundattheocean Seawater collectedwiththeLRAUVsisbeingsequenced and allow for sampling in remote or dangerous locations. are the only AUVs that can survey filtered seawater in situ range autonomousunderwatervehicles(LRAUVs);they Completed thefirstopenoceandeploymentoflong
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Voyage totheWhiteShark Cafe,California high seas. ecosystem andcontributetotheconservation efforts ofthe density data.The data will illuminate this little-studied vehicles, gathering crucial ocean currents and animal Falkor, SuBastian,andtwoSaildrone autonomoussurface achieved withamulti-platformsamplingprogram coupling productivity ofawhitesharkcongregation zone.Thiswas Documented theoceanographicconditionsandbiological shipboard eDNA Protected whitesharkswithSaildrones and studies inachangingclimate. temporal resolution, as well as coverage, required for ocean step towards achievingthelevelsofpersistence,spatialand communication. Thetechnologiesrepresent animportant underwater, surface,andaerialvehiclesusingopen-source of amajoroceanfront withmultipleautonomous Tracked, mapped,andsampledamesoscalefilament Exploring Fronts withMultipleRobots,California robots ocean front usingacoordinated fleetof Located andmappedaPacificsubtropical in-situ incubators. Chief ScientistAndrew Babbinexaminesthe moderating climaticchanges. will helpscientistsbetterunderstandthe ocean’s role in The refinements inlowoxygenmarinesystemoperations interact witheachotherandtheirchemicalenvironment. incubations will provide better insight into how microbes in anoxygendeficientoceansystem.Theseawater allowing shipboard scientistsnear-continuous monitoring Tested andrefined anautonomous insituincubationdevice Solving Microbial Mysteries,California oxygen depletionintheocean understand howmarinelifeadaptsto Tested insitumicrobial incubatorsto
17 mural ofthePseudoliparisswireighostfish. sculpture, portraitpainting,cyanotypeprints, and a life-size painting performance,oceanscaperesin art,woodworking marine technicians with striking art forms including a light artists captured themapping work of their flowactivityforfuture observationand research. The to identifywhere hydrocarbon seepsare occurringand Student Opportunitiesparticipants.Themapswillbeused unsurveyed methaneseepregion withsixartistsandtwo Created detailed mid-waterandseafloor maps inan artistic visualizationofmarinedata Reached non-scienceaudienceswith The Seeping Cascadia Margin, Oregon The SeepingCascadiaMargin,Oregon 2018 REALITY REALITY VISIONS TO VISIONS TO REALITY REALITY Falkor’s shipboard VISIONS TO VISIONS TO
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2018 2018 2018 Characterizing Venting and Seeping,California changing seafloorhabitatswithAI Guided explorationandresearch of understand the connectivity of these habitats. understand theconnectivityofthesehabitats. among the animals, including potentially new species, to map ofthecontiguousseepsandanalyzing therelationships seafloor totheatmosphere.a Thescienceteamisproducing changes assumptionsaboutmethaneescapefrom the venting ismore episodicthanpreviously known,which The ABISSlanderdeploymentsshowedthatmethane SuBastian andtheadvancedseafloorobservatory(ABISS). Borderland, California usingROV ecology oftheSouthern Gained insightintotherole ofgasventsandseepsinthe REPOR REPOR ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL R R T T methane. real timecontinualmeasurements of during thenextmonth-givingnear spectrometer thatwillliveonSuBastian Dr. Scott Wankel preparing the mass
2018 T T Methane, Oregon Hunting Bubbles:UnderstandingPlumesofSeafloor cycles viamethanebubbles Developed newwaystounderstandocean Earth’s climate. important partinthecarboncycle,which iscloselylinkedto flux ofthismethaneintotheoceanmay indirectly playan locations across a spatialscaleand over time. The large is importantinillustratingchangesmethanefrom venting development ofthisequipment(andcutting-edgesensors) and gatherdataonthechemicaldynamicsofbubbles.The to takechemicalmeasurements ofbubblecomposition Installed anovelbubblecapture systemonROVSuBastian
18 Adaptive RoboticsatHydrateRidge,Oregon BorderlandCalifornia Revealed newsitesandspeciesinthe understand theoceanmore efficiently. future, givingscientiststheabilitytomonitor largerareas and so thathundreds maybedeployedsimultaneouslyinthe end-to-end autonomyiscriticaltoscale robotic operations an 11.4hectare dense3Dimagereconstruction. Developing mapped atsub-centimeterresolution wascreated, including continuous photogrammetricreconstruction ofseafloor between AUVdeployments.Asaresult, thelargestknown reconstruction pipelinestoanalyzeimagerycollected techniqueswith 3D Used unsupervisedlearning speciate. to tryunderstandhowventfaunacolonize, evolve,and new species.Thediscovered siteisanimportantlocation and theteamcollectedseveralanimalsthatmayrepresent species occurrences forthearea wassignificantlyexpanded in thediscoveryofanewventfield(JaichMaat).Thelist Completed centimeterscaleresolution mappingresulting Vent Field,Mexico Interdisciplinary InvestigationofaNewHydrothermal hydrothermal ventsinPescadero Basin Conducted centimeter-scale AUVsurveyof Sloucm gliderinR/VFalkor'swetlab. Break" and David Pinga assemble a Exploration AtTheCostaRicanShelf the "NewApproaches To Autonomous Richard Camilli,PrincipalInvestigatorof extraterrestrial mission Tested AI-drivenrobots forapossible to make tactical decisions without human intervention. to maketacticaldecisionswithouthuman intervention. where duetocommunicationslatenciesrobots routinely need will supportfuture oceanographicandplanetaryexploration, research ofremote unchartedenvironments. Thistechnology successfully developingAIforautonomousexplorationand Operated multipleself-controlled robotic vehicleswhile Rica New Approaches toAutonomousExploration,Costa
19 by thescientistsaswell. collected duringexpeditionsandhavebeen usedforoutreach the NOAAExplorationForum.Theworks incorporatedata venues includingAquariumofthePacific, Exploratorium,and our travelingArtist-at-Seaexhibitshowcasing11newartistsat more than1,000peopleonboard. Additionally, SOIcontinued hosted publicshiptourdaysduringUSportcalls,bringing Dundee HeritageTrust, andBarbicanMuseum.We also in documentaries,television,andmuseumexhibitsatthe from ROVSuBastian.Thisresulted intheuseoffootage Doubled viewershipofincredible 4Kdeep-seaimagery Broadened participationinoceansciences 2018 REALITY REALITY VISIONS TO VISIONS TO REALITY REALITY VISIONS TO VISIONS TO
2018 The challenge is trying to do as much as we can to help people make sensible decisions. Having more ocean observations is critical to good science and providing a comprehensive view of what is happening, and how things are changing. This will build our ability to understand the ocean, and to make wiser decisions and policies in the future.
- Oscar Pizarro, Principal Investigator.
ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH The autonomous vehicles - aerial and underwater - utilized by the Ocean Robots Team line the aft deck of R/V Falkor. AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
20 21 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE
SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH TECHNICAL INNOVATION
INSPIRING AND SHARING DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018
SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH VISIONS TO
AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS REALITY 2018
VISIONS TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ADAPTIVE MICROBIAL SAMPLING OF OCEANIC EDDIES WITH LONG RANGE AUVS REALITY 2018 CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE SCALABLE OCEAN The second Falkor expedition of the year analyses. The three LRAUVs were fitted We need to understand these microscale VISIONS TO
was led by Drs. Sam Wilson and Steve with next generation Environmental Sample processes inREALITY order to comprehend2018 bigger RESEARCHSCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH Poulos, University of Hawaii, in collaboration Processors (ESPs) and other sensors to processes such as carbon cycling across TECHNICAL INNOVATION with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research monitor seawater parameters and identify the global ocean basins.VISIONS TO
with Autonomous Robots 2018 Institute (MBARI), giving way to the first- hydrographic features that are likely to host REALITY ever open ocean deployment, microbial interesting microbial processes. INSPIRING LRAUVs were programmed VISIONSwith missions TO to detect AND SHARING sampling, and in situ data analysis by The ocean is too large to observe with conventional means. SOI recognizes that in order to make meaningful advances there must be more agile, features inside eddys.REALITY When a feature is 2018 The results were stunning, never before in resilient, and robust platforms. Robots and AI can greatly improve coverage and cost-efficiency for select ocean observations by reducing risk, and long range autonomous underwater discovered, the LRAUVs lock in DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE vehicles (LRAUVs). The LRAUVs are a microbial oceanography have researchers and can track the feature for facilitatingAND SEAFLOOR high resolution HABITATS spatially distributed surveys of dynamic marine processes, as illustrated by the projects discussed in this section. days at a time. great engineering feat that enable ocean been able to sample the open ocean deep observation and sampling in remote chlorophyll maximum and other parameters DATA-DRIVEN CORAL REEF SURVEYS WITH COORDINATED ROBOTIC TEAMS locations. with this level of precision.
