September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27051 By Mr. PATMAN: By Mr. BYRNE of : By Mr. PODELL: H. Res. 1304. Resolution for the investiga­ H.R. 19801. A bill for the relief of Fakhred­ H.R. 19813. A b111 for the relief of Hersh tion and study of housing, and new town and din Entezary, M.D.; to the Committee on the Michael Glazer; to the Committee on the community development, and government Judiciary. Judiciary. financial institutions and central banks; to By Mr. CLEVELAND: H.R. 19814. A b111 for the relief of Gabriel the Committee on Rules. H.R. 19802. A bill for the relief of Teodosio Stech; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Monetta; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr.REES: By Mr. CONYERS: H.R. 19815. A blll for the relief of Mr. Ar­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 19803. A b111 for the relief of Tom mand Ezerer; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Ohionas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. CONTE: H.R. 19816. A b111 for the relief of Soa Sean bills and resolutions were introduced and H.R. 19804. A bill for the relief of Jose de King; to the Committee on the Judiciary. severally referred as follows: Almeida Sousa, Maria Alsuina Sousa, Dina H.R. 19817. A b111 for the relief of Mr. and By Mr. ADAMS: Maria Sousa, and Jose Manuel da Costa e Mrs. Melania P. Villero; to the Committee on H.R. 19792. A bill for the relief of Carlina Sousa; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. F. Santillan; to the Committee on the By Mr. CORMAN (by request): By Mr. ROYBAL: Judiciary. H.R. 19805. A bill for the relief of Jacques H.R. 19818. A bill for the relief of Sang By Mr. ADDABBO: Urbach; to the Committee on the Judioiary. Yun Kim and husband, Wan Young Kim; to H.R. 19793. A bill for the relief of Myrtle By Mr. FINO: the Committee on the Judiciary. P. Williams; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 19806. A b111 for the relief of Paolo By Mr. SCHEUER: ciary. Reparto; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 19819. A b111 for the relief of Margit By Mr. BARRETT: H.R. 19807. A bill for the relief of Calogera Erdos; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 19794. A bill for the relief of Mr. and La Rocca, Antonio La Rocca, and Vincenza By Mr. TEAGUE of California: Mrs. Giovanni Buonincontro and family; to La Rocca; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R.19820. A b111 for the relief of Klaudiuz the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 19808. A b111 for the relief of Michele Blaszak; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 19795. A bill for the relief of Antonino Selvaggio and Matilde Selvaggio; to the Com­ By Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON: Mattaliano; to the Committee on the Judi­ mittee on the Judiciary. H.R. 19821. A b111 for the relief of Mr. ciary. By Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN: TakeJi Akamatsu; to the Committee on the H.R. 19796. A bill for the relief of Concetta Judiciary. Mattaliano; to the Committee on the Ju­ H.R. 19809. A b111 for the relief of Vass111os Seretis; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WYMAN: diciary. H.R. 19822. A b111 for the relief of RaJ­ By Mr. BELL: By Mr. JONES of Missouri: H.R. 19810. A b111 for the relief of Mrs. Miao kumar Jain; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 19797. A bill for the relief of Jeanine ciary. Bigazzi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Ying Floyd; to the Committee on the Ju­ By Mr. BRASCO: diciary. H.R. 19798. A bill for the relief of Paolo By Mr. KLUCZYNSKI: PETITIONS, ETC. Bellanca; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 19811. A bill for the relief of Miss H.R. 19799. A b111 for the relief of Vincenzo Halina Stanislawa Szczesna; to the Commit­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, Pento; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tee on the Judiciary. 398. The SPEAKER presented a petition of By Mr. BURTON of California: By Mr. MACHEN: Henry Stoner, of Portland, Oreg., relative to H.R. 19800. A bill for the relief of Karen H.R. 19812. A b111 for the relief of Dr. Lauo creation of the Department of Peace, which Woo Ping Kan (also known as Woo Ping Geronimo; to the Committee on the Ju­ was referred to the Committee on Govern­ Kan); to the Committee on the Judic:iary. diciary. ment Operations.

EXTE.N.SIONS OF REMARKS ROBERT D. ENOCH REMINDS AMER­ ica--in the broad sense of this great land. tutions of ours that make America what it ICANS TO REMEMBER THEIR We must see--not the dark fringes of petti­ is-these 200 m1llion, regardless of race, creed GREATNESS ness-not the sordid lines of problem areas­ or color, who are our friends and neighbors, but see the bountifulness of America and have a million 1·easons to be grateful. Sure, its two hundred m1llions of every race and there are reasons to be dissatisfied, but dis­ HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY color and creed that have made this land the satisfaction has always urged this nation into second to no other nation in the world. progress. OF INDIANA Look at the United States of America and The citizen of America whose station may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES picture it in your mind's eye against the be low on our economic ladder would rank Monday, September 16, 1968 back-drop of the nations of the world today. among the elite and affluent in all but a very And see this nation as the old desk-thump­ few other nations of the world. Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, at a time in ing orator described it-see it "from the What changes would you make in the the history of our Republic when noisy rock-bound coast of Maine to the sunny world-in this nation? Then start with your­ voices cry out against the very existence shores of California." self-let the changes start within each of of the United States, our citizens should Do you know that the U.S.A. covers only us-and we will change the world-to the one-sixteenth of the land surface of the more like America the Beautiful. always remember the inherent greatness world? of our Nation. Do you know that the U.S.A. has only one­ Mr. Robert D. Enoch, of station fifteenth of the world's population? WXLW, in Indianapolis, recently wrote Do you know that own three­ COURAGEOUS STAND BY SENATOR and delivered an excellent editorial on fourths of the world's automobiles? BYRD OF VIRGINIA this subject, which I am happy to com­ Do you know that Americans have one­ half of the world's telephones? mend to my colleagues: Do you know that Americans own one­ We are all inclined from time to time to half of the world's radio sets and three­ HON. PAUL J. FANNIN undersell our lot in this world-to look at fourths of the world's television sets? OF ARIZONA the dark side of the clouds that hover over Do you know that Americans use two­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES this land of ours-this magnificent America thirds of the world's petroleum products, the Beautiful. consume one-half of the world's coffee and Monday, September 16, 1968 Sure, we are living in trying times. All two-thirds of the world's silk? around us there are signs of turmoil and Every one of these are facts. \Vant some Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, my friend strife-all around us we are caught in tides more? An American factory worker could, the distinguished Senator from Virginia and undertows that seem to drain us of the if he wanted to, buy four suits of clothes with [Mr. BYRD] has made a considerable con­ energy and, many times, the desire to rise one month's pay. His counterpart living un­ tribution to the issue that may shortly above our stations in life. Frustrations are der the best of the totalitarian countries, no confront the Senate, the question of con­ often so great in their impacts that we can't matter what his need, could only buy one­ firming the President's Supreme Court see the forest for the trees. half a suit with a month's wages. nominations. We are engulfed in our own little spheres An American could buy six pairs of of living so that the greatness of Americals with his wages for one week. His totalitarian It was my privilege to hear Senator pushed back in the shadows of our minds counterpart, behind the Iron Curtain could BYRD address this body, and I have al­ into forgetfulness. buy one with one week's wages. ready expressed my gratification in that At times like these, we must remember. Against the world's back-drop-this land he shed much light on the reasons why We must remember the greatness of Amer- of ours, this government of ours, these insti- he cannot support the nomination and 27052 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 did so in a most gentlemanly and schol­ that the law is whatever five present life­ the following article, from the Septem­ time appointees say that it should be. ber 13 edition of the Christian Science arly way. In these times when charges During the time Mr. Fortas has been a of politics fly quickly and often un­ member of this Court, he has established Monitor, which tells the story of Doyles­ justly, it is refreshing to find the Sen­ himself as a disciple of Chief Justice War­ town's award-winning self-renewal pro­ ator from Virginia considering his de­ ren and has embraced wholeheartedly the gram: cision deliberately and stating his con­ Warren philosophy. COUNTY SEAT SHABBY No LONGER clusions cogently. If I were to vote to elevate him to the (By Alice Harvey Hubbard) Evidently this view is shared by a great position of Chief Justice, I would be voting DOYLESTOWN, PA.-Doylestown, seat of pic­ number of Virginians, and I know they to give him the authority to influence a de­ cision by assigning cases to other justices to turesque Bucks County, has completely re­ are proud of the courage and decorum write opinions; and the authority to assign vitalized the downtown business section, won displayed by their senior Senator. Mr. judges and retired judges to circuit and dis­ two $1 ,000 first prizes in statewide community President, I ask unanimous consent to beautification contests, brought an increase trict courts throughout the nation. in business ranging from 9 percent to 47 have printed in the RECORD an editorial If I were to support the confirmation of Mr. Justice Fortas to the position of Chief percent to every participating merchant, and published in the Danville, Va., Register has served as a model for similar programs of Tuesday, September 10, 1968, giving Justice, I would be voting to promote a in all 50 States. example of the high esteem in which member of the Court who has embraced, and become a part of, the Warren philosophy-a But in 1964, Doylestown had a problem Senator BYRD is held in Virginia. philosophy that decrees that the Court may common to many small U.S. towns. There being no objection, the edito­ cast legal precedent aside when it does not Although hundreds of new families had rial was ordered to be printed in the square with personal desires of the judges. moved into the area, and business in gen­ eral over the country had been on the up­ RECORD, as follows: If I were to cast my vote for Mr. Justice Fortas, I would be placing my stamp of ap­ swing for several years, trade in old, estab­ BYRD TAKES HIS STAND lished stores in the downtown area had not With the Senate back at work for a month proval on the extreme leftist trend of the Warren Court, a trend to which Mr. Justice increased proportionately. following the conventions, one of the big­ Many were doing less business than for­ gest issues is whether the nomination of Fortas apparently has dedicated himself. If I were to consent to promoting Associate merly, and seven once successful establish­ Justice Abe Fortas to become Chief Justice of ments had been forced to close their doors. the United States will be confirmed. Justice Fortas to Chief Justice, I would be rewarding one who voted to allow admitted The downtown business section was, as one Indications are that the Senate will not merchant put it, "tired, shabby, down at reach a roll call vote on confirmation before Communists to work in defense plants; who the heel!" it recesses for the national elections and voted to strike down a loyalty oath which would have kept Communists from teaching Not only were the young marrieds doing leaves pending matters for the new 91st Con­ in public schools; who cast the all impor­ most of their buying in the smart new sub­ gress that will convene in January with sur­ tant fifth vote in the 5-4 Miranda decision, urban shopping centers; more and more vivors and newcomers determining what shall which virtually barred the use of confes­ of the patrons on which the downtown mer­ become law. chants had always depended were going there, sions in criminal cases and greatly compli­ too. The lines are being drawn on Fortas and cated the prosecution of criminals through­ the opposition to his elevation is neither out the United States. Urban renewal had been considered and partisan nor regional. Were I to vote to ratify the nomination of turned down the year before, both by the It is based on sounder grounds than prej­ Mr. Justice Fortas to be Chief Justice, I would merchants and the townspeople. udice or preferment. This was stressed yes­ be voting to perpetuate, in the key judicial PROBLEM CALLED LOCAL terday in a lengthy address to the Senate by position in our nation, the Warren philoso­ "We weren't opposed to urban renewal Senator Harry F. Byrd, Jr., senior Senator phy. from Virginia. financed by the federal government," re­ As one who feels the Warren Court has calls Frank Shelley, a local insurance broker, Byrd told his colleagues that he has been done great damage to our nation-to the fu­ pondering the Fortas nomination for nearly who, with Joseph Kenny, a newsdealer and ture welfare and freedom of our people­ long-time friend, spearheaded "Operation three months, since it was made by President how can I vote to confirm as Chief Justice 64." Johnson. After serious consideration, he has one who proclaims the Warren era the great­ "But we felt we had no right to accept reached a conclusion. He cannot vote to con­ est in Court history; not only proclaims it firm Mr. Fortas to become Chief Justice. tax money from other areas to do a job we in words, but by deeds, namely, by his de­ could do ourselves. We thought a healthy In his speech to the Sentate, Byrd set forth cisions as Associate Justice? community such as ours should use its own the circumstances and the background forc­ As a Senator from the State of Virginia, resources, solve its own problems." ing upon him a determination to oppose the as one who believes deeply in the funda­ As a start, Mr. Shelley and Mr. Kenny promotion of Fortas. mental constitutional principles upon which visited the officials of neighboring towns It was a forceful statement and it should our nation was founded and developed-and with a similar problem to learn what they have weight with Senators as it surely will on which our liberties are based-how can I had done. They found that by simply re­ have weight with people who read its text. vote to give the chief judgeship to one who doing the store fronts, an amazing improve­ Because its length prohibits using the full follows a policy of judicial oligarchy; to one ment could be made in the appearance of text, some excerpts which reflect the tone who espouses a philosophy of concentrating the business section at surprisingly low cost and character of the Senator's remarks are more and more power in Washington, when to the merchants. printed: I feel that the great future danger to the And there would be no drastic changes in I ask this: If the Court usurps power and liberties of our people is Big Government? its character. seeks to become a super-legislature, should They had photographs taken of every the Congress stand by and say nothing? store in the downtown area, showing the So far as the senior Senator from Virginia stores as they appeared to the customers. is concerned, I intend to speak out against COUNTY SEAT SHABBY NO LONGER These they took to William Erwin, a com­ the extremism of the Warren Court. It is time, mercial artist, asking his suggestions as t<., high time, that the Congress-whose mem­ how the storefronts could be improved at a. bers, unlike the members of the Court, are nominal cost. subject to the will of the people-reasserts HON. EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR. Mr. Erwin suggested that instead of treat­ its authority. OF PENNSYLVANIA ing each store as a separate unit, they con­ To dramatize the extremes to which the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sider an entire block as a unit. Each store­ Warren Court has gone and how brazenly it front, many of which were badly deteri­ is flouting the will of the elected representa­ Monday, September 16, 1968 orated, would be restored to its original tives of the people, the Court th.is year took Mr. BIESTER. Mr. Speaker, when we attractiveness. a statute passed 102 years ago and used it But a basic design which would coordi­ to supersede an act passed by the Congress think of renewal, we usually think of our n ate all the stores would be worked out for last March. big cities. However, renewal and revital­ the block. Features that helped carry out At a time when government should be ization are important to our smaller the basic design would be added to indi­ brought closer to the people, the Warren towns. I would commend to my colleagues vidual stores. Court is determined to centralize more and the example of Doylestown, Pa. Down­ FEATURES RESTORED more power in Washington. town Doylestown was faced with com­ All outdoor signs, lighting, and displays To me, the record is clear. petition from new shopping centers and would be in keeping, and a harmonious color The Warren Court has usurped power to it was faced with the beginning of deteri­ scheme worked out for each block. Then the which it is not entitled. oration in the downtown area. Doyles­ whole downtown area could be tied together The Warren Court h as established itself as with landscaping. a super-legislature. town responded to the challenge of mod­ ern shopping trends and, on its own ini­ In his sketches, Mr. Erwin restored au­ The Warren Court h as shackled the peo­ thentic features to some of the pre-Revolu­ ple's elected represen ta ti ves as well as the tiative after turning down Federal ur­ tionary and Victorian storefronts that had law enforcement officials of our nation. ban renewal, began a planned revital­ been destroyed or removed through the The Warren Court has thrown precedents ization program. I would like to take thi8 years and added others that contributed out of the window and h as said, in effect, opportunity to commend to my colleagues immeasurably to their charm. September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27053 In all cases, the character of the store was A sound case for immediate reform of our lations Act as it now stands, and its conse­ carefully preserved, and a minium of changes labor laws has been made. quent distortion of what the Act really says made. But most important, the improve­ and does in this area of relative right and ments could be made for $500 or less for SUMMARY OF STATEMENT TO UNITED STATES OF statutory objective. The Act nowhere creates each store. AMERICA, SENATE Jum;cIARY COMMITTEE, or confirms any union right as such; it cre­ At a meeting, attended by the downtown SEPARATION OF POWERS SUBCOMMITTEE, BY ates or confirms only employee and employer merchants, town officials, and others inter­ ROBERT H. JONES III, .ALBANY, N.Y., FOR rights, and any erstwhile "union" rights are ested in a more attractive Doylestown, Mr. NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSOCIATION those alone which may derive from appropri­ ate exercise of employee rights. Section 7, Shelley and Mr. Kenny presented their The National Labor Relations Board's proposal. the Act's critical substantive provision, says greatest power abuse, from the standpoint employees have two equal rights: (1) to Thirty-six merchants signed up for a re­ of its impact on small business, lies not so furbishing job on their places of business bargain collectively through representatives; much in its erroneous substantive interpreta­ (2) to not do this-i.e., to remain "unor­ that night, and Operation 64 was on its way. tions and applications of the law-although, Eventually all became a part of it. ganized" and, in effect, to represent them­ as earlier witnesses have abundantly demon­ selves-all as they may freely choose. Yet Today Doylestown is once again the bus­ strated, these are sufficiently serious to com­ tling, thriving hub of Bucks County. the Board, by both its substantive and its mand this Subcommittee's deepest concern­ procedural approaches, consistently accords as in the procedures it employs, in violation supremacy to erstwhile "union" rights which of National Labor Relations Act's clear man­ it deduces from section l's policy to en­ dates, in violations of its own rules and regu­ courage collective bargaining, in the process NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSO­ lations, in violation of other federal statutes, effectively destroying the second employee CIATION ON THE NEED FOR and in violation of both Constitutional pre­ right under section 7, to be unrepresented LABOR LAW REFORM cept and simple Justice, to impose, on small by any union, and simultaneously ignoring business particularly, enormous, unwarranted Labor Management Relations Act, 1947's ex­ and unconscionable expense in exercising or plicit declaration that "It is the purpose and defending legitimate employer rights under policy of this Act ... to prescribe the legiti­ HON. ROBERT P. GRIFFIN the Act. OF MICHIGAN mate rights of both employees and employers But for the Board's different remedial con­ in their relations affecting commerce, to pro­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES cepts and approaches-its vastly disparate vide orderly and peaceful procedures for pre­ Monday, September 16, 1968 views of what is required to remedy employer venting the interference by either with the violation of the Act and what is required to legitimate rights of the others, (and) to pro­ Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I ask remedy union violation, organized labor tect the rights of individual employees in unanimous consent that an editorial en­ would, in my judgment, have every bit as their relations with labor organizations whose titled ''An Investigation Long Overdue," much reason as business has to protest these activities affect commerce ..." (Id. § l(b) ]. published in the May issue of the Small abuses. And if the Board were to develop to By your leave, I will now example each of Business Bulletin, and a summary of a the point I think it should its conscience on these propositions from cases in my personal the subject of what constitutes appropriate experience. statement delivered by Mr. Robert H. remedy for union unfair labor practice, I be­ Jones III, in behalf of the National lieve your Subcommittee would find union Small Business Association, before the witnesses endorsing much of what I have said Subcommittee on Separation of Powers, and concurring in the supporting examples I SOUND TIDNKING ON FEDERAL AID of the Committee on the Judiciary, be am about to present. TO EDUCATION printed in the Extensions of Remarks. The abuses to which I refer-and your time permits me to cite an example only a few There being no objection, the editorial among many-involve both clear arrogation and summary were ordered to be printed of undelegated power and equally clear HON. JOHN M. ZWACH in the RECORD, as follows: - abuse of delegated power, and run the gamut OF MINNESOTA AN INVESTIGATION LoNG OVERDUE from inception to conclusion of both repre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sentation and unfair labor-practice proceed­ There is an urgent need for labor law re­ Monday, September 16, 1968 form because of an imbalance in labor-man­ ings. They adversely affect the employer's op­ agement relations. This imbalance has de­ portunity to prepare and present his case; in Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, one of my veloped, in large measure, because of in­ direct contrast, they discriminatorily indulge constituents, Dr. Clifford Stiles, a mem­ equities and abuses perpetrated by the Na­ unions in extensions of preparatory and ber of the Foley Board of Education, tional Labor Relations Board in its inter­ presentation time or excuse their violation of asked their superintendent of schools for pretation and administration of the labor filing-time limits on the ground the em­ statutes, supported in some instances by the ployer "has not shown any prejudice"; they his thoughts regarding Federal aid and Judiciary, and tolerated by Congress. deny the employer effective protection assistance to education. The following Numerous NLRB decisions have been cited against unfair labor practice which, particu­ letter containing Mr. Weisser's reply, was to the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on larly in the secondary-boycott area, has be­ forwarded to me by Dr. Stiles. As a for­ Separation of Powers-chaired by Senator come standard opera.ting procedure for many mer educator myself, I am in strong Sam J. Ervin (D-N.C.)that show the Board unions; they ignore and even defy the Act's agreement with the superintendent's leaning over backwards to favor unions and clear evaluation that certain conduct re­ view. I believe these ideas have merit and to punish employers. Equally damaged by quires speedier remedy than other; they re­ this philosophy are the public and the em­ peatedly offend the Act's and the Constitu­ represent sound thinking. Therefore, I ployee. tion's guarantees of employer free speech; by would like to share them with my col­ To unionize America would seem to be violating settlement agreements for disposi­ leagues. the mission of the NLRB, whether everybody tion of alleged unfair labor practice, they in­ SEPTEMBER 4, 1968. in America wants to be unionized or not. It creasingly force the small businessman to liti­ Dr. CLIFFORD STILES, is not unusual for an NLRB attorney to gation he cannot realistically afford; by per­ Foley, Minn. contact an employer encouraging him to sistently avoiding employer counsel in case DR. STILES: This is a somewhat-belated "make arrangements" with a union although processing, they violate fundamental rights reply to your request for my views concern­ only a few employees may have signed cards to effective representation purportedly as­ ing an area which I feel the Federal Govern­ for the union. Thus the small employer is sured by both Constitution and statute law; ment could be of service to schools, especially being attacked by both the Board and the and, by asserting actually non-existent those schools with a low tax base. union at the same time. Lacking experience "union" rights, they frequently nullify the As you well know, the Federal Government in a most technical field and overwhelmed by statutorily-declared employee rights which has been active in aid to public school legal jargon, the small employer is frequently are the very heart of the Act. districts for many years. Lately this has be­ trapped by doing something that is ruled by In all of this, the Board's evident and re­ come much more evident with many more NLRB to be an unfair labor practice which, peatedly emphasized