) pungens Hemizonia (previously

Centromadia pungens pungens Centromadia , Spikeweed

Noxious Weed Scientific Name Update: Name Scientific Weed Noxious

Palouse Prairie habitat. Prairie Palouse Infestation Hawthorn English

crowding out native species to rapidly degrade the the degrade rapidly to species native out crowding

root system. Perhaps more concerning still, it is is it still, concerning more Perhaps system. root NWCB County Juan San of courtesy Image

contribute to soil erosion due to it’s shallow 2 inch inch 2 shallow it’s to due erosion soil to contribute

reduce hay yields. Ventenata is also known to to known also is Ventenata yields. hay reduce

production systems, where it can significantly significantly can it where systems, production Image courtesy Carr of Gerald

is a particular problem in pasture, CRP, and hay hay and CRP, pasture, in problem particular a is

it is most prevalent in the southeastern region. It It region. southeastern the in prevalent most is it English Hawthorn

Ventenata Washington, In Northwest. Pacific the throughout

and managed areas in the past two decades decades two past the in areas managed and

perennial grass systems and in disturbed areas areas disturbed in and systems grass perennial

annual grass that has rapidly expanded in in expanded rapidly has that grass annual Ventenata is another weedy, nonnative, invasive, invasive, nonnative, weedy, another is Ventenata

Image courtesy of Rich Old, XID Services Old, Rich of courtesy Image

Ventenata dubia Ventenata Ventenata,

: weed noxious C Class New

native western hawthorn. hawthorn. western native

Hawthorn is also capable of hybridizing with the the with hybridizing of capable also is Hawthorn

valuable forage and can harm grazing animals. grazing harm can and forage valuable

altering grassland and forest habitat. English English habitat. forest and grassland altering

where it significantly reduces native plants and and plants native reduces significantly it where

restricting the movement of wildlife, and and wildlife, of movement the restricting

including grasslands and sagebrush steppe, steppe, sagebrush and grasslands including

pasture and economically important land, land, important economically and pasture

The unpalatable grass invades many ecosystems, ecosystems, many invades grass unpalatable The

land and in natural areas, invading prime prime invading areas, natural in and land

produce as much as 243 million seeds per acre. acre. per seeds million 243 as much as produce

Island, where it is encroaching on agricultural agricultural on encroaching is it where Island,

as two years. Moreover, the plant is estimated to to estimated is plant the Moreover, years. two as

Washington, most particularly on San Juan Juan San on particularly most Washington,

into the soil and its seeds remain viable for as long long as for viable remain seeds its and soil the into

It has been escaping cultivation in western western in cultivation escaping been has It

roots have been known to reach 40 inches deep deep inches 40 reach to known been have roots

sharp spines that made it useful as a hedgerow. hedgerow. a as useful it made that spines sharp

spikes with long awns. The Medusahead’s fibrous fibrous Medusahead’s The awns. long with spikes

white, showy flowers, bright red fruit, and and fruit, red bright flowers, showy white,

called culms, have alternating leaves and erect erect and leaves alternating have culms, called

landscaping because of its densely clustered clustered densely its of because landscaping

up to two feet tall, Medusahead’s thin stems, stems, thin Medusahead’s tall, feet two to up

Medusahead in used been has that shrub large to tree small

twisting, and is covered in small barbs. Growing Growing barbs. small in covered is and twisting,

English hawthorn is a long-lived, deciduous deciduous long-lived, a is hawthorn English

grass that can be somewhat spreading and and spreading somewhat be can that grass

Crataegus monogyna Crataegus Hawthorn, English Medusahead is a weedy, nonnative, winter annual annual winter nonnative, weedy, a is Medusahead

Medusahead, Medusahead, Taeniatherum caput-medusae Taeniatherum New Class C noxious weed: noxious C Class New

: weed noxious C Class New Noxious weed list changes for 2016 for changes list weed Noxious