In January, SOI welcomed Dr. Oscar Pizarro, computer that was continuously “The challenge is trying to do as Deploying multiple LRAUVs simultaneously The vehicles offer a novel perspective of Australian Centre for Field Robotics (ACFR), updated with new data gathered by much as we can to help people make allowed the research team aboard Falkor these common yet poorly understood and his collaborators from MIT and the the robotic systems. As each vehicle sensible decisions,” said Dr. Pizarro. to adaptively sample COLLECTEDa moving ocean MOREoceanic microbial processes. Seawater University of Sydney back aboard Falkor transmitted fresh observational data to the “This expedition was an opportunity to eddy field. This research set a new record collected with the LRAUVs is being LRAUVs sample to depths of to research and demonstrate multi-robotic common model, the software algorithms try techniques that automate science THAN 500,000 for the duration of this georeferencedtype of mission, images alongsequenced the and analyzed to determine 300 m surveys of coral reefs. As part of this project, updated the estimates of uncertainty plans. Having more ocean observations and characterized in unprecedentedthe 'Au'Au detailChannel coveringthe structure and composition of the SOI supported the development and testing for each feature of scientific interest. is critical to good science and providing 77,453 m2 of seafloor microbial communities found in eddy resident marine microbial communities. of data-driven planning algorithms for This resulted in identified locations and a comprehensive view of what is fields. The vehicles captured and analyzed The samples will help tell us how marine autonomous marine surveys completed by parameters to be surveyed next by each happening, and how things are changing. environmental samples in situ while microbes interact with each other in space with an operational range of heterogeneous robots. vehicle, taking in account their operational This will build our ability to understand the being able to amend and guide their own and time. 1,000 km status, positions, and sensing capabilities. ocean, and to make wiser decisions and sampling patterns based on onboard data This was illustrated by running a consolidated The coordinated robots collected over half policies in the future.” model of a coral reef (in the ‘Au’Au channel a million georeferenced images covering off Maui, HI) on Falkor’s high performance 77,453 square meters of seafloor. 9 SuBastian Dives 10 yielding 70+ hours of 80 28 shark satellite pop-up midwater observations in data stations CTD casts tags recovered habitat never before surveyed
COLLECTED MORE THAN 500,000 LRAUVs sample to depths of georeferenced images along the 300 m the 'Au'Au Channel covering 77,453 m2 of seafloor
Researchers prepare Researchers work on a programming and optimizing an to launch a LRAUV Iver autonomous vehicles in Falkor's Wet Lab. from Falkor's withmidship. an operational range of 1,000 km
22 23 9 SuBastian Dives 10 yielding 70+ hours of 80 28 shark satellite pop-up midwater observations in data stations CTD casts tags recovered habitat never before surveyed ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018
SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH VISIONS TO
AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS REALITY 2018
VISIONS TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND REALITY 2018 CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS STRETCHING THE LIMITS OF ROBOTIC ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE AUTONOMY FOR OCEAN SURVEYING VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018 SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH While returning to California, the two Saildrones were remotely re-tasked to support a project led by Dr. João de Sousa, TECHNICAL INNOVATION VISIONS TO
University of Porto. The robust multi-vehicle mission used REALITY 2018 planning and control algorithms to enable real-time analysis of INSPIRING VISIONS TO AND SHARING complex ocean dynamics, specifically locating, tracking, and measuring the North Pacific Subtropical Front. REALITY 2018 DIGITIZINGMain Image: PhD MARINE candidate Elizabeth Andruszkiewicz,LIFE Dr. Nathan Truelove and PI Dr. Barbara Block celebrate AND SEAFLOORhaving successfully HABITATS isolated DNA from the first CTD cast. The results are positive for vertebrates - including sharks. This multi-platform approach was completed with many low Detail Image: This is a pop-up satellite archival tag used on the sharks - it has a light sensor, a temperature sensor, cost vehicles deployed from Falkor in different mediums, a pressure sensor, and a very accurate clock. It goes on the white shark, the shark carries the tag, and then at a point chose and programmed by the researchers, it pops off. A float takes it to the surface and it sends radio transmissions including underwater, surface and air. More than a dozen to Earth orbiting satellites. robotic systems were deployed and simultaneously operated by an SOI-supported Ocean Space Center software running aboard Falkor, allowing the researchers to map the oceanic MID-OCEAN RESEARCH AND MONITORING OF WHITE SHARKS WITH feature in high, sub-mesoscale resolution, including space SAILDRONES and time.
Science on Falkor was guided for the first Dr. Barbara Block, Stanford University, and For instance, Saildrone data showed To coordinate the operations of multiple robotic platforms, the time by two sensor-laden Saildrones, her international team, led this study to how small-scale ocean eddies draw team flew unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) over the areas of autonomous surface vehicles with unlimited understand why this remote and desolate nutrients closer to the surface, enhancing operations to collect oceanographic observations, serving as range and endurance. area attracts massive-sized white sharks biological production, which could make “mules” to ferry data between distant AUVs and the Falkor. each year. A greater understanding of this this region more appealing for sharks. This By the end of the expedition, the AUVs traveled over 3,430 These long-range vehicles were launched otherwise unknown habitat for sharks was finding offered a valuable head start to the kilometers for approximately 500 hours; and the UAVs from San Francisco Bay, reaching the White achieved with a multi-platform sampling scientists in addressing the key questions of performed over 25 flawless flights totaling 10 hours. Shark Café a month ahead of Falkor’s arrival program coupling Falkor with shore- their study. to characterize oceanographic conditions, launched robotic vehicles working in The technologies used on this expedition represent an currents, and animal densities in the open tandem. The shipboard team was able to “We have doubled the current 20-year important step towards achieving the levels of persistence, ocean region halfway between Hawaii and locate all shark tags that were deployed in data set on white shark diving behaviors COLLECTED MORE spatial and temporal resolution, as well as coverage, required the Baja California Peninsula. the previous fall off the coast of California. LRAUVsand sample environmental to depths preferences of in just three THAN 500,000 for scalable ocean studies in a changing climate . “Oceans georeferenced images along the 300weeks m using tools that provided a rapid the 'Au'Au Channel covering are the Earth’s life support system. To be properly taken care The data gathered was critical for2 the Scientific observations, data collection, census of the predators and prey of a 77,453 m of seafloor of, they need to be characterized with much higher resolution shipboard research team to accurately and sample analysis, including shipboard remote ocean region,” said Dr. Block. “This and coverage in time in space than what’s possible with identify the white shark congregation area eDNA sequencing, continued on Falkor. with anhelps operational establish range observations of that will allow ships,” said Dr. de Sousa. that was later studied with Falkor and The data provided important new insights 1,000for better km understanding of this environment SuBastian. into the habitat and white shark behavior. and why it attracts large predators.”
9 SuBastian Dives 10 yielding 70+ hours of Top Image: Trent Lukaczyk prepares Middle Image: Crew and science team including John Ryan (MBARI), Bottom Image: A Flightwave Edge UAV, piloted by Trent 80 28 shark satellite pop-up midwater observations in a Flightwave Edge for a test flight Allan Doyle (Chief officer Falkor), Brian Kieft (MBARI), and Gabe Foreman (of Lukaczyk, flies towards R/VFalkor . The Unmanned Aerial data stations CTD casts tags recovered habitat never before surveyed from the storage deck of the R/V University of Hawaii Manoa) begin to guide LRAUV Opah off R/V Falkor's aft Vehicle worked in concert with underwater robotics and the Falkor. deck during the autonomous robot's deployment. crew onboard the ship gathering data.
24 25 VISIONS TO REALITY
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2018 REPORT REALITY
ANNUAL 2018
REPORT 2018
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A WORKING 2018 2018 REALITY
AANNUAL WORKINGPLATFORM
REPORT 2018 PLATFORMCOORDINATED ROBOTICS: ʻAUʻAU CHANNEL ADAPTIVE ROBOTICS AT BARKLEY CANYON & HYDRATE RIDGE
VISIONS TO REALITY
ANNUAL REPORT
WAM-V 16’ CATAMARAN ASV
SLOCUM GLIDER ROV SUBASTIAN AE2000F TUNA-SAND TUNA-SAND 2 SIRIUS AV NEXT GEN AUV IVER 2 AUV IVER 3 LAGRANGIAN FLOAT
EDDY EXPLORATION AND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS HUNTING BUBBLES: UNDERSTANDING PLUMES OF SEAFLOOR METHANE
JET-YAK
ABISS LANDER
3 2 2
LONG RANGE AUVS SEAGLIDER WAVE GLIDER WIRE WALKER ROV SUBASTIAN WITH BUBBLE IN SITU MASS AND (Aku ,Ahi, Opah) ACCUMULATION CHAMBER LASER SPECTROMETER
VOYAGE TO THE EXPLORING FRONTS WITH SOLVING CHARACTERIZING VENTING INTERDISCIPLINARY WHITE SHARK CAFÉ MULTIPLE ROBOTS MICROBIAL AND SEEPAGE ALONG THE INVESTIGATION OF A NEW MYSTERIES WITH CALIFORNIA COAST HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD AUTONOMOUS TECHNOLOGY
AUV IVER 2
2 2 DORADO AUV SAILDRONE SAILDRONE LIGHT AUVS ROV SUBASTIAN WITH FIRST DIVE SUCCESSFUL # PHOTOMOSACING SLED 3 ABISS LANDER VERTICAL TAKE-OFF 2 AND LANDING UAVS IN SITU MASS & UAVS WAVEGLIDER FREE-FLOATING IN SITU ROV SUBASTIAN WITH INCUBATORS LASER SPECTROMETER ROV SUBASTIAN MBARI MAPPING SLED WITH LIDAR suspended at depth from a float
26 27 It is amazing to see large areas of the seafloor mapped only days after the raw data was collected. It is not just the size of the map, but the way we used it to inform our on-site decisions. This makes a real difference as the technology allows us to visualize wide areas at high resolution, and select where we should collect data. This has not previously been possible.
- Blair Thornton, Principal Investigator.
ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
Chief Scientist Blair Thornton consults the ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND visual map of the seafloor, in order to confirm the location to send ROV SuBastian. CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE
28 29 SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH TECHNICAL INNOVATION
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REALITY 2018 SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH
AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND VISIONS TO
CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS 2018 ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE REALITY
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SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH REALITY 2018 TECHNICAL INNOVATION ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018 andINSPIRING Cloud Data Analytics Accelerate Marine Science AND SHARING VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018 OceanDIGITIZING observing data is growing MARINE at an accelerating LIFE pace, however, more is needed to enable well informed, ocean conservation and management. ManyAND conventional SEAFLOOR workflows HABITATS for marine data processing in ocean conservation and research are not automated, inhibiting the productivity of researchers and managers. This year SOI focused on projects leveraging the utilization of Falkor and ROV SuBastian that worked towards automating marine data analysis workflows to accelerate the understanding of our rapidly changing marine habitats and multiply the conservation benefits.