rationale is twofold: programs, the most extensive of which is in turn, is promptly seized upon by the union (1) that Act section l's policy to encourage P.L. 89-10, with all of it's various areas. At to organize the company. collective bargaining as a means for avoid­ no time have school districts received such In its statement to the Senate Judiciary ance of industrial controversy and commerce aid without a considerable cost to the tax­ Subcommittee, National Small Business As­ interruption justifies overriding employee payer, far in excess of what it should be. sociation charged the NLRB with bias and right under Act section 7 to freely choose P.L. 89-10, while of great value to our school exceeding its authority. The NSBA position whether they want to be represented by any district is beset with regulations, red tape, was presented by Robert H. Jones, III, of Al­ union; and (2) that the Act has created or excessive numbers of administrators, etc. I bany, N.Y., a specialist for 30 years in labor confirmed "union" rights, distinct from em- simply cannot understand why so much law. His 154-page statement shockingly docu­ ployee rights, which, in truth, the Act simply money must be spent to administer every ments a deliberate course of action by the has not created or confirmed. Federal program. National Labor Relations Board in obvious This, I think, ls the nub of the problem: A major problem facing practically every disregard of the policy established by Con­ the Board's refusal to respect the Congress' school district is that of providing enough gress. full purpose in enacting National Labor Re- classroom space for the ever-increasing num- 27054 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 ber of students. What aid do we receive to HEW has been stepping up their attack preme Court, where, predictably, freedom of solve this pressing problem? A very simple on schoolchildren with the result that choice took a shellacking. Paradoxically, the answer: none! Federal aid is presently allow­ our schools in South Carolina are on the same court which had told schools to admit ing us to hire specially trained personnel and verge of crisis. students on a non-racial basis, now insisted to start new programs but we must scrounge on a racial head-count to judge the non­ to construct rooms and areas in which to The Chesterfield schools have been discriminatory nature, and thus the legality. house these specialists and new programs. shut down temporarily. In Cameron, the of admission policies. Districts of considerable wealth have the school has closed completely. In Colum­ The Supreme Court did not rule freedom financial capabilities to bond almost without bia and many other areas there have of choice unconstitutional per se. But it said limitation to build beautiful school struc­ been many stormy parents' meetings, de­ such plans were unacceptable if other meth­ tures. But what of the rural school with com­ manding an end to Washington inter­ ods, such as zoning, were "reasonably avail­ paratively large enrollments but no ference with their children. able" and promised a speedier and more to boost district valuations. State law limits effective conversion to nonracial school sys­ the per cent of indebtedness for a district This situation has been summed up ad­ tems. based on assessed valuation. mirably in the State, of Columbia, S.C. With such encouragement from on high, Using our district as an example, I would The State says: Washington's bully-boys jumped with both like to explain our dilemma. We are presently Let's face it. The public schools are in a feet on districts whether or not they had been burdened with a debt of $835,000. Last year first-class mess. Education in many areas acting in good faith. we spent $60,500.00 on debt service. Of this has been given a wobbly seat far in the back And so we have th e present mess. Chester­ amount $30,000.00 was to pay on the capital of the classroom. field Schools are shut down temporarily. A while $30,500.00 was spent on interest pay­ Cameron school is closed altogether. Parents ments. Now we are faced with another school Mr. President, this editorial expresses are up in arms in Columbia, Denmark and bond issue which will be in excess of two clearly the problems and frustrations of elsewhere. Other districts are being harassed million dollars. With school bonds now sell­ our citizens. I ask unanimous consent by HEW and the courts to implement new ing at between four and five percent it seems that it be printed in the Extensions of zoning plans. inevitable that our district, with an assessed Essentially, these protests are delaying ac­ valuation of only $1,700,000.00 and a school Remarks in the RECORD. tions. Some will ask: why try to put off the population of 1750 students, will be weighted There being no objection, the editorial inevitable? There is a very good reason. The with debt service payments which are created was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, present batch of bureaucrats may well be by excessively high rates of interest. as follows: out of office by January. If the Democratic Now if government officials are really in­ PRESSURIZED SCHOOLS administration falls, so will they-and their terested in aiding school districts with low harsh and unrealistic guidelines may come income families why not make funds avatl­ Let's face it. The public schools are in a tumbling after. That would explain their able for school construction; not a giveaway, first-class mess. Education in many areas current haste, their excessive pushiness. but simply loans at low rates of interest. The has been given a wobbly seat far in the back Will the next HEW staff be any better? money saved through such a process would of the classroom and Integration is a noisy, Well, it couldn't be any worse. And there are free local money for programs planned boisterous kid in the front row. There seems some tiny loopholes in that Supreme Court gradually and sensibly and not crash pro­ to be almost as many lawyers as teachers in decision that possibly could be expanded in grams designed mostly to spend money sim­ the act. a more reasonable atmosphere. ply because it is available. Administrative South Carolina managed to cope with the costs would be nil, compared to the present first wave of specific desegregation edicts in 1963, 1964, 1965 89-10 situation, decent school buildings and and emerge with its public school education program intact. Most could be constructed with programs designed A VISA FOR "RED" RUDI? to match available space, a revolving fund South Carolinians accepted the demise of could be established which would keep legal segregation and accommodated them­ money constantly available, an interest selves to it. Education kept moving along, HON. DONALD E. LUKENS charge of, say, one per cent or less would and with it integration was gaining ground­ result in an annual saving of thousands of too slowly for some, perhaps, but neverthe­ OF OHIO dollars to local districts a.nd would st111 be less, gaining. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The were greased by something substantial enough to pay administrative Monday, September 16, 1968 costs, thus saving the Federal government called freedom of choice-a desegregation billions. plan which gave each child, whatever his Mr. LUKENS. Mr. Speaker, we have I know that "innovation" is the magic race, the right to select the school he wanted long heard of the radical liberals, and we word today. You cannot have federal money to attend. In theory, if the school wasn't have seen evidence of this element in Eu­ unless it is spent on innovative programs. over-crowded, he would be given his choice. It was a reasoned approach to a difficult , at the recent Democratic National Yet I have yet to hear of a truly innovative Convention in Chicago and on the cam­ programs in the State of Minnesota. Millions problem. And where it was applied in good have been spent and will continue to be faith by school boards and Negroes weren't puses of our universities. These radical spent, but what measurable good will result cowed or coerced by die-hard whites, it liberals espouse freedom of speech, but from all the specialists hired and all the worked to the satisfaction of most whites and only as long as the speech is theirs. One equipment purchased? If we could afford to Negroes. prime example is Rudi Dutschke, the sub­ put up the needed classrooms we could lower But this was not what the pushy, auto­ ject of the attached article. our teacher-pupil ratios thus creating an cratic bureaucrats of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare had in mind. I am earnestly, intently, and vigorously educational atmosphere which would tend to protesting the admission of Mr. Dutschke curb most individual problems. They wanted total integration, the total ab­ I could carry on for hours on this subject olition of biracial schools systems regardless to the United States. It is of deep concern but this letter is already reaching these pro­ of the effect on quality education, regardless to me that the Department of State portions. There are tho.se who will dispute of the desires of parents who support the would even consider admitting this indi­ my thinking but I firmly believe that most schools, regardless of local differences and vidual at this time. It is known that Mr. down-to-earth educators will agree with the difficulties. Dutschke is dedicated to the violent over­ views I have expressed. And yet these characters from HEW, and throw of all types of government except Very sincerely, their allies in the Departments of Justice, were hemmed in by a generally favorable ju­ those espousing his own chosen Commu­ R. F. WEISSER. dicial opinion of the freedom-of-choice con­ rust doctrine. It is also extremely dis­ cept. Unfortunately, they had other allies­ tressing that we are considering the ad­ the die-hard segregationists on school boards mission of Mr. Dutschke, an admitted who refused to implement the choice plans in "professional revolutionary," in times of PRESSURIZED SCHOOLS good faith. These provided the Washington social upheaval in our country. integrators with fresh legal targets. At this point in the proceedings I in­ Out of Alabama arose a case which re­ HON. STROM THURMOND sulted in a 1967 decision containing these clude the attached article, "A Visa for OF SOUTH CAROLINA words: "The only school desegregation plan 'Red' Rudi?", from Events, Au­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES that meets constitutional standards is the gust 3, 1968, in the CONGRESSIONAL REC- one that works." And this line: "A school ORD: Monday, September 16, 1968 child has no inalienable right to choose his A VISA FOR RED RUDI? Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, for school." Red Rudi Dutschke, an admltted "pro­ a long time now, the bureaucrats in At that moment the fabric of the freedom­ fessional revolutionary who named his only HEW have been illegally pushing their of-choice concept began unraveling. All over son after "Che" Guevera, may soon be ad­ the South cases were brought in districts mitted into the United states, courtesy of own school guidelines without reference where the choice plans had resulted to mini­ the U.S. state Department. One highly re­ to the law or the educational needs of mal desegregation. liable report says that a tentative decision the children affected. In recent months, Inevitably, the attack reached the U.S. Su- to grant him a visa has already been made. September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 270:55 Born Marcll 7, 1940, in East Germany, Thus, Red Rudi, revolutionary extraordi­ He has high praise for the SBA. He Dutschke has become Europe's leading stu­ naire, could easily be stopped from coming said: dent revolutionary, calling for violence to the United States. But he won't be if the against established order in suoh countries liberals in the State Department have their SBA is an organization that I would recom­ as Holland, England and West Germany. His way. mend very highly, it is a nice branch of the cause is the overthrow of the "corrupt estab­ government to do business with. lishment" in the West. John E. Young is a hair stylist, owner By his own aC

)In parcel)~)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,--~~~~~~~~~ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~es No Undecided ! Yes No Undecided

1. What are your opinions on the war in Vietnam? -6. What has.contributed.to riots and civil disobedience? a. The Paris peace talks will fail.______57. 07 14. 52 28.4i a. Unemp_loym~nt ~nd hun~er ______31. 85 41. 69 26.46 b. Sensational news reporting ______72. 62 12.15 15. 2~ b. w~~:irt~!pTt~1~{ J:~~~~~ _s_a!!~~ -~-e- ~~~-u!~ _~~~~ _ 60. 53 18. 54 20.93 c. Lack of Government money spent for housing and c. We should brin~ our troops home at all costs ______29.17 48. 61 22. 22 education ______. ______. ____ ._. ______13. 54 56, 94 29. $1 2. How can we stop inflation and the rising cost of living? d. Lack of communications between the m11n on the street and public officials ______a. Set priorities and eliminate unnecessary foreign 53. 82 28. P,~9 and domestic spending ______90. 28 2.90 6. 82 7. What has caused the assassination of p1Jblic officials? l' b. Increase taxes ______10.42 57. 55 32. 03 a. A conspiracy ______------.------28. 57 32. 74 38.64 3. Do you think the President has handled the Pueblo incident b. Individual madness_·--·--·-···-··-----·------43. 81 20. 38 35. 3j properly? ____ . ______._··------·------__ _ 14. 77 69. 32 15. 91 c. Disrespect for law, order, and authority ______79. 50 8. 43 12. 0 4. Do you favor a Federal guaranteed annual income? ______9.19 70. 43 20.38 8. How dan we reduce crime in America? a. We should guarantee a $5,000 annual income for the a. Tough action by the courts ______90. 63 3. 04 6. 33 head of every household ______5. 99 67. 95 26. 06 b. More law enforcement officers ______60. 74 16.13 23.13 b. A guaranteed annual income should apply only to c. More Federal spending on poverty programs ______13. 26 58. 58 28.16 the physically disabled ______61.64 29.45 8. 91 9. In your opinion what is the most important issue facing our c. The Government should not subsidize personal country today? 1 income ______------33. 33 42.17 24. 50 a. Poverty ______------11.11 5. What are your opinions concerning poverty in America? b. War in Vietnam ______: ______55. 55 c. Crime and riots ______72. 22 a. Th.!eft~~!e~!s '~he!~d si~J~~sf~i~~s_o!_h!__ o!_~~~~~-~~~ 4.13 84.67 11. 20 d Urban growth ______12.18 b. Job training through private enterprise can ma- 10. What is your opinion on gun legislation? terially reduce hard core unemployment______82. 48 10. 49 7. 03 a. Put restrictions on handguns only ______12. 61 49. 81 37. 58 b. Restrict the sale of rifles and shotguns as well as revolvers ______. ______-· ___ ._. __ .. __ --- 29. 53 42. 33 28. 14 c. Impose Federal registration of all firearms ______42. 25 40.63 17.12

l This important issue adds up to well over 100 percent because many people checked more than 1 item. 27064 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 Mr. Speaker, I bring particular atten­ And it happened! The naitional title went themselves in absolute opposition to tion to question 9C, the question being to the Racine Kilties! Hard won, a.nd even other groups are coming to realize they tougher to defend. may have more common concern in the "In your opinion, what is the most im­ Every corps has its ups and downs, re­ portant issue facing our country today?" gardless of how great is has been. Personnel future of public lands than they ever and 72.22 percent of my constituents an­ changes, as it must, but once a Kilt is forced realized. swered that crime and riots were the to leave his corps because of age or to serve This interesting development is pointed most important in their minds. Uncle Sam, you don't often find him march­ out in the August 26, 1968, issue of Pay ing with another unit, or even working Dirt, for more than 25 years a publica­ with another corps that ranks in the same tion of the highest quality published by class. His dedication takes him back to the the Arizona Small Mine Operators As­ HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THE Kilties-to be a part of the field staff, or KILTIES' SPffiIT? working with the feeder corps, the Kiltie sociation. I commend my colleagues' at­ Kadets. tention to this fine publication and to Who else but a former Kilt can under­ the following article on the Public Land HON. HENRY C. SCHADEBERG stand the corps' fraternalism? Law Review Commission: OF WISCONSIN The question is often asked, "how do the SOENE FROM THE VIEWPOINT: THE PEOPLE, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kilties manage to peak just for VFW na­ T~ PRESS AND THE PLLRC tionaJs?" There is no secret--it's plain and (By Vox Populi) Monday, September 16, 1968 simple--it's dedication! Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker, Just do the Job. All the ingredients are Not since Congess created the separate Ter­ Racine, Wis., is a major city of the :first there: musicianship, abutty, showmanship ritory of Arizona in 1863 has Arizona had a and talent. What more could you want? greater stake in the actions of a govern­ district which I have the honor to repre­ Once again the Kilties have earned the mental body than it has in those of the Pub­ sent in Congress. It is truly the bugle title of VFW champions, but with this sec­ lic Land Law Review Commission, corps capital of the world. Recently one ond national win they have gained poise Fifty, even 25 years ago, this fact would of our fine weekly newspapers, the and have learned to be humble and gracious. have been so obvious to the vast majority of Arizonans that it would have been the Shoreline Leader, carried a story about CAN THE KILTIES DO IT AGAIN? chief topic of conversation in pubs and clubs, Racine Kilties, the champions among The1r performance in the night finals at homes and churches, schools and offices. drum corps in the United States. Detroit was nothing short of a corps di­ Today only a handful of tlle people in the At a time, Mr. Speaker, when so many rector's dreaim. Individuality in motion. A state are really familiar with the fact the problems face us in respect to our young fine, blending, solid horn line. Par-excellent Commission exists, let alone its purposes and people, I thought it would be timely to drumming. A well patterned and designed potential influence on Arizona's future. Un­ bring to the attention of the Congress of drill that complemente­ nists-what weight can one give to Soviet uled to be completed, it would have served licans, in a statement to be r·eleased to­ avowal that they desire peaceful coexistence the country extremely well. Under the chair­ with a radically different social system, i.e. manship and leadership of Wayne N. Aspinall morrow warns that a secret summit that of the United States? Czechoslovakia it has succeeded, by virtue of strict objec­ meeting on arms control between Presi­ proves that the problem of peace is not. as tivity, intellectual honesty and almost saintly dent Johnson and top Soviet leadershiP­ simple as the President's desire for it, because patience, in forcing the proponents of the while Soviet troops remain in Czecho­ Soviet intentions cannot be taken at face various points of view to think. slovakia-would "weaken beyond repair value. The President's persistence in seeking It has forced the mining industry, which the Atlantic Alliance, hasten the develop­ an invitation from the Russians will by tradition was reserved almost to the point ment of independent nuclear deterrents strengthen the impression in Moscow that of being inarticulate, to state its case forth­ outside the alliance for some countries the risks of any course (such as an invasion rightly. It has forced the volatile and voluble of Czechoslovakia) can be effectively offset enthusiasts in the wilderness and· associated and strengthen the forces for neutral­ by a superficial gesture (such as inviting the camps to face some of the facts of modern ization in others." · President to Moscow to· begin-discussions on life and time. It has forced all the users of The Congressmen urged instead that arms controls) to recover its dwindling pres­ the public lands to gather together in public "the President take the necessary steps tige. h _earlngs and listen to what the others have dramatically and quickly to improve our For the President to go to Moscow to begin to say. political position in Western . Europe­ secret discussions on matters affecting Euro­ And there are those who dare to believe which in turn would improve the relative pean security as long as Soviet and Warsaw they begin to perceive the emergence ·of position of Western Europe vis-a-vis the Pact troops remain in Czechoslovakia would order out of chaos. Traditional enemies (or, mean two things: (1) U.S. acceptance of the at best, rivals) are beginning to see they Soviet bloc." Soviet occupation; (2) political recognition can live happily side by side on the public They identified "the German question" by the U.S. of the concept of an East Euro­ lands, that their interests are not nearly as "the most volatile issue in the world" pean sphere of Soviet influence. To pursue so conflicting as they so long had assumed. and added: such discussions at a time when the Soviets People who three years ago avoided each In view of the impact on European secu­ are violating international law and attempt­ other like the plague now are sitting down rity that any arms control agreement or dis­ ing to shift the balance of forces in Europe to discuss their mutual problems rationally. cussions would have, we believe that such in their own favor would weaken beyond Chairman Aspinall summed it up one day discussions should not occur on a bilateral repair the Atlantic Alliance, hasten the de­ at a public hearing. After four men had basis between the United States and the velopment of independent nuclear deter­ testified before the Commission for the Ari­ Soviet Union but could best be tackled by a rents outside the alliance for some· countries zona Mining Association, he said, in essence: European Conference which would include and strengthen the forces for neutralization That ls what I have been trying to drive representatives of the NATO and Warsaw in others. What the President should do­ home for so long. There ls not a person in Pacts ·as well as· representatives of neutral and do quickly-is make clear to the Rus­ this room, nor has there been one at any of nations. sians that a policy of detente with the U.S. our hearings, who is not a conserva tlonist ! ls absolutely inconsistent with the expan" Wayne Aspinall ls perhaps the only man I issued the statement as chairman sionist policy under which the Soviets seek with the knowledge, patience, determination of the task force. to exacerbate all instabilities and tensions and wisdom needed to make so many lions Joining me in signing it were: E. Ross they encounter in Europe, the Middle East, and lambs lie down happily together. But and Southeast Asia. ADAIR, of Indiana; l E. Y. BERRY, of South there ls a very great deal of work still to be The emerging truths from the · Czecho­ done by the Commission, and the stakes of Dakota; GARRY BROWN, of Michigan; J. slovakia invasion: the western mining states in its recommen­ HERBERT BURKE, of Florida; l DON H. (1) In contrast to our policy of preference dations to the President and the Congress CLAUSEN, of California; JAMES C. CLEVE­ fot bipolar cooperation and detente with the are incalculable. LAND, of New Hampshire; WILLIAM c. Soviet Union over all1ance cohesion, it is ob­ The mining industry cannot afford to CRAMER, of Florida; l JOHN N. ERLENBORN, vious that the Soviets prefer cohesion ·and relax its efforts; certainly the Sierra Club will of Illinois; PAUL A. FINO, of New York; solidarity---even if imposed by force--in their not abate its. But now that at least a modi­ JAMES R. GROVER, JR., of New York; SEY­ all1ance and are w11ling to risk good relations cum of reason has begun to emerge, it ls to with the U.S. to maintain it. MOUR HALPERN, of New York·; l CRAIG Hos­ be hoped that the press across the state (2) The Warsaw Pact is still a Soviet .entity will start educating Arizonans, especially the MER, of California;. THEODORE F. KUPFER­ and is probably better organized and more large number of newcomers, as to what values MAN, of New York; CHESTER L. MIZE, of effective now than NATO in respect to mili­ are involved. Kansas; ALBERT H. QUIE, of Minnesota; tary, political and intellig-ence gathering To do this effectively, we suggest the press JOHN P. SAYLOR, of Pennsylvania; WIL­ operations. Its conventional forces and arms itself needs to be educated. Fortunately, op­ LIAM A. STEIGER, of Wisconsin; FLETCHER in important categories are superior to those portunity for first-hand education will be THOMPSON, of Georgia; LAWRENCE G. of NATO. available in November when the Commission (3) Western Europe is still incapable of WILLIAMS, of Pennsylvania; BOB WILSON, defending itself without massive U.S. assist­ meets in Tucson. We trust the press gallery of California; and LARRY WINN, JR., of will be full and that a great many private 1 ance. The French force de frappe is too weak citizens attend the open (non-executive) Kansas. to be an effective continental deterrent. sessions. The statement follows: (4) The Gennan question is still the most Arizona has a tremendous stake in the STATEMENT BY HOUSE REPUBLICAN TASK FORCE volatile issue in the world. The invasion of Public Land Law Review Commission. We all ON NATO AND 0rHER REPUBLICAN MEMBERS Czechoslovakia may have been sparked by had better know what they are. ON THE PERILS OF SECRET DISCUSSIONS BY warnings of IDbricht and Gomulka that THE PRESIDENT WITH TOP SOVIET LEADER­ Czechoslov:akia was moving too close to Bonn, SHIP ON ARMS CONTROL AT THIS TIME, and that subsequent political isolation was a. SEPTEMBER 17, 1968 real threat. THE "PUEBLO": HOW LONG, MR. The expressed desire of the Presideut to (5) Soviet leadership is still divided bad­ PRESIDENT? ly betwen the irreconcilables, the undecided, meet with top Russian leadership to begin and the concmatory. Consequently, Soviet discussions on arms control is, under present policies towards the West and even other circumstances, simply incredible. West and Communist states is not fixed permanently HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE East Europeans--not to mention many Amer­ OF IOWA although it now appears that the hardline icans--flnd it impossible to understand why group may have gained control in setting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the President persists in his pursuit of a poUcy. The posslb111ty that Soviet leadership Monday, September 16, 1968 Soviet-American arrangement at the expense has become unpredictable and therefore ca­ of our NATO allies, especially in light of re­ pable of rash, irrational, and violent acts Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this is ·cent events in Eastern Europe. cannot be ignored. the 238th day the U.S.S. Pueblo and her (6) The pollcy of bllpolar cooperation at crew have been in North Korean hands. 