Draft Initial Environmental Examination July 2014 (Updated December 2015) IND: Climate Adaptation in Vennar Sub-basin in Cauvery Delta Project Prepared by Mott MacDonald for Asian Development Bank July 2014 This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Chapter Page I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 3 A. Environmental (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986, Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 with amendments and rules 3 B. EIA Notification 2006 and amendments 3 C. Process of Environmental Clearance 4 D. Stages of Prior Environmental Clearance 5 E. CRZ Notification 2011 5 F. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and amendments 6 G. Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 7 H. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, its Rules and amendments 7 I. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, its Rules and amendments7 J. Manufacturing, Storage and Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 and Amendments 8 K. Asian Development Bank 8 L. Compliances for the Project 9 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 11 A. Background 11 B. Vennar System 11 C. Location 12 D. Project interventions 13 E. Category 13 F. Need of the project 13 G. Description of Rivers and Proposed Project 14 H. Pump Stations 20 I. Project Alternatives: 20 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 22 A. Location 22 B. Land Use 23 C. Climate 25 D. Flooding and Drought 28 E. Topography and Geology 29 F. Seismicity 30 G. Ground Water 30 H. Sampling Location of Ground Water Sample 31 I. Water and Soil Quality Environment 32 J. Ambient Air Quality 33 K. Noise 36 L. Ecological Environment 37 M. Socioeconomic Environment 39 N. Social and Community Infrastructure 39 O. Climate change projections 40 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 41 A. Methodology 41 B. Mitigation Hierarchy 42 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 42 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 50 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 53 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 55 A. Implementation and Monitoring Arrangements 74 B. Environmental Monitoring Reporting 75 C. Environmental management and monitoring costs 75 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 77 A. Recommendations 77 B. Conclusion 77 X. ANNEXURES 79 Annexure 1: Public Consultation 80 Annexure 2: Testing Results of River Water, ground water 90 Annexure 3: Testing Results of River Bed Silt 130 Annexure 4. Baseline studies on Air quality and Noise 150 Annexure 5. Terrestial Ecology 154 Annexure 6: Aquatic Ecology 175 Annexure 7: Proposed project and CRZ Map 250 Annexure 8: List of Structure of rivers 253 Annexure 9 :Project Photographs 256 Annexure 10: Typical example of re-sectioning of river 262 Annexure 11: Environmental Code of Practice for Borrow Area 263 Annexure 12: Traffic Management 265 Annexure 13: Sample Formats for Environmental Monitoring Reports and Grievance Action Forms 267 List of Tables Table B-1: Project under Schedule of EIA notification 3 Table B-2: Noise Level Standards Precribed Tamil Nadu Pollution Control 7 Table B-3: Statutory and Regulatory Compliance Plan 9 Table C-1: The summary of the rivers are given below table. 15 Table C-2: New Structures and Structures to be Reconstructed and Repaired 16 Table D-1: Summary of Land Use of the Project districts 23 Table D-2: Residential Area on Addapar River 24 Table D-3: Residential Area on Harichandranadi River 24 Table D-4: Residential Area on Vellaiyar River 24 Table D-5: Residential Area on Valavanar River 24 Table D-6: Commercial-cum-Residential Area on 24 Table D-7: Schools and 25 Table D-8: Rainfall of Thanjavur, Nagapattinum and Thiruvarur in year 2013 25 Table D-9: Average data of five location of the project area 28 Table D-10: Frequency of Extreme Rainfall 28 Table D-11: Stratigraphic Succession of the Cauvery Delta Area (after UNDP, 1970) 30 Table D-12: Sampling Location of ground water 31 Table D-13: Sampling location of River Water and River silt 32 Table D-14: Ambient Air Quality Location 34 Table D-15: Vegetation composition in the study area 38 Table D-16: Demographic data of three districts 39 Table F-1: Communication Plan for Project Affected Families 51 Table H-1: Environmental Management Plan 55 Table H-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan 71 Table H.3: Responsibility of Environmental Officer and Specialist of PMU 74 Table H.4: Environmental mitigation and Monitoring Budget 75 List of Figures Figure C.1: Location Map of proposed project 12 Figure D.1: Location Map of the proposed project 22 Figure D.2: Arrival of Monsoon 26 Figure D.3: Withdrawal Arrival of Monsoon 27 Figure D.4: Salinity Intrusion Map 31 Figure D.5: Sampling Location Map 33 Figure D.6: Noise and Air Sampling Location Map 35 Figure D.7: Number of Species versus Life Forms 38 Figure H.1: Proposed Sampling location 74 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand CO – Carbon Monoxide CFE – Consent for Establishment CH4 – Methane CFO – Consent for Operation DO – dissolved oxygen dB – Decibel IEE – Initial Environmental Examination EA – executing agency EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EC – Environmental Clearance GoI – Government of India GoU – Government of Uttrakhand Ha – Hectare H2S – Hydrogen sulphide HFL – High Flood level Km – Kilometer Leq – Sound level Mg – Milligram MFF – Multitranche Financing Facility MoEF – Ministry of Environment & Forests MLD – Million Litter Per day Mn – Million M – Meter mm – Millimeter mg/l – Milligram per Liter 3 m – Cubic meter NAAQM – National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring NOx – oxides of Nitrogen NA – Not Applicable OUR – oxygen uptake rate O & M – Operation and maintenance PMU – Project Management Unit PWD – Public works Division PIU – Project Implementation Units RCC – Reinforced Cement Concrete RoW – Right of Way RSPM – Respirable suspended particulate matter RP – Rehabilitation Plan SEIAA – State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SPCB – State Pollution Control Board SS – Suspended Solids SBR – Sequential Batch Reactor SPM – Suspended Particulate Matter SO2 – sulphur dioxides ST – Scheduled Tribes SC – Scheduled Castes SOP – Standard Operational Procedures UDD – Urban Development Department g/m3 – Micro Gram Per Cubic Meter % – Percentage WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cm – centimeter Crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 Lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 km – Kilometer kph – Kilometer per hour Lpd – liters per day M – Meter mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – Millimeter MSL – Mean sea level μ – 10-6 meter µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter μS/cm – micro Siemens per centimeter NTU – Nephalo turbidity unit ppm – parts per million GLOSSARY Ayacut – Area provided with irrigation water De-silting or Re-grading – Excavation of the channel bed to remove sand bars and vegetation to restore the channel to its design section Dredging – Excavation below water. Embankment – A raised earthen bank to carry a road or railway across a low-lying area or to re-direct or prevent flooding by a river or sea. Bank Standardisation – Reforming the embankment along a river channel to comply with the design section. Fluming – Provision of vertical retaining walls either side of a channel. Fluming is provided in reaches where it is not possible to re-section the channel with the standard trapezoidal section due to physical constraints such as buildings on the bank side or lack of government land. Levee – A levee is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall, which regulates water levels. It is usually earthen and often parallel to the course of a river in its floodplain or along low-lying coastlines. Pumping Schemes – Pumping schemes pump drain or river water to irrigate land that is too high to receive water directly from irrigation canal system. Re-construction – Demolition and removal of all components of an existing structure and construction of new structure including foundations on the same site. Re-sectioning – Changing the cross section of channels by excavating the bed, widening the bed width and raising the level and width of side embankments. Repair – Restoration the components of the structure to function as designed. Minor repairs include replacing plaster, replacement of a gate operating mechanism. Major repairs include reconstruction of one component of the structure such as a wing wall or side wall. River Training – Provision of hard protection on one bank of the channel to prevent scour. The hard protection can be either inclined block protection or a vertical concrete retaining wall. NOTE{S} In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. “INR” and “ ” refer to Indian rupees I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The project supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) will improve six rivers in the Vennar System by adopting structural and non-structural investments. Achieving climate resilience of the water management through infrastructure improvements based on projections of climate change using modelling techniques are key project strategies. 2. The project includes upgrading of the irrigation system