SOI-SUPPORTED SCIENTIFIC IMAGE ANNOTATION SOFTWARE BECOMES A NATIONAL STANDARD
Squidle+ is a web-based open source software for the annotation of The enhanced version of Squidle+ has been adopted by the Australian marine scientific images, videos, and photomosaics. SOI has supported National Environmental Science Program and Japan Agency for Marine the development of this software since 2015 when it was initially Science and Technology as the preferred platform for annotating deployed as part of a Falkor-hosted R&D project. The near-real-time images. Other government agencies such as Canada’s Department of crowd-sourced annotation of AUV acquired seafloor imagery has been Fisheries and Oceans and U.S.’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric further developed by SOI for shipboard ROV SuBastian annotation and Administration are exploring using the platform for their image annotation event logging. purposes as well.
A) 3D photogrammetric reconstruction of the Southern Hydrates Ridge (depth 780 m) that was generated by the AUV Ae2000f. The mapped area covers 11.8 ha at an average Dr. Richard Camilli directs the resolution of 6 mm and is the largest known expanse of seafloor that has been visually mapped in colour. The Falkor shown to scale in the top left of the panel. deployment of a Slocum glider B) Outputs of an unsupervised classifier that was used to analyze the imagery between deployments and generated information summaries such as the image class matrix E). from Falkor's aft deck off the C) White bacterial mat that was identified by the classifier, which was subsequently surveyed by the AUV Tuna-sand at sub-millimeter resolution to gather more detailed information. coast of Costa Rica. The arrow in C) illustrates the direction from which the isometric view of the reconstruction is viewed in D).
COMPILING AND ANALYSING THE LARGEST KNOWN CENTIMETER-RESOLUTION MODEL OF SEAFLOOR
In August, Dr. Blair Thornton, University of Southampton, and his This project demonstrated how throughput data processing and collaborators from the UK and Japan deployed two AUVs from machine learning can multiply the productivity of marine scientists. Falkor to acquire 1.3 million seafloor images of changing microbial It allowed the team to make quick and well-informed sampling habitats surrounding methane seeps off the U.S. West Coast. decisions and conduct fine scale surveys to study habitats that The team used shipboard high performance computers to rapidly would otherwise be virtually impossible to observe in detail. The compose these images into the largest known centimeter-resolution resulting composite map was invaluable in planning operations, color 3D model of 11.4 hectares of the seafloor. An unsupervised including the recovery of seafloor instruments, re-visiting active machine learning algorithm was used to cluster the images by visual bubble plumes, and made the entire operation more efficient. similarity and locate continuously changing microbial hotspots Using AI, scientists have the ability to gather data and make on the seafloor. Detailed surveys were conducted using ROV decisions in expedition relevant time frames, prompting better use SuBastian the following day. of the robotic systems deployed at sea.
30 31 ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
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REALITY 2018 SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH
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CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS 2018 ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE REALITY
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SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH REALITY 2018 TECHNICAL INNOVATION VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018 INSPIRING Ultimately, our goal is to use what AND SHARING we have learned to inform the VISIONS TO
design of fully autonomous robots REALITY 2018 DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS that will one day explore the oceans of Europa and Enceladus.
- Richard Camili, Principal Investigator.
TEACHING ROBOTS TO LEARN FROM DATA TO PLAN AND EXECUTE OCEAN SURVEYS
Falkor’s last expedition of 2018 One of the developed science software All other mission details such as where hosted specialized teams, including tools, the AI/machine learning-based to look for such features and how to computer scientists, roboticists, and autonomous planner "Spock," was tested survey them with available sensors were oceanographic researchers from Woods aboard Falkor in December. Deployed on the determined by AI. Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), high performance computer, “Spock” parsed MIT, NASA, ACFR, and the University of large volumes of diverse marine data from The researchers led by Dr. Richard Camilli Michigan. The groups worked together, the ship’s and robots’ instruments, earlier were fascinated to see the robotic systems developing advanced AI for autonomous surveys, and scientific annotations to suggest demonstrating the ability to find and map robotic exploration of remote uncharted what new sites may be of potential interest rocky outcrops and biological hotspots environments. This technology will support for scientific surveys. Instead of traditional without being directed where to search. future planetary exploration in space localization programming to avoid hazards, Rapid, AI-driven data analysis more than and in deep sea habitats, where due to “Spock” let the shipboard researchers task doubled the utilization of robots during this communications latencies, robots need the robots at much higher levels by simply expedition and allowed the researchers to to make tactical decisions without human asking them to “locate gas seeps”, “find rock survey 28,490 square kilometers of ocean intervention. formations”, or “survey biological hotspots.” within only nine days.
Left Image: Navigator Officer Marissa Judkins is part Top Image: Richard Camilli, Principal Investigator of the Hexagon 1: Technicians Tetsu Koike and Kazunori Hexagon 2: ROV pilot Jason Rodriguez wears eye of the team performing final checks before launching "New Approaches To Autonomous Exploration At The Nagano work on the camera load onboard AE200f, detection glasses, which record his eye motions and TUNA-SAND. With its systems and navigation Costa Rican Shelf Break" and David Pinga assemble a which is advancing visual recordings made while focus, as part of the data that will be used to train robotic capabilities tested and confirmed, it is ready to begin Sloucm glider in R/V Falkor's wet lab. exploring the ocean floor. algorithms. work at the sea floor.
32 33 We are taking the latest and ROV Subastian retrieves a carbonate chimney greatest technologies and from the ocean floor (roughly 700 meters deep, using it to understand the near Point Dume, California) relationships among the geology, chemistry, and the animal life.
- Peter Girguis, Principal Investigator.
ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE
SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH TECHNICAL INNOVATION
34 35 INSPIRING AND SHARING DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
VISIONS TO SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH REALITY 2018 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
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REALITY 2018 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018
SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH VISIONS TO
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INSPIRING REALITY 2018 ScalingAND SHARING up Marine Conservation with IN SITU INCUBATORS STUDY MICROBIAL RESPONSE TO OCEAN DEOXYGENATION VISIONS TO
DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE In July, an interdisciplinary team of scientists understand the ocean’s role in moderating 2018 TECHNICALAND SEAFLOOR HABITATS INNOVATION REALITY and students led by Dr. Andrew Babbin, climatic changes. MIT, set out aboard Falkor to test new in SOI is dedicated to using and supporting the advancement of the latest In 2018, SOI collaborated with scientists and engineers to build and test situ microbial incubators in low-oxygen As a result of the expedition, the team was technology to better assess and broaden the understanding of marine new instruments that provide the ability to broaden the reach and quicken ocean regions off the coast of California. able to iteratively test and improve the new habitats in an era of rapid global change. Ocean managers urgently the pace of important research dedicated to pressing ocean issues, such The incubators were replaced with oxygen incubators, making them more precise. need swift monitoring and improved tools to track and counter declining as increased methane release into the atmosphere and declining coral impermeable versions and provided high During the two weeks aboard Falkor, ecosystem conditions. Better data and observation capacity will play a reefs. temporal and spatial resolution of the upper an impressive dataset was generated central role in improving protection. ocean. The near-continuous monitoring investigating how chemical cycles and microorganisms interact in the ocean. SHIPBOARD EDNA SEQUENCING AND DATA LOGGERS PROTECT WHITE SHARKS will help provide answers on how oxygen- requiring organisms can survive in a low These collections allowed the science White sharks led Dr. Barbara Block, Stanford In a location that scientists thought was The white sharks were successfully oxygen environment. This is critical as party to obtain a valuable time series University, and her team aboard Falkor to a a nutrient-poor desert due to satellite identified in the region using eDNA, a marine microbes control the chemical characterizing the dynamics of more than unique part of the ocean, the White Shark underestimates, the team, using ROV technique that allows scientists to sample landscape of the ocean that other species a dozen chemical parameters that will Café. This little-studied and remote high SuBastian and a suite of other data collection from the environment (i.e. ocean water) like phytoplankton, fish, corals, etc. adapt. improve our understanding of the role of seas region was found to have surprising instruments, found impressive levels of rather than directly from the sharks’ bodies. The refinements in how low oxygen marine fixed nitrogen and microbial interactions in biodiversity. The completed research will biodiversity and a more interesting structure of Scientists were also able to collect 90% of systems operate will help scientists better oxygen deficient600 waters. chemical contribute imperative information for a draft mesoscale eddies and ocean convergences the pop-up satellite archival tags, a small analyses proposal to the UNESCO World Heritage than previously thought. There appears to “wearable” tag that were placed on the for acidity, nutrients, and dissolved gases team justifying extension of conservation be plenty of food to support a population of sharks in California before the expedition, efforts to the high seas and nominate the hungry top predators who might graze while demonstrating a connection between the area as a World Heritage site. they meet in the Café. California sharks and the café. 600 chemical 325 shipboard analyses experiments for acidity, nutrients, and gathering 15,000 bottles of dissolved gases seawater for further analysis Main Image: A stunning jellyfish image taken with ROV SuBastian in the White Shark Cafe. /Hexagon: Elizabeth (Eily) Andruszkiewicz is a PhD candidate under Dr. Alexandria Boehm at Stanford University in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department. Her research focuses on using environmental DNA (eDNA) to track marine vertebrates. 325 shipboard experiments gathering 15,000 bottles of seawater for further analysis
Co-Principal Investigator Andrew Babbin The deck crew of R/V Falkor (MIT) looks over an in-situ incubator on successfully deploys the ABISS the aft deck after retrieval. Lander from the aft deck.
36 37 ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
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REALITY 2018
SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH VISIONS TO
TECHNICAL INNOVATION REALITY 2018
Main Image: Abby Keller carries biologicalVISIONS TOsamples collected
INSPIRING from ROV SuBastian. With SuBastian able to use the2018 "slurp" AND SHARING REALITY WARMING GAS HYDRATES system, biologists can capture and study a variety of life in deep sea ecosystems. LEAK METHANE TO THE VISIONS TO OCEAN SURFACE Top Hexagon: Gas bubble capture in a repurposed push core
DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE 2018 AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS to observe hydrate formation.REALITY Methane greatly impacts our climate system, Middle Hexagon: Diana Dumit connects water samples to her purge rack in the Dry Lab. Bubbling the sample with helium but the processes that transfer methane removes the oxygen, which allows Dumit and other members of from the deep sea into the ocean and the team to conduct their oxygen-deficient experiments. Bottom Hexagon: Methane bubbles form into hydrate upon ROV crew helps Dr. atmosphere remains poorly understood. capture in a sample. Scott Wankel diagnose Where this methane goes and how it is a component of the methane gas sensors transformed in the water ultimately dictates before a dive. the magnitude of its role in the global carbon cycle, which is closely linked to Earth’s climate. Drs. Scott Wankel and Anna Michel of WHOI and their team developed new ways to understand ocean cycles by studying methane bubbles in the water column while on Falkor. The multidisciplinary expedition tested new instruments and techniques to better comprehend this process, and the researchers discovered that, contrary to popular opinion, methane does reach the sea surface in detectable amounts, although the exact rates are yet to be quantified.