1 Task force members. the expense of Western Europe has not re- CXIV--1705-Part 20 2706:6, EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 sulted in modifying Soviet behavior or lessen­ indignation in the free world and in the sible to ignore that the optimistic assump­ ing the hostiUty of Soviet ideology. Communt&t world also. tion of steadily improving relations across In view of these developments, the Presi­ The judgment of the Yugoslav newspaper the Iron Curtain is now belied. dent should take the necessary steps dra­ Politika merits quotation: But this local action, though important, matically and quickly to improve our politi­ "Never, in the postwar period, has the is not enough. The influence of Czechoslo­ cal position in Western Europe--which, in tragedy of a country so deeply and so pain­ vakia's ordeal is already world-wide. Rela­ turn would improve the relative position of fully shaken the world of our planet as has tions between the Communist powers have Western Europe vis-a-vis the Soviet bloc­ the tragedy sustained by Czechoslovakia. deteriorated sharply. The uncommitted na­ by announcing firmly and positively that he Never before was the world so united in the tions are alarmed and acutely conscious of will give immediate and continuing highest condemnation of the aggression as it is these their uncertain future, while the smaller priority to strengthening U.S. relations with days." free nations are understandably anxious. Czechoslovakia is the first casualty. This tmr NATO allies and will not negotiate with DUTY OF FREE NATIONS the Russians on arms control as long a.s So­ land which looked for freedom ls now a land viet troops remain in Czechoslovakia. In view o! fear. Though still a Communist state and In conditions where Communism's repute of the impact on European security that any loyal member of the Warsaw Pact, it is help­ is much damaged, the leading free nations arms control agreement or discussions would less before Russian armor and the still more have both a duty and an opportunity. To­ have, we believe that such discussions should dreaded secret police. gether they should examine the existing sit­ not occur on a bilateral basis between the We must cherish no illusions. ~pression uation in each continent, politically, mil1- U.S. and the Soviet Union but could best ha.a come again and with it the terror of tar1ly and economically. The purpose of this be tackled by a European Conference which the knock on the doo.r in the dead of the exercise would be to determine the wisest would include representatives of the NATO !}ight. All this for no crime, except that the policies to be pursued in each of these and Warsaw Pacts as well as representatives Czechoslovak Coxnmunist leaders sought, spheres. of neutral nations. with the full support of their people, to prac­ To make this effective, closer consultation There has been a tendency in the Johnson ti~e a little more freedom than the rulers would be necessary between the leading na­ Administratt.on to prefer pursuit of a policy of Russia were prepared to permit, so sharp tions across the world. Something of the of detente with the Soviet Union at the ex­ was the fear of contagion. spirit of the earlier yea.rs of NATO would pense of closer ties with Western Europe.2 There are other casualtiee. International have to be rekindled for this more compre­ Such bilateral dealings on our part have led Communism is split wide open, the greater hensive work, but that is not impossible to suspicion and concern on the part of some part of it siding with CZechoslovakia at the and the outcome could offer the leadership of our allies and encouraged bilateral deal­ first shock, even though the temptation to and inspiration which the world so sadly ings with the East on the part of others. pa111ate the deed may grow with the passage lacks. There ls no inconsistency between preserva­ of time. No less important, a joint endeavor such tion of close relations with Western Europe No less significant is the impact upon as this could counter the world's greatest and our allies and detente with a Russian hopes of negotiation in Europe. At intervals danger, the widening spread of anarchy. leadership genuinely interested in peace. In since the summit conference in Geneva, in fact, the existence of the forme-r will assure the summer of 1955, efforts have been made to get discussions going with the purpose of the latter. The United States should delay the nuclear agreeing to some mutual reduction in the non proliferaition treaty in the Senate, sus­ number of troops, perhaps determining their CONCERN TIES COLUMBIA TO MEN pend plans for U.S. talks with the Soviets location and even considering the possibility IN VIETNAM on arms control, and int tia te action on of a neutral zone. worsening problems in NATO. This would REDUCING ARMED FORCES demonstrate clearly that the Soviet Union At times during the Bulganin-Khrushchev HON. ALBERT W. WATSON must pay a high price for its invasion of era some progress on these lines seemed pos­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA CzechoslovakLa. sible. Now not only these but other attem.Ifts Regretfully the Soviet Union was not at negotiation between Moscow and the West IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES warned in adv,ance that its invasion would must be ruled out, unless one condition is Monday, September 16, 1968 set back U.S.-Soviet relations. Perhaps if this first fulfilled. The Soviet armies must be had been done, the Soviets might have re­ withdrawn from Czechoslovak soil and that Mr. WATSON. Mr. Speaker, on sev­ considered. For the President to fail now in country's government allowed to function eral occasions it has been my privilege taking political action to express our di&aip­ free from the imposition of foreign nominees to bring to the attention of the Con­ proval of Soviet action and our support for or dictated. censorship. gress the activities of a very patriotic the cause of freedom wherever it is under at­ This ts the indispensable minimum, for arid humanitarian civic organization in tack is to invite aggression elsewhere. for all negotiation must rest on confidence, my hometown of Columbia, S.C., known and there can be none in the conditions . Mr. Speaker, another timely comment which Russia has imposed upon Czechoslo­ ~s Rally SupPQrt for Vietnam Personnel on the relationship of the Czech occupa­ vakia. To condone what has happened would or RSVP. tion and NATO interests was written by be base; it would also be foolish. The history RSVP is not a political organization. former British Prime Minister Anthony of the thirties has ·taught us mercilessly that Instead of engaging in so-called aca­ Eden for the September 14 New York to attempt new agreements, while ignoring demic debate about U.S. involvement in Times. It follows: flagrant breaches of the old, earns contempt, Vietnam, RSVP supporters are giving o.f not progress. their time and finances to make life a TOPICS: THE MEsSAGE OF CzECHOSLOVAKIA The record of attempted negotiation with By Anthany Eden, Earl of Avon) Hi tier and MusS'Olini cannot be ignored. little easier for our fighting men and the (NO'l'E.-Lord Avon resigned a.s Foreign There have also been more recent examples civilian population of South Vietnam. Minister to pr.otest the appeasement of the of appeasement with its predictable conse­ In fact, the people of Columbia have Axis before the Second World War. He later quences. donated everything from toothbrushes to served as Foreign Minister and Prime Min­ When Sukarno claimed Western New farm tractors to this worthy project. ister of Great Britain.) Guinea, to which he had no right either The reason RSVP is successful is really Thirty years ago the Munich agreement ethically or ethnically, and threatened at­ not difficult to explain. People who care left a weakened. Czec:hoslov.a.kia little chance tack upon its territory, pressure was applied make it a success. No one is too young or of survival. Russian spokesmen have often upon the responsible power to yield. It was denounced that agreement and its conse­ no doubt expected that, satisfied with this old to participate and the results have quences. Now C~hos•lovakia is occupied by notable concession, the Indonesian dictator been outstanding. Typical of the won­ m111tary force once again, this time by its would rest content. As usual, the reverse derful folks who help to ease the horrors ally and big brother in Commu~ism and in proved the truth and Sukarno was soon of war in Vietnam are Mrs. Jan Webber the Warsaw Pact, Soviet Russia. The un­ claiming Malaysia. and Miss Shirin Ritter, of Columbia. provoked harshness of this deed has aroused "Confrontation" followed, which Malaysia, Their story was recently related in an with the help of her ally, successfully re­ pell at a heavy cost, not least to Indonesia, article .which appeared in the Columbia 2 Nowhere was th'ls more evident than in Record newspaper of September 12, 1968. the Washington Post, september 10, 1968, which to this day is burdened by the ag­ .which reported that "high officials in the gressive adventures of her previous ruler . Because of their inspiring message of Johnson Ad.ministra.tion indicated they did There is a course for the free nations to love, devotion and sacrifice for others, not want to take any acition which would follow. NATO should review its needs in the I would like to submit this article as a serously hamper U.S.-Soviet bridge-bu1l9,ing light of the changeq. condit~oµs in Europe. part of my remarks, as follows: through sending more U.S .. troops to Europe." That organization is essentially defensive and CONCERN 'TIES COLUMBIA TO, MEN IN VU:TNAM In fact, the whole article by Warren Unna to improve its effectiveness can threaten no indicates tha.t the Johnson Administration one. Admittedly the European nations ( By Norma Hanlon) has· no intention to beef up NATO in light would have to contribute to this effort, but In March 1967 two Columbia women en­ f?'t the changed conditions in Ea.stern Europe. it has to be made, for it would be irrespon- tered into a campaign of concern for wound- September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF 1 REMARKS 27067

ed American Gis which has grown in strength BEFORE CHRISTMAS permanent "markers". These markers are by leaps and bounds. "If all the states wm cooperate, I'll have reminders. The Bible commends establish­ - The campaign is RSVP-Rally Support for the posters completed and mailed before ment of such memorials. The ancient Hebrews Vietnam Personnel-which was founded in Christmas. crossed the Jordan River into their Prom­ Columbia by Dr. David Palmer, assistant pro­ "The chaplain said it will provide a direct ised Land. When they crossed over the river, fessor for political science at the University line of contact from the people in this coun­ Joshua lnstruced one man out of each tribe of South Carolina, to adopt the 1st Air Cav­ try to the men in Vietnam." to bring out of the river bed a large stone alry Division of the United States Army sta­ The contact between the women and and he had them put into a monument com­ tioned in Vietnam. "their" men in the milltary hasn't been com­ memorating the event. "And Joshua said to Under the RSVP program, Columbia civic pletely by mail. Two pen pals from New York the people of Israel, 'When your children ask groups and clubs have adopted divisions of and Alabama traveled through Columbia to their fathers in time to come, "What do these the 1st Air Cavalry Division as personal meet the women. stones mean?" Then you shall let your chil­ projects. "The second chaplain from the hospital dren know, Israel passed over this Jordan The two interested women are Mrs. Jan came down to Columbia to meet the people on dry ground'". (Joshua 4: 21-22). Webber and Miss Shirin Ritter who have here working with RSVP. His warm thanks The people of all enlightened nations con­ adopted as their personal project the 85th for the things we sent made it seem worth­ tinue the practice of placing monuments Evacuation Hospital in Qui Nhon, South while," she said. and markers. Permit me to mention a few Vietnam. "We've tried to keep up our correspond­ monuments I have personally seen in our "When we began we wrote the chaplain 'ences with the chaplalns--even after they've America. of the hospital to ask what the men would left Vietnam. And generally they've done 1. Washington Monument in our Nation's like to have and would need," Miss Ritter very well. capital-it is a shaft of white marble 555 said. "But the letters from the current chaplain feet high, costing $1,300,000.00. at the hospital were getting fewer and far­ 2. Bunker Hill Monument in Charlestown, "We began sending cards and letters to the Mass. patients in care of the chaplain and later we ther apart and he finally explained that his typewriter was broken. 3. Wolf and Montcalm Monument in Que­ began sending things the men needed and bec, Canada with this inscription, "Valor wanted like plastic bags (to keep things "I had a typewriter at home that I hadn't dry in the damp air) clgarets, tooth paste, used for years so I sent it to him. It made a gave them a common death, history a com­ combs, cans of candy, cleansing tissue and big package. Mr. Reuben Grauer, another mon fame and posterity a common monu­ foods they can't get in Vietnam--especially Columbian who has taken great interest in ment". canned fruit Juices," she said. the RSVP program, paid the postage. 4. Monument a.t Bridge at Concord-With "Jan and I just wish we were rich so we this message: "Here was fired the shot heard PAID BILLS could do much more for 'our' hospital." round the world". Miss Ritter and Mrs. Webber have footed 5. The marker at our own Texas Alamo the bill for the care packages they send to with these words, "Thermopylae had her wounded military personnel in the hospital messenger of defeat; the Alamo had none". from their own pockets. They have had help Of course the thing we are doing here from other sources. "I must say the banks THE MESSAGE OF HISTORICAL today will never be placed in the catalogue and wholesalers in Columbia have been MARKERS of great monuments of history. But this most cooperative," Miss Ritter said. marker ls important to us here in Dry Frio Both women have long pen pal lists. "I Canyon. have about 40 I write and Jan has about 60. HON. 0. C. FISHER To some of us the most thrilling part of I have several I hear from regularly-nearly OF TEXAS history is the story of the pioneers who came every week-and I try to write them back IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to these frontiers of Texas. Tell1ng it best weekly," Miss Ritter explained. Monday, September 16, 1968 was the leading American poet Henry Van "I get tired of hearing how sick our coun­ Dyke when he came to Texas in 1910 to dedi­ try is--and I try to show the men that there Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ cate Rice University-in his poem: are people who ca.re." tember 1, 1958, the Reverend Dow H. "Texas In addition to personal letters, Miss Ritter Heard, D.D. of Houston, delivered a "Men of mark from old Missouri, composed long letters which she mimeo­ noteworthy speech on the occasion of the Men of daring from Kentucky, Tennessee, graphed and sent to each man in the hos­ dedication of a Texas historical marker, Louisiana, pital for St. Patrick's Day, Easter, and Fourth Men of many states and races, of July. on the Dry Frio Canyon, at Reagan Wells, Uvalde County, Tex. Bringing wives and children with them, The letters contained the history of the Followtng up the wooded valleys, holidays, the observances in the United Mr. Heard was formerly chaplain in the Spread across the rolling prairies States and a selection of holiday stories and central office, Veterans' Administration, Raising homes and reaping harvests. poems. here in Washington. He is a distinguished Rude the toil that tried their patience, WROTE POEM minister, lecturer, and historian. The Fierce the fights that proved their courage, I got the nicest letter from a GI in an­ title of his speech: was "The Message of Rough the stone and tough the timber swer to the Fourth of July letter. He and his Historical Markers." Out of which they built their order! friends together wrote a poem about their Under leave to extend my remarks, I Yet they never failed nor faltered feelings-aboµt the protestors and how they include a copy of the address, as fol­ And the instinct of their swarming felt about the war. Made them one and kept them working, The largest project the two women have lows: 'til their toil was crowned with triumph, undertaken to date was assembling Christ­ THE MESSAGE OF HISTORICAL MARKERS And the country of the TeJas mas packages for each man in the 250-bed We have assembled today to dedicate an Was the fertile land of Texas." hospital. They filled boxes with eight or nine official Texas Historica.l Marker. The inscrip­ items each and wrapped them in bright tion on the marker reads : It has always been a big mystery to me paper. how and why those first settlers found this "A friend of mine baked about 1,000 cook­ "DRY FRIO CANYON Canyon in the first place. ( A cynical kinsman ies which we sent for the entire hospital. "Area's First Settlers-Famil1es of Louis suggested, I hope with tongue-in-cheek, they The men really appreciated them," Miss Rit­ Bohme, Charlie Jones, Gus Heard and Law­ may have been dodging the law from some ter said. rence Pike Heard--.arrived in 1875 in search place back East.) But with no airplanes, no A request from one of the four chaplains of new frontiers and range lan.ds. railroads, no wagon roads, no road maps, no who have been at the hospital for posters for "The first Post Office was called Heard, as directional signs, they got here. It is difficult the walls depicting the states prompted Miss was the first school, which opened in 1880. enough to find this place with modern cars, Ritter's most ambitious project. "While digging a well in 1885, T. H. Ham­ well marked paved roads, and good river mer discovered area's mineral water which crossings. I will accept the well worded state­ "I call it a 'Little Touch of Home'," she became famous for ~medicinal · qualities. He said. "It will be a series of posters-approxi­ ment on this Historical Marker that says mately 10 on each state-ifor the hospital later sold his property to a promoter named they came "in search of new frontiers and Reagan who built a bath house and hotel to range lands". That answers the why they walls. I've written to 95 chambers of com­ sell mineral water. merce in cities and states. came to Dry Frio Canyon. But stm I don't "Baptist Church, founded 1906-, was first see how they found it and got here. "To date, I've received information, post­ local house of worship." Let's f1;tce it. This hill country is not the ers, maps, brochures and flags to use on the The erection of monuments and placing ;richest land in Texas for farming or ;ranch­ posters from 64 sources," she said. markers is an old custom-as old' as written ing. It was and ls still a hard land on which "I haven't heard from anyone in South history. The Bible records one such inter­ to work out a good living. It is almost im­ Carolina yet. When I get to our state, I plan esting and significant story in the book of possible to squeeze a living out of the little to really do it up brown. Its my favorite Joshua, Chapter 'Four. The people of Israel fields and livestock. Most of the bread win­ sta.te." marked• the great events of her hlsitory wlt:J:.l ners have to have additional Jobs ~r ind~- 27068 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 pendent income to make it. This condition He did father a s.izeab.Ie family of six chil­ scarce and expensive. Many of them were un­ is true of much of the hill country in this dren that grew to maturity-3 sons and 3 lettered and untrained for such work. But county and nearby counties. daughters--and they each in turn, produced what excuse will our children and grand­ As a native of this part of Texas I was in­ larger families. I have made a recent careful children offer in our behalf if we too fail terested on January 20, 1965 as I listened to check of his posterity and have come up with to keep accurate, pertinent written records? President Lyndon Johnson's Inauguration the following head count: Please permit me to urge you to pass on to Address-especially in the closing remarks His sons: your progeny family photographs and mean­ about the place of birth over in Blanco Henry Heard had 9 children, 17 grandchil­ ingful data. Not to do so may very well cause County. He said: dren, 34 great grandchildren, and 18 great­ your descendants to feel cheated by you. "It was once barren land. The angular great grandchildren for a total of 78. ( com­ Historian Maccauley said: "A people that hills were covered with scrub cedar and few plete Count) takes no pride in the noble achievements of live oaks. Little would grow in the harsh Hub Heard had 10 children, 26 grandchil­ remote ancestors will never achieve anything caliche soil. And each Spring the Pedernales dren, and 33 great grandchildren for a total worthy to be remembered by remote de­ River would flood the valley. of 69. (Complete) scendants". "But men came and worked and endured Charlie Heard had 7 children, 4 grandchil­ and built. dren for a total of 11. (Complete.) "Today that country is abundant with His daughters: fruit, cattle, goats and sheep. There are Mary (Kelley) had 8 children, 24 grand­ A PROGRAM OF INDIVIDUAL pleasant homes and lakes, and the floods are children, 44 great grandchildren, and 10 gone. great-great grandchildren for a total of 86. RESPONSIBILITY "Why did men come to that once forbid­ (Complete) . ding land? Mattie (Robb) had 5 children, (partial "Well, they were restless, of course, and count). HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK had to be moving on. But there was more Annie (Kelley) had 7 children, 11 grand­ OF OHIO than that. There was a dream-a dream of a children, 21 great grandchildren, and 1 great­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place where a free man could build for him­ great grandchild, for a total of 40. (Com­ Monday, September 16, 1968 self and raise his children to a better life­ plete.) a dream of a continent to be conquered, a That makes a grand total of 289 direct Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, re­ world to be won, a nation to be made." descendants for Lawrence Pike Heard. So cently the Young Republicans of the I think the President was right. the old gentleman did not do so badly after State of Virginia embarked on a self­ Today I visited the little Reagan Wells all in 100 years. And only the Good Lord help program here in the District of Cemetery where several of the early settlers knows what these great-great-great grand­ of Dry Frio Canyon and some of their de­ children will do when they start their popula­ Columbia which could well serve as a scendants are buried. Two of their names tion explosion in the next 100 years. model for similar endeavors elsewhere. are on this historical marker-Lawrence And as far as I know, Lawrence Pike is the Tne program consists of both a loan and Pike Heard and Harney Hammer. As I mused only one of his tribe that ever got his name active participation in a vocational edu­ in that silent spot I recalled what the English on such a marker. cation school administered by the Poet Thomas Gray said in his immortal On an occasion like this we are prone to Phoenix Society in the District. Training _poem-Elegy written in a Country Church magnify the virtues of our ancestors and their will be offered in auto mechanics and Yard-written over 200 years ago in the pioneer neighbors. But I am sure they would the sum of 150 trainees is the goal of the Church Yard, at Stoke Pogis, England. (I appreciate any mantle of charity we are center at the present time. The Young visited that small graveyard when I was in disposed to cast over ·their lives. Certainly England in 1942.) they shoulrogram, the Young Republicans are Meanwhile, Robinson said he hopes to put earn as they learn on cars brought to the demonstrating actively that they are willing the center on a self-sustaining basis by hav­ garage center. to participate personally in programs not in­ ing the students apply what they've learned "We don't want handouts because that volving white suburbanites exclusively. This in the classroom from four volunteer mas­ way the boys and girls will know they weren't could go far in breaking down an often­ ter mechanics and an automotive engineer handed anything," Robinson said. "It is our made racist charge. and charging for the work they do-from experience that federal programs are badly The program, in short, has the earmarks washing and polishing cars to tuning jobs. ruh. Many of these programs are top of success for all sides. It is an excellent be­ On this basis, the society now operates heavy in highly paid adininistratlve jobs ginning of what should become a statewide vocational training courses in building main­ and too much publicity." effort to improve the lot of all our residents. tenance, taxi operation, commercial sewing He explained many of the students coming and tailoring, clerical and typing and resi­ to his vocational centers from federal pro­ [From the Northern Virginia Sun, dential management and is setting up a grams are still untrained and not ready to Aug. 25, 1968] course in commercial printing. earn a living. "Our efforts are also to change YOUNG GOP ENTERS ANTIPOVERTY WORK In selecting vocations to be taught the the outlook and attitudes of people after WrrH GLEE society says it has three criteria: they are trained," Robinson said. "We counsel (By Carol Griffee) The vocation must be able to provide the people to use their income to their own bene­ RICHMOND.