County Contacts County Contacts Adams (509) 659-1806 Spokane (509) 477-5777 Adam - District #1 (509) 488-9023 Stevens (509) 684-7590 Asotin (509) 243-2098 Thurston (360) 786-5576 2016 Benton (509) 943-6005 Wahkiakum (360) 795-3852 Benton - District #1 (509) 786-5609 Walla Walla (509) 524-2688 Washington State Chelan (509) 667-6576 Whatcom (360) 778-6234 Clallam (360) 417-2442 Whitman (509) 397-6261 Noxious Weed List Clark (360) 397-6140 Yakima (509) 574-2180 Columbia (509) 382-9760 Cowlitz (360) 577-3117 To learn more about noxious weeds and noxious weed control in Washington State, Douglas (WSU) (509) 745-8531 please contact: Ferry (509) 775-5225 Ext. 1111 Franklin (509) 545-3847 WA State Noxious Weed Control Board Garfield (509) 843-1913 P.O. Box 42560 Grant (509) 754-2011 Ext. 375 Olympia, WA 98504-2560 (360)-725-5764 Grant - District #1 (509) 750-8948 Email: [email protected] Grant - District #3 (509) 785-3621 Website: http://www.nwcb.wa.gov Grays Harbor (360) 482-2265 Or Island (360) 678-7992 Jefferson (360) 379-5610 Ext. 205 WA State Department of Agriculture 21 North First Avenue #103 King (206) 477-9333 Yakima, WA 98902 Kitsap (360) 307-4242 (509) 249-6973 Kittitas (509) 962-7007 USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). Klickitat (509) 773-5810 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Lewis (360) 740-1215 Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. Lincoln (509) 725-3646 Mason (360) 427-9670 Ext. 592 Okanogan (509) 422-7165 Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) Pacific (360) 875-9425 a new Class C noxious weed for 2016 Pend Oreille (509) 447-2402 Pierce (253) 798-7263 San Juan (360) 376-3499 List arranged alphabetically by: Skagit (360) 336-9430 SCIENTIFIC NAME Skamania (509) 427-3941 Snohomish (425) 388-7548 To help protect the State’s resources and Weed Classes: A, B, and C Noxious Weeds are non-native plants introduced to Washington State that can economy, the Washington State Noxious Class A Weeds: Non-native species whose Weed Control Board adopts a State Noxious distribution in Washington is still limited. be highly destructive, competitive, and Weed List each year (WAC 16-750). This list Preventing new infestations and eradicating difficult to control. These plants invade our groups weeds into three major classes – A, existing infestations are the highest priority. croplands, rangeland, forests, parks, rivers, B, and C – based on the distribution of each Eradication of Class A plants is required by law. lakes, wetlands, and estuaries causing both species and the seriousness of the threat they Class B Weeds: Non-native species presently ecological and economical damage that pose to Washington State. This classification limited to portions of the State. Species are affects us all. Noxious weeds can: system is designed to: designated for control in regions where they are not yet widespread. Preventing new infestations • Lower crop yields • Prevent small infestations from expanding in these areas is a high priority. In regions where • Reduce forage quality by eradicating them when they are first a Class B species is already abundant, control is • Destroy plant and animal habitat detected decided at the local level, with containment as • Displace native plants the primary goal. Please contact your County • Restrict already established weed • Reduce recreational opportunities (e.g., populations to regions of the state where Noxious Weed Control Coordinator to learn which species are designated in your area. fishing, hunting, swimming and hiking) they occur and prevent their movement • Clog waterways to un-infested areas Class C Weeds: Noxious weeds that are typically widespread in WA or are of special interest to • Decrease land values • Allow flexibility of weed control at the the state’s agricultural industry. The Class C • Increase erosion and wildfire risk local level for weeds that are already status allows counties to require control if locally • And some are toxic to humans and widespread. desired. Other counties may choose to provide livestock. education or technical consultation.

2016 Washington State Noxious Weed List Class A Noxious Weeds - Eradication required Class B Noxious Weeds-Continued Class C Noxious Weeds

Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard Centaurea jacea knapweed, brown Aegilops cylindrica jointed goatgrass Brachypodium sylvaticum false brome Centaurea x moncktonii knapweed, meadow Ailanthus altissima tree-of-heaven Butomus umbellatus flowering rush Centaurea nigra knapweed, black Alopecurus myosuroides blackgrass Carduus pycnocephalus thistle, Italian Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle Artemisia absinthium absinth wormwood Carduus tenuiflorus thistle, slenderflower Centaurea stoebe knapweed, spotted Arum italicum Italian arum Centaurea calcitrapa purple starthistle Chondrilla juncea rush skeletonweed Berberis vulgaris common barberry Centaurea macrocephala knapweed, bighead Conium maculatum poison hemlock Cenchrus longispinus longspine sandbur Centaurea nigrescens knapweed, Vochin Cynoglossum officinale houndstongue Centromadia pungens spikeweed Clematis orientalis oriental clematis Cyperus esculentus yellow nutsedge Cirsium arvense thistle, Canada Crupina vulgaris common crupina Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom Cirsium vulgare thistle, bull Euphorbia oblongata eggleaf spurge Daphne laureola spurge laurel Clematis vitalba old man’s beard Galega officinalis goatsrue Echium vulgare blueweed Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed Genista monspessulana French broom Egeria densa Brazilian elodea Cortaderia jubata jubata grass Glyceria maxima reed sweetgrass Epilobium hirsutum hairy willowherb Cortaderia selloana pampas grass Helianthus ciliaris Texas blueweed Euphorbia esula spurge, leafy