Three sensors were integrated into ROV SuBastian including a stereo-camera to look at methane bubbles and an in situ mass spectrometer. This was complemented with gas measure of bubbles underwater (characterizing the relative amount of Our focus on rising methane, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and seafloor bubbles stems from the recognition that carbon dioxide), while periodically measuring methane is an important the isotopic fingerprints of the methane. The player in the global stereo-camera enabled the scientists to atmosphere-climate better understand the nature of methane system and the fact that transfer from bubbles into the surrounding the seafloor in many water. The development of this equipment regions of the global and sensors is important in illustrating ocean houses enormous changes in methane from venting locations amounts of it. across a spatial scale as well as over time. - Scott Wankle, Principal Investigator.
38 39 VISIONS TO REALITY
ANNUAL VISIONS TO
2018 REPORT REALITY
ANNUAL 2018
REPORT 2018
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ANNUAL REPOWHATRT 2018 WE FOUND VISIONS TO
INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC REALITY ORGANIZATION COMMISSION (of UNESCO)
UNDERSEA FEATURE NAME PROPOSAL (Sea NOTE overleaf) Note: The boxes will expand as you fill the form. 2013-2018 Name Proposed: Phobos Seamount Ocean or Sea: North Pacific Ocean
The proposer offers the IHO/SCUFN the option to select a name for this feature should one be deemed more ANNUAL suitable or already proposed but held on a reserved names list INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION COMMISSION (of UNESCO)
UNDERSEA FEATURE NAME PROPOSAL (Sea NOTE overleaf)
Note: The boxes will expand as you fill the form. REPORT Name Proposed: Indy Maru Seamount Ocean or Sea: Philippine Sea
Terrra Nova Shipwreck
North
Above: 3D rendering of the proposed Indy Maru seamount detailed in the following proposal [Fledermaus] [Indy Maru Seamount Supporting Image 001.png] Colosseum North
INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION COMMISSION (of UNESCO) Guyot
UNDERSEA FEATURE NAME PROPOSAL (Sea NOTE overleaf) Above: 200m contour plot (WGS84 DD MM SS) of the proposed Phobos Seamount detailed in this naming proposal
Note:[File: The Phobos boxes Seamountwill expand 001as you] fill the form. Schmidt Phobos Name Proposed: Cornerstone Ridge Ocean or Sea: North Pacific The proposer offers SCUFN/IHO/United States the option to apply a name from their reserved names list Afa Maolk should they deem one more suitable/appropriate Seamount Seamount Seamount Engineers Ridge
Above: Plan view of proposed Indy Maru Seamount feature [Fledermaus] Cenotaph [Indy Maru Seamount Supporting Image 002.png] Falkor Deep
Geometry that best defines the feature (Yes/No) : Seamount Point Line Polygon Multiple points Multiple lines* Multiple Combination of polygons* geometries* Falkor Nautilus Seamount Seamount
Cornerstone Ffynnon Garw Hill
HOW WE NAME SEAMOUNTS Above: Plan view ofRidge proposed Cornerstone Ridge feature covered by this proposal [Fledermaus] [Supporting image 001.tif]
Tell Qarqur Knoll 1) Honor the local dialect where possible, for this we confirm correct language with a local team. For example, Afa'Molek Sea Mount (Cooperation Seamount).
2) If in the EEZ of a country, we look for a historical event in the nation on the day of the seamount discovery. For example, Cornerstone Ridge was found on DISCOVERY 2014 2015 2016 2016 2016 2017 the anniversary of the laying of the of new underwater hmidt eamo nt nnon ar Hill olosse m ot al or eep ell ar r noll ornerstone idge cornerstone in the Washington, features o ation Papahānaumokuākea Marine o ation Central Pacific between o ation The feature is located on o ation Philippine Sea o ation Central Pacific o ation Near Palmyra DC Capitol Building. National Monument, Northwestern Hawaii and Tahiti the Tamu Massif, Northwest Pacific epth range 8,001 m epth range 4,751 m epth range 1,074 m - 4,935 m Hawaiian islands - Pacific Ocean epth range Summit 4,354.0 m; Ocean. i e 40 km x 22 km i e 7.8 km x 6.5 km i e 31.5 km x 58.3 km epth range 5,200 m - 117 m Deepest Point 5,290 m epth range 5,220 m 2 2 i e 1,480 km - 70 km long x 35 km i e 940 m i e 5.2 km x 8.4 km 3) If in international waters, we look 626,618 km wide for historic science events on the mapped 2015 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 day of the seamount discovery. al or eamo nt enotaph eamo nt ngineers idge a til s eamo nt a Maol eamo nt ho os eamo nt For example, Phobos Seamount 2012 o ation Off of Guam near the o ation Between Guam and the o ation South of Guam, Marianas o ation Between Guam and the o ation Northern Mariana o ation North Pacific was found on the anniversary of erra ova hip re Mariana Trench Philipenes Trench Marine National Monument Philippines Islands Ocean (NE of Hawaii) o ation Off the coast of Greenland epth range 8,700 m epth range 1,974 m - 3,546 m epth range 4,100 m epth range 2,541 m - 4,133 m epth range 876 m - 4,228 m epth range 5,001 m the Phobos moon being identified. i e 2,100 m i e 8.5 km x 12 km i e 4.5 km x 3 km i e 7 km x 7.4 km i e 3.7 km x 11.1 km i e 26.7 km x 25.3 km
40 INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC 41 ORGANIZATION COMMISSION (of UNESCO)
UNDERSEA FEATURE NAME PROPOSAL (Sea NOTE overleaf) Note: The boxes will expand as you fill the form. INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC Name Proposed: Phobos Seamount Ocean or Sea: North Pacific Ocean ORGANIZATION COMMISSION (of UNESCO)
The proposer offers the IHO/SCUFN the option to select a name for this feature should one be deemed more
suitable or already proposed but held on a reserved names list UNDERSEA FEATURE NAME PROPOSAL (Sea NOTE overleaf)
Note: The boxes will expand as you fill the form. Name Proposed: Cornerstone Ridge Ocean or Sea: North Pacific The proposer offers SCUFN/IHO/United States the option to apply a name from their reserved names list should they deem one more suitable/appropriate
Above: 200m contour plot (WGS84 DD MM SS) of the proposed Phobos Seamount detailed in this naming proposal [File: Phobos Seamount 001]
Above: Plan view of proposed Cornerstone Ridge feature covered by this proposal [Fledermaus] [Supporting image 001.tif]
We are seeing these sites right ARTISTICnow as they are in their full ENDEAVORSglory, and that let’s us make comparisons to the past and future, with an eye on scientific decisions about conservation, management, or places for SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCHfurther WITH investigation - Charlotte Seid, AUTONOMOUS ROBOTSScientist.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE
SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH TECHNICAL INNOVATION
Haliphron atlanticus (also know as the seven- arm octopus) spotted near Crespi Knoll (approximately 40 miles off southern California) INSPIRING by ROV SuBastian. This is believed to be only AND SHARING the fourth known sighting of the animal alive. DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS
42 43 ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND REALITY 2018 CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE VISIONS TO
REALITY 2018
SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH VISIONS TO
TECHNICAL INNOVATION REALITY 2018
INSPIRING VISIONS TO AND SHARING REALITY 2018
DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE VISIONS TO
AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS REALITY 2018
DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE and Seafloor Habitats
A plethora of submarine activity can be found on the seafloor where heat, water, and gases interact The ABISS lander on the ocean The path to developing technology The science team is now working to floor (captured by ROV creating otherworldly ecosystems that host unique organisms and structures. Unfortunately, starts here with sophisticated tools produce a map of the contiguous seeps Subastian). available observations of these marine habitats are patchy, discontinuous, and scarce. like the ABISS and ROV SuBastian. in the Southern Borderland, reshaping We have to think about new ways to our understanding of connectivity among More quality data is needed to inform effective conservation and management. SOI is helping to operate and communicate. these habitats. They will analyze the animal expand the data available through digital characterization of marine habitats and processes for relationships from the 300 open-access -Betsy Pugel, subsequent research, analysis, and open sharing. samples collected, including potentially NASA Scientist. new species found on the expedition. This data is critical to understanding connectivity METHANE SEEPS AND MICROBIAL “CASTLES” IN THE SOUTHERN of these habitats and the impact that the CALIFORNIA BORDERLAND deeper communities have for lucrative fisheries. In October, Falkor sailed down the coast The team of shipboard researchers were of California, taking ROV SuBastian and joined by NASA engineer Betsy Pugel NASA’s Planetary Science Technology who participated in the deployments of the Analogue Research (PSTAR) funded ABISS lander to further understanding of Autonomous Biogeochemical in situ how seep communities function. Sensing System lander “ABISS” into the Southern California Borderland. The three- This expedition served as a testbed for week expedition led by Dr. Peter Girguis, studying microbial life on other ocean Main Image: An ROV dive at the Emery Harvard University, documented this worlds, such as the moons of Jupiter and Knoll revealed a Seussian wonderland of life, important region through 17 ROV dives, Saturn. Europa, for example, has a thick including crabs, sponges, deep-water corals, including four sites that had never been icy crust, but beneath that crust there may and basaltic cliffs. With bathymetric relief, there is a higher cross section for filter feeders. be life at the bottom, much like what the visited by humankind. Hexagon 1: Researchers, including team observed during the ROV dives on Dr. Ronald Spelz Madero, aim to characterize These exploratory dives revealed this expedition. By working in the deep the kinematics and past rupture history of several important fault systems in northern extraordinary microbial communities. For ocean waters on Earth, scientists can Baja California. example, the team discovered a site where push the limits of understanding in existing Hexagon 2: Final group photo of science microbes build “castles” through methane- hardware designs and engineering choices team and crew rich water that the microbes consume. for missions in outer space.
