Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, a Practical Approach 1
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5G Candidate Band Study
5G Candidate Band Study Study on the Suitability of Potential Candidate Frequency Bands above 6GHz for Future 5G Mobile Broadband Systems Final Report to Ofcom, March 2015 Contributors Steve Methley, William Webb, Stuart Walker, John Parker Quotient Associates Limited Compass House, Vision Park, Chivers Way, Histon, Cambridge, CB24 9AD, UK EMAIL [email protected] WEB www.QuotientAssociates.com Ver si on 02 Status Approved History Reviewed by Ofcom Type Public 5G Candidate Band Study | Contributors Final Report : qa1015 © Quotient Associates Ltd. 2015 Commercial in Confidence. No part of the contents of this document may be disclosed, used or reproduced in any form, or by any means, without the prior written consent of Quotient Associates Ltd. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Objective and scope Within industry and academia there is significant activity in research and development towards the next generation of mobile broadband technologies (5G). Coupled with this there is increasing interest in identifying the frequency bands that will be needed to deliver 5G services. At the moment there is no overall consensus on what 5G will actually be. Work in ITU-R (WP5D) is ongoing to develop a vision for 5G (IMT 2020) including identifying the target capabilities. It is, however, widely accepted that at least one element of 5G will require the use of spectrum bands at much higher frequencies than those that current mobile broadband technologies can make use of, e.g. bands above 6 GHz. A first step currently being discussed is a proposal for an agenda item for the World Radio Conference after next (WRC-19) to identify suitable high frequency spectrum for 5G in the ITU Radio Regulations. -
Cinnamoyl Esters of Lesquerella and Castor Oil: Novel Sunscreen Active Ingredients David L
Cinnamoyl Esters of Lesquerella and Castor Oil: Novel Sunscreen Active Ingredients David L. Compton*, Joseph A. Laszlo, and Terry A. Isbell New Crops and Processing Technology Research Unit, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, Illinois 61604 ABSTRACT: Lesquerella and castor oils were esterified with querolin (2). Therefore, LO in essence contains two moles of cinnamic acid (CA) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (MCA). Esteri- hydroxy functionality per mole of triglyceride (TG). fication of the hydroxy oils reached 85% completion with CA The hydroxy functionality of the FA of the TG can be ex- and 50% conversion with MCA. The hydroxy oils were esteri- ploited by esterification to form estolides. The majority of re- fied at 200°C under a nitrogen atmosphere within a sealed sys- search has focused on the estolides of hydroxy FA and TG tem. Unreacted CA and MCA were removed from the reaction formed with oleic acid. The esterification of hydroxy TG and mixtures by sublimation at 100°C under vacuum. The resultant free lesquerolic acid with oleic acid using a cobalt catalyst (4) methoxycinnamic oils possessed a broader, more blue-shifted or a lipase catalyst (5) has been reported. Also, the acid-cat- UV absorbance, 250 to 345 nm with a λmax of 305 nm, com- pared with the cinnamic oils, which absorbed from 260 to 315 alyzed formation of estolides from CO and LO with oleic acid has been patented (6). Recently, a detailed study of the effect nm, λmax of 270 nm. The methoxycinnamic oils provide better UV-B absorption and thus are better candidates to be used as of oleic acid concentration and temperature on catalyst-free sunscreen active ingredients. -
Chapter 9 Titrimetric Methods 413
Chapter 9 Titrimetric Methods Chapter Overview Section 9A Overview of Titrimetry Section 9B Acid–Base Titrations Section 9C Complexation Titrations Section 9D Redox Titrations Section 9E Precipitation Titrations Section 9F Key Terms Section 9G Chapter Summary Section 9H Problems Section 9I Solutions to Practice Exercises Titrimetry, in which volume serves as the analytical signal, made its first appearance as an analytical method in the early eighteenth century. Titrimetric methods were not well received by the analytical chemists of that era because they could not duplicate the accuracy and precision of a gravimetric analysis. Not surprisingly, few standard texts from the 1700s and 1800s include titrimetric methods of analysis. Precipitation gravimetry developed as an analytical method without a general theory of precipitation. An empirical relationship between a precipitate’s mass and the mass of analyte— what analytical chemists call a gravimetric factor—was determined experimentally by taking a known mass of analyte through the procedure. Today, we recognize this as an early example of an external standardization. Gravimetric factors were not calculated using the stoichiometry of a precipitation reaction because chemical formulas and atomic weights were not yet available! Unlike gravimetry, the development and acceptance of titrimetry required a deeper understanding of stoichiometry, of thermodynamics, and of chemical equilibria. By the 1900s, the accuracy and precision of titrimetric methods were comparable to that of gravimetric methods, establishing titrimetry as an accepted analytical technique. 411 412 Analytical Chemistry 2.0 9A Overview of Titrimetry We are deliberately avoiding the term In titrimetry we add a reagent, called the titrant, to a solution contain- analyte at this point in our introduction ing another reagent, called the titrand, and allow them to react. -
