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FL<9R~IVA EX<9TIC PEST PLANT C<9Ul\}CIL'S MC9ST I~JVASIV£ SPECII:S LIST
1~J95
l%t."rCYCLtD \:I""""
EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL'S 1995 LIST OF FLORIDA'S }.t10ST INY ASIYE SPECIES
The Exotic Pest Plant Council (EPPC) was established in 1984 for the purpose of focusing anention on: (1) the impacts exotic pest plants have on biodiversity; (2) the impact of exotic plants on the integrity of native plant community composition and function; (3) habitat loss due to exotic plant infestations; (4) the impacts of exotic plants on endangered species primarily due to habitat loss and alteration (e.g., Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow); (5) the need to prevent habitat loss and alteration by comprehensive management for exotic plants; (6) the socioeconomic impacts of exoti(' pest plants (e.g., increased wildfire intensity and frequency in Melaleuca); (7) changes in the seriousness of exotic pest plants and to indicate which are the worst problems; and (8) informing and educating resource managers about which species deserve to be monitored, a'ld to help managers set priorities for management
This list is based on the designations of invasive exotic species made by the EPPC Comminee on Invasive Species . . Please see page 10 for a list of the members of the Comminee on Invasive Species. cJ d The following definitions are used in the list: . o d Category I: Exotic pest plants that invade and disrupt Florida native plant communities. This designation is given without regard to the economic severity' or geographic extent of the problem. .
Category II: Exotic pest plants that ha ve the potential. to invade and disrupt native plant communities as indicated by: (1) aggressive weediness;. (2) a tendency to disrupt natural successional processes; (3) a similar geographic origin and ecology as Category I species; (4) a tendency to form large vegetative colonies; and/or (5) sporadic, but persistent, occurrence in natural communities. • Exotic: an alien organism, purposefully or accidentally introduced to a geographic region to which itj s not native and which establishes itself outside of domestication and/or cultivation through sexual or asexual reproduction. '
Native: a species that occurred in Florida at the time of European contact,Le., before the 1500s. This definition has been adopted from Stevenson (1993).
(N): when following a species name, indicates a species listed as noxious. on the United States Department of Agriculture and t'le Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services lists. .
(P): when o11awing a species name, indicates a species listed as prohibited by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection under Rule 62C-52, F.A.C. For additional infonnation, contact: FOEll' Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management, Innovation Park, Tallahassee, Florida 32310 (904) 488-5631. o.
• • • • o Table I. Category I Exotic Pest Plants. Scientific Name Common Name
..t4brus precatorius Rosary Peal _ ..t4cacia auriculiformis Earleaf Acacia2 -1- • ..t4rdisia crenulata (syn. A. crenata) Coral ArdisiaJ ..t4rdisia elliptica (syn. A. humilis) Shoebutton Ardisiu' - Asparagus densiflorus Asparagus Ferns Bischofla javanica Bischofia' 7 ~ Brachiaria mutica Para Grass - Calophyllum ca/aba (syn. C. inophyllum of auth.) Mast Wood, Alexandrian Laurel' - ·Cassia coluteoides (syn. Senna pendu/a) Climbing Cassia, Christmas Cassia, Christmas Senna tCasuarina equisetifolia (syn. C litorea) Australian Pine Casuarina glauca Suckering Australian Pine , Cestrum diurnum Day Jasmine Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Tree9 , Co/acasia esculenta Tarolo Colubrina asiatica Lather Leaf Cupaniopsis a.YJ(Jcardioides Carrotwood Disocorea bulbi/era Air Potato
'Moynlud (1995) records !be specia u "seal i=asil1aly in Palm Beach Coliiii)', spNOd by seed; roo .. vt:ry deep ODd lCDII:ious, difIicuIl 10 eradicate."
'Fast DDIOd in !be wild in Palm Beach Co1IIlIy in !be lata 1970s, IIIlW spread &am c:ul1MIicD 10 medsjdos, scrub, fIaIwoods md drier pon;ous of wet...... III _ p'" cImoe. SIarIing1 .. _ !be IDOII imparIIIDI local dUp ...... (pas. obs.). 'l'/omiDlud by Erik D. lalmsaD. (1994) willi suppartiDa data &om Resaun:e Maaaaemllll NaIlS 6(3):5 luly 1994. iCDoWD in Alachua. LeaD, 1'1...... 0nDp aDd Val1llia COUDIi...