Heracleum mantegazzianum giant hogweed Euphorbia myrsinites spurge, myrtle Crataegus monogyna English hawthorn Hydrilla verticillata hydrilla Ficaria verna lesser celandine Cuscuta approximata smoothseed alfalfa dodder Isatis tinctoria dyer’s woad Foeniculum vulgare (except F. common fennel, (except Daucus carota wild carrot (except where Ludwigia peploides floating primrose-willow vulgare var. azoricum) bulbing fennel) commercially grown) Mirabilis nyctaginea wild four-o’clock Geranium lucidum shiny geranium Dipsacus fullonum common teasel Myriophyllum heterophyllum variable-leaf milfoil Geranium robertianum herb-Robert Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Pueraria montana var. lobata kudzu Hieracium aurantiacum hawkweed, orange Gypsophila paniculata babysbreath Saccharum ravennae Ravenna grass Hieracium, subgenus Hieracium hawkweeds: All nonnative Hedera helix ‘Baltica’, English ivy - four cultivars species and hybrids of the ‘Pittsburgh’, and ‘Star’; H. only Salvia aethiopis sage, Mediterranean Wall subgenus hibernica ‘Hibernica’ Salvia pratensis meadow clary Hieracium, subgenus Pilosella hawkweeds: All nonnative Hyoscyamus niger black henbane Salvia sclarea sage, clary species and hybrids of the Hypericum perforatum common St. Johnswort Schoenoplectus mucronatus ricefield bulrush Meadow subgenus Hypochaeris radicata common catsear Silybum marianum thistle, milk Impatiens glandulifera policeman’s helmet Iris pseudacorus yellowflag iris Solanum elaeagnifolium silverleaf nightshade Kochia scoparia kochia Lepidium appelianum hairy whitetop Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass Lamiastrum galeobdolon yellow archangel Lepidium draba hoary cress Spartina alterniflora cordgrass, smooth Lepidium latifolium perennial pepperweed Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Spartina anglica cordgrass, common Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Dalmatian toadflax Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax Spartina densiflora cordgrass, dense-flowered Ludwigia hexapetala water primrose Matricaria perforata scentless mayweed Spartina patens cordgrass, saltmeadow Lysimachia vulgaris loosestrife, garden Nymphaea odorata fragrant waterlily Spartium junceum Spanish broom Lythrum salicaria loosestrife, purple Phalaris arundinacea reed canarygrass Thymelaea passerina spurge flax Lythrum virgatum loosestrife, wand Potamogeton crispus curlyleaf pondweed Zygophyllum fabago Syrian beancaper Myriophyllum aquaticum parrotfeather Rorippa austriaca Austrian fieldcress Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian watermilfoil Class B Noxious Weeds Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Nymphoides peltata yellow floating heart Rubus laciniatus evergreen blackberry Abutilon theophrasti velvetleaf Onopordum acanthium thistle, Scotch Secale cereale cereal rye Acroptilon repens knapweed, Russian Phragmites australis common reed (nonnative Senecio vulgaris common groundsel Alhagi maurorum camelthorn genotypes only) Silene latifolia ssp. alba white cockle Amorpha fruticosa indigobush Picris hieracioides hawkweed oxtongue Solanum rostratum buffalobur Anchusa arvensis bugloss, annual Polygonum cuspidatum knotweed, Japanese Soliva sessilis lawnweed Anchusa officinalis bugloss, common Polygonum polystachyum knotweed, Himalayan Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis perennial sowthistle Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil Polygonum sachalinense knotweed, giant Sphaerophysa salsula Swainsonpea Berteroa incana hoary alyssum Polygonum x bohemicum knotweed, Bohemian Taeniatherum caput-medusae medusahead Bryonia alba white bryony Potentilla recta sulfur cinquefoil Tanacetum vulgare common tansy Buddleja davidii butterfly bush Sagittaria graminea grass-leaved arrowhead Typha spp. nonnative cattail species and Cabomba caroliniana fanwort Senecio jacobaea tansy ragwort hybrids Carduus acanthoides thistle, plumeless Tamarix ramosissima saltcedar Ventenata dubia ventenata Carduus nutans thistle, musk Tribulus terrestris puncturevine Xanthium spinosum spiny cocklebur Centaurea diffusa knapweed, diffuse Ulex europaeus gorse Zostera japonica Japanese eelgrass