1 Reactive Methylene Compounds As Synthons for Various Bio Active
Reactive methylene compounds as synthons for various bio active molecules Mohd. Shahnawaz khan1*, Saba Parveen Siddiqui2, Daya S. Seth3 1Department of Chemistry, JK. Lakshmipat University Jaipur (Raj) -302026, India 2Department of Chemistry Kendriya Vidhayalaya N0-1 Pratap Nagar, Udaipur (Raj) 313001, India 3Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, St. John's College, Agra (UP)-282002, India *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Novel malonamic acid, hydrazide and amide were efficiently synthesized from the condensation of 3-NO2 aniline with diethyl malonate. Also the synthesis of coumarins, azo coumarins. benzocoumarins, cinnamamide, and α:β-unsaturated acid, were achieved by the reaction of above synthesized compounds in a single step reaction in good to excellent yields. And these eight compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities with two bacteria E. coli and S. aureus. Compounds are showing slightly to moderate antibacterial activities against same bacterias. Key words: Reactive methylene compounds, antibacterial activity. Introduction: Organic compounds containing the reactive methylene group provide excellent intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. Such substances have been found to be useful as synthons for various bioactive agents. Using such type of compounds as starting material quiet a large number of heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic compounds can be prepared by condensing them with other substances. Heterocycles form by far the largest of classical divisions of organic chemistry. A broad spectrum of biological activity associated with heterocyclic compounds has attracted interest in drug discovery research. As evident from literature, both synthetic as well as natural oxygen and nitrogen containing heterocyclic molecules possesses significant antimicrobial activities and a large number have been made up to clinics for health care worldwide. -
Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Manual 2
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY MANUAL 2 Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Analytical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Practices Contents INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 2 VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 2 Volumetric Analysis Calculations ................................................................................................... 3 Dilution Factor ................................................................................................................................ 4 Standard Solutions ........................................................................................................................... 5 Primary standard .............................................................................................................................. 5 Characteristics of Quantitative Reaction ......................................................................................... 5 Preparation of 1 L 0.1 M HCl Solution ........................................................................................... 6 Preparation of 1 L 0.1 M NaOH Solution ....................................................................................... 6 NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS ...................................................................................................... 7 STANDARDIZATION OF 0.1 N NaOH SOLUTION ...................................................................... -
Using Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Study Starch, Protein, and Temperature Effects on Bread Staling
Using Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Study Starch, Protein, and Temperature Effects on Bread Staling Feng Xie,1 Floyd E. Dowell,2,3 and Xiuzhi S. Sun1 ABSTRACT Cereal Chem. 81(2):249–254 Starch, protein, and temperature effects on bread staling were inves- retrograded amylose-lipid complex was limited. Two important wave- tigated using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and differ- lengths, 550 nm and 1,465 nm, were key for NIRS to successfully classify ential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bread staling was mainly due to the starch-starch (SS) and starch-protein (SP) bread based on different amylopectin retrogradation. NIRS measured amylopectin retrogradation colors and protein contents in SS and SP. Low temperature dramatically accurately in different batches. Three important wavelengths, 970 nm, accelerated the amylopectin retrogradation process. Protein retarded bread 1,155 nm, and 1,395 nm, were associated with amylopectin retrogra- staling, but not as much as temperature. The starch and protein interaction dation. NIRS followed moisture and starch structure changes when was less important than the starch retrogradation. Protein hindered the amylopectin retrograded. The amylose-lipid complex changed little from bread staling process mainly by diluting starch and retarding starch retro- one day after baking. The capability of NIRS to measure changes in the gradation. Bread staling is a complex process that occurs during bread and starch (Osborne and Douglas 1981; Davies and Miller 1988; storage. It is a progressive deterioration of qualities such as taste, Millar et al 1996). Therefore, NIRS has the potential to provide fun- firmness, etc. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,880,935 Thorpe 45 Date of Patent: Nov