'This bas 10118 been a pmbJcm in EvasIadcs NatiaIW Put (Krausa 1987). Now iIbImdal-l in places \ika Secret Woods in Bmward -CouaIy (pas. abo. 1993) II1II bepninl to oprad in Palm BeacIt CauDly, willi OIl 1lII 'EI 'Ward (1994b) _ tboIlhiI spocieo bas boa in FIarida siDco 1\ ta. 1190; IiDdI itaflimitod pracD ''Ward (1994&) qrees with IhiI nDk, u do 1IIIIIIcmIlI atbm. Burks (1995) infarms me thai this species wu incomctIy Iistad u • pmbibiled IqIlIIic OD 1M 1993 IiIL Tho species bas DOW beon recorded &am.1IIIIIIbcr of sites in Lab O\c&cdJobee (Austin 1995), ~ IlRU in Palm BeKh Catmty (MiIIcr 1995) aDd aioD8 coaal bmks in BIUWmI COlIIII)'. 16 March 1995 Page 2 Table I. Category I Exotic Pest Plants (continued). Scientific Name Common Name Eichhornia crassipes (P) Water Hyacinth Eugenia uniflora -: ,'" .~~ Surinam Cherry Ficus microcarpa (syn. F. niJida, F. ret/lSa var. niJida) Laurel Figll HydriJ:a verticillaID (P) Hydrilla Hygrophila po(vspenna (P) Green Hygro Hymenachne amplexicaulis West Indian Marsh Grassl2 Imperata brasiliensis (syn. L cylindrica) Cogon Grassl] Ipomoea aquatica (P) Water Spinachlo Jasminum dichotomum Gold Coast Jasmine Jasminum jIuminense Jasmine lAntana camara Lantana Ligustrum sinense Hedge Priver5 Lonicera japonica ~ , Japanese Honeysuckle l Lygodium japonicum CQ ,-" /'r: ,d, ~-v-) Japanese Climbing Fern ' Lygodium microphyllum Old World Climbing Fern Macfadyena unguis-cati Cat's Clawl7 Melaleuca quinquenervia (P) Melaleuca Melia azedarach Chinaberry Mimosa pigra (N)(P) Catclaw Mimosall Nandina domestica Nandina, Heavenly Bambool' Nephrolepis cordi/olia Sword Fern Neyraudia reynaudiana Bunna Reed, Cane Grass20 "For publisb "NomiDaIed by Buries (1995); IaIDwD 60m M)'Ikka Riwr swO !'Ilk aDd CIcwisIIm whae il occurs wiIh Bradritzria. mlltica.. ''Ibis species is being iawsligatcd by TamJer (1993). AcconliDa to Hall (1994) thae two lIIIIIes ",fer to the sane specie .. ''Schmia: (1993) reports thIllbia is ~ ill eisbI coUlllios, iDcIuding Brevan!. Oocoola aDd Palm Bcoch C01IIIIies. "Wan! (l994b) suoagly supports this nDk. Hall (1994) iIIdi..... thai the previously IisIed commoo II1II1.. wen! iDcorrect. "Cbonpd 60m Ca/epy U to c:....,.y lOll tha bais of ill u.::..o .. noponod by Hall (1994). JoImIOIl (1994) aDd Buries (1995). ''Wan! (1994.) auuesbICi Ibo chIaIae fiom CI' "liy n to Category I 011 the buis of its _ ill tIDrtham Florida. "Bomoby (1991) illdiC'," thIllbia NIouId be coiled AI. pcJl/JJJ WiJldcDow. However, thIlllllllO is invoIid siDce Ihe lIIIIIe M. pigrtl Uaaacus .... beCIl COIIIIIrYed by Ibo hyonorjcmtl Caavami '"In GooIIdom. JICbOII. lAon aDd Wokulla COIIIIIia. Seelllic:lt ill Raovrce M...... "..,. Nota 1994; abo via iDfomwicm 60m JoImaoD (1994), Ludlow (1995) aDd Buries (1995). "Previously kDawu fiom Ibo wild ill DIda IIId upper Mamoo I:ou&IIies. this species is begiDIIiIls to sproad rapidly, Fouod ill CoDier CIIUIIIy aiOIl& Ibo wa&cI1 lido of Ibo F.!cabou:bee SImDd, it is IIOW kDawn Iiom SOVCI21 places _ of Ihe Strmd aIOII(I CIIIIIs. II abo occurs ill Lee COIIIIIY whcro I obsorved il ill Fort Myers ouociatef\ with. cor wash. A£ of lauuary 1995, there • IIU11lCl'OIII sma11 