-Virginia's Young Republicans, graduate with a salary "well above the fit ... home buying or investment." especially those in the Arlington club, are as poverty level" so that he can buy "the good EDUCATION ON MENIAL JOBS things in life"; ecstatic as a kid with a teddy bear gift at a He also said one of the goals of the society birthday party. It must not require a formal education ls to re-educate the thinking of Negroes since a 25-year-old dropout is not considered Their "teddy bear" is a Washington self­ about menial jobs. "We have 435 plumbers help Negro organization, the Phoenix Society, likely to return to school, and in Washington of which only seven are Ne­ and a project it is launching today with a It must offer a long-term future, preferably groes. It's stupid for a Negro to say that is morale and monetary "bearhug" from the with an opportunity for the graduate to a menial job. When a plumber comes to fix Virginia Young Republicans. eventually set up a business of his own. a drain at your house, you're at his mercy. In a rented building in the 1400 block of Robinson rejects black and white separa­ They can charge anything, and you have to Irving Street N.W., the society is opening an tism in America. His philosophy, and that of pay," he said. the society's is that the so-called "disad­ automotive training center with the objective "There's a clean dirt from labor and there's of turning out "full-fledged mechanics." vantaged Negro" will attain the full benefits dirt from laziness. You work hard and you Three classes daily, each with 30 students, of America life "not through welfare or any get dirty, but you always have a shower and are planned. hand-out type federal program, but only soap," he said. Phoenix Society founder and President through his own efforts ln the free enter­ prise system." The society· is also involved in buying Ulysses Robinson, 49, estimates the year-old houses and selling them to what banks con­ organization will need $6,000 to get the new Asked by a newsman what both the YRs and the society would do if and when the sider high risk persons. The American Home project off the ground. Owners Plan, a real estate organization owned The society got a $500 leg up on this Satur­ center is self-sustaining and the loan repaid, partly by the society and by the original day when, at a full-scale press conference Robinson said he hopes the group reloans it owners of the property, owns about $2 mil­ in the John Marshall Hotel here that didn't for still more projects. He left the impression he meant centers lion worth of property in "ghetto" areas in turn out to be so "full," the state YRs turned Washington. "We found there is a direct over a loan in that amount to Robinson. in Washington, a notion Green dispelled quickly. effort to make people feel poor," Robinson YRs and Robinson alike stressed the money said. "But why not take a chance on the was a loan. If this pilot project works ln Washington, it wm, he vowed, be onward to Richmond, poor ... they have to pay rent." The corpo­ And herein lies part of the reason for the ration makes the first month of rent the YR involvement. Robinson insists the money Norfolk and Arlington. And, as Arlington YR president Claude down payment on a home, and works exten­ will be paid back because "we don't want any sively with banks to finance the homes. handouts ..." and this goes double for gov­ -(Mike) Smith Jr.. observed as he handed the ernment grants. check to Robinson: "I hope we aren't too Mason Green, president of the state fed­ Robinson espouses a philosophy of boot­ late ...". eration of Young Republicans, told the meet­ strappism and individual dignity that has ing "Negroes would have fared better if the captivated the mostly conservative Young [From the Richmon~ (Va.) Times-Dispatch, Democratic party hadn't destroyed their faith Republicans who aren't just down on govern­ Aug. 25, 1968] in the free enterprise system. Until recently, men t--they're an tigovernmen t. You~G REPUBLICANS Am NEGRO CENTER the Young Republicans have not seen a way Perhaps George Mason Green Jr., of Arling­ A Black· Capitalist advocate here yester­ to' help," he said, "but Robinson's plan 18 ton, president of the Virginia YRs, explained day stressed the physical Involvement or an excellent way to channel efforts." 27070 EXTENSIONS orREMARKS September 16, 1968 TOM WALTERS SPEAKS OUT FOR lieved to be necessary to escape poverty. Al­ ice rendered; and in keeping with today's RETffiED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES though Medicare provisions have aided in the living standards, those retirees receiving to­ solution of health problems, many of them tal incomes of less than $3,000 per year be still lack the means to secure medical care made eligible for welfare, medical aid and HON. HERVEY G. MACHEN necessary to prolong life. Many of them have surplus commodities as other citizens in inadequate housing. similar circumstances." OF MARYLAND Our association is interested in every pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posal to help these older Americans. We be­ Monday, September 16, 1968 lieve that those who served so well should now have the means to live in comfort and Mr. MACHEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the security and that medical aid should be pro­ SIX MILLION DOLLARS FOR SEWER great champions of Federal employees, vided when it is necessary. We cannot pay AND WATER PROJECTS and in particular retired Federal em­ our debt to them but we should do something ployees, Mr. Thomas G. Walters, presi­ for these people in need. dent of the National Association of Re­ Our members are retired Federal employees HON. CLARENCE D. LONG tired Civil Employees, testified before the and survivors with the same problems as OF MARYLAND other older Americans. Of an approximate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES platform committee of the Democratic 800,000 retired civil employees and their sur­ National Convention on August 19, 1968. vivors, some 279,000 receive a monthly an­ Monday, September 16, 1968 His testimony, on behalf of more than nuity of less than $100 and 513,000 receive 800 000 annuitants under the civil serv­ less than $200 per month. Using a poverty Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, ice 'retirement system, clearly Points out level income of $3,000 per year, 611,000 plus Baltimore County and Harford County, that the Government has a very serious former Federal employees and their survivors Md., recently won $6 million in Federal are now living in poverty, with 220,000 of grants for water and sewer projects. I problem to meet in providing minimal them having yearly annuity incomes of over place my latest newsletter, describing economic assistance to our Federal re­ $3,000. these grants, in the RECORD at this time: tirees. It is shocking that our Federal Although the Medicare provisions are help­ Government has allowed thousands and ful to many older Americans, not all Federal ROBBING SUSQUEHANNA To PAY PARALLEL thousands of these dedicated civil serv­ retirees and their dependents are eligible BRIDGE ants to live in virtual poverty after their for full Medicare coverage, an omission in the 1"olls on the Susquehanna Bridge ought to public service careers. Medicare Law which we feel is unjust. be removed, since they have brought thirteen Some of our members retired a number of times what it cost the State Roads Commis­ Mr. Walters' testimony presents their years ago when salaries were much lower and st,on. Instead of removing the tolls, however, plight succinctly and forcefully. No per­ the retirement formula was less favorable. the SRC recently raised them 40 per cent to son in a responsible position can read it Although their meager annuities have· been finance a parallel Bay bridge which won't without feeling a sense of shame and supplemented by occasional increases, a ·ma­ serve Harford County and will actually drain sympathy for these retired civil servants. jority of these increases have been based on, traffic from it. Your Congressman has asked If we are not to make a mockery out of and aided only in, meeting the continually Secretary of Trans,porta tion Boyd to revoke a Federal Government career, then we rising cost-of-living. Recent increases for this toll increase. must address ourselves to this critical persons covered by Social Security, Railroad (SEWER AND WATER) PIPE DREAMS COME TRUE problem and it must be done very soon. Retirement, and with minimum annuity in­ Baltimore and Harford Counties, I'm de­ creases for those under Social Security, have lighted to announce, just won $6 million in For the benefit of my colleagues on not been extended to persons covered under both sides of the aisle, I insert in the Federal grants to bring water to Aberdeen, the Civil Service Retirement System. Joppa, and Edgewood; and to bring sewers RECORD Mr. Walters' testimony with the The 1967 Comparability Pay Law recog­ to Back River, Edgewood, Bush River and hope that the 90th Congress and the 91st nized the need for Federal salaries to be Bel Air. Congress yet to come will act responsibly comparable with those in private industry, KEEP OIL PRICES DOWN! and responsively to meet a longstanding but it did not extend an increase to Federal retirees. At the present time, with the aid "Your efforts in having the price of heating obligation to these dedicated civil serv­ of Social Security, many private industries oil rolled back," writes President Myers of ants. We must not let them down, be­ are more liberal in providing benefits for the Maryland Independent Heating 011 Deal­ cause if we do, we may endanger the their former employees than our own Gov­ ers Association "will save East Coast con­ success of the Federal Gover~ent as a ernment. sumers some $50 million." career and as the model employer we Thousands of our Federal retirees who OUR WAYWARD TAX COLLECTORS want it to be. The testimony follows: were predeceased by their spouse must con­ Mrs. L. was dunned by Internal Revenue STATEMENT OF THOMAS G. WALTERS, PRESI­ tinue to take a reduction in their annuities, Service for $180, when actually it owed her DENT, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED and if they remarry their second spouse can­ $60. Her protests brought only new bllls, with CIVIL EMPLOYEES, BEFORE THE PLATFORM not be named as a survivor annuitant. Also interest added .... Mr. M.'s salary was at­ COMMITTEE OF THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL many retirees and survivors are penalized by tached by the IRS; it admitted the error, CONVENTION, PANEL III, FEDERAL ROOM OF reductions in their annuities and excluded but didn't refund his money for seven THE STATLER HILTON HOTEL, WASHINGTON, from liberalizing benefits due to the fact that months .... Mr. A. asked the IRS how tax D.C., MONDAY, AUGUST 19, 1968 the liberalized benefits go only to employees laws would apply to a proposed business retiring after the date of· the amendment's transaction, but was told that ms does not Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ enactment. answer such questions. These are cases from mittee: Federal income tax exemptions are more my files. Reader's Digest cites an agent who My name is Thomas G. Walters, President liberal for Social Security and Railroad Re­ negotiateq a tax agreement with a busineSd'l­ of the National Association of Retired Civil tirement beneficiaries than for Civil Service man, later altered wording so the agent couJd Employees, an organization with over 134,000 annuitants. These are all examples of in­ press for larger claims! To protect taxpayers. members representing the interests of more equities existing against former employees your Congressman has introduced a bill t.o than 800,000 annuitants under the Civil Serv­ of our Federal Government. These men and set up a Tax Appeals Court for small claims. ice Retirement System, as retired Federal em­ women have given their loyal and devoted Have you been treated unfairly? Send in your ployees or survivors of deceased employees service as Civil Servants and we think that complaints. They'll help at Hearings on my and retirees. While we are primarily con­ the United States should set an example with bill. cerned with the problems of those receiving respect to treatment of the older Americans MEET MY OFFICE ON WHEELS civil service retirement annuities, we also who grew old in the service of our great The wife of a Federal employee had both take particular interest in the problems, wel­ Government. fare and status of all the aged and aging in legs amputated; he needs time off to care for We urge this panel and the Committee to her. A family complains a chicken farm is our Nation. recommend, and the Convention to adopt, a Thanks to the progress of medical science, declaration in the 1968 Democratic platform, the source of "fowl" odors. Graceland Park people are living longer now than ever be- residents demand a playground for their chil­ basically as follows: dren. Such problems are brought to your fore, and the percentage of persons over 65 "As an example to all employers, public Congressman each Saturday. Step into my years of age has grown to almost 10 percent and private, that it is not only wise but just, Office on Wheels: of the population of our country. By now, it to provide comfort and security in their de­ September 21.-Chase Post Office, 10 a.m.; is probable that the total number of older clining years to those who have rendered Essex Post Office, 11 a.m. Americans ( over 65 years of age) has passed dedicated service during their careers, we September 28.-Joppatowne Plaza, 10 a.m.; 20 million. favor a retirement system for Federal civilian Parkville Post Office, 11 a.m. Thousands upon thousands of these peo­ employees and dependents under which ple have basic living problems. Many of them benefits are adequate and are equalized as CHIOAGO--"STORMY, HUSKY, BRAWLING . ·.. " must live on meager incomes, far less than nearly as practicable for all beneficiaries, ac­ My own impressions of Chicago police­ the yearly minimum of $3.000 per couple be- cording to the length and character of serv- formed from hours of walking among dem- September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27071 onstrators-were entirely favorable. Where private individuals for city, state, and fed­ In addition to the prominent cases of police over-reacted, this can't be excused. But eral agencies and governments, for business, misconduct by individual Members, con­ neither can behavior of the demonstrators for labor, in fact, for all segments of Ameri­ sider our legislative situation: we are still who had published plans to "overheat the can society. The Advisory Commission has system." My hotel was saturated with stink made clear the need for action. The Ad­ considering appropriation bills which by bombs. Police were called pigs, and filth visory Commission has outlined effective the House rules should have been cleared thrown in their faces. Life reported plans of ways of dealing with the problems in a out of the way 2 ¥2 months ago before armed insurrection, a blasted power supply, meaningful manner. But the Advisory Com­ the start of the fiscal year. This, too, snipers, plots to klll Presidential candidates. mission cannot act. The nation must, since arises under Democratic leadership. Problem: How to get law and order under only it has the resources to effect the neces­ This, too, is why the people are going these conditions without throwing away the sary changes. to make a change for the better by vot­ Bill of Rights. Without a national commitment, the Ad­ ing out the present majority party and visory Commission's Report cannot be ef­ fective. The problems are too serious, the voting in the Republican Party. needs are too pressing to allow this Report CONNECTICUT DECLARATION OF to die. CONCERN FURTHER ARGUMENTS AGAINST s. 2658 JOHNSON-HUMPHREY RULE CRE­ HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE ATES MORALITY GAP OF CONNECTICUT HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ILLINOIS Monday, September 16, 1968 HON. THOMAS J. MESKILL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CONNECTICUT Monday, September 16, 1968 Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, it is wi.th IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES great pleasure that I insert into the Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, recently RECORD a declaratlon of concern from Monday, September 16, 1968 Mr. P. S. Heath, grand chief engineer, the Connecticut State Executive Com­ Mr. MESKILL. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, mittee on Human Rights, "to make Con­ ican people have lost their faith in the stated the case against S. 2658, which necticut State government more relevant Government under the Johnson-Hum­ would authorize larger trucks on Ameri­ and respons-ive to the needs of the mi­ phrey administration. can highways in a most convincing nority population of the State." It does not take very many exposures manner. We are all deeply concerned with of wrong-doing or discrepancies in infor­ I believe the points brought out by Mr. causes of violence, and what must be mation for trust to be lost. People are Heath serve to fortify our OPPosition to done to bring stability to every level of always ready enough to protest against this legislation. our society. Thus, it is reassuring to learn and disbelieve the Government. The I should like to place in the RECORD, that the State of Connecticut is mobiliz­ Johnson-Humphrey administration has today, Mr. Heath's entire statement: ing and coordinating its efforts in this made it ridiculously and tragically easy STATEMENT OF P. S. HEATH, GRAND CHIEF behalf. for them to do so. ENGINEER, BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE The declaration notes that State ac­ The record of the Johnson-Humphrey ENGINEERS, IN OPPOSITION TO S. 2658 (H.R. tion by itself would be ineffective, and I, administration is a record of misuse of 14474) therefore, strongly endorse the call which office, misinformation, and mismanage­ I am Chief Executive Officer of the Broth­ it makes for a national commitment to ment. It has been marked by cronyism, erhood of Locomotive Engineers. The Broth­ the goals, ideas, and recommendations of preferential treatment for close friends. erhood has approximately 35,000 members the President's National Advisory Com­ Some of the more famous examples who are currently employed as locomotive mission on Civil Disorders. drawn from an almost inexhaustible list engineers and locomotive firemen on the ra11- include: roads of the United States. The BLE repre­ The text of the declaration follows: sents engineers on approximately 95% of the DECLARATION OF CONCERN The President's pledge in 1964 not to Nation's Class I railroads. This organization The State of Connecticut Executive Com­ send American boys to Vietnam to fight is deeply concerned with the possibility that mittee on Human Rights and Opportunities a war that Asian boys should fight. S. 2658 may become the law of the land and has the mandate from the Connecticut Gen­ While calling for "prudent govern­ the "truck train" may become a reality. The eral Assembly and Governor John Dempsey ment" the administration has added concern is basically two fold: ( 1) the dan­ to make Connecticut State Government more more than 500,000 persons to the Federal gers to locomotive engineers that these ve­ relevant and responsive to the needs of the payroll and added $50 billions to the hicles would create at highway grade cross­ minority population of the state. national debt; ings; and ( 2) the increased dangers which The President's National Advisory Com­ While claiming to protect the family would result to the users of our Nation's mission on Civil Disorders Report, released highways. in March of 1968, has provided the Com­ farm, Democratic policies have put If adopted the bill would permit, with ap­ mittee with fresh, imaginative and effective nearly one million such farms out of proval of the states, the use of three trailers courses of action. The Committee has at­ business. hooked to a tractor with a length of 95 feet tempted to follow aggressively the recom­ The ex-chief of the Food and Drug with weight limits of approximately 105,500 mendations of the Advisory Commission as Administration stated that marijuana is pounds. The maximum width of the trucks they apply to state government. The devel­ no more dangerous than a cocktail and would be increased to 102 inches leaving a opment of affirmative action employment asked Congress to reduce the penalty for safety clearance of only 18 inches on each programs in state agencies, the increase in using LSD; side when operated on the interstate system staff and funds for the Connecticut Com­ which has twelve foot lanes. mission on Human Rights and Opportunities, In April 1967, Vice President HUM­ What does the adoption of this bill mean and the establishment of a Cost-of-living PHREY said: to a locomotive engineer both in the opera­ Commission within the State Welfare De­ We are not going to take restrictive ac­ tion of his train and as a user of the Nation's partment represent only a part of the in­ tion to keep our tourists in, or to put hin­ highways? creased awareness by state government of the derances in the way of freedom of move­ It is a fact that in railroading, the high­ need for action on its own part. ment. way grade crossing presents the greatest dan­ The Advisory Commission's Report, how­ ger to operating employees. The number of ever, made recommendations not only to The following January, President unguarded or inadequately guarded grade state governments, but also to all segments J,ohnson announced plans for a travel crossings is a matter Qf great concern to of American society. In fact, it can safely be tax, cutbacks in tourism by Americans. state public utility commissions and to the said that state government action, if it exists This administration has consistently Department of Transportation. Seldom does alone in a vacuum of unconcern and uninter­ misled the American people about the a month pass without a report coming to my est on the part of other Americans, would course of the war in Vietnam. Once more, office of a highway grade crossing accident be virtually valueless in creating the desired and usually the accident involves a truck conditions of justice and equal opportunity the Democratic nominee is putting forth that cannot negotiate a grade crossing in that all Americans wish to see in their coun­ promises to bring home some of the front o! an oncoming locomotive. The re­ try. What is needed is a national commit­ troops at an early date. No one believes sults are disastrous especially when the ment to the goals, ideas, and rec~enda­ it, not even L.B.J., by all appearances. trucks involved are loaded tractor-tra.tlers, tions of the Advisory Commission. Nor is Congress spared the loss of cement trucks and gasoline trucks. The en­ The Report contains useful guidelines for faith in its integrity and performance. gineer is without protection. He cannot avoid 27072 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 the colllsion. The improvement of highway scoring the tying and winning runs with of societies alien to a free world, and bent on grade crossing protection has been a high only two outs remaining in the last of destroying our liberties. priority program of the BLE. the ninth. There is more than just paying lip service The passage of S. 2658 would increase the Sitting in the stands, appropriately, to the greatness of the U.S. Constitution to­ dangers which already beset engineers and all day. We must be willing to defend it, and operating employees at highway grade cross­ was Dizzy Dean, the great star pitcher of the Flag, come hell or high water, or to the ings. There is no question that the longer the St. Louis Cardinals of 1934-who not death, for by it, we have been permitted to trucks with heavier loads require more time only was the last pitcher to win 30 games breathe and enjoy the comforts of a free-life to clear a highway grade crossing. Thus, in one season, but also went on to team under the foresightedness of men like Wash­ with the increase in the speed of freight up with his brother, Paul, in a World ington, Jefferson, Franklin, Hamilton, Han­ trains, the dangers are obvious. Many grade Series with the Tigers of 1934. This year cock, and Albert Mason, the forgotten man crossings are located on grades which re­ it will be these same two teams who will of the Constitutional Convention, who au­ quire trucks to proceed in their lowest gear. thored the Bill of Rights. Many grade crossings provide only limited vie for the championship except that De­ visibility of the railroad tracks for the users troit will have Denny McLain on the of the highways. The terrain of the grade mound. crossing, the limited visibility at grade cross­ Denny has been paid the highest of ings, the increased speed of trains and the compliments by many of today's super­ PRAYER IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS use of large trucks on the highways are, at stars and some from the past. They the present time, the elements of an already marvel at his unshakable confidence and dangerous situation and a situation where HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK his insatiable ambition; are impressed by OF OHIO the dangers would be compounded by the his arsenal of pitches and his varied de­ presence of the longer and heavier trucks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES envisioned in S. 2658. livery and are shaken by his brashness. The BLE would also add its collective All agree that he is something special. Monday, September 16, 1968 voice to that of the American Automobile The 24-year-old small-town boy who Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker these­ Association, many newspaper editorials, has become an instant success not only nior Senator from Illinois [M~. DIRK­ many state highway departments, the United in Detroit, but all across this baseball­ SEN] has brought to the attention of the States Conference of Mayors, and many conscious land is also an accomplished others who have publicly asked the defeat people of this area, and indeed, the whole organist. He was mixing organ lessons Nation, an important part of Congress' of S. 2658. To pass this bill for the benefit with his pitching when he was eight. If of the American Trucking Association would unfinished business. be sacrificing the safety of the drivers and his musical talent has kept pace with his This business is that of allowing passengers of 80,000,000 passenger cars. The baseball progress, Denny will soon be the prayer in our public schools. bill would benefit the few truckers to the world's premier organist. In an article in the Washington Daily detriment of the public. It seems appropri­ So today, Mr. Speaker, while Michi­ News of August 28, Senator DIRKSEN ate to look at the death count on our Na­ ganders hail Denny McLain on his great points out: tion's highways during the past Labor Day achievement, and look forward to an­ Weekend. Over 650 people were killed on our other great World Series, I join in echo­ The Supreme Court has never clarified its roads during that weekend, a meaningless ing the inspirational phrase "Sock it to position on the matter of voluntary prayer slaughter. But passage of S. 2658 would only in public schools. increase the already appalling number of in­ 'em Tigers." juries and fatalities on our Nation's high­ And he rightly adds that- ways. The answer, the real answer, is a consti­ The adoption of S. 2658 is clearly against tutional amendment. the public interest. In addition to the fatali­ CONSTITUTION WEEK, SEPTEMBER ties and injuries which would result from 17 TO 23 This is the unfinished business of both the use of "truck trains", there is a serious the Congress and of the people. And I question as to whether highways and bridges continue my full support for the adoption of this Nation could withstand the weight HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER of such an amendment. of these behemoths. The result of the use of OF OHIO I pla:ce in the RECORD, at this point, these trucks will be shorter lives for old the article from "A Senator's Notebook": pavements and bridges and much higher re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pair and replacement costs for the ordinary Monday, September 16, 1968 PRAYER IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS motorist and taxpayers to bear. (By EVERETT M. DIRKSEN) The dangers that could result from the Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, to­ While the nation waits and wonders how passage of S. 2658 are evident. One need only morrow is the beginning of Constitution the delegates in Chicago will solve the prob­ recall the tragedy of approximately nine Week, set aside to honor the Constitu­ lems of Hubert Humphrey and Eugene Mc­ months ago when the Silver Bridge connect­ tion of the United States. Carthy, this is perhaps a timely moment to ing Ohio and West Virginia over the Ohio An excellent editorial in the LanGaster, discuss the question of prayer. River collapsed under the weight of rush Ohio, Eagle-Gazette of Saturday, Sep­ I refer to the sad question of prayer in hour traffic causing the death of more than tember 14, 1968, discussed this observ­ American schools. 