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,880,935 Thorpe 45 Date of Patent: Nov. 14, 1989 (54. HETEROBIFUNCTIONAL LINKING Wang et al., Israel Journal of Chem., vol. 12, 1974, pp. AGENTS DERVED FROM 375-389. N-SUCCNMDO-DTHO-ALPHIA Vallero et al., Science, 222, 1983, pp. 512-515. METHYL-METHYLENE-BENZOATES Camber et al., Method of Enzymol, 112, 1985, pp. 201-225. 75 Inventor: Philip E. Thorpe, London, England Langone et al., Method of Enzymol, 93, 1983, p. 280. Masuho et al., J. Biochem, 91, 1982, pp. 1583-1591. 73 Assignee: ICRF (Patents) Limited, London, Carlsson et al., Biochem. J., 1978, 173, pp. 723-737. England Calombatti et al., J. Immunol, 131, 1983, pp. 3091-3095. Brown et al., Cancer Res., vol. 45, 1985, pp. 1214-1221. 21 Appl. No.: 90,386 Ramakrishnonet al., Cancer Res., 44, 1984, pp. 201-208. 22 Filed: Aug. 27, 1987 Gras et al., J. of Immunol Methods, 81, 1985, pp. 283-297. Related U.S. Application Data Primary Examiner-Alan L. Rotman Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Nixon & Vanderhye 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 884,641, Jul 11, 1986, aban doned. (57 ABSTRACT The efficacy of immunotoxins having an antibody that 51) Int. Cl.".................. C07D 207/46; CO7D 207/48; recognizes a tumour associated antigen linked to a cyto CO7D 401/12 toxin through a heterobifunctional agent of the disul 52 U.S. Cl. ..................................... 546/281; 548/542 phide type is improved by providing in the heterobi 58 Field of Search ......................... 548/542; 546/281 functional agent a molecular grouping creating steric 56 References Cited hindrance in relation to the disulphide link. -
Design of SWB Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics for Multipurpose Wireless Applications
applied sciences Article Design of SWB Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics for Multipurpose Wireless Applications Warsha Balani 1, Mrinal Sarvagya 1, Tanweer Ali 2,* , Ajit Samasgikar 3, Saumya Das 4, Pradeep Kumar 5,* and Jaume Anguera 6,7 1 School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore 560064, India; [email protected] (W.B.); [email protected] (M.S.) 2 Department of Electronics and Communication, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India 3 MMRFIC Technology Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560016, India; [email protected] 4 Department of Information Technology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim 737102, India; [email protected] 5 Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa 6 Fractus Antennas, 08174 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 7 Electronics and Telecommunication Department, Universitat Ramon LLull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.A.); [email protected] (P.K.) Abstract: A compact concentric structured monopole antenna for super wide band (SWB) applica- tions with triple notch band characteristics is designed and experimentally validated. The antenna covers an immense impedance bandwidth (1.6–47.5 GHz) with sharp triple notch bands at 1.8– 2.2 GHz, 4–7.2 GHz, and 9.8–10.4 GHz to eliminate interference from co-existing advanced wireless services (AWS), C bands, and X bands, respectively. By loading an E-shaped stub connected at the top of the patch and by etching a split elliptical slot at the lower end of the radiating patch, the band rejection characteristics from 1.8–2.2 GHz for the AWS and 4–7.2 GHz for the C band are achieved, Citation: Balani, W.; Sarvagya, M.; respectively. -
Unit One Part 2: Naming and Functional Groups
gjr-–- 1 Unit One Part 2: naming and functional groups • To write and interpret IUPAC names for small, simple molecules • Identify some common functional groups found in organic molecules O CH3 H3C N H N O N N O H3C S N O N H3C viagra™ (trade name) sildenafil (trivial name) 5-(2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H- pyrazolo[4,3-d] pyrimidin-7(6H)-one dr gareth rowlands; [email protected]; science tower a4.12 http://www.massey.ac.nz/~gjrowlan gjr-–- 2 Systematic (IUPAC) naming PREFIX PARENT SUFFIX substituents / minor number of C principal functional functional groups AND multiple bond group index • Comprises of three main parts • Note: multiple bond index is always incorporated in parent section No. Carbons Root No. Carbons Root Multiple-bond 1 meth 6 hex Bond index 2 eth 7 hept C–C an(e) 3 prop 8 oct C=C en(e) 4 but 9 non C≡C yn(e) 5 pent 10 dec gjr-–- 3 Systematic (IUPAC) naming: functional groups Functional group Structure Suffix Prefix General form O –oic acid acid –carboxylic acid carboxy R-COOH R OH O O –oic anhydride anhydride –carboxylic anhydride R-C(O)OC(O)-R R O R O –oyl chloride acyl chloride -carbonyl chloride chlorocarbonyl R-COCl R Cl O –oate ester –carboxylate alkoxycarbonyl R-COOR R OR O –amide amide –carboxamide carbamoyl R-CONH2 R NH2 nitrile R N –nitrile cyano R-C≡N O –al aldehyde –carbaldehyde oxo R-CHO R H O ketone –one oxo R-CO-R R R alcohol R OH –ol hydroxy R-OH amine R NH2 –amine amino R-NH2 O ether R R –ether alkoxy R-O-R alkyl bromide bromo R-Br (alkyl halide) R Br (halo) (R-X) gjr-–- 4 Nomenclature rules 1. -