populatioas ill BI'OWIId CIIUIIIy IIIIIIf !be TriRaiI rigbl-of-way IIIId all Ihe Sawgnss Expresow..y, II is DOW being fouod ill Palm Beach 16 March 1995 Page 3 . , Table 1. Category I Exotic Pest Plants (continued). Scientific Name Common Name Oeceoclades maculata Ground Orchid Paederia Joetida Skunk Vine21 Pantcum repens TOIpedo GrassZZ Paspalum notatum Bahia Grass Pennisetum purpureum Napier Grass Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce23 Psidium guajava Guava24 Psidium liJ10rale (syn. P. cattleianum) Strawberry Guava Pueraria montana (syn. P. lobata) Kudzu25 Rhodomynus tomentasus Downy Myrtle Rhoeo spathacea (syn. R. discolor) Oyster Plant Sapium sebiferum Popcorn Tree, Chinese Tallow Treeu Scaevola taccada var. sericea (syn. S. frutescens, S. sericea) Scaevola, Half-Flower, Beach Naupalca27 SchejJlera actinophylla (syn. Brassaia actinophylla) Schefflera Schinus terebinthifolius BraZIlian Pepper Solanum Iorvum (N) Turkey Berry CoUllI)'. Ulbe \II1S1lSl*ted prescuce oflWO species ill Florida has caused much confusiOll (Puff 1991). AccardiDg ID Word (l994c) P./DetldJJ islbo wont prablem (d. Rlzourct1 MtzNlF7M7'l NOla 1992 4:2). PaedIrla aoddiultINJ (sec CaIegOIy II) ...... ID be .-ided ID Dade CoUllI)' (Wan! 1994<:), but il has t.-I rwpanod ill CIarwatcr ill tho iIIIIII1I1Il of 1992 wilh 110 rec:onI of bow il gol thaw (/ilk Knisbt 1994). =lDoomctly Iistcd as boiaa 011 tho Florida DcporImaII of EIIvinmmoatal Protection pmbibiled list ill 1993. However, il is UIIdert!oiDg npid ""I',nsjOll iIlmmy anu of IOUIbom F\orida. In Lab ~. for aampl., it may oompletely np\lce Ibo Dllive meid&ncane (PtlJlia.rm /oemilomon) wilh IIIIkl10wn CODJOq1IGICCS ID tho GJdaDaenod toUDdtaiI mlDkral (Neojllm aJlmf) whose major food is said ID be IDIicle:aDe. This species sbouId be ..__ inee! by tho FDEP. "SaW! (1933) ~ ill Dllivity; I hid _ed it was III early iD1mcIuction &om tho Old World (Austill 1978); while Knisbt (1994) felt il wu DIIivo "" Ibo basis of his belief tbaI il "bas p\euzy of pest imects ill FIor;da." R-..:h by Imy. COOler ok Habeck (1994), "sugests tbaI WIICrIcmr::o isllQ\ a DIIivo specia" as there is a "paucity of IpOCiaIists on WIICrlemr:e ill FIorida." II is &om South America. "ID Florida siDca Ibo IB4Oa, KDi&bt (1994) Dyfjcoted dw il may have been iIIIIocIuced IVCI1 ocIier by IDdi.ms IIld "\ike popaya, guava is alroody _11 dispenod IIld 1IIIIW:\y ID m-Ie r.tber." "HIIIIdricksan (1994) IIld AIm Buddoy fouDd 1hia IpOCies iIII9BO aIaag tho levee on Ibo _ side ofCcmservllion Area n ill Broward Collllly. This is a sisnifiCllll ..... "'",PO" IDUIh &om Lab CoWIIy wbae Ibo opoc:ia wu p\amed by • bom_ U1IIWIn of its destrucUve\y izlvqjvo P""'"'i'l Tho _ Broward ColIIIIy popullliDD was linmd by IOiDo (1992) duriIIs tho SIIII1IIICf IIld fall of 1992 I1I1d bnJusbt ID tho '!lenri"" ofM. Bodle II1d D. Thayer oflbo South Florida WII/:r Maoagcm= District. To dale, lID _ kDDwa CXICI\y bow tho pJlllt IDived ill Broward ColIIIIy. lhoro is llOtoble caaJ\Isjon u ID 1ho _ III1DlI ID be uaed for 1hia exotic post pllllt. "see Jubillslcy (1993) for • dacriptioD, -ac. _logy IIld bibUoppby OIl this species. "See ~I (1992) for a IqIOIt 011 tho _ sptad of lhis species. • pJlllt which appears ID be npidly spreading ill coastal babiwa. II has """"I*i ill Evoqlades National Park (Cape Sabll), 1ho Florida ICoys. l11li him Beach IIld Manin counli... II has beotI IqIOIIed by R. Oaorio as establilhed 01 Fom de SolD Co1IIIIy M ill PiIleIlas Collllly. 