100 persons. With the use of the huge ance and the Constitution. I would like There are a great many contradictions in "truck train", one cannot imagine the latent this country, and some of them don't make and patent dangers created by old pavement to insert that editorial in the RECORD at sense. The matter of prohibiting a prayer and outdated bridges. The passage of S. this point: time for children in our public schools is 2658 is not in the public interest. CONSTITUTION WEEK, SEPTEMBER 17 TO 23 one of them. If you look at the' facts, they The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers U.S. Constitution week is being observed . Will surprise you, and you may agree that strenuously urges the defeat of S. 2658 in from Sept. 17 to Sept. 23 in this community what the Un1ted States needs is a constitu­ the interest of safe railroading and safe mo­ and across the nation, and tried and true tional amendment that will once again per­ toring. Americans are urged to re-affirm at this time mit children in our public schools to voice their belief in this precious document con­ out loud the prayers that may be in their tain1ng the Bill of Rights--the keystone of hearts. We intend to introduce such an SOCK IT TO 'EM TIGERS our freedoms in the midst of civil strife at amendment when Congress reconvenes next home and war abroad. month. The Constitution is still under attack from When the U.S. Senate convenes-usually HON. JACK H. McDONALD various groups in the nation because of con­ every day-the president pro tempore calls fusion and defin1tive conflicts of the human it to order and then says: "The chaplain OF MICHIGAN liberties it sets forth. Beyond our shores, the will lead in prayer." When the House of Rep­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pact is also being challenged as to its force­ resentatives convenes, the speaker gavels for Monday, September 16, 1968 fulness, endurance, purpose and meaning. order and then says: "The chaplain will offer The Constitution requires zealous alle­ prayer." Mr. McDONALD of Michigan. Mr. giance from all American citizens for it has You see, it is perfectly all right for sena­ Speaker, the tempo of the 1968 baseball not and cannot be equalled or surpassed in tors and congressmen, and even poll tical season reached its peak Saturday with forthrightness and in defending the dignity conventions, to pray out loud in a public the amazing f ete of Denny McLain of the of the individual. building or to listen to prayer led by a clergy­ Detroit Tigers winning his 30th game. We live in different times today as did our man. forebearers, and as our successors will also do. Midway between the House and the Sen­ Denny reached this milestone that has The Constitution with its time-tested ap­ ate is a small, beautiful room with an altar. eluded such greats as Bob Feller and purtenances, (amendments) m:ust be upheld It is the Prayer Room of the Capitol. There, Sandy Koufax in a style that has marked at the cost of our lives, if we as Americans any member of either body of Congress, or many of the Tigers' victories this year- are to survive and turn back the onslaughts a visitor to the Capitol, may go in and in September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27073 the cloistered silence pray as he pleases to sparked by the energy, ideas, ambition, Forum, Inc., has demonstrated remarkable his God. and administrative skill of Mrs. Mattie success in organizing and developing Block Those prayers take place in a public forum Clubs to spread the gospel of goOd American supported entirely by public funds. The two Coney, recently celebrated its fourth Citizenship. regular chaplains are paid from public funds. anniversary. It was an honor and a By mid-1968 there were more than 768 But there is a ruling that prohibits prayers privilege for me to be present at the active Block Clubs in Indianapolis, Indiana­ by and for children in public schools. fourth anniversary banquet held in In­ some in all-white neighborhoods, many in On every U.S. vessel of any consequence dianapolis on September 8, 1968. The integrated areas, others in all-negro sections. there is a facility for prayer and a chaplain forum's accomplishments over the years Participation and membership in Citizens' to conduct it. In Vietnam there are religious constitute a ray of hope, light, and opti­ Forum and its activities ar-e open to all­ services and prayer and military service mism in what is otherwise a frequently there are no boundaries based on race, creed chaplains to conduct them. or status-no "rich", no "middle class" or But there are no prayers in our public gloomy picture of the future of Ameri­ "poor" classification. schools. can cities. There is only the requirement of· a desire During every recent year in this country Just what has Citizens' Forum done, f,or improvement, and. everyone is· urged to there were probably 20,000 or more public and what has been the secret of its become involved. meetings-dinners, social events, economic success? Financial support is provided by a small meetings, political or religious affairs. At most Substantial sections of Indianapolis, grant from the Lilly Endowment, Inc., aids of those meetings, the Pledge of Allegiance as is the case in every large city in the from numerous business and industry sources to the Flag was followed by the invocation. country, had been deteriorating. Once­ contributions, and annual $1.00 membership Why aren't there prayers in public schools dues. as well as in other public places? You may beautiful communities had turned into Advice, guidance, and personal assistance recall why. slums. Many have noted this with much are provided by leading citizens in all walks In 1964 the board of regents of the state concern, but most expected someone of life. A roster of those involved reads like of New York caused a prayer to be composed else--principally the Federal Govern­ a "Who's Who" cross section of Indianapolis for use in all New York public schools. Cer­ ment-to do something about it, and personalities. tain citizens went to court to protest the turn the areas into utopias. Much of the success of the Citizens' Forum prayer and its use as a violation of Article I effort must be credited to the favorable at­ of the Constitution, which recites that Con­ Well, the United States did not be­ come the great country it is by its citi­ tention and coverage granted by local and gress shall make no law respecting the estab­ national mass media of newspapers, radio, lishment of religion or the free exercise zens waiting around m:itil someone did magazines, and television. News coverage and thereof. their work for them. Mrs. Mattie Coney, editorial endorsement have been most note­ When the case reached the U.S. Supreme who taught school in Indianapolis slum­ worthy, affording a positive accent in a time Court, Justice Hugo Black wrote the decision area schools for 30 years, became greatly of adverse news and conflicting ideologies. that said the action of the New York board of regents, in arranging for prayer in schools disturbed by what she saw as deteriora­ THE FOUNDER violated the Constitution because the board tion in the areas of self-respect and Mrs. Elmo Coney, best known _as Mattie was an official state body. responsibility. What was planned ba­ Rice Coney, was an Indianapolis school There came another case. It was styled sically in 1964 as an educational program teacher in slum-area schools for 30 years. "Stein v. Oshinsky." The parents of 21 chil­ to encourage good citizenship, individual Disturbed by deteriorating tendencies in dren of differing faiths asked the U.S. district responsibility, self-improvement, sim­ the areas of self-respect and responslbility, court in New York to pass upon their peti­ plicity, truth and Americanism has now she decided a determined coordinating effort tion to permit "voluntary prayer" in the become one of the most powerful and was needed for recovery of order and purpose schools. The district court supported the view in schools and the emphasis of personal re­ of the parents. But the court of appeals re­ effective civic action groups in Indian­ spect for law and order, courtesy, truthful­ versed the opinion, and when the parents apolis. ness, punctuality, cleanliness, neatness, and petitioned the Supreme Court to order the The Citizens' Forum has already or­ good conduct. · · lower court to send up a certified record for ganized almost 800 blocks in the city. Citizens' Forum, Inc., became the fruition review, the Supreme Court refused and so the Each one works to clean up dirt and filth, of Mattie Coney's determination. door of further appeal on the matter was removing trash, everyone working to­ Her efforts are constantly coordinated and closed. gether for a better and cleaner neighbor­ implemented by her husband, Elmo Goney, The decision of the appeals court whlch a former teacher and business man. had ruled voluntary prayer in schools was not hood. Better and cleaner not only mate­ legal was permitted to stand. The parents rially, but in building better citizen·ship ACCOMPLISHMENTS were out of court. They were finished. What and a stronger community spirit, some Massive cleanup campaigns in Indianapolis it meant was that a teacher who conducted blocks are· all colored, some all white, have removed astronomical quantities of or permitted prayer of a purely voluntary, and many integrated. The goal is the · trash from that city's yard and streets. nondenominational character would soon same for all: work together, for a better In 1966 more than 42,000 tons were col­ hear from the principal or superintendent. lected in 26 days. In excess of 180,000 tons · The Supreme Court has never clarified its neighborhood and city, and better un- . were removed in 28 days of 1967, position on the matter of voluntary prayer derstanding of the problems, rights and The 1968 campaign in Indianapolis far in public schools. characters of their neighbors. surpassed any previous effort. Continuing in­ It's all right for Americans to sing patriotic The secret of their success is amazing­ terest and response forced one postponement songs that invoke God's grace. It's all right ly simple, and here it is, as it was ex- after another of projected termination dates. for the time being to sing Christmas carols pressed by Mrs. Coney: · The ideal of a never-ending, accelerating in public, but the extremists and atheists cleanup effort began, in 1968, to approach a.re looking hard at school programs where The bad people got together long ago. It's actual reality. God and Christ are glorified in accompanying time for the good people to get together. The Freedoms Foundation, Valley Forge. music. And get together they did, with out­ Pennsylvania, announced plans in 1968 for '8. There is much evidence that the people of standing, sterling results that make Citi­ national "Cleanup America" movement, the country want prayer in public schools. based on the success of the Citizens' Forum A national poll discovered that more than zens' Forum something to be imitated by program in Indianapolis. every urban community in the United 80 percent declared themsdves in favor. AWARDS But the Supreme Court has the door closed. States. The following tells the story of The answer, the real answer, is a constitu­ the forum itself, in the forum's own National Award from the Freedoms Foun­ tional amendment. dation at Valley Forge, Pa., in 1966. words and in stories and editorial com­ Special . in U.S. News & World Re­ ment from the Indianapolis Star and port of March 27, 1967. Indianapolis News: Salutes and special re9ognitions from INDIANAPOLIS CITIZENS ·FORUM THIS Is CITIZENS' FORUM, !NC. President L. B. Johnson, Lady Bird, many OBSERVES FOURTH ANNIVER­ Citiz-ens' Forum, Inc., came into an action Congressmen, and Dwight D. Eisenhower. . SARY-IS HAILED BY COMMUNITY filled existence in 1964, planned basically as ·Countless invitations to address civic an educational program to encourage good groups in all sections of the country. citizenship, individual re.sponsibility, self-im­ At the request of General Eisenhower, HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY provi;iment, simplicity, truth, and American­ Honorary President of the Freedoms. Foun­ OF INDIANA ism. dation, the Presidents of over 500 organiza-. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is bi-racial, inter-faith, non-political in tions with "positive" programs gathered· at: c~aracter-aims to work for the of all. Gettysburg, Pa., to lay the groundwork for­ Monday, September 16, 1968 As a coordinating force for effectively uti­ a re-dedication of the nation's founding Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, the Indian­ lizing the efforts of established civic organi­ principles on the Country's 200th Anniver­ apolis Citizens' Forum, created and zations and health agencies, Citizens' sary. Mattie Coney was the featured speaker. CXIV--1706-Part 20 270.74 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968_

· "MA'l"l'IEISMS" TEN POINTS your nominations to Freedoms Foundation at. (NoTE.-The spirit and philosophy of the . To respe,ct and maintain the beauty and Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Citizens' Forum concept is best appreciated the dignity of our block/area and to main­ Support Freedoms Foundation at Valley through the straight-from-the shoulder ex­ tain the spirit of good neighborliness 365 Forge_and help insure our legacy of Freedom pressions of the plain speaking Hoosier, Mat­ days of the year, we shall: for future generations. tie Coney. Some of the "Mattieisms" for 1. Keep our homes and property in good which she is best known are included here.) trim and repair. [From the Indianapolis (Ind.) News, It will take more than legal equality to 2. Keep our. property and streets free of Sept. 3, 1968] solve civil rights problems. The right­ litter and leaves. BUILDING NEIGHBORHOODS: CITIZENS FORUM thinking Negro wants to get down off the 3. Keep trash cans out of sigh~ except at MARKS ANNIVERSARY white man's lap and walk like a man. You pick-up time. (By Ross Hermann) can't act like an inferior and then demand 4. Remove snow promptly. respect as an equal. 5. Avoid excessive car washing or making The Indianapolis Citizens Forum, an ex­ Bad neighborhoods develop because indi­ major auto repairs on the streets. Refrain periment aimed at improving living condi­ viduals fall. Negroes must change their en­ from leaving trucks on residential streets tions in. the central city, will mark its fourth vironment by their own efforts. If I am a overnight or on weekends. anniversary this Sunday evening. It has much sloppy, dirty, noisy, rowdy neighbor in one 6. Welcome new neighbors. to celebrate. part of town, I will be the same in another 7. Teach our children by example to re­ It began four years ago with a leader well­ neighborhood. You just do not get culture spect the rights, properties, and the privacy equlpped with ideas and energy, Mrs. Mattie on a moving van I of.others. Co~ey, and a small grant from the L111y I am very much alarmed about the lack 8. Discourage our children from congregat­ Endowment. It has become in that short time of teaching in our schools of courtesy, dis­ ing on street corners by providing them with a community-wide organization with an im­ cipline, punctuality, and truthfulness. supervised activities, either in the home or pressive record of accomplishment. I wish schools would teach that freedom community and church centers. Many of the people on its roster of mem­ ls not free. You work at it from the time you 9. Train our children not to mar the beauty bers and friends wm gather at Stouffer's Inn are born until the time you die. Our schools and disturb the tranquility of our neighbor­ Sunday to celebrate the anniversary and hear must teach that someone must pay the bill hood. the noted author and editor, Dr. Russell Kirk. for everything. 10. Recognize that in order to enjoy the The idea behind the Citizens Forum wa.q The idea of expecting a "Great White privileges of a good community we must all simple, which perhaps accounts for its SUC·· Father" to hand one something for nothing assume the same obligations to it. cess. The people themselves would be directly is an economic lmposslbllity and has created "A good city begins with you!" Be respon­ involved in improving their environment. a class of irresponsible welfare slaves. sible! Government officials have talked about doing We must get rid of the idea tllat all one BLOCK CLUBS it for years. The Citizens Forum, relying only needs ls to satisfy one's gullet, get drunk, on private money and the energy of self­ From a directive of the Indianapolis Citi­ starters, has done it. have children, and throw them out into the zens' Forum, Inc.: community and someone wlll care for them. The prevailing attitude has been: "Don't "Ours is primarily an educational program. wait for .the city or Federal government to do I'm not so much interested in one's having "Good citizenship and individual respon­ a Master's Degree as in one being able to it. Do it yourself." sibility for neighborhood standards of good The basic unit of organization is the neigh­ put in a good honest day's work for a good conduct are encouraged. day's pay-to have some pride and dignity in borhood block club which, once formed, be­ "A really fine city must be safe, healthfUl, comes self-governing. It relies upon the good work which he can do. and an enjoyable place in which to live-­ I am interested in children learning to de­ instincts of the people and seeks to reinforce throughout all its neighborhoods, among its their values with organization. What begins velop their potential and recognize their homes, streets, and playgrounds of everyday limitations. We a.re not all equal because we life. to emerge is a functioning neighborhood weren't all cut out of the same cookie cutter. where only isolated individuals lived before. "You and your neighbors can join in mak­ Mrs. Coney expresses the purpose this way: Abllity has nothing to do with race. ing some of the necessary improvements For the first time in history man has found around your own homes. Only with such "The bad people got together long ago. It's the power to destroy himself. We are bound continuous neighborly help can ours become time for the good peol)le to get together." together but we don't know how to live to­ .a better, finer city for all of us. The process of building "neighborly neigh­ gether. We know haw to get ourselves to the "A Block Club within your neighborhood borhoods," as Mrs. Coney calls them, ls slow Moon, but we don't know how to get along and tedious, but considerable progress ls al­ is a sound approach to making improve­ ready apparent. Active block clubs associated one wl th another I ments, wm help you and your frl.ends in 3 (NOTE.-Mattie was asked about the Black ways: with the Citizens Forum number more than 750. Power fanatic who had declared: "Mattie's "1. You and your neighbors can get to­ Of their total membership, which fluc­ kind of program is going to take us a long gether to decide what should be done in tuates according to attendance, 1,100 people are also dues-paying members of the Citizens time to get what we want.and we won't we.it your block. , Fdrum directly. any longer!" Mattie's reply follows.) "2. You wm all be able to do things to­ I have no sympathy for Negroes who wal­ gether that no one alone could do. A recent addition to the list ls an active low in self-pity, or those with a chip on their "3. There wm be created a new feeling of block club in the Purdue-Fall Creek area shoulder-those who would rather loot and friendliness in your neighborhood. which has begun surveying the neighborhood ha,te than work and help. "Block Clubs work like regular organiza­ for sanitary code violations. Mrs. Cora Balch, tions with stated meetings, officers, and a set organizer of the new Purdue-Fall Creek As­ Some of these young revolutionaries are sociation, notes:· "Any neighborhood can be­ not qualified for honest work-if they think program of projects for improvement. "The Clubs are independent in name, offi­ gin to depreciate if there ls just one care­ they can get it by whooping, hollering, and less person in the area. A block club can be a lying down in the streets. cers and in projects. They opeTate through­ out the year. real deterrent." No one ls so underprivileged that he ca,n­ The accomplishments of the Citizens not keep clean. No one ls so impoverished "We request they accept our "10 Points" of Positive Action. We are not milltant-we Forum and its affiliates are a matter of rec­ that he can't be considerate of others who ord. For example: live in the.same conditions 1n which he lives. dQ not demonstrate. We disseminate infor­ mation City-Wide to everyone, free." Last spring the Citizens Forum conducted The biggest drug on our market today ls its third annual city-wide clean-up drive the plll of apathy. We need leaders who are AWARDS PROGRAM which collected more than 180,000 tons of w1lling to accept respons1b111ty of leadership Employing the free enterprise principle of debris from alleys and backyards. Inspection in their families, their communities, and in incentive and reward, Freedoms Foundation shows that in most cases they stay clean. The their natlon. utlllzes an Annual Awards Program to en­ pride generated by doing the work becomes Our goal 1s liberty. Our model ls our pa­ courage and stimulate activities that increase a permanent force in the neighborhood. triots. Our strength ls the United States Con­ understanding and appreciation of the free­ A "bloom-in" sponsored this summer dis­ stitution. our heirs are our youth, America's doms embodied in our way of life and the tributed plants and flowers to brighten cen­ greatest potential. responslblllties we must assume as citizens of tral-city neighborhoods and encourage gar­ America-your America and my Amerioa-­ the United States. dening as a hobby. More than 1,000 people is the last great strength and hope that is Freedoms Foundation urges all Americans are known to have participated. One of its working for the freedoms and dignity of the to: promoters was Mrs. Novella Dickens, and avid individual. Appreciate the American Way of Life and gardener and organizer of the Dexter Street I believe in America I "speak up for America" at every opportunity. Block Club, which is attempting to hold There is no other country that can ap­ Become informed on the Communist con­ the line against deterioration in that west­ proach it in offering hope for peace and spiracy and oppose it. side neighborhood. brotherhood, the realization of dignity for Nominate any constructive work which in­ "Noticing our own block has slipped a the individual, the fulfillment of a God-like creases an understanding of the American bit," she says, "I agreed with the Citizens heritage for all I Way for a Freedoms Foundation Award. Send Forum philosophy and decided we could do Septembe-r 16, . 1968 EXTENSIONS OF.' REMARKS . 27075 with a block club. The club is trying to stim­ Fifty-eight block clubs take part in the executive director, Mrs. Elmo Ooney-better ulate an awareness of natural beauty and forum's program. known as Mattie. cleanliness . . ." Citizens Forum officials announced that a As she is quick to point out, the real A citizenship program conducted through meeting with public school principals and foundation of the Forum is people. By hun­ the schools, the PTA, and women's clubs Pa.rent Teacher Association representatives dreds and thousands they have become in­ brings the message of freedom with responsi­ will be held at 7:30 p.m. Oct. 10 at Grace volved. They have talked and enthused and bility to school children. Methodist Church. involved other groups and organizations, and A speakers bureau spreads the gospel of most importantly they have gone to work self-help and individual responsibility. One [From the Indianapolis (Ind.) News, against blight and ugliness. of its newest members is Mrs. Savannah Sept. 9, 1968] This was evident in the long list o! indi­ viduals and organizations to whom awards Cureton, an articulate spoke1aman for racial CITIZENS FORUM Is HAILED harmony. She asserts that: "Two wrongs and recognition were given at the banquet. Nearly 500 members of Citizens Forum Here is a forum in the fullest sense of the don't make a right. For too long the good, Inc. and their guests last night heard Mayor decent people have sat back and let it hap­ word. It is an instrument through which Richard G. Lugar and other officials praise problems are discussed, solutions are found pen. We should do something for the nation the organization. rather than tear it down ..." and things are accomplished for the good of At the group's annual recognition banquet all. Through neighborhood surveillance, the in Stouffer's Inn, Mayor Lugar said that block clubs are a recognized factor in com­ "through Citizens Forum, local government batting crime. [From the Indianapolis (Ind.) News, has come to its sense of responsibility." Sept. 13, 1968) The accomplishment of which the Citizens In lauding the confederation of 58 block Forum is most proud is its abillty to bring clubs founded four years ago by Mrs. Elmo DOUBLE MESSAGE together people of differen~ racia.I and social Coney, Lugar also pointed to Citizens Forum The recent recognition banquet staged by backgrounds for a constructive purpose. It as the inspiration for intensified trash pick­ Citizens Forum was a heartening civic event is a demonstration that less divides the up programs in Indianapolis and his ad­ on two separate counts. people of America than her foteign and ministration's Upswing 68 summer recrea- In the first instance, the banquet honored domestic enemies suppose. tion program. · the work of Indianapolis residents who have Other guests who commended the group labored so long to make the Forum a suc­ (From the Indianapolis (Ind.) Star, Sept. 9, were: · cess. It celebrated the establishment of no 1968) Municipal Court Judge William T. Sharp. less than 792 block clubs aimed at cleaning CITIZENS FORUM'S EFFORTS CITED FOR Dr. Henry G. Nester, Marion County health up our city and making it a better place to IMPROVING NEIGHBORHOODS director. live. Citizens Forum Inc. last night received Police Lt. Chester Coates. In the second instance, the banqueters strong praise for its neighborhood improve­ Harold E. Bean Jr., Indianapolis Works heard an excellent address by Dr. Russeli ment efforts from leaders in the fields of Board executive secretary. Kirk, the noted author and syndicated col­ public service, law enforcement and health. Russell Kirk, nationally syndicated news­ umnist, on the fallacies of "urban renewal." "Through Citizens Forum, local govern­ paper columnist. Since Indianapolis is now hovering on the ment has come to its sense of responsibility," Awards also were presented to block club brink of several "urban renewal" projects, Mayor Richard G. Lugar said at the group's leaders and to contributors to the neighbor­ Dr. Kirk's discussion of the dangers involved annual recognition banquet in Stouffer's Inn. hood improvement organization. in these prograinS was very timely. The racially mixed crowd of · almost 500 Officials announced at the banquet that a The two themes of the evening merged in Citizens Forum members and guests also meeting with public school principals and Dr. Kirk's conclusion: That the true renewal heard tributes from nationally syndicated Parent-Teacher Association representatives of community life in Indianapolis or any columnist, Russell Kirk; Municipal Court will be held at 7:30 p.m. Oct. 10 at Grace other American city cannot come through the Judge William T. Sharp; Dr. Henry G. Nes­ Methodist Church, 4110 E. New York. top-down efforts of government compul­ ter, Marion County health director; Police sion. It can come instead only through the Lt. Chester Coates and Harold E. Bean Jr., (From the Indianapolis (Ind.