ROV SuBastian spent nearly 200 hours The ABISS deployments have shown on the ocean floor observing many rare that methane venting is more episodic species, including the seven-legged than previously known, which changes octopus (the fourth time the species has assumptions about methane escape from ever been seen alive). the seafloor to the atmosphere.
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INSPIRING VISIONS TO AND SHARING REALITY 2018
DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE VISIONS TO
AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS REALITY 2018
CENTIMETER SCALE SEAFLOOR MAPPING IN THE SOUTHERN PESCADERO BASIN
At the end of October, Falkor sailed further The name references the reflective Collected volcanic rocks from the North The Pescadero Basin is an important south to the Southern Pescadero Basin hydrothermal fluid and seawater interface and South Pescadero Basins confirmed location to try to understand how vent within the Gulf of California, carrying Principal that was found pooled along the roof of a the continental rifting that formed the Gulf fauna colonize similar sites around the Investigators Drs. Robert Zierenberg, large cavern in the hydrothermal mound. of California has transitioned to seafloor globe. The detailed mapping will further University of California Davis, Victoria spreading and the creation of new allow investigation of the geological Orphan, California Institute of Technology, The new vent field consists of multiple oceanic crust. The team also obtained and geochemical controls on habitat
Carbonate flange on the and David Caress, MBARI. Autonomous hydrothermal calcite mounds up to 25 the first documentation of hydrothermal suitability for different animal and microbial side of Z mound, where and interactive seafloor mapping systems meters high that vent fluids up to 287°C. hydrocarbon escaping from the seafloor communities. Hydrothermal vents are an hot, buoyant fluid leaking Groups of animals common in non- from the chimney is enabled the research team to discover a in the Pescadero Basin area. This has only expression of submarine volcanism that is ponded underneath the new hydrothermal vent and multiple new hydrothermal settings, including anemones, been sampled from a few such thermal a globally important process and play a vital flange. The hydrothermal deep-sea organisms. The nested-scale were observed in dense accumulations at systems, and the process is not well part in shaping the surface of our planet. fluid at 290° C and is the base of the mounds. in contact with 2° C mapping approach gave exploratory understood – yet it is a significant part of seawater just a few seafloor coverage to precision targeted the carbon cycling story for the Gulf. millimeters away. The sampling on the vents. The detailed maps sharp interface between the two fluids, which provided a quantification of various microbial have different refractive and animal communities in precise relation indexes or changes of to geologic features and areas of focused speed of light, makes them a reflective mirror hydrothermal fluid flow. like surface. Main Image: Dynamic ecosystems with multiple organisms found just off the coast of Los Angles in the The new vent, JaichMatt, was identified Southern California Borderland. using MBARI’s AUV that conducted Hexagon: A colorful squid seen on the "Backyard exploratory seafloor surveys with one meter Deep" expedition of California. lateral resolution. Simultaneously, MBARI's new Low Altitude Survey System was used on ROV SuBastian to map the previously discovered Auka Vent field at centimeter scale resolution using co-located multibeam sonar, light detection and ranging scanning laser, and stereo photography.
These three instruments worked in concert offering a holistic view of the seafloor. The biological communities and the geological and geochemical characteristics of these vent fields were then explored and sampled using ROV SuBastian. JaichMatt translates to “liquid metal” in one of the indigenous native languages to the Baja Peninsula.
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TECHNICAL INNOVATION REALITY 2018
INSPIRING VISIONS TO AND SHARING REALITY 2018
DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE VISIONS TO
AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS REALITY 2018 INSPIRING and sharing
Every day SOI aims to inspire a passion on SOI’s YouTube channel and Facebook SOI also held its third tri-ship hangout ARTISTIC for the ocean by sharing enthralling Live, leading to a worldwide audience on World Ocean Day, connecting three ENDEAVORS footage and brings the latest in ocean watching more than 2.9 million minutes of research vessels including Falkor, and research to people all over the globe. Our live streaming from ROV SuBastian’s dives. broadcasting live online to more than 4,000 communication and outreach encourages Several dives this year were re-shared by people. Falkor connected live with the engagement across all ages through a iFLS, attracting more than 500,000 viewers. Prime Minister of Portugal during his visit multitude of programs including student to MIT, sharing the success of the multiple SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH and artist berths of opportunity, live at-sea SOI continues to broaden its connection to robotics expedition. Another highlight was broadcasts and connections, image and aquariums, museums, and learning centers in May when the ship was part of a live AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS data sharing, social media campaigns, and across the country, and around the world, presentation with UNESCO and Dr. Sylvia science communications training. through our Ship-to-Shore program. These Earle discussing the expedition to the White 30-minute connections allow viewers to Shark Café. Finally, SOI entered into a new NEW CONNECTIONS BRING see the science happening on board in real FALKOR SHORESIDE TO partnership with the Smithsonian National LARGE AND DIVERSE time and engage with the scientists live for Museum of Natural History, linking the AUDIENCES a question and answer session. researchers on the ship to the audience at ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND the prestigious museum’s Sant Ocean Hall Falkor’s first expeditions in Mexican and Throughout the year, SOI participated in once per expedition. The Sant Ocean Hall Costa Rican waters prompted bilingual CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS several new connections reaching larger, is the National Museum of Natural History's outreach with videos, blogs, and live ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE diverse audiences. In May, we teamed up largest exhibit, and averages six million narration of ROV dives conducted in both with 11th Hour Racing to broadcast live visitors each year bringing a new interested English and Spanish. Breathtaking methane during the Volvo Ocean Race stopover in audience to engage in these connections. seeps, hydrothermal vents, and rare Newport, Rhode Island. organisms attracted viewers to watch both SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH TECHNICAL INNOVATION Scientists on Falkor LINKING OVER 8,000 REACHED MORE students and members of the public to THAN 100 GROUPS the research happening on board INSPIRING
AND SHARING Hexagon 1: Volvo Ocean Race Newport sailors and Hexagon 2: Keila Lima gives a Ship to Shore Main Image: Students enjoy a trip to Falkor's bridge visitors connect with the Schmidt Ocean Institute R/V presentation to a school in Cape Verde, Portugal. during a "Science Sunday classroom series" tour given Falkor, located in the NE Pacific, to learn about sharks in while the ship was in Honolulu. the area known as the White Shark Cafe. DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS 48 49 ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS
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TECHNICAL INNOVATION REALITY 2018
INSPIRING VISIONS TO AND SHARING REALITY 2018
DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE VISIONS TO
OPENINGAND SEAFLOOR FALKOR’S HABITATS DOORS REALITY 2018
In 2018, Falkor welcomed 1,000 public Top Image: R/V Falkor makes her way into San Francisco Bay after visitors to tour the ship in California, Oregon, sailing under the Golden Gate Bridge. Hexagon 1: Science communications intern Katherine Herries and Hawaii. Returning to San Francisco for stands in front of Falkor during ship tours in Honolulu. the first time in five years, Falkor celebrated Hexagon 2: Navigator Officer Marissa Judkins leads an evening tour with two days of ship tours. An evening event of R/V Falkor during the San Francisco stopover. Bottom image: Co-Founder Wendy Schmidt with SOI staff and was held at the interactive museum, the ship's crew at the Exploratorium event in San Francisco showcasing Exploratorium, which included demonstration the latest science and technology accomplishments completed on tables, an Artist-at-Sea exhibit, presentations Falkor. from previous principal scientists, and a talk by co-founder Wendy Schmidt.
Public engagement may start on the ship, but a major focus has been to bring science and process into the communities in which we work, as exemplified by the 2,700 people reached this year through in-person public presentations.
TRAINING THE NEXT GENERATION SOI encourages student learning with hands- on opportunities to provide experience and career guidance. Forty-five university students sailed on Falkor in 2018, including five Student Opportunities program participants. SOI also welcomed a new Science Communications Intern, Katherine Herries. Katherine is the third intern in the program emphasizing direct training and mentoring. Feedback on the internship has indicated greatly increased comfort and interest in science communication and writing. Katherine has been busy authoring three published articles, participating in community outreach, all while learning how to analylize social media metrics. “This internship has let me to see a different side of science,” said Katherine. “The program has strengthened my communications skills allowing me to connect with audiences around the globe. I will leave this experience feeling well prepared to embark on a science communications career.”
50 51 VISIONS TO REALITY
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Cutting-edge research and technology development undertaken been requested for 38 upcoming education films,REALITY documentaries, and aboard Falkor led to 1,062 news stories in 2018, including six exhibits including an IMAX museum film on volcanoes, a documentary ANNUAL magazine covers as well as articles in National Geographic, Wired, for PBS Nature on underwater volcanoes, and a natural history REPORT Scientific American, ECO Magazine, and Nature, just to name a few. documentary for BBC. Additionally, expedition images (from both SOI’s breathtaking footage from the Pescadero Basin and Costa Rica above and below the ocean’s surface) have been used recently in a was used by BBC, The Weather Channel, Discovery Channel Canada, National Geographic book for kids, a report on deep sea mining by and NHK. Video footage from ROV SuBastian was showcased at the the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and in the 2019 Berlin Atonal Festival and the International Ocean Film Tour, and has Encyclopedia of Ocean Science.
Blue Planet 2
Global Marine and Polar Programme
SuBastian dive footage played at the 2018 Berlin Atonal Festival.