16 Martb 1995 Page 4 Table 1. Category I Exotic Pest Plants (continued). Scientific Name Common Name Solanum viarum Tropical Soda Applell Syzygium cumini Jambolan, Java Plum Tectarill incisa Incised Halberd Fern Thespesia populnea Seaside Mabee Tradescantia j1uminensis White-flowered Wandering Jewl' Total Category I Species = 60 "Sec Coil, (1993), Mullahoy I: Colvin (1993), Mullahoy cI at (1993), WIIIIderIin eI at (1993) ami Mullahey (1994) for detailed iDCanaaIicxI cloc:"mrnlj". tile sptad. ICUDOIIIic impoc:t II1II m...... CDI ot thia spoc:ies. 16 Marth 1995 Page S " Table 2, Category n Exotic Pest Plants. Scientific Name Common Name Adenanthera pavonina Red Sandlewood Agave sisalana Sisal Hemp Albizia julibrissin MimosaJO Albizia lebbeclc Woman's Tongue Aleurites fordii Tung Oil Treell Alstonia macrophyl/a Devil Treelz Altemanthera phaoxeroides (P) Alligator Weed Antigonon leptopus Coral Vine Aristolochla Iit/oralis Calico F1ower1l Asysrasla gangetica Ganges Primrose Bauhinla variegata Orchid Tree Broussonetia papyri/era Paper Mulberrt' Callisla fragrans Inch Plant, Spironemal5 Casuarina cunninghamlana Cunningham's Australian Pine Cereus undatus Night-blooming Cereus Cryptostegla gra;uiiflora Palay Rubber Vine Dalbergia sissoo Indian Dalbergia, Sissool6 Dlascorea alata Yaml7 Enterolobium contortisiliquum Ear-Pod Treell Epipremnum pinnatum ILv,LQ vv ...... Pothos Eucalyptus camaldulensis Murray Red Guml9 Ficus altissima False Banyan.aD '"Won! &; Simon (1994) report Ihis II izIvuive illlIIIrIbem Florida 5111dbi11s. "NomiDaIecI by R. BUlgereit (Florida ea- Slate Pod<) who repons thai 52S plalllS ill 1993 aDd 387 plalllS ill 1995 went removed Iiom Lake JacIaaI1 Mcnmds Slate An:bMa1osicol Site. AIID Imawu Iiom Leoa. Couzuy araUlld Lake JadamI ill campcable illfeswiotts. "Reported &om hlmm",..Ja ill Dode Ccnmty (Maguire &; HIIIIIIIOI' 1993). "Ward &; Simoo (1994) JqIOI1 itllllllJWSliw ill caml Florida. "Nomillaled by Ward ok Simoo (1994). EsIIbJiJbC ill T_." (pets. obi.); foUlld araUIId sinkholes ok caIc:areous hammocks near 00iDesYiIIe. uSpradiDs ill ymIs /Dr yea, it wu /Duad ill. r- saul> Iitos ill Palm Bad> Ccnmty (pas. obs.). ··S".. mnSS have been oppariIIa ill ymIs &om cuIlivIIad _ i'l Boca Raum for some yean; reponed &om BiS Cypress (et: EPPC 1992); also reponed II estahli.a.d ill Oboc:habee COUlIIy (BUlb 1995). "NomiDoInI by MaauirI (1993) IIId Wild (1994c:); twmmoclrn ill o.da CO\lllly; also reponed by BUlb (l995) &om GodIdaI &; Leoa. COIIIIties. "Brough! 10 the IIIaIIiIm of the EPPC by Fox (1993). Aa:atdiIta 10 WIIIlderIiD (1982) ...... y lbroughDUl.· "Species epithet is probably iDI:amc:I (WUIIderIiII 1991 ODd WImI 1993). This lIIIIIe will be u...t lelUalively UIIIiI fatile opecimeIIs of the Palm Beadl COIIIIIY pJmq em be _ined '"KDisbt (1994) repons IllllIhis is DIIInIizrod in Dille CoIIIIIY. NIl filnher daIa SIIpJIOItiDg JisIiDs. Ward (1994a) staleS II1II the Il1IIIOI 00 berbarium spec:imCIIS ... c:ooIUanI. 