} Star, dedicated efforts of individual citizens, Indianapolis Board of Works executive sec­ Sept. 10, 1968] working at the task of being better neigh­ bors, concerned to keep their city clean and retary. A WORKING FORUM Lugar also credited Cltizens Forum with liveable for everyone. providing the inspiration for the city's heavy A first thought might be that the Citizens Voluntary action of this sort is precisely trash pick-up and Upswing 68 summer rec­ Fo.rum of Indianapolis is rather misnamed, the objective of Citizens Forum, and the reation program. as the word "forum" has come to suggest strides it has made under the leadership of Mrs. Elmo Coney, a former schoolteacher most commonly a place for talk, for expres­ Mr. and Mrs. Elmo Coney are wonderful to who founded the forum's block club project sion of opinions. behold. They and the hundreds of Indian­ four years ago, was lauded by Lugar, Kirk and It is a more accurate second thought that apolis residents who work with them have Bean. the Citirens Forum is rejuvenating-'-along provided a working example of American Bean directed this summer's expanded with a great deal of Indianapolis-the origi­ citizenship, and Hoosier citizenship, at its trash collection program. nal meaning of that word in its name. The finest. As the main speaker, Kirk said, "although anci-ent Roman FOrum, from which the word Both sides of the story were presented at it is rather a foolish idea. to talk about comes, was much more than a place .of open the recognition banquet: The dangers of abolishing poverty," great strides can be discussion-it was the place where the pub­ coercive planning that shoves people around; taken through common co-operation and lic's business was accomplished. the benefi.ts of voluntary action that gets volunteer action. The Citizens Forum does indeed provide people to work together. In Indianapolis as Kirk, whose column appears in The In­ not Just one but many places for discussion elsewhere in America, we need less of the dianapolis Star, cited personal and social of neighborhood. and oommunity problems. first and more of the second. attention rather than political programs are That was wonderfully lllustrated in the an­ necessary to fight urban blight. nual recognition banquet Sunday evening. "Our great work of restoration is to first It also gets things done. Oleanup cam­ restore order in the person, then in the com­ paigns have removed literally hundreds of munity, and only then to fight poverty," thousands of tons of trash from Indianapolis DMSO-AN END TO PERSECUTION? Kirk said. yards and streets. In countless neighborhoods Often, Kirk charged, government pro­ and thousands of individual homes a new grams are not a result of consultation with spark of pride in appearance has been struck. HON. WENDELL WYATT residents involved in the programs. By blocks and streets and groups c.f blocks OF OREGON people have been inspired to band together "Urban renewal has been one of the most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disastrous failures of recent times," the to make a cleaner, neater, brighter and better writer and lecturer said. community. Monday, September 16, 1968 Kirk illustrated his criticism of govern­ The influence of this example of the ef­ ment programs and the problems of the up­ fectiveness of neighborhood effort has spread Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, has the rooted with his personal knowledge of the afar. The Freedoms Foundation at Valley Food and Drug Administration's perse­ Corktown area of Detroit, Mich. Forge, Pa., earlier this year announced plans cution of the drug DMSO-dimethyl sulf­ Lt. Coates of the Indianapolis 'Police and for a "Cleanup America" movement, inspired oxide-at last come to an end? It would Dr. Nester spoke of the co-operation of Foun­ by and based on the success of the Citizens appear so. dation, Valley Forge, Pa., as a leader in the Forum in Indianapolis. At the Sunday ban­ Early this week the FDA issued new community their agencies with Citizens quet it was announced that Sertoma Inter­ Forum. national has decided to take up the move­ regulations on the clinical testing of this Awards were pre6ented to block club lead­ ment as an organization program. potential wonder drug. These regula- ers and contributors to the forum. Much of the credit for achievements of the tions eliminate many of the restrictions Citizens Forum has received a.wards from Citizens Forum is rightly attributed to the previously hampering the testing of the Freedom organization of block clubs. energy and infectious enthusiasm of its DMSO, especially in the case of short- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 term testing. Further, the new order which this drug has come has raised seri..; in the Charter crucial to the existence and points the way to eventual prescription ous questions in my mind as to evalua­ growth of the United Nations. We shall op­ availability of this medicine. tion procedures for all new drugs. I in­ pose any attempt which seeks to weaken the powers of this office. The new Food and Drug Administra­ tend to pursue this matter further, and, We fully support a United Nations police tion Commissioner Herbert L. Ley, Jr., of course, hope to work with and have force as one of the important contributions states that "tests with human volunteers the cooperation of the FDA in efforts to to peacekeeping in the world. The peace· have now established that short-term use alleviate this situation. keeping forces of the United Nations must of DMSO is reasonably safe." The new be supported financially by all members of FDA policy permits short-term-14 days the UN and this support must be obligatory. or less-studies with DMSO in treating II, NUCLEAR TESTING AND DISARMAMENT such conditions as arthritis, bursitis, and AMERICAN VETERANS COMMITTEE Complete elimination of nuclear weapons other muscle, ligament, and joint inflam­ DECLARES MAINTENANCE OF testing should be the goal of American for­ mations through topical applications. It PEACE SHOULD BE U.S. GOAL eign policy. Our world finds itself in the removes much of the paperwork previ­ unique and unenviable position where one ously holding up clinical testing of the generation can make life on earth unlivable drug. HON. HENRY S. REUSS for another generation. Under the new regulations a patient OF WISCONSIN The United States, as the foremost nuclear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES J>?Wer, must take the lead in bringing the who feels that his case requires the use other nucle,ar powers-Britain, France, the of DMSO or a doctor who feels that this Monday, September 16, 1968 Soviet Union, and Communist China-to­ drug is necessary to the treatment of his Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, "to achieve gether in good faith in efforts to reach agree­ patient may follow one of two procedures. ment for cessation of nuclear weapons tests. First. The doctor may file an abbrevi­ a more democratic and prosperous Complete and · total disarmament is the ated investigational new drug exemption America and a more stable world" has ultimate summum bonum, but this ls an ob­ with the FDA setting forth protocols for long been the goal of the American Vet­ jective remote in time and immediate his test program with a patient. He no erans Committee. During its recent con­ achievement is not feasible. Efforts toward longer must have prior FDA approval vention, the AVC adopted an interna­ that goal, nonetheless should be made by the of the application before undertaking the tional affairs platform and resolutions United States and should be encouraged in study. In his application he must indi­ on Vietnam and the Middle East which other nations. Mankind can never reach its I commend to my cqlleagues: true destiny if it must continue to allocate cate the source from which he is getting so high a percentage of its resources to forge DMSO to assure the FDA that it is phar­ !NTERI:il"ATIONAL., AFFAIRS the weapons of war. maceutical grade. He is, in this case, re­ We the members of the American Veterans Ill. THE UNITED ,STATES AND ITS ALLIES sponsible for furnishing this drug to his Committee, believe that in international af­ patient. Two drug firms are now supply­ fairs the objective of the United States is Inevitably differences will arise between the maintenance of peace. All else aside, the the United States and its Allies, but these ing pharmaceutical-grade DMSO, and are differences which can be resolved around are listed below. world must avoid the halocaust of nuclear war. Within that framework our foreign the conference table. In its negotiations the Second. Or the doctor may oontact policy, like our domestic' policy, must be United States should seek no more than the one of the two drug firms listed below oriented to enhance the welfare of the in- · rights and privileges of a willing partner. who have already filed investigational divict'ua.l, be he black, white, brown, or yel­ The North Atlantic Treaty Organization new drug exemptions with the FDA for low, so that he may eat and sleep in safety, was formed in a world considerably different live his life under government of his choice from the world of today. It is time for the DMSO, and ask to participate in their NATO Nations to reassess the objectives and clinical testing program as an investiga­ and realize to the fullest extent possible the measure of his aspirations. reformulate the NATO role. Its continued or­ tor. In this case the ·doctor acts as the ganization and operation should reflect its investigator for the drug company, and I. THE UNITED NATIONS ·AND WORLD changing purpose. his testing program must coincide with GOVERNMENT In Latin America, the United States has thefrs. Only the progressive' subordination of na­ uneasy allies, but allies nonetheless. We must The proposed studies must provide for tional sovereignty to a democratic world gov­ bend every effort to erase the image of the pretreatment liver function studies and ernme:rtt operating under and implementing United States as a prosperous, patronizing, world law· can ultimately and permanently and paternalistic benefactor. It should be a complete blood count-CBC-to be re­ eliminate the heavy burdens of national the objective of the ,United States foreign peated within 7 days after commencing armaments and the scourge of international policy to create instead an image of a United treatment and at the conclusion of the warfare, and permit the full development of States that wants to be a. good partner, as study. human freedom. Because of its successful well as a good neighbor, in helping the peo­ In both the above cases the patient experience with federalism, its worldwide ples of Latin America work out their own or patients must also file papers explain­ position of material and moral strength and destinies. ing that they have been advised of pos-· its desire for peace, the United States, by The United States should, at every tum, sible effects of the drug. New FDA regu­ precept and example, should take the lead in encourage the United Nations or the Organ­ promoting the ultimate subordination of ization of American States to be the forum lations for short-term testing have national authority to that of the United Na­ in which to resolve differences and disagree­ greatly decreas~d the amount of paper­ tions on a. progressive basis that will en­ ments among or with our La.tin American work required for a doctor interested in hance our freedom and well-being. Recogni­ neighbors. We must show by word and deed testing this drug. tion of the rule of law in international rela­ that we have no desire to impose our own Two :flrms are currently supplying tions where such law presently exists, by form of government or way of life upon any pharmaceutical grade DMSO and are prompt ,repeal of the Connally reservation country of Latin America. At the same time conducting clinical investigations of its would be one such step. we must make it clear that we will honor a We believe that there must be an accelera­ call for help by any Latin American country medical efficacy. These are E. R. Squibb tion of progress of the ratification of the in­ whose existence and destiny is being threat­ Co., 745 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. ternational, human rights agreement by the ened by external foreign directed activity. 10022; Syntex Laboratories, Inc., 3501 United States and other member nations of Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, Calif., 94304. the United Nations and a greater assertion IV. THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD The Food and Drug Administration of leadership by the United States in the The twentieth century is the era of the under no circumstances provides the United Nations in furtherance of the work of new nations of Africa and of Asia. The United the United Nations Commission on Human States must stand ready to help those na­ drug to patients or physicians. Rights. tions and .peoples, if they seek our help, It is hopeful that, under the new reg­ The ,united Nations cont1riues to be man's to establish their way .of · life and ·direct ulations, DMSO may now receive the best hope for peace and support of the their own destinies. fair treatment and testing that has de­ United Nations must be an ~ssential part of The forum of the United Nations must be nied it through 3 years of Food and Drug our foreign policy. We favor encouragement held open to them in their efforts to de­ Administration delay. and aid to the formation of supranational velop responsible independence, and the serv­ It should be noted that the new regu­ authorities of a regional nature and of treaty ices of the specialized agencies should be agreements which'limit the sovereignty of the placed at their behest. lations restore the status of DMSO to participating nations in ' order to secure United .States foreign aid to developing approximately what it was 3 years ago, mutual advantage, suc:ii ·as the European countries should be continued and utilized and for. this action the Food and Drug Common Market, Eura.tom and others. at points· of greatest potential. The Uni~d Administration is to be commended. We regard the integrity and independence States should use its financial and economic However, the bureaucratic maze through of the Secretary General's office as expressed resources to help the people of weak and de- September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27077 veloping nations achieve self government, VIETNAM RESOLUTION September 8, are "alien to the American and should, if requested, provide economic The war in Vietnam is far more than a tradition-a smokescreen behind which help to protect them from engulfment or en­ m111tary struggle taking place in one small politicians hide their animosity toward croachment by foreign powers seeking to im­ distant country. At stake are the peace and the President or their real reasons for pose their own ideologies, disciplines or freedom of the world. The Vietnamese con­ governments. flict-presently confined to one country­ opposing Mr. Fortas." The Peace Corps, since its founding, has could spread to a general Asian war or even The Post editorial Points out that "no ·been an effective ambassador. It should be another world war. Hence, it is in the best President has ever handed a vacancy on continued and expanded. interest of the United States and of world the Supreme Court along to his suc­ Only when asked and only when it is clear peace to settle this conflict under terms that cessor without trying to fill it" and that that armed force is necessary to thwart a will strengthen the basis for peace and free­ "eight of those Presidents made nomi­ takeover by powers inimical to the welfare dom in the world. To settle this conflict, the nations for Supreme Court seats after of a weak and developing nation, should U.S. has three possible courses to follow: the United States furnish military assist­ ( 1) to withdraw unilaterally; the election in which their successor was ance. In these circumstances the United (2) to destroy both the Vietcong and chosen." States should stand ready to give military aid North Vietnam by m111tary action; I support the President's nomina­ to such a country to oppose imposition of an (3) to hold the line in South Vietnam tion of Mr. Fortas, whom I consider a external power, and should make it clear while pursuing a settlement for an enduring thoughtful, wise and articulate jurist. that its military effort is directed toward peace. And I urge my colleagues to consider that objective alone. AVC rejects the first two approaches. the facts presented in the Post editorial V. SOVIET UNION AND COMMUNIST CHINA Unilateral withdrawal would not bring peace but would unleash totalitarian forces when weighing the opposition- to Mr. The years have shown that coexistence in Asia and in the rest of the world that Fortas' confirmation. I insert the edito­ with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics would upset the delicate international bal­ rial at this point in the RECORD: is not only possible, but is also a necessity, ance that has so far checked a third world THE PRESIDENT, THE SENATE AND THE COURT if the world is to remain at peace. This must war. The idea that President Johnson should be our modus vivendi for the foreseeable The second alternative--to establish a to­ future. Every step should be ta.ken to en­ have abstained from nominating a new Chief tal military victory over both Vietcong and Justice in order to allow the next President hance, improve, and expand the spheres of North Vietnam-would likewise hasten the coexistence whether by more frequent cul­ to make that choice ought to be understood likelihood of a cataclysmic clash with China for what it is: a phony gimmick, so alien to tural exchanges, increased travel by United and, perhaps, Russia as well. States citizens to the Soviet Union and the American tradition, so devastating to the Under these circumstances, AVC advocates operations of the Supreme Court, so open to satellite countries, expanded trade beyond the pursuit of a dual policy: the Iron Curtain, or others. If we follow this retaliation that it can only be a smoke­ (1) to halt a Communist takeover in South screen behind which politicians hide their policy and practice, we shall find the areas Vietnam by continuing the American pres­ of agreement becoming wider and the differ­ ence; animosity toward the President or their real ences, narrower. The inevitable result, where reasons for opposing Mr. Fortas. (2) to probe every possible channel for a The idea promulgated by Governor Agnew people meet people, is that the government settlement that would further an enduring of the Soviet Union wm no longer be able peace. that the current situation is all the fault of Chief Justice Warren is the same kind of to insulate the Russians from the ways of For this reason, AVC endorses the U Thant the free world and disregard the yearnings proposals for a peace effort: gimmick. Since the summer is the only time of the Russian citizenry-which we believe a member of the Supreme Court can leave it (a) an immediate multilateral ceasefire; without disrupting its activities, the full im­ to be the same as ours-for a world at peace (b) immediate negotiations on the agenda and for good wm to other peoples of the and parties to participate in a formal con­ plication of the Governor's comment is that earth. ference. a Justice is denied the right to retire in pres­ Communist China is the riddle wrapped idential election years regardless of his age (c) a reconvened Geneva Conference to or personal inclination. up in the enigma that Russia used to be. work out the terms of a proposed settlement. Any and all avenues that help us learn While the U.S. should press for this three Despite the statements of Sen. Robert Grif­ more about it or initiate exchange of ideas, point program, we ought also use our full fin and Richard M. Nixon that Mr. Johnson must be explored. The forum of the United influence to guarantee a free and fair elec­ should have held the nomination open for Nations is one primary means of increasing tion in South Vietnam with the objective the incoming President, all of American his­ our knowledge. It should no longer be denied of establishing a representative and viable tory says he should have not. No President the Communist Chinese. We would not, how­ government. has ever handed a vacancy on the Supreme ever, deprive Nationalist China of its place Court along to his successor without trying in the United Nations. to fill it. George Washington was the first MIDDLE EAST RESOLUTION to nominate a justice during an election year VI. WORLD TRADE The American Veterans Committee calls and Dwight D. Eisenhower was the last. In The path to world peace through world upon the government of the United States to between, Adams, Jefferson, John Q. Adams, trade is long, torturous, and not always use its maximum effort to create a fair and Van Buren, Tyler, Fillmore, Buchanan, Hayes, clearly marked. The United States should lasting peace between Israel and the Arab Cleveland, Harrison, Taft, Wilson, Hoover take the lead in, where possible, and en­ nations. Such peace must be based upon such and Franklin D. Roosevelt sent nominations courage, where not, the movement toward economic and military realities as will insure to the Senate during an election year. In freer trade among nations. Countries must the survival of Israel and the Arab States fact, eight of those Presidents made nomina­ export as well as import and stabilizing ad­ and resolution of the human problems of tions f01· Supreme Court seats after the elec­ justments will have to be made. Where hard­ Arab refugees and must be guaranteed by tion in which their successor was chosen but ships are visited upon domestic industries, the major powers. before the date arrived for him to take office. some form of temporary relief should be pro­ Similarly, there is no tradition in Ameri­ vided. AVC endorses the Trade Expansion Act can history of the Senate denying confirma­ of 1962 and urges its continued implementa­ tion to nominees in order to give an incoming tion by negotiations and agreements. THE PRESIDENT, THE SENATE AND President a chance to choose a different man. VII, THE EXAMPLE OF AMERICA THE COURT Five of the 96 men to sit on that bench were confirmed by the Senate although they were Events beginning with World War I and nominated by a President who had already continuing in the post World War II world been voted out of office. Among those is John we live in have thrust upon the United HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD OF PENNSYLVANIA Marshall, the greatest Chief Justice of all, States a position of power and responsibil­ who was nominated by John Adams in Janu­ ity it can neither avoid nor minimize. That IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ary of 1801 after Adams had lost the Presi­ position inevitably generates envy, jealousy, Monday, September 16, 1968 dency to Thomas Jefferson. Another 11 were and hostility by less fortunate peoples of nominated by a President a few months be­ the earth. It is the difficult, but essential, Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ fore an election. Among those were Chief task of the United States to wear its mantle dent Johnson's nomination of Associate Justice Oliver Ellsworth who was nominated of world leadership gracefully, to use its Justice Fortas for Chief Justice of the by George Washington in March of 1796, and power cautiously, and to exercise its respon­ Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller who was sibility wisely, striving to make the right de­ Supreme Court of the United States has prompted charges that it ought to be left nominated by Grover Cleveland in May of cisions in order to preserve world peace and 1882. to enable the peoples of the world to work to the next President to fill the vacancies Only two of the 11 Presidents who sent out their destinies in an atmosphere that ac­ created by the announced retirement of Supreme Court nominatlons to the Senate cords the individual his basic human right Chief Justice Warren. in the ten months immediately precedlng a.n and permits him to achieve the fullest meas­ These charges, as the Washington election have had their choices turned down. ure of self-expression. Post observed in an editorial on Sunday, Those two, John Tyler in 1844 and Millard 27078 EXTENSIONS OJt REl\lARKS Septe.mber 16, 19,68 Fillmore in 1852, were caught in the political I offer Mr. Chamberlain's column at . JOHNSON-HUMPHREY CONTINUE TRADE WITH

