Innovation in Europe — Results for the Eu, Iceland and Norway
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2004 EDITION Innovation in Europe Results for the EU, Iceland and Norway PANORAMA OF THE EUROPEAN UNION PANORAMA Data 1998–2001 THEME 9 EUROPEAN Science COMMISSION 9and technology Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union New freephone number: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004 ISBN 92-894-7262-6 © European Communities, 2004 Foreword Enhancing innovation is a cornerstone of the Lisbon strategy which aims to make the European Union the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy by the end of the decade. In order to raise living standards over the coming years the Union should become a world reference for innovation. However, progress towards such an innovative European economy is proving tentative and fragile. In 2003 the Communication of the Commission 'Innovation policy: updating the Union's approach in the context of the Lisbon strategy' developed a renewed vision of innovation in Europe, its role and importance, its challenges and its multifaceted character. The 2003 European Innovation Scoreboard stressed that much remains to be done to meet the Lisbon goal, not only in creating new knowledge through research, but also in the transfer and application of already existing leading edge technologies. In subsequent policy discussions, the Competitiveness Council reiterated these messages, inviting the Commission to create a framework of common objectives for innovation policy including an assessment mechanism for taking stock of the progress achieved. In 2004 a new European Action Plan on Innovation will be launched to put this analysis into practice. All these political efforts depend on the existence of a sound statistical basis. The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) provides this basis. It is the main statistical instrument that allows the monitoring of Europe's progress in the area of innovation. The CIS creates a better understanding of the innovation process and analyses the effects of innovation on the economy (regarding competitiveness, employment, economic growth, trade patterns, etc.). Three waves of the Community Innovation Survey have already been carried out. Based on the Oslo manual that provides the methodological guidelines, this publication presents the results of the Third Community Innovation Survey (CIS 3) for most of the EU countries, Norway and Iceland. In part one, a general overview of the CIS 3 results, on the basis of an EU aggregate are presented, before examining innovation across enterprise size-classes and by NACE Sections. Part one finishes by looking at employment and market characteristics of enterprises with innovation activity. Part two then provides a set of tables by country, looking at the same set of innovation features that are mentioned above. There is still ample room for improvement in innovation statistics. Cross-country comparability must be improved and more frequent data gathering cycles are necessary. The regional aspect also needs to be explored in greater detail because companies and in particular SMEs depend to a large extent on the existence of regional innovation networks and infrastructure. Understanding of the 'non-technical' aspects of innovation, such as management techniques, organisational change, design and marketing issues also needs to be enhanced. Some of these improvements of the CIS are already underway. Our next steps will be the revision of the Oslo manual along the above lines and a new legal basis for innovation statistics. Sylvie Ribaille Jean-Noël Durvy Head of Unit B-5 Head of Unit A-6 Eurostat Enterprise Directorate-General Innovation in Europe - results for Eurostat co-ordinators: Preparation of this publication: Additional information: the EU, Iceland and Norway August Götzfried INFORMA sàrl (Giovanni Albertone, A great deal of additional information The Research Unit (B5) within Unit B5 - Research, Eurostat, Simon Allen, Annekatrin Fink, Séverine on the European Union is available on Eurostat has co-ordinated this Statistical Office of the European Gautron, Andrew Redpath, Markus the Internet. It can be accessed publication (Head of Unit B5, Communities, Voget, Daniel Waterschoot) through the Europa server at Mrs Ribaille). The opinions expressed Bâtiment Joseph Bech, E-mail: [email protected] http://www.europa.eu.int are those of the individual authors Rue Alphonse Weicker 5, alone and do not necessarily reflect L-2721, Luxembourg Data requests: the position of the European Tel. (352) 4301 34432 All data requests should be addressed Commission. Fax (352) 4301 32600 to one of the Eurostat Data Shops list- E-mail: [email protected] ed at the end of this publication. This list is updated on the