16 Marth 1995 Page 6 \ Table 2. Category II Exotic Pest Plants (continued). Scientific Name Common Name Ficus benghalensis Bengal Fig" Ficus benjamina Weeping Fig·! Ficus religiosa Bo TreeG Flacourtia indica Governors Plum Flueggea virosa F1ueggea Hibiscus tiJiaceus Mahoe Hyptage benghalensis Hyptage'" Jasminum sambac Arabian Jasmine Koelreuteria e/egans Golden Shower Tree Leucaena leucocephala Lead Tree Ligustrum japonicum Japanese Privet's Ligustrum lucidum Chinese Privet" Melinis minutiflora Molasses Grass Merremia tuberosa Wood-Rose Murraya paniculata Orange-Jasmine Myriophyllum spicatum (P) Eurasian Water Milfoil" Nephrolepis multiflora Asian Sword Fern" . Ochrosia parvijlora (syn. O. elliptica) Kopsia49 Paederio craddasiana Skunk Vine, Onion Vine50 Passijlora Joetida Stinking Passion F10werl Ptttosporum pentandrum Pittosporum "Nomiuled by Mquin a: 1lImm.. (1993). Tba form ... believes dIIllhe polliDa1ors of this speoies are CIOuiDg OVer 10 po1linale F. olIiuilftll I/IlIJ F. bcnjamina. KDisbt (1994) reports IbII F. btllpal.... tr is uaruraIizocI in Dade COUIIty. Ward (19940) includes it tentalively. 1bae illIWI:h CODfusion aDd mjsjdentj6catim of seed!inp "KDiain (1994) . reports IbII F. bcnjamintJ """"ings .... YOIIIIIIftriDa in Dade COllllty. "KnigbI (1994) reports IbII F. rd/ri0Ul is IIoIIUIaIizled in !)ode ComtIy. The _ of its lZlIIe is DOt yet !mown. "HOIIdriI:boD (1992) reports IbII this member of Iha MalpislJi!cou is escaping at FaUdilld Tropical Gcdm ill Ccml Gables. "10m... (1994) recards 11M spoc:iM in 1.- CoImI¥ wben it rJId L lucidum .. widely platttcd. "Nornill'tec! by Willi (1994b); widapread in IIOrIbml Florida IIUIIiG woods .... cullivated SOun:oL loblllOll (1994) m:ords it Iiom 1.- Calmly. "ScImIiIz (1994) _ IbII it "is biably iDYuiw in man ~ IotiIUda. bill it JUS! doom' do much ill Florida despite. 30 yaz pnseuce." ChIasM &om c.py lID 11 in 1995. "NqIroIeptr t:tmiJfoll/j is spradiIIa illlII/IIICUIIS pm. illlIJUIbcm Florida I/IlIJ rcpt.:ing horb-Iayer IllliYCL "lippincott (199%) reconIs this escaping at SoDds lCGy, B~ NllionaJ!'uk. Plants occur in _era! site. ill Palm Beach (perL obL J_ 1992). "Nomiaoled by Maguino (1993); occurs in hamod.. ill Dade Collllty. "500 AUOIiII (1993); Moyroud (1995) ~ aD tho invasi.. _ of this species. 16 M3It.b 1995 Page 7 Table 2. Category II Exotic Pest Plants (continued). Scientific Name Common Name I Pittosporum tobira Japanese Pittosporwn, PittospoIUIJl'2 Rhynchelytrum repens Natal Grass'] Sanse1lin"W hyacinthoides (syn. S. trifasciota) Bowstring-Hemp Solamun diphyllum Twinleaf Nightshade" Syngoniwn podophyllum Arrowhead Vine Syzygium jambos Rose-Apple Termina/Ia catappa Tropical-Almond Tribulus cistoides Puncture Vine" Triphasio trifoliota Lime Bmy" Urena /obata Caesar WeedS! Wedelio trilobata Wedelia'· W"uteria sinensis Chinese Wisteria'9 Total Category n Species = 55 Total Category I & n Species =11S ""'_in"'" by M...,n (1993); __ ill MYtnI DIdo COIIIIIy rocky pm.IuId "",,,"II. ""'_in""" by M...,n (1993). "MavecI 10 CaIqory n pc BIlllbDft" a: HufIiDm (1995) who nparI it in dense IIIIIIdt in hlmm"..h. "",_m.ted by DuquaaeI (1993), oppcaiDa in porb ill FInrida ICcys. "EacopiDa lXInICIriraria1\y. incIudiIIg !be Vqin IIiIIIds; DOW occurs JacaIly in Dode CQIIIIIy IIId IbouId be waIChed. "Moved '" ~ 11 pc BllllbDft" a: HufIiDm (1995) who roconIed it in hlmmodcs. "sIza1ber (1991) qua tbal \be QCIIus should be chIIIaed fiam W.del"' '" Compiay "Nnmin"ted by Word (1994&); supponod by I.1Imon (1994) who reconIs il in Loon IIId Wakulla ""'lIlies. 16 March 1995 Page g · . REFERENCES AustiD. D.F. 1978. Environm. Conserv. 5(1 ):25-34). in a hemiepiphytic fig (Ficus miaocorpa: Morace3e). Amer. J. BOL 78:971-977. Austin. D.F. 1993. Stinking passion-flower: Hero or villain? The Palmeno 13(3):5. Kline. B. 1992. Affiliated with DowElanco. Duluth, Georgia. pelS. comm. AustiD. D.F. 1995. Pm. cbs. 24 Febnwy 1995. Knigltt. B. 1994. Letter 30 November 1994. Austin, D.F ~ J. Hicklin, C. Lockhart and R. Rasha. 1992. Master Plan for the Leon M. Weekes Enviromnemal Krauss. P. 1987. Old Field Succession in EvClilades PIeserve, Tedmic:al Report to the City of Delray National Park. U.S. National Park Service, South Beach, Florida. Florida Research Center, SFRC-87103. Bcnsboff, P. and J. Hutlinan. 1995. AffilialCd with Lippincolt. C. 1992. PelS. comm. March 1992. Myakka River Stale Park, letter 17 Jamwy 1995. Ludlow, M. 1995. Affilialed with Marianna Stale BIOIISIein. J.L and D. McKey. 1989. The comparative Caverns Park. petS. comm. JanlWY 1995. bioiOlY of fias. ErperinJenJiD 45:601-604. Maguire, J. 1993. Letter December 1993. Burks. K. 1995. Affiliated with the Florida Depanmeu1 of Enviroomemal Protection. petS. comm. 12 JanlWY Maguire. J. and R. Hammer. 1993. Letter December 1995. 1993. Coile. N.C. 1993. Tropical Soda Apple. Solanum \IIarum McKey, D. 1989. Population biology of figs: DunaJ: The Plant from Hell. Florida Department of Applications for conservation. Experimenna 45:661- Agric. &: Cons. Services, BoIany Circular No. 27. 673. Dray, T.D~ T.D. Center and D.H. Habeck. 1994. McKey, D. and S.C. Kaufmann. 1991. NaruraJiz:alion of Phytophagous insects associalCd with Puna Sl7'aJDites exotic Ficus species (Moraceae) in south Florida. In inFlorida. EnvironmeruaJ Entomology 22:1146-1155. Proceedings 0/ the Sympo.rium on Exoric Pest Plaru:r (Miami, Florida 1988). eel. T.D. Ceruer. et aI .• 221- EPPC. 1992. SWIIII\aI)' of EPPC Meetin&. Depanmen1 236. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the of NaruraJ Resources lWource Manag=ent Notes Interior, National Park Service. 4(3):24. McMahon, M. 1993. PelS. comm. May 1993. Fox. D.A. 1993. Affilialed with Forest Resources Management. Fort Myers. petS. comm. Miller, R. 1995. Affi1ia1Cd with the South Florida Water Management District, pelS. coaun. 23 FebrU3IY 1995. Han. D. 1994. Letter 29 November 1994. Moyroud. R. 1995. Letter 17 JanlWY 1995. Hendricksoo, T. 1992. Pm. comm. Jamwy 1992. Mullahey, JJ. and DL. Colvin. 1993. Tropical Soda Hemlricksoo, T. 1994. PelS. comm. 6 December 1994. Apple: A Nt!W Naxious Weed in Florida. Florida Cooperative Ex!ension Service. Faa Sheet WRS-7. Jobmoo, ED. 1994. Leucr 5 December 1994. Mullahey, JJ. and !'