and f;iectional bitterness of tnefr times. Tyler this point in the RECORD: . . )<, THE ENEMY made five nominations to fill two vacancies VOLUNTARY ARMY CH;EAPER Despite the· Soviet invasion of helpl~s just before and jm1t after the 1844 election Czechoslovakia, the Johnson-Humphrey ad­ and had only one confirmed. The Senate re­ (By John Chamberlain) ministr~tion continues to toss lucrative trade fused to confirm all three of the men nomi­ AVIEMORE, SCOTLAND.-After listening to contracts to Russia. nated by Fillmore in his last year in office. the all-things-to-all-men promises of politi­ ' The most flagrant example is chromite ore, Three other Presidents, John Q. Adams, cians at two national conventions, it is a a highly strategic metal vital to American James Buchanan and Rutherford B. Hayes, relief to come to the annual conference of space and military programs. were unsuccessful in their efforts to fill Su­ the Mont Pelerin spciety, whose members, · The USSR and Rhodesia are the only preme Court vacancies in their last months prominent economists from many countries, sources of high-grade chrome in the world, in office but each of the three sent his nomi­ have been fighting the world drift. to so­ but LBJ-HHH prefer to do business with the nation to the Hill after his successor had cialism on many fronts for 20 years. One of Reds rather than anti-·communist Rhodesia. been chosen. the absentees at this year's convention is Dr. Chromite ore is not mined in the U.S., and Only once since the Civil War has the Sen­ Martin Anderson, the urban specialist who is current stockpiles are said to be enough for ate refused to confirm a nomination made by enlisted in the Richard Nixon brain trust. only six months, although strategic require­ a President during an election year. That Marty Anderson has been responsible for a ments call for a 30-month supply. was when retiring President Hayes appointed proposed Nixon position paper on the desira­ The administration is also buying substan­ Stanley Matthews two months after the 1880 bility of a voluntary army. tial amounts of palladium (a metal in the election. The Senate refused to act pending His boss, at last reports, had settled for platinum family) from the Soviet, and also the inauguration of President Garfield. Gar­ the Anderson conclusions that a voluntary titanium, which is essential to the construc­ field promptly resubmitted Matthews' name army would be both cheaper to maintain and tion of supersonic aircraft because of its tre­ and he was then confirmed. Since that time more efficient than an army of reluctant mendous strength and very light weight. the Senate has confirmed before that year's draftees. But Nixon qualified his acceptance Although the Reds are furnishing the election nominations made in May of 1888, by saying, in effect, "Not now, but after Viet weapons to slaughter American boys in Viet­ July of 1892, February of 1893, February of Nam." Whereupon Hubert Humph1'ey accused nam, and are fomenting revolution and sub­ 1912, January and July of 1916, March of 1932 Nixon of being irresponsible. version throughout the world, including the and January of 1940. The latest election year UNITED IN OPPOSING DRAFT United Sta,tes, the administration doesn't nomination was made on Oct. 15, 1956, by have _the courage to stop trading with the President Eisenhower. That was of Justice If there is one thing that glues the hippies, the yippies, the Students for a Democratic Red criminals. William J. Brennan Jr., who served with a Since television cover.age of national con­ recess appointment until he was confirmed Society, the young McCarthyites, and the Kennedy idolators together, it is a hatred of ventions commenced several years ago, we the following March. have often hoped that at least one of the These facts, we think, make it clear that the draft. The right-wing Young Americans for Freedom make the chorus unanimous. networks would forgo .the chatter ,and there is no substance to the claim of Senator present ~h~ convention to the people. Griffin and Mr. Nixon that President Johnson What will be the social cost of shifting to a voluntary army? In on~ of the papers read Most people, we believe, who are interested should have deferred to his successor in se­ enough to watch the convention would like lecting a new Chief Justice. This is particu­ here, Dr. Cotton M. Lindsay of the Univer­ sity of Virginia presented rather convinc.tng to see and hear the speaker on the podium. larly true in light of the difficulties a delay Tb'.e conventions occur only once every four until next spring in replacing Chief Justice evidence that society loses more than it gains by conscripting its young men. years and what every speaker has to say is Warren will impose on the Supreme Court. important or he or she wouldn't be speaking. Nor do we think there is any substance to For one ~hing, every young man who comes · ' Bu~. ' what do we get? Cynical, biased, ar­ the claim that the Senate should enforce of military age is welcomed to maturity by rogant commentators and interviewers derid­ such a pepod of abstinence upon the Presi­ an eight-year period of havoc. He may be irlg the ' whole' process, circulating vicious dent. Mr. Nixon should be the first to recog­ grabbed for the army on a month's notice; _rumors, intimidating delegates and ap­ nize the possibility that a barrier erected by on the other hand, he may wait a.round ,fl ve proaching people in insulting and hostile years, unable to obtain decent employment his friends in the Senate now could encour- tones. -·age other Senators to erect a similar bar­ because he can't promise continuity in a job. A speaker trying to make a point to his rier if he is elected and has the opportunity The uncertainty means that every young gen­ al,ldience is rebutted by a know-it-all com­ to make nominations to the Court. The spirit eration wastes crucial years. mentator; an address which stirs the conven­ of retaliation has ranked high in history "UNIVERSAL" SERVICE IMPOSSIBLE tion and touches all Americans is hacked to among the causes of senatorial refusal to The objection to the Lindsay theory is death by "analysts" whose past allegiances confirm presidential nominees to the Court. moral, not economic. But to justify the seiz­ and employment are unknown to the major­ Of the 19 men the Senate has turned away, ure of any young man's body for compulsory ity •of viewers; whole states or sections or 12 were caught in the violent struggles be­ service, every member of society should be parties are smeared by the glib, liberal tongue tween the President and the Senate between subjected to the same ordeal. This is a prac­ of a professional hatchet man presenting · 1830 and 1870. tical impossibility. himself as an objective commentator. Since Mr. Nixon can look forward to mak­ First of all, only a picked number of in­ T,=llevision can perform invaluable service ing two or three nominations within the dividuals possess the specialized physical at­ to the American political process by bring­ · next four years, if he is elected and even 1f tributes required of soldiers. Secondly, if all ing the drama of the conventions into every the pending nominations are confirmed, he young men were required to serve an equal home. But, in its present form, this respon­ would do well to reconsider the false ground amount of time, a hopeless cycle of wasted sibillty and power is being misused by the on which his latest comment about the training would result. · prejudiced prima donnas whose personal Fortas nomination is based, particularly in views ar~ foisted on the American public in light of the fact that he c;onsiders Mr. Fortas And if "national service" were required of those not qualified to be soldiers, we would the gui~e of "commentary." .to be "one of the most able justices in the waste the formative years of an incalculable We sense much resentment here in the country." number of artists, scientists, technicians, ad­ Congress and among the people at these tac­ ministrators, and what-not in menial make­ tics, and dare to predict that if just one of ARGUMENT FOR VOLUNTARY ARMY work jobs. the networks would train the cameras on the The ideas expressed by Doctors Anderson podium, let the people watch the convention and Lindsay will not be needed this year by without interference, this network would ~ HON. DONALD RUMSFELD either poljtical party. But "after Viet Nam," capture most of the audience. Americans are intelligent enough to make up their own OF ILLINOIS just watch how quickly the anti-compulsion doctrine takes hold. -minds without Chet,· David or Walter and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - their underlings spelling it out their way. Monday, September 16, 1968 The following letter arrived after the sen­ tencing .of Marine Corporal Denzil Allen, of Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, an in­ Lebanon, to life at hard labor. teresting column by Mr. John Chamber­ JOHNSON-HUMPHREY CONTINUE "We are all horrified wtih the injustice lain concerning an all-volunteer Army TRADE WITH THE ENEMY that is being done to Lance corporal Denzll appeared in the September 14 edition of R. Allen, 20, who was sentenced to life im­ prisonment at hard labor for the reason of Chicago's American. killing Vietnam citizens, whom no one is Mr. Chamberlain points out that the HON. RICHARD L. ROUDEBUSH sure are· peaceful citizens or the enemy. all-volunteer concept is gaining ground, OF INDIANA "When a young man asks for his own artil­ particularly among young people and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lery to strike into his besieged position to members of the academic community. Monday, September 16, 1968 drive the enemy soldiers away, why do they He also notes that "after Vietnam" this prosecute a young man who ls a loyal Amer­ volunteer doctrine will make significant Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, my lean for kllling people he believed to be the newsletter for this week follows:. enemy?" and rapid gains. \ September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMA~S 27079 ''.This young man should go free with a full of the country. - The principal speakers Europe. Their concern has been ·dramat­ pardon and receive the Navy medal that..was were our great, beloved Speaker J oHN W. ically confirmed by recent events in East recommended for him by his commanding officer." McCORMACK, the able and distinguished Europe'. To ratify this treaty at this "This young man gets llfe at hard labor Senator from the great State of New point-with Soviet troops in Czechoslo­ _and In the next column of the newspaper it York, our esteemed colleague and friend, vakia in violation of international law­ tells how 'Huey Newton,' founder of the Senator JACOB JAVITS, and His Excellency, would be politically self-defeating and Black Panthers, who k1lled a policeman and Hon. S. Z. Abramov, a very distinguished morally indefensible. shot another, gets 2 to 15 years with a chance member of the Knesset of Israel. It was As a candidate for President and the to appeal. It just seems that good hlgh­ a great privilege for me to associate my­ acknowledged front runner, Mr. Nixon is minded youth gets beaten down and the self with the eloquent remarks of our to be commended for the courageous trash and scum of the earth ls upheld." great Speaker, and others who addressed manner in which he has spoken out. He "As parents of a young man in Vietnam, and as U.S. citizens, we urge you to protest the gathering. has put the Soviet Union on notice that this unjust sentence." It was a very happy and rewarding ex­ good relations with this country depend We are sending the above letter to the perience for me to attend this fine gather­ on something more than polemics and President together with other comments from ing of leaders of the Jewish people and that the risks of their expansionist policy Lebanon residents concerning the case, and many friends of mine from my district will not be ignored in this country. It is urge a Presidential review. and our New England region. The oc­ regrettable that the President has pussy­ We have now sustained more than 200,000 casion was graced by the presence of be­ footed around about this matter, leaving total casualties in a war that our men have loved rabbis and spiritual leaders, and the impression in Moscow that United been forced to fight with one hand tied be­ hind their backs without full naval and air other very distinguished guests. States-U.S.S.R. relations would not be support, while on the home front the ad­ This meeting gave me the opportunity materially set back by the invasion. ministration continues to trade with the to talk with a considerable number of Hopefully from reading Mr. Nixon's · enemy. The peace talks are nothing more leaders present and their gracious ladies, statement the Russians will know they than a ruse used by the Reds to their advan­ and it afforded me the opportunity which cannot have their cake and eat it too. He tage, while our past m111tary gains are frit­ I joyfully embraced to affirm my long­ has made it clear to them that their tered away. standing, close friendship with the present policy of exacerbating tensions in The people we are hearing from say that Jewish people and my strong, vigorous, the Middle East and Europe is inconsist­ if the war is worth the life of one American boy, it is worth fighting to win. tireless suport of their cause since the ent with a goal of genuine relaxation of Humphrey told an audience that law and days of my youth, and in the Congress tensions with the United States. I en­ order should not be an issue this year and of the United States, the many, warm close at this point, recent statements by instead a bi-partisan commission should be friendships I enjoy with them, and the Mr. Nixon on these matters: appointed to look into the matter. The same very high esteem which I hold for them, INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA day Hubert made this statement the Presi­ not only as friends and thoughtful neigh­ (Statement issued by Richard M. Nixon on dent's Commission. on Violence met In Wash­ bors, but as great Americans and loyal occasion of American Legion National Con­ ington for a conference. One of the aides, supporters of the brave, young nation vention, New Orleans, La., September 12, Mr. George D. Newton, of Winnetka, Ill., went of Israel and its wonderful people. 1968) out for an evening stroll and near his hotel I made it abundantly clear, as I have The invasion of Czechoslovakia by the So­ was jumped by four men who tripped, beat viet-led powers of the Warsaw Pact has been and kicked him before taking $90 and a $50 done on other occasions, the deep inter­ marked down as an unquallfled reversal for watch. If Hubert needs another Committee est and firm, sustaining support that I the cause of peace in the world. But one to find out that law and order are an issue, am rendering to the cause of Israel, and visible dividend has come of it. The same maybe he could save some money by inter­ that I propose to continue to render, so Soviet tanks that rumbled across the Czecho­ viewing LBJ's violence probers. They could that this shining, new member of the slovakian frontier less than a month . ago tell Hubert it isn't even safe to come to community of free nations may be safe also startled a slumbering Western Alliance Washington, D.C., and talk about crime. and secure from its enemies, and free to out of its complacency. SEPTEMBER QUOTE develop its free instit,utions unhampered The repression of the expanding freedoms "A great civilization is not conquered from by the fear of aggression, and under all in Czechoslovakia was a genuinely tragic without until it has destroyed itself from blow to that unfortunate people. But perhaps circumstances well able to defend, pro­ the witnesses to the tragedy in western Eu­ within. The essential causes of 's de­ tect and develop the great homeland of cline lay in her people, her morals, her class rope wm draw from it lessons that will enable struggle, her failing trade, her bureaucratic the Jewish people, and make continued them to preserve their own freedoms in despotism, her stifling taxes and her con­ contributions not only to its citizens but future years. suming wars. The political causes of decay to the world community. America should seize upon this moment were rooted in one fact--that increasing des­ I am very grateful for the privilege of of European awareness and European concern potism destroyed the citizen's civic sense, attending this memorable event and to to reforge the ties that bind the western and dried up statesmanship at its source."­ meet with so many good friends and world. In candor it has been in large measure Dr. Will Durant, The Story of Civilization, sterling citizens. America's fault that the North Atlantic Vol. III, "Caesar and Christ." Treaty Organization has gradually dissolved. Write Congressman Roudebush. We have continued to treat the states of western Europe as decidely junior partners in , the Alliance--despite their growing polltical NIXON PLACES THE ATLANTIC and economic strength. We have repeatedly ALLIANCE FIRST gone over the heads of the foremost of CAUSE OF ISRAEL America's allies to deal with the common adversary. But this moment of crisis in cen­ HON. PAUL FINDLEY tral Europe can be made the moment of HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN OF ILLINOIS opportunity for the western world. OF MASSACHUSE'l"l'S The rebuilding of N.A.T.O. should today be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES placed at the top of the agenda of American Monday, September 16, 1968 national business. The interests of future Monday, September 16, 1968 peace dictate it. Just as N.A.T.O. has been Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, even be­ essential in the post-war world as the West's Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I was fore election day, Richard Nixon has , instrument of deterrence--so It is today the greatly honored today to attend the very made a significant contribution to world West's best potential instrument of detente. impressive reception and luncheon con­ peace and freedom. Despite what has happened in central ducted here in Washington by the New Yesterday Mr. Nixon forthrightly Europe, peace in the world must ultimately England region' of the Zionist Organiza­ placed the interests of the Atlantic Al­ depend upon an understanding with the tion of America, whose president is the liance first by announcing his opposition Soviet Union. That understanding will re­ distinguished Jewish leader, Mr. Joseph quire negotiations, and successful negotia­ to ratification of the proposed Nuclear tions depend not only on patience and skill I. Sargon. Nonproliferation Treaty at this time. but also upon western unity and western This significant Zionist meeting was This treaty has been opposed by many of strength. largely attended by prominent citizens, our NA TO allies, because it placed co­ If Czechoslovakia has taught the world business, and professional leaders from operation with the Soviet Union ahead of nothing else, it has taught us that weakness the New England region and other parts the legitimate defense interests of west is an invitation to aggress, that m111tary ln- 27080 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 feriority in the face of an ambitious power they changed? The answer is the head rather perhaps the witnesses to the tragedy in West­ ls a threat to world peace. than the heart. These are the factors that ern Europe will draw lessons that Will enable America's correct reaction to the Soviet have caused the change: First, the threat them to preserve their own freedoms 1n thrust against Czechoslovakia is not some of Communist China on the east. They don't future years. rash response-but rather a realistic reap­ want a two-front threat. They need friends Despite what has happened in Central praisal of the assumptions and the premises in the west. Europe, peace in the world must ultimately that underlie American policy toward the Second, problems within the Soviet Union depend upon an understanding between the Soviet Union. and in Eastern Europe. Communism has not United States and the countries of Western A policy of realism toward the Soviets to­ been working as well as it should. There is Europe with the Soviet Union. This is our day will be a policy that is directed toward discontent. They need trade with the west. goal, and we trust it is theirs. This under- their prudence and not toward their good Third, the power of Western Europe up standing will require negotiation, and as I will. until recently, so strong, so great, economi- have already indicated, successful negotia­ That kind of policy holds the promise of cally, politically and militarily, that there tions depend not only on patience and skill, peace. was no hope of expanding through traditional but upon Western unity and Western (NoTE.-Since Mr. Nixon will be speaking conventional armed aggression. strength. If Czechoslovakia has taught the without text this afternoon, there may be But, fourth and perhaps most important, world nothing else, it has taught us that additions or changes in these excerpts as de­ the Soviet leaders looked down the nuclear weakness is an invitation to aggression, that livered. But he stands by them as stated gun barrel at the time of the Cuban con- military inferiority in the face of an ambi­ . above.) frontation in 1962, and there is one great tious power is a threat to world peace . view that they share along with us, and it is America's response to the Soviet against NONPROLIFERATION TREATY this. They know what a nuclear war would do Czechoslovakia is not rash and should not · to them as we know what it would do to us. _ be rash, but it must be realistic and a rea- (Statement by Richard M. Nixon, Republi- They may want to expand and they do want listic appraisal of the assumptions and the can presidential nominee, September 11, to expand communism, but they do not want promises that underlie American policy to- 1968) a confrontation with the United States. They ward the Soviet Union. A policy of realism Despite my concern over some of its pro- do not want a nuclear war. toward the Soviet today will be a policy that visions, I have endorsed the nuclear non- So we begin with that proposition. Since is directed toward their prudence and not proliferation treaty which is intended to con- they do not want a nuclear war and since we just toward their goodwill. That kind of trol the further spread of nuclear weapons. do not want a nuclear war, what then are policy holds the prospect of peace. I hope that it can be universally adopted. those things that we can negotiate in order I say to you today that America should But the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, to reduce the tensions a.round the world? seize upon this moment of European aware- now less than a month old, has seriously ness and European concern to reforge the damaged the prospects for early ratification Now I come to some fundamental proposi- ties that bind the Western World. In can- of the treaty. A large Soviet military force tions that have to do with changes in Amer- dor, let's face it. One of the reasons that the still occupies that country. ican policy that 1 feel need to be made. Up Alliance is in trouble is that the United In these Circumstances, I can understand until quite recently we have had the as- States has gone around it in talki t O th06 e why the Senate might want to delay ratifica- sumption in Washington, D.C. that as be- who ·might be our potential opponents,ng and tion and also why the Administration might tween the United States and the Soviet before we talk to our opponents, let's talk Union where military power was concerned, to f i d find it advisable not to insist on immediate parity or equality was enough. think that our r en s in the future. Let's begin that action. As Governor Rockefeller pointed out 1 right away. in his statement of September 8: now we must re-examine that assumption, This moment of crisis in Central Europe "The effectiveness of this treaty depends and I will tell you why. Thei.r goal in the can be made the moment of opportunity for importantly on the respect for treaties world ls not simply to keep what they have, the Western World, and the rebuilding of shown by the Soviet Union. Yet the Soviet but to expand throughout the world. Our NATO, rebuilding it in a new way, in a dif­ military action against Czechoslovakia· has goal in the world is peace. We do not want to ferent way, in a way that will live for the violated the spirit of the treaty even be.fore expand our power over anybody else, and future, that speaks to its time, should be it is ratified." we are not being aggressive toward anybody placed on the top of the agenda of Amer- ! have discussed this matter with Gov- else. lean national business. ernor Rockefeller, Governor Scranton, mem- Consequently I say that when a negotia- bers of the Senate Republican leadership and tion takes place and the negotiator on one with members of my key issues committee. side of the table wants peace and the negoti­ They all share my judgment that, despite the a.tor on the other side of the table wants MRS. LLOYD M. BUCHER: A BRAVE inherent value of this treaty, its ratification expansion, let's always make sure that the WOM&N should be postponed. one that wants peace has superiority over The posture and intentions of the Soviet the one that wants expansion. That is what Union toward Czechoslovakia and other na- we need. HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE tions of central and Western Europe can President Kennedy, in one of the most OF IOWA be reassessed at a later time to see whether eloquent of many eloquent statements he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES circumstances will then justify our proceed- made during his presidency, in his first in­ ing with ratification. augural said, "Let us never fear to negotiate Monday, September 16, 1968 and let us never negotiate from fear." That EXCERPTS FROM ADDRESS BY RICHARD M. NIXON, is a principle that all of us could remember Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, the Red AMERICAN LEGION CONVENTION, SEPTEMBER at this time. We must restore the strength Oak Express, a· highly successful daily 12, 1968, MUNICIPAL AUDITORIUM, NEW of the United States so that the next Presi­ newspaper in Iowa's Seventh Congres­ ORLEANS, LA. dent of the United States, whoever he is, sional District, paid tribute recently to So we look at the Soviet Union first and we goes to a bargaining table always from a po- a great American woman, Rose Bucher, ask ourselves this question: Have they sition of strength and never from a position the wife of Lloyd M. "Pete" Bucher, com­ changed? Have their leaders changed? The of weakness. That is what we must have and answer is yes. Kosygin and Brezhnev are dif- that is what you are going to support. mander of the ill-fated intelligence ship ferent men from Mr. Khrushchev. They don't That brings me, when I talk about U.S.S. Pueblo. Commander Bucher and take their shoes off and bang them on the strength and weakness, to a cµrrent prob­ his crew have been in North Korean cap­ table when they come to the United Nations. lem that I have already alluded to, the prob­ tivity for 8 months. But when we look at that change, and this lem of the Western European Alliance. All At the same time he commends Mrs. is the significant point I wish all of you of us in this room I know share the heart­ Bucher, Express Editor James F. Logan would remember if you forget everything else break that came from the invasion of Czech­ puts forth the wish that the U.S. Govern­ that I say, changes have occurred in the oslovakia in snuffing out that little bit of ment were as determined as Mrs. Bucher leadership of the Soviet Union, but the freedom that was beginning to show itself Pueblo change has been one of the head and not among those proud people in the heart of in seeking the return of the and one of the heart. The men in the Soviet Eastern Europe. But I can say to you today its crew. Union, you see, still are Communists. They that it has been my conclusion that while I commend the 'Red Oak Express item have every right to be, 1f that is their con- it seemed to be an unqualified reversal for to the attention of my colleagues: clusion as to what their country should have us, there could be a dividend from what MRS. ROSE M. BUCHER and what the world should have, and we have happened in Czechoslovakia. Let me tell you We note Mrs. Lloyd Bucher, wife of the a right to be what we want too and to stand what it is. Captain of the captured USS Pueblo, con­ for what we believe in. Those same Soviet tanks that rumbled tinues her determined efforts to obtain re­ But my friends, as we look at the Soviet over the frontier less than a month ago lease of the Commander and crew. Too bad Union, why is it that their policies toward the woke up, 1.t woke up the slumbering Western she does not have the resources of our gov­ . United States-their willingness to negotiate Alliance out of its complacency, and the ernment to aid in her effort and equally un­ in certain areas, their cooling down until the repression of the expanding freedoms in fortunate is the apparent fact that our gov­ Czechoslovakian incident, what would ap- Czechoslovakia, while it was a genuinely ernment does not have her determination pear to be the cold war semantics-why have tragic blow to that unfortunate people, but to correct this insult to the US. September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27081 SENATOR MUSKIE'S MOTHER-A Muskie, an immigrant from Poland whose mother -1s happier now in a way because VISIT THAT HAS LASTED 57 native name was Marciszewski (it got children at her age make her nervous, and YEARS changed at Ellis Island, the story goes) was she likes to keep her house immaculate, and a tailor in Buffalo and took his trade to Rum­ with children you can't do that." ford. The family lived first in an apartment If an immaculate house is what Mrs. HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI and then, as it grew, in a 2Yz-story frame Muskie wants, then that's what she has. It's house. a clean-in fact, spotless-house on a large OF ILLINOIS Mrs. Muskie said that after marriage she tract of land, with a slight h111 behind it. On IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES never worked-technically. She adds, laugh­ the ground floor is the pantry, where Mrs. Monday, September 16, 1968 ing: "Mr. Muskie got two boarders. I didn't Muskie's aprons are created. And next to have a chance. He got them right away, and it is the kitchen, then the dining room and Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the New I didn't even know how to cook. I had to the living room. Three bedrooms and a bath York Post recently carried an excellent learn that with three men in the house are on the second floor, and an attic fills article about Senator EDMUND S. along with putting tog_!:lther dinner pails. the third. The typical old New England MusKIE's mother, which gives us a deep There was no extra pay." house is filled with overstuffed chairs and a insight into the inspiring qualities of the She laughs again. "But I learned to cook sofa, with crocheted doilies on each arm. from my husband. He was an excellent cook. As Mrs. Muskie talked, she rocked in one Senator himself. I didn't even know how to sew. After we of the three chairs she and her husband I am very pleased today to place in the were married and I was expecting Irene, bought in Rumford 57 years ago. Other re­ RECORD this excellent article about Mrs. the oldest, Mr. Muskie said to me, 'Now look, minders of their first days are a round, walnut Muskie, who, at 77, continues to show I'm going to tell you one more thing. We dining room set with leather seat chairs those charming qualities which have can't afford store-bought clothes, so I'm and a buffet. The walls are adorned with pic­ given her son a character worthy of the going to buy you a sewing machine. You'll tures, mostly those of her grandchildren. Vice Presidency of the United States. have to learn to sew.' I couldn't even read a There are just a few of her son, Edmund. The article by Sandor M. Polster pattern. But when you have to do something, Her hours are from 5:30 a.m. to 9:30 pm you have to.'' and during that time Mrs. Muskie flits about follows: The 57-year-old Singer sewing machine is the house so quickly that dust doesn't have WOMAN IN THE NEWS: SENATOR MUSKIE'S still in use. It's nestled in a corner of Mrs. time to settle. And there are her hobbies, the MOTHER-A VISIT THAT HAs LASTED 57 Muskie's pantry, where she makes aprons. main one being "my home and my family." YEARS Mrs. Lucy Paradis, the third child, says of But there is also gardening. At one time, 15 (By Sandor M. Polster) her mother: "She's says sewing is like a med­ years ago, she had a large flower garden be­ On the banks of the Androscoggin rests a icine for her because it keeps her mind oc­ hind the house on a high bank. It hasn't town of 10,000 named Rumford. Not unlike cupied. She sells her aprons. She doesn't get been touched for many years, and it has most other Maine mill towns, it is a quiet, enough for them-just $1. We tell her she gone to weed. She still has her rose bushes friendly place where people know their neigh­ should get more, but she says, 'Oh, no, I out front, though. bors. Glance down the phone book and the just want to get a little back on them.' In "I can make anything grow. Anything names are the same as those in the town's the fall my mother makes apple jelly, but would grow for me. I guess I had a green cemeteries. she doesn't sell that. And she mows the lawn thumb. I used to raise poppies, sweet Wil­ It's a paper-making town, with the Oxford when no one comes along." liams, bachelor buttons-all the old­ Paper Co.