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50 Koud bloed nr. 25 Verzamelaar van de maffia door Marnix Brendel Met foto’s van Fjodor Buis Op het Achtuurjournaal van 16 december 1985, ik was toen 15 jaar oud, zag ik het levenloze lichaam van Paul Castellano, de baas der bazen, op de stoep liggen voor zijn favoriete restaurant, Sparks Steak House, in Manhattan. Voordat hij zich te goed had kunnen doen aan zijn favoriete steak waren vier identiek geklede mannen uit alle vier de windrichtingen op hem toegelopen en hadden hun wapens op hem geleegd. Big Paul had geen schijn van kans gehad. Twintig jaar later wist ik de hand te leggen op de originele Amerikaanse kranten die op de voorpagina verslag deden van deze machtswisseling binnen het criminele milieu. De gangster John Gotti had (misdaad)geschiedenis geschreven. Hij was de nieuwe baas van de Gambino-familie, een van New Yorks vijf grootste maffiafamilies. Mijn fascinatie is zodoende al van jongs af aan aanwezig en zou worden aangewakkerd bij de aanschaf van mijn eerste verzamelstuk: het Amerikaanse staatsburgerschap van de beruchte maffiabaas Giuseppe ‘Joe Bananas’ Bonanno. Zo’n tien jaar geleden zag ik het document op een veiling voorbijkomen en de link met de film The Godfather was snel gemaakt. Ik bracht een bod uit, om vervolgens tot mijn verbazing te zien dat ik dit absolute topstuk gewonnen had. Een hobby was geboren en is inmiddels uitgegroeid tot een van de grootste particuliere verzamelingen ter wereld over de georganiseerde misdaad en de maffia in het bijzonder. Het merendeel van mijn verzamelstukken heb ik gevonden op veilingen, via collega-verzamelaars of omdat ik door Foto links: Marnix Brendel aanbieders van bijzondere objecten benaderd werd. In de Foto volgende pagina’s: maffia- afgelopen tien jaar heb ik zo een heel netwerk opgebouwd. baas Paul Castellano en body- Mijn verzameling bestaat onder andere uit honderden guard Thomas Bilotti zijn originele foto’s, kledingstukken, opsporingsposters, politie- neergeschoten voor de deur van identificatieboeken, gevangeniscorrespondentie, documenten en Sparks Steak House, 1985 zelfs bidprentjes van gangsters. Een groot deel van deze stukken Inzetje pagina 52: Paul zijn terug te vinden op mijn website: www.headsofthefamily.com Castellano Voor Koud bloed licht ik exclusief de vijf topstukken uit mijn privécollectie toe. 51 Koud bloed nr. 25 Het staatsburgerschap van Joseph Bonanno Wat maakt het Amerikaanse staatsburgerschap van Joseph Bonanno zo bijzonder? Bonanno was niet alleen een echte godfather, maar hij had ook nog aan het hoofd gestaan van een van dé vijf New Yorkse maffiafamilies: de Bonanno-familie. Hij stond model voor het personage van Don Corleone in The Godfather, geweld(ad)ig gespeeld door Marlon Brando. Geboren als Giuseppe Bonanno op 18 januari 1905 in Castellammare del Golfo, Sicilië, emigreerde hij met zijn familie in 1908 naar Amerika om tien jaar later weer terug te keren. Het duurde tot 1924 alvorens Joseph Bonanno opnieuw illegaal de oversteek zou maken naar het beloofde land. Benito Mussolini was in Italië aan de macht gekomen en had zich ten doel gesteld om de gehele maffia op Sicilië uit te roeien. Het zou tot 1938 duren alvorens hij, ditmaal legaal, de grens zou oversteken, om officieel aanspraak te kunnen maken op het staatsburgerschap. Bonanno vond vrijwel direct aansluiting bij de maffia en op 26- jarige leeftijd had hij al de twijfelachtige eer om een van de jongste godfathers ooit te zijn. Toen hij uiteindelijk op 17 mei 1945 op zijn veertigste Amerikaans staatsburger werd, was hij door al zijn illegale activiteiten reeds multimiljonair. Toen de autoriteiten hiervan op de hoogte kwamen volgden meerdere processen om hem alsnog de Amerikaanse nationaliteit te ontnemen. De godfather zou uiteindelijk in alle rust en vrijheid een natuurlijke dood sterven op de bijzondere leeftijd van 97 jaar. Uniek voor een maffiabaas. Van Bonanno’s nazaten hoorde ik dat hij elke avond voor het slapengaan zijn kluis, verborgen achter een schilderij boven zijn bed, opende om het staatsburgerschap te bekijken en te kussen; zó trots was hij om Amerikaan te zijn. Hij had het gemaakt in het land van de onbegrensde mogelijkheden. 