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SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH REALITY 2018 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS Artist-at-Sea Lily Simonson manipulates VISIONS TO the controls of ROV Subastian to create ARTISTIC REALITY 2018 an original painting on the aft deck of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND R/V Falkor. endeavors CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS VISIONS TO ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE
REALITY 2018 I have dedicated my career to SOI’s maturing Artist-at-Sea program Another artist, Jessica Orfe, created a series SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH VISIONS TO painting creatures from the most is receiving global recognition and has of 15 watercolor paintings representing REALITY 2018 TECHNICAL INNOVATION remote depths of the ocean become a model emulated by others, microbes collected at each station during
that never would have been including the ArtBerth Collective. We the 2018 “Microbial Mysteries”VISIONS TO expedition.
INSPIRING discovered without submersibles welcomed a record number of applications REALITY 2018 AND SHARING like SuBastian. These deep-sea this year, and have now hosted a total of 21 The imaginative designs were painted vehicles have brought countless artists on Falkor. The artists’ participation on using scientific instruments as stencils to DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE muses into my world, and in AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS science expeditions resulted in truly unique mimic the shapes of microscopic life forms that way, they occupy an almost pieces that capture the innovative research that form the basis of marine ecosystems. mythological status in my mind. being conducted. Jessica also created an adult coloring Creating a painting with such book, Microbial Mysteries: In Situ in the a legendary machine was the This was exemplified by artist participants OMZ, giving a behind-the-scenes look into experience of a lifetime. like Lily Simonson who used ROV a research expedition. The first ever Artist- -Lily Simonson SuBastian’s manipulator arm to paint at-Sea expedition was completed this past Artist-at-Sea. dramatic hydrothermal landscapes, and July, bringing six unique artists on Falkor Fernanda Oyarzun who sculpted scientists’ during a transit with mapping, allowing them hands with clay collected from the ocean to work with and incorporate the multibeam floor, 1,740 meters below the sea surface. data collected on the trip.
Work by Jessica Orfe
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SCALABLE OCEAN 54 RESEARCH WITH 55 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE
SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH TECHNICAL INNOVATION
INSPIRING AND SHARING DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS ARTISTIC VISIONS TO
ENDEAVORS REALITY 2018
Main Image: Resin paintings by Sarah Caudle dry in Falkor's VISIONS TO
SCALABLE OCEAN RESEARCH WITH wet lab. REALITY 2018 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS Top Hexagon: Principal Investigator Susan Merle standing VISIONS TO in a projection of light paintings based on the data collected. REALITY 2018 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND Left Hexagon: Roger Peet CLOUD DATA ANALYTICS works on a mural devoted to VISIONS TO ACCELERATE MARINE SCIENCE Ghostfish in the hallway leading to REALITY 2018 the aft deck. Right Hexagon: Artists-at-Sea SCALING UP MARINE CONSERVATION WITH VISIONS TO expedition participants (L-R) TECHNICAL INNOVATION Roger Peet, Lori Hepner, Lauren REALITY 2018 Salm, Lizzy Taber, Sarah Caudle, and Rebecca Welti. VISIONS TO Bottom image: Artist-at-Sea INSPIRING REALITY 2018 AND SHARING Adam Swanson works on Main Image: D'amy Steward painting his pieces in the wet participates in a workshop led by Artist- lab, where he converse with the At-Sea Sarah Caudle, creating resin DIGITIZING MARINE LIFE science team while seeing the paintings at a workspace in R/V AND SEAFLOOR HABITATS Falkor's research happening firsthand. wet lab. Hexagon 1: Fernanda X. Oyarzun works on sculpting clay aboard R/V Falkor while participating in Schmidt Ocean Institute’s Artist-at-Sea program. Hexagon 2: Artist-at-Sea Lauren Salm and SOI cofounder Wendy Schmidt pose in front of Artist-at-Sea exhibit at Exploratorium in San Francisco.
Artists included Sarah Caudle, a displayed at several large meetings and jewelry designer who works with epoxy public centers, often accompanying special beachscapes; Lori Hepner, a performance events and interactions. For example, artist who showcases LED movement with in February cartoonist Lucy Bellwood data streams; Lauren Salm, a portrait artist; signed copies of her multibeam mapping Rebecca Welti, a sculptor; as well as artist comic at the Ocean Sciences meeting and student Lizzy Taber who worked with in Portland, Oregon. SOI cofounder cyanotype prints and pastel color studies. Wendy Schmidt gave a public lecture and A commemorative mural of our 2014 welcome remarks in March to open the discovery of the world’s deepest fish was three-month long exhibit at the Aquarium made by Roger Pete and unveiled during of the Pacific in Long Beach, California. Falkor’s stopover in San Francisco. In September, the art was displayed at the Exploratorium as part of the welcoming The Artist-at-Sea exhibit continues to events for Falkor, and was then put on travel across the country, and has now view at the NOAA All Hands on Deck forum been displayed in 14 different locations at the MIT Media Lab in November. The across 10 different cities. The artwork exhibit can also be seen online at SOI’s totaling more than one hundred pieces was gallery website.
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ANNUAL REPORTA 2018 STEP AHEAD FALKOR Improvements and developments FALKOR AUDIO VISUAL / INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY / ELECTRONICS
High Pe fo man e Comp ting Ad an ed Ship oa d Monito ing Installed Graphics Processing Unit power to Falkor's High Performance Computer All shipboard network devices are in constant 24/7 system to support scientists' and researchers' new emerging technologies. A research monitoring, from servers to the HVAC systems. New ANNUAL vessel first! FALKOR ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT FALKOR SCIENCE DEPARTMENT network sensors were added to ensure proper C e e it al o Net o En ollment functionality of shipboard critical systems. Soon all REPORT devices aboard Falkor will send problem alerts to Main Engine ROV E ent Logge Redesigned the enrollment process for wireless and wired networks through Performed major overhaul of 14 cylinder heads. Developed software logging system to track vehicle technical and scientific implementation of a sophisticated software system that protects the entire network from shoreside technical teams. operations as well as scientific ROV operations, allowing for easy annotation, unauthorized computers or users. Po t Main Engine Cl t h time stamping and geo stamping of ROV science events. Online access to this a te Inte net Conducted major overhaul. information allows review by shoreside collaborators and staff. Ship-to-Sho e Video Enhan ement Commissioned hardware and software aboard Falkor for By using the core video matrix and cutting edge audio using 4G data service up to 25 nautical miles offshore; Sea Wate Coole I adian e Sen o distribution Falkor crewmembers can now route real-time speed rates are now up to 160 Mbps. The new Replaced all of the cooler plates. Falkor's suite of sunlight sensors were relocated and expanded, allowing for events to the encoders and push them straight to the internet shipboard system uses four internal modems to the better exposure to the sky and the collection of important new data. Data are over the satellite connection. packages between the modems and service providers. saved in a repository allowing their use by scientists around the globe and A research vessel first! Eme gen Gene ato providing historical data for future studies. Implemented upgrades to increase main buss capacity and the supply air ventilation fan capacity.
ROV SUBASTIAN
Remote Ope ation of ROV S Ba tian Designed and tested in-house architecture allowing control of SuBastian tethered to Falkor from a Bette Vehi le Cont ol Mo e Po e Option Catena loat Ra o land-based operating station. Added new waypoint execution mode for much tighter Installed a science transformer to allow researchers' Um ili al line following and control over the speed at which instruments to have a greater power range for sensor Falkor's Engine Department Seafloo Ste eo Image Capa ilit waypoints are executed. integration (i.e. 110v - 220v) and added voltage regulators to fabricated a float rack for the Aft SOI's engineers developed a photomosaicing skid mounted under SuBastian to collect high resolution provide lower voltage range (i.e 5v, 6v, 12v & 24v). Deck to allow for a more stereo-imagery of the seafloor around seeps, vents, and whale falls. This skid utilizes SuBastian's new Ope ational P o ed e ergonomic, safe and efficient automated line following capability to combine these image sets into detailed 3D and 2D models for Added new operational procedures to maximize ship time E ipment method of stowing and installing interactive research and analysis of the seafloor. and dive efficiencies working simultaneously with AUVs Expanded growing inventory of scientific instrumentation, the floats during vehicle using reconnaissance mapping to pinpoint subsea including the integration of 19 new pieces of equipment onto deployment and recovery targets, and directing the ROV to key study sites. SuBastain on a single dive. operations.