Analytical Chemistry in the 21St Century: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Perspectives of Complex Matrices Quantitative Analyses in Biological/Clinical Field
Review Analytical Chemistry in the 21st Century: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Perspectives of Complex Matrices Quantitative Analyses in Biological/Clinical Field 1, 2, 2, 3 Giuseppe Maria Merone y, Angela Tartaglia y, Marcello Locatelli * , Cristian D’Ovidio , Enrica Rosato 3, Ugo de Grazia 4 , Francesco Santavenere 5, Sandra Rossi 5 and Fabio Savini 5 1 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti–Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy; [email protected] 3 Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti–Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] (C.D.); [email protected] (E.R.) 4 Laboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy; [email protected] 5 Pharmatoxicology Laboratory—Hospital “Santo Spirito”, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65124 Pescara, Italy; [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (F.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0871-3554590; Fax: +39-0871-3554911 These authors contributed equally to the work. y Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 16 October 2020; Published: 30 October 2020 Abstract: Nowadays, the challenges in analytical chemistry, and mostly in quantitative analysis, include the development and validation of new materials, strategies and procedures to meet the growing need for rapid, sensitive, selective and green methods. -
Polymer Exemption Guidance Manual POLYMER EXEMPTION GUIDANCE MANUAL
United States Office of Pollution EPA 744-B-97-001 Environmental Protection Prevention and Toxics June 1997 Agency (7406) Polymer Exemption Guidance Manual POLYMER EXEMPTION GUIDANCE MANUAL 5/22/97 A technical manual to accompany, but not supersede the "Premanufacture Notification Exemptions; Revisions of Exemptions for Polymers; Final Rule" found at 40 CFR Part 723, (60) FR 16316-16336, published Wednesday, March 29, 1995 Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460-0001 Copies of this document are available through the TSCA Assistance Information Service at (202) 554-1404 or by faxing requests to (202) 554-5603. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF EQUATIONS............................ ii LIST OF FIGURES............................. ii LIST OF TABLES ............................. ii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................ 1 2. HISTORY............................... 2 3. DEFINITIONS............................. 3 4. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS ...................... 4 4.1. MEETING THE DEFINITION OF A POLYMER AT 40 CFR §723.250(b)... 5 4.2. SUBSTANCES EXCLUDED FROM THE EXEMPTION AT 40 CFR §723.250(d) . 7 4.2.1. EXCLUSIONS FOR CATIONIC AND POTENTIALLY CATIONIC POLYMERS ....................... 8 4.2.1.1. CATIONIC POLYMERS NOT EXCLUDED FROM EXEMPTION 8 4.2.2. EXCLUSIONS FOR ELEMENTAL CRITERIA........... 9 4.2.3. EXCLUSIONS FOR DEGRADABLE OR UNSTABLE POLYMERS .... 9 4.2.4. EXCLUSIONS BY REACTANTS................ 9 4.2.5. EXCLUSIONS FOR WATER-ABSORBING POLYMERS........ 10 4.3. CATEGORIES WHICH ARE NO LONGER EXCLUDED FROM EXEMPTION .... 10 4.4. MEETING EXEMPTION CRITERIA AT 40 CFR §723.250(e) ....... 10 4.4.1. THE (e)(1) EXEMPTION CRITERIA............. 10 4.4.1.1. LOW-CONCERN FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND THE (e)(1) EXEMPTION................. -
Second Tranche HTS Subheading Product Description 2710.19.30
Second Tranche HTS Subheading Product Description 2710.19.30 Lubricating oils, w/or w/o additives, fr. petro oils and bitumin minerals (o/than crude) or preps. 70%+ by wt. fr. petro oils 2710.19.35 Lubricating greases from petro oil/bitum min/70%+ by wt. fr. petro. oils but n/o 10% by wt. of fatty acid salts animal/vegetable origin 2710.19.40 Lubricating greases from petro oil/bitum min/70%+ by wt. fr. petro. oils > 10% by wt. of fatty acid salts animal/vegetable origin 3403.19.10 Lubricating preparations containing 50% but less than 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals 3403.19.50 Lubricating preparations containing less than 50% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils from bituminous minerals 3403.99.00 Lubricating preparations (incl. lubricant-based preparations), nesoi 3811.21.00 Additives for lubricating oils containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals 3811.29.00 Additives for lubricating oils, nesoi 3901.10.10 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94 and having a relative viscosity of 1.44 or more, in primary forms 3901.10.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms, nesoi 3901.20.10 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more and having a relative viscosity of 1.44 or more, in primary forms 3901.20.50 Polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more, in primary forms, nesoi 3901.30.20 Ethylene copolymer: Vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride-ethylene terpoly w/ < 50% deriv of vinyl acetate, exc polymer aromatic/mod