54 Koud bloed nr. 25 55 Koud bloed nr. 25 The Godfather Na het overlijden van godfather Joseph Bonanno in 2002 kwamen veel persoonlijke spullen onder de hamer. Ze werden verkocht door zijn schoondochter Rosalie, getrouwd met zoon Bill, consigliere. Haar vader was Giuseppe ‘Joe’ Profaci, die dertig jaar leiding had gegeven aan de Profaci-familie, nu bekend als de Colombo-familie, een van de vijf New Yorkse maffiafamilies. Een huwelijkse verbintenis tussen twee misdaadfamilies kwam vaker voor en was bedoeld om een blok te vormen tegen de rest van de families, al zal er ook liefde in het spel zijn geweest. Rosalie had niets op met de maffia, zij was het liefst het klooster in gegaan. Na het Amerikaanse staatsburgerschap lukte het mij om nog meer persoonlijke eigendommen te verkrijgen. Op de foto’s zijn Bonanno’s originele maatpak uit de jaren ’70, stropdas, schoenen, manchetknopen, leesbril en hoed te zien. Joseph Bonanno ging op 63-jarige leeftijd noodgedwongen met pensioen. Hij had net een hartaanval gekregen, maar ook geprobeerd om baas der bazen te worden door de maffiabazen Carlo Gambino en Gaetano ‘Tommy’ Lucchese uit de weg te laten ruimen. De hitman stapte echter naar de tegenpartij. De families lieten hem de keus: aftreden of sterven. Hij trok zich terug op zijn ranch in Texas om zijn memoires te schrijven, A Man of Honor. Een jonge openbare aanklager en latere burgemeester van New York, Rudolph Giuliani, las tot zijn verbijstering in die biografie over het functioneren van ‘De Commissie’. Tot die tijd had men het bestaan van een dergelijk adviserend orgaan binnen de maffia nooit kunnen aantonen en nu stond het er, zwart op wit! Bonanno werd als getuige opgeroepen. Hij beriep zich op zijn zwijgplicht, de Omerta, en ging op 80-jarige leeftijd voor een jaar de gevangenis in wegens minachting van de rechtbank. De maffia was een gevoelige slag toegebracht en zou dit nooit meer te boven komen. De leden van De Commissie, onder wie de leiders van de vijf New Yorkse families Bonanno, Rechts: paspop geheel aange- Colombo, Gambino, Genovese en Lucchese, werden veroordeeld kleed met echte kleding van de tot gevangenisstraffen van veertig tot wel honderd jaar. maffiabaas die model heeft gestaan voor de film The God- father 56 Koud bloed nr. 25 57 Koud bloed nr. 25 De hoeden van de maffia Met name de maffiafamilies uit Chicago en New York waren vertegenwoordigd in de gokstad Las Vegas. Zij hadden belangen in verscheidene casino’s, zoals de Desert Inn, Fremont, Golden Nugget, en Stardust. Het was allemaal begonnen nadat in Cuba Fidel Castro het regime van Batista omver had geworpen. Tot die tijd was Cuba een vrijhaven geweest voor de maffia en werd het druk bezocht door toeristen die wel van een gokje hielden. De gangsters Meyer Lansky en Bugsy Siegel hadden direct het potentieel van Las Vegas gezien, en openden daar al op 26 december 1946 hun eerste casino: de Flamingo. Naast de vele toeristen bezochten de gangsters natuurlijk zelf ook het casino om een gokje te wagen of te genieten van een avondje uit met bijvoorbeeld de Rat Pack met Frank Sinatra. ‘Old blue eyes’ trad regelmatig op in het Sands casino, waar eigenaar Jackie Friedman er een bijzondere verzameling op na hield. Mr. Friedman was een verwoed verzamelaar van hoeden. Na zijn overlijden werd zijn kantoor door zijn persoonlijke assistent opgeruimd en een aantal hoeden, die op een plank stonden