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2018 2018 2018 NOTEWORTHY UPDATES REPOR REPOR ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL R R T T ship intheHawaiianIslands. Falkor’s workboatAtreyu, returnstothe 2018 T T Unraveling AncientSealevelSecrets identifications totheparticles. algorithmtoassign science, isworkingtoadvancethemanualmethodologyusingexistingdatatrain amachinelearning better understanddrivingcarbonflux.JessicaSheu,aMaster’s studentatSanJoseState Universitystudyingcomputer year. Additionally, duringtheexpedition,imageswere takenofsinkingparticlescaptured insedimentgeltrapsorder to fieldprogramsurface tothatfoundbelow(sinking).TheinnovativemethodhasbeenadoptedbytheNASAEXPORTS this molecular methodtosequencetheDNAextractedfrom individuallyisolatedparticlesconnectingorganicmatteratthe Dr. ColleenHansel(MossLandingMarineLaboratory),whoparticipatedintheexpedition,hasdevelopedaninnovative Sea toSpaceParticleInvestigation shared ataUniversityofHawaiiseminar. atSOIandthedatahasbeen effects onU-ThdatingofPleistocenecorals . Katherineisnowasciencecommunications intern Coral fossilscollectedontheexpeditionwere akeycomponentofKatherineHerries’MSthesis,Biogeochemicalalteration
60 waves onthewaytoourtargeteddy. The BowofR/VFalkorridingsomelively and inseveralpresentations. shared publiclythrough thearticle,Exploringsubmarinevolcanoes , publishedintheOctoberissueofEnvironmentalScientist observations were usedtoinformasubsequentexpeditiononR/VSonnethatDr. Rubinparticipatedin.Thisdatahasbeen Rock, biological, and sulfide specimens collected during the expedition have been examined, categorized and curated. The Underwater Fire: StudyingtheSubmarineVolcanoes ofTonga community assemblyintheprotected area. These records willhelpscientistsbetterunderstandtheoceanographicandenvironmental factorsinfluencingdeep-seacoral species. GenomicDNAhasalsobeenisolatedfor121ofthecollectedcorals,providing insightintotheirphylogenetic diversity. previously unknownare undergoingdescriptionincludingrarely observedspecies, andsignificantrangeextensionsforknown coral occurrences were countedandmore than10,000newdeep-seacoralrecords were identified.Somespeciesthatwere coral speciesdistributiondatasetbetween152-2,439metersforthePhoenixIslandsProtected Area. Over8,000records of Other expeditionparticipantsatTemple Universityhaveanalyzedseafloorvideofootage andgeneratedapreliminary deep-sea environments (e.g.deepsea) willidentifymanynovellipopolysaccharidestructures. small setofcommonlystudiedbacteria.However, thepreliminary results hasbeendemonstratedthatexplorationofdiverse a bioprospecting because,despite theclearclinicalimportanceofbacteriallipopolysaccharide,fieldhasworkedwithonly entered intoanewlydeveloped dataextractionpipeline.Thislibraryhasthepotentialtodisruptandtransformadvancesin kind; aswellthelargestdeep-sealipidAstructures. Usingcutting-edgetechniquesinbioinformatics,thestrainshavebeen healing. Thegroup hasgenerated preliminary dataon200bacteriastrainsandtotheirknowledge,itisthelargestlibraryofits A teamfrom BostonUniversity collectedandcultured microbes duringtheirexpedition tounderstanddeep-seacoralwound Discovering DeepSeaCoralsofthePhoenixIslands
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2018 2018 2018 REPOR REPOR ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL ANNUAL R R T T extended. Mushroom softcoralwithfeedingpolyps
2018 T T Marine Science,5:54,doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00054. of Back-Arc BasinHydrothermal Vents. Frontiers of Du Preez, C.andFisher. (2018). Long-Term Stability Papers, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2018.05.008. Deep SeaResearch PartI: Oceanographic Research scyllo-inositol andotherpotentialpressure counteractants. zones: Increases withdepth in trimethylamineN-oxide, Organic osmolytesofamphipodsfrom littoraltohadal Downing, A.,Wallace, G.,andP. Yancey. (2018). Proceedings, IEEEOESAUVConference, Porto,POR. Exploring Fronts with Multiple Robots. Conference Mendes, R.,Tomasino, andet.al.(2018).FieldReport: K., Ribeiro, M.,BorgesdeSousa,J.,Lukaczyk,T., Costa, M.,Pinto,J.,SousaDias,P., Pereira, J.,Lima, feart.2018.00172. arc spreading center. Front. Ear. Sci.,6:172,doi:10.3389/ volcanic eruption discovered on the central Mariana back- Baumberger, T., andA.Bobbitt.(2018).Arecent S., Resing,J.,Butterfield,D.,Anderson,M., Chadwick, W., Merle,S.,Baker, E.,Walker, 10.1038/s41396-018-0285-8. nitrogen sources forsmallphytoplankton.ISME,doi: NanoSIMS singlecellanalysesreveal thecontrasting J., Wang, S.,Cetinic, I.,andN.Cassar. (2018). Berthelot, H.,Duhamel,S.,L’Helguen, S.,Maguer, Proceedings, IEEEOESAUVConference, Porto,POR. exploration ofalarge-scaleopen-oceanfront. Conference R., andF. Lopez-Castejon.(2018).Marinerobotics Belkin, I.,BorgesdeSousa,J.,Pinto,Mendes, AUV Conference, Porto,POR. algorithm for AUVs. Conference Proceedings, IEEE OES and F. Lopez-Castejon.(2018).Anewfront-tracking Belkin, I.,BorgesdeSousa,J.,Pinto,Mendes,R., PUBLICATIONS
62 10.1038/s41598-018-29869-7. the air-sea boundary. ScientificReports,8,11510.doi: copepods benefitsexploitationofaprey-rich nicheat K., andC.Zappa.(2018).Bluepigmentationofneustonic Renz, J.,Peck,M.,Bird, K., Cunliffe, M.,Melkonian, Rahlff, J.,Ribas-Ribas,M., Brown, S.,Mustaffa, N., gca.2018.02.021. et CosmochimicaActa,228,95-118,doi:10.1016/j. Hydrothermal Vent Field,Mid-CaymanRise.Geochimica Earth’s DeepestRidge-crest Hot-springs:Piccard and J.Seewald.(2018).GeochemistryofFluidsfrom McDermott, J., Sylva, S., Ono, S., German, C., doi:10.1029/2018JC013946. of GeophysicalResearch: Oceans,123,7084-7101, Hydrodynamics ofatidally-forced coralreef atoll.Journal Green, R., Lowe, R., and M. Buckley. (2018). Oceanogr., 00,1-13,doi:10.1002/lno.11051. Bores. DrivenInternal Limnol Coral ReefAtollbyTidally C., andG.Ivey. (2018).NutrientFluxesintoanIsolated Green, R.,Jones,N.,Rayson,M.,Lowe,Bluteau, 10.1016/j.dsr.2017.12.002. compositions. DeepSeaResearch I,132:37-50,doi: fishes from otolithgrowth zonesandoxygenisotopic and J.Drazen.(2018).Lifehistoryofabyssalhadal K., Popp,B.,Clark,M.,Linley, T., Jamieson,A., Gerringer, M.,Andrews, A.,Huss,G.,Nagashima, 10.1002/2017/GL076621. Observations. GeophysicalResearch Letters0(0),doi: Ha’apai (Tonga) UsingHighSpatialResolutionSatellite Earth’s NewestVolcano Island:HungaTonga Hunga Monitoring andModellingtheRapidEvolutionof Giguere, C.,Asrar, G,andK.Andersen.(2018). Garvin, J., Slayback, D., Ferrini, V., Frawley, J., mSystems 3(3),doi:10.1128/mSystems.00009-18. gut ofanamphipodfrom the Ocean’s deepestpoint. Genome reduction inPsychromonas specieswithinthe V.-B., Drazen, J., Bartlett, D., and P.-Y. Qian. (2018). W., Cai,L.,Lan,Y., Tong, H.,Li,Y., Jamieson,A.,Bajic, Zhang, W., Tian, R.-M., Sun,J.,Bougouffa, S.,Ding, Research Letters,45,doi:10.1029/2018GL077946. at theocean’s surfacebycyanobacteria.Geophysical C. Zappa. U., Mustaffa, N., Ribas-RIbas, M., Witte, C., and Wurl, O.,Bird, K.,Cunliffe, M.,Landing,W., Miller, (2018) e00840,doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00840. 4 subtidal tohadalzonesofthePacificOcean.Heliyon (2018). High-densityelementconcentrationsinfishfrom Welty, C., Sousa, Ml, Dunnivant, F., and P. Yancey. 1283-1297, doi:10.1175/JPA-D-17-0116.1. Tasman Beam.J.Phys.Oceanogr., Tide SeaInternal 48, Alford, M., and R. Pinkel. (2018).Observationsof the Nash, J.,Simmons,H.,Brahznikov, D.,Rainville,L, Waterhouse, A., Kelly, S., Zhao, Z., MacKinnon, J., 10.1371/journal.pone.0200386. delicate organisms. PLoS ONE, 13 (8), e0200386, doi: 3D-printed robotic manipulatorsfortheinvestigationof (2018). Shipboard designandfabricationofcustom R., Shank,T., Cordes, E.,Wood, R.andD.Gruber. Vogt, D.,Becker, K.,Phillips,B.,Graule,M.,Rotjan, ocemod.2017.12.007. model. OceanModeling,122(67-84),doi:10.1016/j. an isolatecoralatollusingunstructured gridocean Resolving high-frequencywavesgeneratedat internal Rayson, M.,Ivey, G.,Jones,N.,andO.Finger. (2018). (2018). Warming and inhibition of salinization (2018). Warming and inhibition of salinization
Support ofArchipelagic Management,Honolulu,HI,USA. Monument. OralPresentation, SymposiumonSciencein Ridges Within Papahā Ridges Within Coral andSpongeCommunitiesonDeepSeamount (2018). Identifying and Characterizing High-Density Bingo, S.,Kelley, C.,Putts,M.,andV. Moriwake. CA, USA. Oral Presentation, Meeting,SanDiego, 30thSquid-Vibrio Bartlett, D.(2018).Microbial LifeatGreat OceanDepths. Biology Course,McMurdo Station,Antarctica. Diversity and Function. Oral Presentation, NSF Antarctic Trenches: SamplingApproaches andAssessments of Bartlett, D.(2018).Microbial LifeinPacificHadal NJ, USA. Geochemistry Seminar, PrincetonUniversity, Princeton, Depths. Oral Presentation, Environmental Geology and Bartlett, D.(2018).Microbial LifeattheGreatest Ocean Oceanography, SanDiego,CA,USA. Student RecruitmentSeminar, ScrippsInstitutionof Depths. OralPresentation, OceanBiosciences Bartlett, D.(2018).Microbial LifeatGreat Ocean Busan, SouthKorea. Workshop6th International onDeep-SeaMicrobiology, Kermadec andMarianaTrenches. OralPresentation, Bartlett, D.(2018).ComparisonsofMicrobial Lifeinthe Ocean SciencesMeeting,Portland,OR,USA. The ImportanceofArc Proximity. PosterPresentation, Hydrothermal ActivityAlongBack-Arc Spreading Centers: Merle, S.,Anderson,M.,andD.Butterfield.(2018). Baker, E.,Walker, S.,Resing,J.,Chadwick,W., PRESENTATIONS naumokuā
63 kea Marine National kea Marine National
Ocean SciencesMeeting,Portland,OR,USA. on ChemosyntheticEcosystems.PosterPresentation, Support HypothesisofGeologicalandChemicalControl Vent SitesAlongtheMarianaBack-arc Spreading Center A., andS.Merle.(2018).NewlyDiscovered Hydrothermal Bates, A.,Huber, J.,Trembath-Reichert, E.,Bobbitt, Chadwick, Jr., W., Tunnicliffe, V., Butterfield,D., Meeting, Portland,OR,USA. Arc andBack-Arc. OralPresentation, OceanSciences Hydrothermal Vent CommunitiesBetweentheMariana Exploration Shows Contrasting Fluid Chemistry and Tunnicliffe, V., Bates,A.,andK.Roe.(2018).2016 Butterfield, D.,Chadwick,Jr., W., Larson,B., NOR. Presentation, Ocean AnalyticsWorkshop, Trondheim, andfuturesurveys: lessonslearned challenges.Oral Borges deSousa,J.(2018).Coordinated ship-robotic Conference, Brussels,NET. technological developments. Oral Presentation, EOOS ocean observingandmonitoring:Newscientific Borges de Sousa, J. (2018). Future trends in Sheffield, UK. something? PlenaryTalk, UKControl Conference, mobile localityinnetworkedsystems:Are wemissing Borges de Sousas, J. (2018).Mobileconnectivityand Technology Conference, Lisbon,POR. Multiple Robots.PlenaryTalk, PortugueseScienceand Borges deSousa,J.(2018).ExploringFronts with 2018 REALITY REALITY VISIONS TO VISIONS TO REALITY REALITY VISIONS TO VISIONS TO
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Chadwick, W., et. al. (2018). Recent eruptions between Huber, J., et. al. (2018). Application of Stable Isotope Rubin, K., et. al. (2018). Exploration of the Mata Su, J. (2018). An evaluation of vertical nitrate fluxes and 2009-2018 discovered at West Mata submarine volcano Probing Coupled with -Omics to Examine Thermophilic Submarine Volcano Group Reveals Volcano-Tectonic- biological demand in the tropical Pacific and Tasman (NE Lau Basin, SW Pacific) and characterized by new ship, Autotrophy in Newly Discovered Hydrothermal Vents Hydrothermal Links, Oral Presentation, AGU Fall Meeting, Sea. Poster presentation, Australian Meteorological and ANNUAL AUV, and ROV data, Oral Presentation, AGU Fall Meeting, Along the Mariana Back-arc, Oral Presentation, AGU Fall Washington, DC, USA. Oceanographic Society Annual Conference, New South REPOWashington,RT DC, USA. Meeting, Washington, DC, USA. Wales, AUS.