Internet, at the Paul Crowley following address: Unit B5 - Research, Eurostat, http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat Statistical Office of the European Communities, Bâtiment Joseph Bech, Rue Alphonse Weicker 5, L-2721, Luxembourg E-mail: [email protected] Anna Larsson Unit B5 - Research, Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European Communities, Bâtiment Joseph Bech, Rue Alphonse Weicker 5, L-2721, Luxembourg E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents FOREWORD 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 PART 1 - INNOVATION IN THE EU INTRODUCTION 9 The economics of innovation 10 Defining innovation 11 Innovation policy within Europe 12 1. INNOVATION IN EUROPE: OVERVIEW OF THE THIRD COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY (CIS3) 15 1.1 Summary results 17 1.2 Sources and inputs of innovation 23 1.3 Effects and impact: innovation output 29 1.4 Barriers to innovation 33 1.5 Comparison of the second and third Community Innovation Surveys 36 2. INNOVATION ACROSS ENTERPRISE SIZE-CLASSES 39 2.1 Summary results 40 2.2 Sources and inputs of innovation 45 2.3 Barriers to innovation 48 3. INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 51 3.1 Summary results 52 3.2 Sources and inputs of innovation 56 3.3 Effects and impact: innovation output 59 3.4 Barriers to innovation 62 4. SPECIAL FEATURES ON INNOVATION 67 4.1 Impact of product innovations on turnover 68 4.2 New products 69 4.3 Employment growth and innovation 70 4.4 Employment and innovation: size-class effects 72 4.5 Employment and innovation: across economic activities 73 4.6 Education levels and innovation activity 74 4.7 Enterprises’ markets 74 3 PART 2 - INNOVATION IN THE MEMBER STATES, ICELAND AND NORWAY COUNTRY CHAPTERS 77 Belgium 78 Denmark 90 Germany 102 Greece 114 Spain 126 France 138 Ireland 150 Italy 162 Luxembourg 174 The Netherlands 186 Austria 198 Portugal 210 Finland 222 Sweden 234 The United Kingdom 246 Iceland 258 Norway 270 PART 3 - METHODOLOGY 283 Scope and coverage 284 Survey methodology 287 Questionnaire 288 4 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES 1. INNOVATION IN EUROPE - OVERVIEW OF THE THIRD COMMUNITY INNOVATION SURVEY (CIS3) 1.1 Summary results Page Table 1.1.1: Typology of innovators, EU, 1998-2000 18 Figure 1.1.1: Typology of innovators, EU, 1998-2000 18 Table 1.1.2: Typology of innovators, industry, EU, 1998-2000 19 Table 1.1.3: Typology of innovators, services, EU, 1998-2000 19 Table 1.1.3: Proportion of product innovators that introduced a product that was new to the market, EU, 1998-2000 20 Table 1.1.4: Typology of innovators, EU, 1998-2000 20 Table 1.1.5: On-going innovation activity, EU, 1998-2000 20 Table 1.1.6: Abandoned innovation activity, EU, 1998-2000 20 Table 1.1.7: Enterprises without innovation activity, EU, 1998-2000 20 Table 1.1.8: Other important strategic and organisational changes, EU, 1998-2000 21 Figure 1.1.2: Proportion of enterprises introducing other important strategic and organisational changes, EU, 1998-2000 22 1.2 Sources and inputs of innovation Table 1.2.1: Proportion of product innovators developing product innovations with selected partners, EU, 1998-2000 23 Table 1.2.2: Proportion of process innovators developing process innovations with selected partners, EU, 1998-2000 23 Figure 1.2.1: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity indicating that selected sources of information were considered as highly important for innovation, EU, 1998-2000 24 Table 1.2.3: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity indicating that selected sources of information were considered as highly important for innovation, EU, 1998-2000 24 Table 1.2.4: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity that received public financial support, EU, 1998-2000 25 Figure 1.2.2: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity that received public financial support, EU, 1998-2000 25 Table 1.2.5: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity that received public financial support, by type of enterprise, EU, 1998-2000 26 Figure 1.2.3: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity involved in innovation co-operation, by type of enterprise, EU, 1998-2000 26 Table 1.2.6: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity involved in innovation co-operation, by type of enterprise, EU, 1998-2000 27 Table 1.2.7: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity involved in innovation co-operation, by type of partner, EU, 1998-2000 27 Figure 1.2.4: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity involved in innovation co-operation, by type of partner, EU, 1998-2000 27 Figure 1.2.5: Proportion of enterprises with innovation activity involved in innovation co-operation, by location of partner, EU, 1998-2000 28 Figure