uitgestald, werden eerst opgeslagen, toen verkocht aan een verzamelaar, om uiteindelijk bij mij te belanden. De hoeden behoorden toe aan de godfathers Joseph Bonanno, Joseph Colombo, Carlo Gambino, Vito Genovese, Lucky Luciano en zijn boezemvriend Meyer Lansky, een van de grondleggers van het huidige Las Vegas. De zes hoeden zijn ‘custom made’ voor hun eigenaren. Hun namen zijn machinaal in de hoeden gestempeld. Veel gangsters uit die tijd waren ijdel en lieten hun naam terugkomen in bijvoorbeeld hun kleding. Op de foto is links de hoed van de baas der bazen Lucky Luciano en rechts de hoed van zijn consigliere Meyer Lansky te zien. In de film Boardwalk Empire over het leven van Enoch ‘Nucky’ Johnson (Steve Buscemi), spelen beide heren een belangrijke rol. 58 Koud bloed nr. 25 Boven: de hoeden van Lucky Luciano en Meyer Lansky Links: brief met Sands Casino logo van Jackie Friedman 59 Koud bloed nr. 25 Kennedy en de mob Tommy McGinty was een bekende Cleveland mobster en een van de beste vedergewicht boksers van zijn tijd. Na een blessure trok hij zich terug uit de ring om succesvol carrière te maken als bokspromotor. Naast het boksen promootte hij illegaal gokken en daar dankte hij dan ook zijn bijnaam ‘Black Jack’ aan. Hij runde een club voor de armen en een voor de rijken. Deze ‘ar- menclub’, gevestigd aan 2077 West 25th street, genoot landelijke bekendheid, omdat Eliot Ness, de beroemde misdaadbestrijder, deze op 21 juli 1936 binnenviel. Zijn andere club, De Mounds Club aan Chardon Road, was bedoeld voor de rich and famous. Zij konden zich hier te goed doen aan alcohol, gokken en er was live entertainment in overvloed. De club werd ook veelvuldig door gangsters bezocht. Nadat de Mounds Club in 1950 door de staat Ohio werd gesloten, werden de gokactiviteiten onderge- bracht in het casino de Desert Inn, in samenwerking met de gangsters Moe Dalitz en Morris Kleinman. In 1951 werd McGinty als getuige gehoord door de Kefauver-commissie, die onderzoek deed naar de georganiseerde misdaad in Amerika. De getoonde foto dateert uit 1957 en laat een jonge John Fitzgerald Kennedy zien op een gala, geanimeerd in gesprek met huisvriend ‘Black Jack’ McGinty.
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    Don Hollywood. the Mafia Gave the Movies Material. the Movies Gave John Gotti a Script

    Don Hollywood. The Mafia gave the movies material. The movies gave John Gotti a script BY JAMES PONIEWOZIK TIME MAGAZINE Monday, Jun. 17, 2002 John Gotti thought of himself as the Caesar of the Mafia. But he was really its Commodus. As with the emperor in the movie Gladiator, when Gotti took over the Gambino crime family in 1985, some saw his ascension as a step backward for the family. He was muscle, a grunt, an obscure and none-too-bright soldier who wouldn't have become boss if so many of his betters weren't already in jail. So, like Commodus, Gotti, who died of cancer in a prison hospital last week at 61, made up for his shortcomings with entertainments. He threw Fourth of July parties for his neighbors in Queens, N.Y., making himself the toast of the locals. (His folk-heroism was always a peculiarly parochial, New York City phenomenon, like Ed Koch or egg creams.) He made like a mobster out of central casting, plunging into night life wearing $2,000 suits (hence his nickname "the Dapper Don") and taunting the feds by being acquitted three times (hence, "the Teflon Don") before the charges stuck. The media gladly helped inflate that image. The '80s were the new '20s, and here was its Capone! And Gotti obsessed over his coverage. TIME put an Andy Warhol portrait of him on its cover in 1986, and Gotti framed it in his office. On one surveillance tape, he and his associates can be heard critiquing a TV re-enactment of the Mob hit that brought him to power.