Sager, W., Huang, Y., Tominaga, M., Greene, J., Coffin, M. (2018). The World’s Largest Submarine Canyon Magalhaes, C. (2018). Understanding Ocean Fronts Nakanishi, M., and J. Zhang. (2018). Linear magnetic Thornton, B. (2018). #Adaptive Robotics. Invited – Kroenke Canyon in the Western Equatorial Pacific. Oral Together: Cross Disciplinary approach to study genetic anomalies over Tamu and Ori massifs (Shatsky Rise Lecture, 62nd Ocean and Seafloor Engineering Forum, Presentation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of signatures of microplankton diversity across Pacific Ocean Plateau) imply formation by seafloor spreading, Tokyo, Japan. Sciences, Qingdao, China. Subtropical Front. Oral Presentation, Martech Workshop, Oral Presentation, AGU Fall Meeting, Washington, DC.
Port, POR. Thornton, B. (2018). Whole site multi-resolution
Coffin, M. (2018). The World’s Largest Submarine Canyon Savage, A., Waterhouse, A., Kelly, S., and J. photogrammetric surveys of deep-sea vents and cold – Kroenke Canyon in the Western Equatorial Pacific. Oral Marques, O., Alford, M., Pinkel, R., Mackinnon, MacKinnon. (2018). Noncoherence of low mode seeps. Invited Lecture, Beyond Challenger: A new age of Presentation, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. J., Nash, J., Simmons, H., Brazhnikov, D., Klymak, internal tides in the Tasman Sea. Oral Presentation, deep-sea science and exploration meeting hosted by the J., Waterhouse, A., and S. Kelly. (2018). Internal Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, OR, USA. Royal Society, London, UK.
Durkin, C., Estapa, M., Omand, M., and I. Cetinic. Tide Structure and Variability on the Tasman Slope. Oral (2018). Quantifying the biology of sinking particles across Presentation, Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, OR, Smith, J. and J. Tree. (2018). New Marine Geological STUDENT diverse ocean regions using polyacrylamide gel sediment USA. Maps for the Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge promote a traps, Oral Presentation, Ocean Sciences Meeting, detailed reexamination of giant landslides and their source DISSERTATIONS Portland, OR, USA. Mendes, R. (2018). Exploring the subtropical front: volcanoes within a 25 Myr context. Oral Presentation, Oceanography. Oral Presentation, Martech Workshop, AGU Fall Meeting, Washington, D.C. Herries, K. (2018). Biogeochemical alteration effects on Durkin, C., Estapa, M., Omand, M., and I. Cetinic. Porto, POR. U-Th dating of Pleistocene Corals, M.S Thesis, University (2018). Organismal contents of sinking particles identify Smith, J. and J. Tree. (2018). New Marine Geological of Hawaii. biological source and ecological interactions that lead to Pinto, J., Dias, P., and J. Borges de Sousa. (2018). maps reveal the complexity and deep-sea habitability carbon export. Oral Presentation, Ocean Carbon and Coordinated operation of multiple AUVs, ASVs, and UAVs of the northwestern Hawaiian Ridge. Oral Presentation, Biogeochemistry Summer Workshop, Woods Hole, MA, using the LSTS tool chain. Oral Presentation, IEEE OES Symposium on Science in Support of Archipelagic Huang, Y. (2018). Magnetic anomaly map and USA. AUV Conference, Porto, POR. Management, Honolulu, HI, USA. magnetic structure of Shatsky Rise (Northwest Pacific) and the implications for oceanic plateau formation, Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Finlayson, V., et. al. (2018). Variable Fluid Contributions to Pinto, J., Costa, M., and J. Borges de Sousa. (2018). Smith, J. (2018). Geological Mapping of Seamounts Boninite Magma Generation, Mata Volcanic Field, NE Lau Studying the Pacific Subtropical Front with Multiple and Other Features in the Pacific Marine Protected Basin as Determined by Trace Elements and Fe-Sr-Pb-Nd- Assets. Oral Presentation, Martech Workshop, Porto, Areas. Oral Presentation, NOAA Inouye Regional Center Reed, W. (2018). Variable resolution bathymetry and Hf-U-Th-Ra Isotopes. Oral Presentation, AGU Fall Meeting, POR. distinguished lecture series, Honolulu, HI, USA. geomorphology of Tamu Massif, M.S. Thesis, University Washington, DC, USA. of Houston.
Pinto, J., Dias, P., and J. Borges de Sousas. (2018). Smith, J. (2018). Collaborative Seamount Studies in Ripples: A tool for supervision and control of Remote the Johnston Atoll Marine Monument. Oral Presentation, Su, J. (2018). An evaluation of vertical nitrate fluxes and Coral and associate (Squat Lobster) found during the Assets. Oral Presentation, Martech Workshop, Port, University of Hawaii seminar series, Honolulu, HI, USA. biological demand in the tropical Pacific and Tasman "Autonomous Exploration at the Costa Rican Shelf POR. Sea. BSc. Hons. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Break" expedition.
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66 simultaneously. to managemultipleautonomousvehicles expedition usednewnetworkstrategies Exploring fronts with multiple robots" a venenatis. molestie. Praesentefficitur velarcu ultricies nisigravida,vitaelacinia id exeulaoreet. Intempor est gravida dui.Suspendissemolestie CAPTION MISSING Aenean vitae credits PHOTO 23- BottomImage 23- Hexagon 22- BottomImage 20- MainImage 19- Hexagon3 19- Hexagon2 19- Hexagon1 19- MainImage 18- Hexagon3 18- Hexagon2 18- Hexagon1 18- MainImage 17- Hexagon3 17- Hexagon2 17- Hexagon1 17- MainImage 16- Hexagon3 16- Hexagon2 16- Hexagon1 16- MainImage 10 -MainImage 9- MainImage 8- MainImage 7- MainImage 6- MainImage 4- MainImage 1- MainImage Hexagon 4 Hexagon 3 Hexagon 2 Hexagon 1 Main Image PAGES COVER Thom Hoffman Thom Hoffman Elisha Wood-Charlson Leighton Rolley Leighton Rolley Jon Tadiello Monika NaranjoGonzalez ROV SuBastian Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Kevin McHugh ROV SuBastian Kevin McHugh Chris Teufel Mary LideParker Mary LideParker Mary LideParker Monika NaranjoGonzalez Elisha Wood-Charlson Leighton Rolley Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Drew Altizer Thom Hoffman Leighton Rolley Monika NaranjoGonzalez ROV SuBastian Mary LideParker Leighton Rolley ROV SuBastian Monika NaranjoGonzalez 50- Top Image 48- Hexagon2 48- Hexagon1 48- MainImage 47- Hexagon1 47- MainImage 46- MainImage 45- Hexagon2 45- Hexagon1 45- MainImage 44- Hexagon 42- MainImage 39- Hexagon3 39- Hexagon2 39- Hexagon1 39- MainImage 38- MainImage 37- BottomImage 37- RightImage 36- Hexagon 36- MainImage 34- MainImage 33- Hexagon2 33- Hexagon1 33- MainImage 32- MainImage 31- MainImage 30- MainImage 28- MainImage 25- BottomImage 25- Hexagon 25- Top Image 24- Hexagon 24- MainImage Noah Berger Mary LideParker Cory Silken Logan Mock-Bunting ROV SuBastian ROV SuBastian ROV SuBastian Mary LideParker Monika NaranjoGonzalez ROV SuBastian ROV SuBastian ROV SuBastian ROV SuBastian Mary LideParker ROV SuBastian Kevin McHugh Kevin McHugh Mary LideParker Mary LideParker Monika NaranjoGonzalez ROV SuBastian ROV SuBastian Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Blair Thornton andJinWeiBlair Thornton Lim Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez Manuel Ribeiro Thom Hoffman Mary LideParker Monika NaranjoGonzalez Monika NaranjoGonzalez
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Lush communities of Oasisia tube worms are bathed in hot venting fluids, living where scientists used to believe no animal could thrive.
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R/V Falkor sails near the Hawaiian Island of Maui while on the 2018 “Coordinated Robotics” research cruise.
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