. Hogue. 1994. Tropic:al Soda Apple Jubinsky, O. 1993. Chinese tallow gets worse! The (Solanum viQ1V1ll Dunal). Paper included in the Palmeno 13(3):3-4. workshop packet aI the July 15, 1994 Tropical Soda Apple Worksbop, Highlands COUDty Extension Office. Kaufmann. S., D.B. McKey, M. Hossaert-McKey and C.C. Horvitz. 1991. Adaptations for a rw~phase Mullahey, JJ.. P. Mislevy, D.L Colvin and R. Gaskalla. seed dispeJsaI system involving vertebra1es and ams 1994. Agronomy Facts: Preliminary Managemeru 16 March 1995 Page 9 Practices to Control and Prevent Tropical Soda Apple 1= presented l\I the 1993 Florida Native Plant (SoIQllum vianun 1. Florida Cooper.uive Extension Society Annual Meeting. Service. Institute of Food and Agricultwal Sciences. Wa:d. D. 1993. PeIS. comm. Puff, C. 1991. The Genus P3Cderia L: A Multidis ciplinary SIJIdy. Meise, Belgium. Wa:d. D. 1994a. Letter 4 November 1994. Schmitz. D. 1993. Letter 5 November 1993. Wa:d. D. 1994b. Letter 5 November 1994. Schmitz. D. 1994. Letter 20 December 1994. Wa:d. D. 1994<:. Letter 29 November 1994. Small. J.K. 1933. MIZ1DIIlI of 1M SouthetlSlD1I Flora. Wa:d. D. and Simon. 1994. Letter 5 November 1994. Chapel Hill: University of Nonh Carolina Press. B. Stevenson. 1993. WUDdcrlin, R.P. 1982. Gultk to 1M Jlascu/or Plana of Cemrai Florida. University of South Florida. Strange. LA. and RJ. Knigh!, Jr. 1987. Fig po\Iinaring wasps of Florida. Entomology Clrc:uiar No. 296, July. WUDdcrIin, R.P. 1991. PetS. comm. Strother, J~. 1991. SysremOlic BotQ1ly Monographs 33. Wunderlin, R.P., B.F. HaDsen, It.? Delaney, M. Nee and JJ. Mullahey. 1993. SoIanIl1., viIlnltn and Solanum T;mner, G.W. 1993. Affiliilled with the Depanmem of tDmpicens~ (Solanaceae): Twu weedy species new to Wildlife and Range Sciences. University of Florida. Florida and the United Swe:-'. SIda 15(4): 605-611. EPPC COMMlTIEE ON INVASIVE SPECIES Chainnan. Daoiel F. Austia, Department of BiolOiical Suzaaae Koptur, Department of Biological Sciences, Sciences, Florida Atlantic University. Boca RaIon, Florida ImemationaJ University. UniveISity Parle, Florida 33431 Miami, Florida 33199 Kalby C. Burks, DEP, Bureau of Aquatic PIaIIl Joe Magaire. Dade Co. DER.\1, III NW Fim Street Management, 3917 Commonwealth Boulevard. MS #1310, Miami. Florida 33128 710, Tallahassee. Florida 32399 Mark McMahoa, POB 380726. Miami, F1. 33238-0726 James Duque511e1, DEP, Division of Recreation /I: Parla, Key l.aiio Hammocks Stale Botanical Site, POB 487, Robert PembutoD, USDA, ARS, Aquatic Plant Conuol Key 1.argo, Florida 33037 Lab. 2305 Colleae Avenue, FOil Lauderdale, Florida 33314 David IIaIl, KBN, 1034 NW 57th Street, GaiDesville, Florida 32605 DaaieI B. Ward, Depanment of Botany, 220 Banram Theodore O. BeudricksoQ, 1112 NE 2Dd Street, Fen Hall, University of Florida. Gainesville, Florida 32611 LauderdaJe, Florida 3330\ -1167 Richard P. Wunderlia, Department of BiolOiical Roaald Hofstetter, Depanmem of Biology, University of Sciences. University of South Florida. Tampa. Florida Miami, Coral Gables. Florida 33124-9118 33620 16 March 1995 Page 10