-"the largest paper mill under one Mrs. Muskie is 77. Her husband died in fashioned flowers.'' She laughs. "People used roof in the entire world"-the primary 1956. "The death was hard for her because to come practically every day to look at my employer. she had never been to the banks, never paid flowers. I guess because they were too lazy to Fifty-seven years ago, Stephen Muskie of a light bill," said Mrs. Paradis. "He always raise their own." Buffalo, N.Y., brought his bride of two days took care of her." Mrs. Muskie is in excellent health. Two to Rumford. He said it was to be their honey­ In addition, Mrs. Muskie is hard of hear­ years ago she had a gall bladder operation moon. "He told me we'll go to Rumford and ing. "As long as I can remember,'' Mrs. Para­ "At that time President and Mrs. Johnso~ then go back to Buffalo," said Mrs. Muskie in dis added, "my mother always had trouble sent her flowers in the hospital " said Mrs an interview yesterday. "As you can see, I'm hearing. A lot of times, though, we figured Paradis. "I think everyone in the hospitai still here." that maybe she wasn't as hard of hearing was more excited about it than she was. Dur­ Stephen Muskie had married Josephine as we thought because she often heard ing that time she had pneumonia and we Czarnecki on Feb. 27, 1911, in Buffalo's St. things we didn't want her to." didn't know then, for a few day~. if she Stanislaus Roman . Three Mrs. Muskie: "I was an ugly duckling would live. She's back, though, almost to years later, Edmund Sixtus Muskie, the sec­ mother. I was cross and strict." Her daugh­ her old self again." ond of six children, today the Vice Presi­ ters, Irene and Lucy, agree, "but we bene­ Mrs. ~uskie, a very devout woman, has dential candidate of the Democratic Party, fited from the way she raised us," said been unable to attend church as regularly arrived. Mrs. Irene Chaisson. as she would like because of the operation. Mrs. Muskie was born in Buffalo on Mrs. Muskie has firm ideas about how to It's difficult for her to walk to church. But March 19, 1891, to Mr. and Mrs. Theodore raise a family. "I definitely don't approve of as a mother she tried to instm in her chil­ Czarnecki, both Polish immigrants. She was working mothers. They definitely should be dren a sense of religion. the fourth child in a family of 11, of whom home taking care of their children. That's "We always had to go to Sunday school," four others are still alive. why there is so much bad going on. Nowa­ said Mrs. Paradis. "In fact, to this day she Until she was 12, Josephine Czarnecki at­ days girls are getting married and having doesn't think we go to church enough. I tended a Catholic elementary school, then babies-some of them-by the time they're know we should go more but we don't. In made her first Holy Communion, and set out 13. Children were better when I was younger the last two years she has watched mass to earn a living, as was the custom then. At because parents were stricter.'• on television. At first it bothered her, but a 13, she was working in a tailor shop, remain­ "She always used to believe that a wom­ priest asked her if she was more comfortable ing until she was 18, when she was married. an's place should be in the home," said that way, and she said yes, so he told her She had met Stephen Muskie when she Mrs. Paradis. "She was very strict. She felt she'd get just as much out of mass on tele­ was 15. "Mr. Muskie was boarding with a that we should be with her in our own vision, and she said she got more out of it cousin of mine and he said he was looking yard, not with others. Sometimes I felt she on television." for a girl friend. So my cousin brought him was too strict. I think that maybe this in­ In Mrs. Muskie is the Yankee independ­ over to the house one Sunday and I guess fluened Ed. She was shy and so was he. It ence that runs through New England. Her he liked my looks. Three weeks later he sent surprised me when he was first Governor humor is rewarding but wry, like her hus­ me a letter saying that he was satisfied and that she could go out and meet people the band's was and as her son's is. She used to hoped that I was and that I had made a good way she did.'' tike to shelter her children and was protec­ impression on him and asked to come visit And, with her son's nomination, there is cive to the point of preventing them from me twice a week on Thursdays and Sundays. again sudden fame. engaging in many activities-like swimming "I said, 'Sure, we can always try it, and Mrs. Muskie doesn't like all the publicity. out beyond their waists, which probably ac­ if we find that we don't like each other, we "None of us do," said Mrs. Chaisson. "We're counts for most of her children being afraid can always quit.' " not accustomed to this sort of thing. And of water. The courtship lasted three years. They met we're so afraid we'll say the wrong thing to Of her son, Edmund, she says: "He was mostly at home "because there were no cars hurt Ed." But when the family talked with so shy he would follow me around the house or modern things to do, except going for him Thursday night, when he accepted the all the time. He was constantly reading walks. But I didn't like that. Some days we nomination, "he said not to worry about it, books. He loved books. I guess that's why were alone, but most of the time the whole that we shouldn't worry," Mrs. Muskie said. he knows so much today." family was around, and we had a good time Since her husband's death 12 years ago, And when she speaks of her son, the Vice talking." Mrs. Muskie has lived alone all but four Presidential candidate, Mrs. Muskie beams At her wedding, Mrs. Muskie wore "a beau­ years, when Mrs. Paradis and her family with pride. But, as the new candidate said tiful heavy satin gown made by my oldest moved in. "Then the house got too small in his acceptance speech Thursday: "And so sister, Lottie, I still have it." because I had four children. I think my my mother was asked by one reporter whether 27082 EXTENSIONS OF, · REMARKS ·September 1~, 1968 or not she expected to vote for me ... She black and white, were lynched in the years advances-in every area of human life. The said, 'Well, if no one offers anyone better, I from 1900-1950, and usually without any sub­ era that has· successfully transplanted the suppose I will.' That's one vote' I'm going stantial protest. The bloody labor strikes and human heart-can and will be the era when to have to work for." struggles of the 1900's and lO•s and 20's and we can make true the words of this great Whereupon Mrs. Muskie, straining to hear 30's are not ancient history, yet. ·To anyone American song- . those words on television, snapped back: who remembers. the crash of 1929 and the " And crown thy good, with Brotherhood, "You bet he will." r Great Depression of the 1930's, it is difficult to say that America is in really serious eco­ From Sea to Shining Sea i" nomic trouble today-which is not to deny To those who think that I but dream of that we face many economic problems. One days that cannot be, I say-America has who has studied the bitterness of the heritage always "dreamed a dream"-and it is that left by our great Civil War, can hardly talk dream of greatness, and peace, and brother­ about the old happy days of fl.ne race rela­ hood-not our pre·sent doubts and fears­ tions. The youth of the "good old days" were that will finally come to reality and prevail far greater users of dope and drugs than the throughout this blessed land! ROBERT H. GOLDMAN. OF llllASSACHUSETl'S youth of today-and the adults too! Over and over again historians have ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posed the falsity of the supposed purity and Monday, September 16, 1968 high moral standards of the Victorian era­ yet today many Americans berate their own THE CASE OF THE MISSING ARAB Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. age-and generation-in favor of a fictitious Speaker, at a time when so many iri­ past-that never existed. REFUGEES cllviduals tell us that we are living in a I say we are not worse today, but better. sick society, that we are doomed as a I say the problems we face today are only dif­ HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL civilization, it is rea..ssuring to have the ferent in terminology and detail from the problems we have always faced as a people. OF NEW YORK counsel of those who can take the his­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torical perspective. And I am convinced that the deep passions and emotions and fears around today in the Monday, September 16, 1968 Such a person is Robert H. Goldman, hearts of most Americans are not because we of Lowell, Mass., who, in a thoughtful have slipped back, but because we have Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, on April 2, letter to the editor of the Lowell Sun moved forward I 1968, I called the attention of the House helps us set a balance between what is For Americans today are more aware of to the fact that the Arab States were indeed in need of correction in our so­ their problems than their fathers or grand­ guilty of perpetrating a diabolical myth ciety, and what is still of value and worth fathers. Modern media of communication by their insistent raising of questions preserving. · · have kept us instantly informed of every world crisis-and of every local riot. We hear about the Arab refugees. I then warned . Under una~ous consent, I insert in that so many Americans are dissatisfied with that the United States and the United the RECORD the text. of Mr. Goldman's their lot-but that dissatisfaction is not due Nations were wasting millions of dollars letter as it appeared in the Lowell Sun on so much to what we have not achieved, but on nonexisting refugees and were in fact September 10: rather to what we have already accomplished. subsidizing the spread of anti-Semitic AMERICA IN TROUBLE? We are not more bigoted and racist, but and anti-Israel propaganda among Arab ste.adily-too slowly I know it seems to so We hear it said, everywhere today, that children. ~ America is in trouble-indeed, it is probably many-approaching the day of equal free­ dom and Justice for all Americans-for all. The views I then expressed and the the only issue on which almost everyone facts I then presented. ar~ completely agrees. · The world in which we live is, with all its And, to an imaginary visitor from a faroff perils, even in this nuclear age, not a world confirmed by an article by Ira Hirsch­ land who s-µ.rveyed'. the American scene to­ of greater danger and anarchy than.the world mann in the, September 17, 1968, issue day, it would certainly'appear that this great of Adolf Hitler-or the Kaiser-but a world of Look. Mr. Hirschmann is described as country of ours is torn by dissension, ripped groping toward a day of true international a New York businessman, author, and apart by racial unrest, uncertain and fearful law, a day when truly, as Tennyson dreamed lecturer whq has had a longtime interest of it economic future in a world wher,e the a hundred years ag~"the battle flags shall in refugee aff'airs. As an emissary of dollar no longer is a sure sign of stability. be furled, In the Federation of man, the Par· President Roosevelt, Mr. Hirschmann Such a visitor would hear loud outcries that liament of this world." negotiated for the "ransoming" of thou.- America has slipped badly from the "good old Those who try to whip up animosity against days of yore" when one could safely .walk the our youth do a great disservice to America. . sands of Jews from the Nazis. After the streets, when there were no demonstrations For our youth, on the whole, are the most surrender of Germany, he organized the and no riots, when racial hatred was un­ idealistic this nation has ever seen. And this DP camps until their inmates could be known, and all Americans were at peace with generation of young people, when they even­ moved elsewhere. In recent years, he one another. One could also hear daily how tually come to power-as we already have made numerous · trips to the Middle moral decay has seeped away our founda­ come to power-shall lead America to East-both Israel and the Arab coun­ tions, how our youth have gone astray, ending heights, we have never before achieved! tries-oh f actfinding trips for UNRWA with a fond glance back at an earlier time Another man, in· another era, an era of and the U.S. State Department. of Civil peace and moral strength. much despair, and great anxiety, said this Those who read "the signs of the times" people and this nation had As Mr. Hirschmann points out, based wag their heads knowingly .and talk of a de­ "Nothing to fear, but fear itself, blind, on census figures on Arab refugees pro­ cadent America-the more learned talk of the unreasoning fear." vided by the Arab States, the Arab ref­ decline and fall of the Roman Empire as a It is not fear we should have today for ugees must enjoy the highest stand­ true historical parallel to America's ~osition America's future, but true, and very rational, of living in the world. Based on today. , hope. We are basically, not a sick people. those figures, Arab refugees have a death Finally, and sometimes seeming to over­ We are a basically healthy people, a basically rate much lower· than that prevailing in shadow all else, the bloody, seemingly un­ sound people. What we are going through is ending war in Viet Nam has, it is said, torn not the death.:.throes of our American way of the United States. Why the United Na­ America and Americans almost irrevocably life-we are encountering rather the birth­ tions Relief and Works Agency for Pal­ apart and the brutal Russian invasion of pangs of an America that will progress more estine Refugees continues to rely on such Czechoslovakia has shown that the Cbld War in the remaining thirty-odd years of the cen­ patently dishonest statistics remains one will again return with all its tensions, hates, tury, and of this millennium-than in all our of unfathomable mysteries of the world. and fears. previous history. The leadership of this coun­ The full text of Mr. Hirschmann's ar­ So, America is in deep trouble. Is it not so? try in the future will not divide Americans ticle follows: I say it is not so! It is, of course, unde­ from each other-for I believe the future niable that we have serious problems, but we belongs to that Leader who can reconcile us THE CASE OF THE MISSING ARAB REFUGEES: REFUGEE EXPERT ACCUSES U.N. AGENCY OF delude ourselves 1f we think these problems to each other and enable us to continue on did not exist in every generation. One has the inevitable path of peace and progress SUPPORTING NONEXISTENT ARABS WITH U.S. only to look a.tour national history. Abraham that is surely the destiny of this beloved land TAX DOLLARS. Lincoln lost his seat in Congress-for his of ours. There are deep wellsprings of true (By Ira Hirschmann) bitter opposition to the Mexican War. patriotism and true brotherhood in the The American taxpayer, in the name of Crime-and violent crime-was not less, but hearts of most Americans today. It is not humanitarianism, has unwittingly written a far greater proportionately and law and order wrong to turn our eyes upward to the astro­ blank check that is helping to develop a per­ existed not more-but les.s-in the "good old nauts about to reach the moon. ~or as this manent Arab refugee body, intensify Arab­ days" of Grover Cleveland, and William Mc- is the birth of America's Space Age, so is this Israeli animosities and inclte general war in . Kinley than today. Two thousand Americans, going to be the age of America's greatest the Middle East. So far, this program has September 16, 1968 ,EXTiENSIONS OF REMARKS 27083 cost over $600 million, including relief for Palestinian Arabs. And the fact is--despite Jordan, a programme of eliminating the most 200,000 to 500,000 nonexistent Arab refugees. the garbled vital statistics and passionate flagrant abuses of the ration system by with­ I make this accusation on the basis of my arguments-that is exactly what has been drawing rations from refugees known to be deep personal concern, born of more than 20 happening. enjoying a substantial income was less suc­ years of intensive work with Jewish, Muslim The oil fields of Kuwait, the farms of cessful than had been hoped, as its introduc­ and Christian refugees in Europe and the Jordan, the hotels of Lebanon and the shops tion coincided with parliamentary elections." Middle East, my own past affiliation with of Syria employ thousands of former Pales­ He added: "In the Syrian Arab Repub­ UNRWA and what I saw on repeated journeys tinians who stm draw regular rations from lic . . . for many years past, the govern­ throughout the Middle East, often made in UNRWA. Nevertheless, according to UNRWA, ment has not permitted systematic investi­ behalf of the State Department. the population of the refugee camps is un­ gations to ascertain whether ration recipients Americans are a generous people with changing-it even increases, according to were genuinely in need of this form of sympathy for the Arab refugees, who have some mysterious formula based on the Arabs' help." been the miserable pawns of power politics fruitful birthrate. The oil fields and the "Iiving dead" are as they live out their squalid lives. In its The last population report on refugees only two of the sources from which the generosity, Congress has paid out over $20 given by UNRWA states that only 15,431 ref­ black-market operators get their stocks of million a year for 20 years-approximately ugees died in the year ended June 30, 1963- ration cards. Sad to say, many non-refugees two-thirds of the total b111-to feed, clothe, a death rate of only 12.7. The low U.S. death living near the camps are so poor that life house and educate the impoverished refu­ rate is 9.4 per thousand. By 1966, the Arab inside the walls seems comparatively elegant; gees. The agency set up to administer this refugee death rate had declined to only six by hook and by crook, thousands of them fund and care for the refugees is UNRWA, per thousand! have somehow become eligible as "refugees." the United Nations Relief and Works Agency There ls no question that refugee-camp No one could have foreseen in 1950, when for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. It officials conceal deaths. A journalist I know UNRWA began, that thousands more refugees would be hard for any agency to do a super­ who visited Gaza was told by an UNRWA of­ would be added to the rolls because chil­ lative job under the conditions prevailing in ficial that "We hold our funerals quietly; it dren, and even grandchildren, would be the Arab countries. But UNRWA has failed would be foolish for a family to give up a born. Instead, it was assumed that the num­ almost completely in its original assignment ration card just because one of its members ber of refugees' would gradually diminish of rehab111tating the refugees. Its bureauc­ dies." and that UNRWA would be phased out. In­ racy of 12,000 employees ls merely perpetu­ In an embarrassed footnote to his latest stead of helping to reduce the number of ating itself in Jordan, Gaza, Lebanon and report on births and deaths, UNRWA's com­ its charges, however, this international body Syria, and the suffering of the Arab refugees missioner-general, Dr. Laurence Michelmore, has cooperated with the Arab governments, ls perpetuated so that the Arab countries can acknowledges: "The above statistics are based who kept the refugees virtually imprisoned continue to raise the refugee issue. on the agency's registration records, which in "temporary" camps and used them as a None of my criticism implies that the refu­ do not necessarily reflect the actual refugee political weapon in their jousting with Isr~el. gee problem is not real and does not merit population owing to factors such as unre­ JORDAN AND SYRIA FAILED TO CLEAN UP RATION- our concerned attention. But questions as to ported deaths and undetected false regis­ CARD SCANDAL, U .N. OFFICIAL CHARGES the exact number and description of the ref­ tration." ugees-which will figure in any future peace A breakthrough in this grim situation fi­ Recently, I stood on a street corner in nally occurred last autumn, a few months negotiations-must be answered even though Beirut and watched a professional dealer in their origin ls still being debated 20 years after the June war. Five West Bank camps ration cards doing an active business. There and eight Gaza Strip camps now were inside after the fact. was, of course, the usual haggling over price, No matter how these people became ref­ the Israeli lines and, for the first time, a cen­ but eventually, money and ration cards sus was possible. The results were illuminat­ ugees, however, there ls still the question of changed hands. These cards, which would how many Arabs actually left Palestine after ing. seem to represent petty graft since they buy UNRWA had said that over 430,000 persons, its partition by the United Nations in 1948. only four cents worth of food a day-1,500 The Economic Survey Mission, set up in 1949 including 311,846 refugees, were crowded to­ calories-are actually an important clue to gether in the Gaza Strip. However, the IsraeU by the Concmatlon Commission for Palestine, the distortion of Arab refugee statistics. Very put the figure at 726,000; Israeli authorities census takers found only 356,300 persons, of often, the cards are in the names of persons whom they claimed 134,600 belong to fa.m.llies placed the figure at between 500,000 and hundreds of miles a.way. Over 100,000 former 600,000. originally living outside IsraeU territory. On Palestinians have migrated to oil-rich Kuwait the West Bank, the census takers said they Incredible as it may seem, the exact num­ alone as part of a movement of which I have ber of refugees has never been known. In 20 found 598,600 persons, of whom 468,000 came first-hand knowledge. It grew, in part, from from outside Israeli terr!tory. The census re­ years, no census has been taken by the four a plan I proposed in 1960 after I surveyed the Arab host governments or UNRWA, despite port sta,ted: ". . . The UNRWA figures for refugee camps for UNRWA. At that time, I registered refugees in camps are larger tha.n the urgings of American congressmen and recommended that the oil companies in the senators. The last UNRWA report on the sub­ the total camp population enumerated in the area underwrite a technical-training pro­ census." From the overall census, it can be ject, based on unverified figures, says that as gram. I felt that this would help to empty the of May 31 last year, there were 1,344,576 ref­ concluded that somewhere between 200,000 camps and build positive careers for young and 500,000 refugees of the total of 1.3 mll­ ugees registered, with over 1,109,000 of them Arabs, simultaneously providing skilled work­ sharing in either food and/or lodging, educa­ lion are nonexistent ghosts, many of whom ers who were urgently needed in the devel­ still receive UNRWA aid. tion and health services. More than 532,900 oping oil fields. persons were said to be in 54 refugee camps The methods used by the Israeli census (25 in Jordan, 15 in Lebanon, eight in the In most cases, the fammes of these oil takers have, as anticipated, been challenged Gaza Strip and six in Syria). workers have remained on UNRWA rolls, al­ by UNRWA officials in Beirut. Th.e Israelis, though they live on money being sent from for example, declined to count the grandchil­ U.N. FIGURES CONCEAL BLACK MARKETS, FALSE the oil countries by their breadwinners. The dren of refugees as refugees. But there was REGISTRATIONS AND UNREPORTED DEATHS ration cards have not been turned in, and enough proof in the Israeli census to force Eric Hoffer, San Francisco's famous long­ thousands have turned up on the black UNRWA to start taking an independent sur­ shoreman-philosopher, is certainly a man market. vey of its own at last. I am confident that who cannot be accused of lack of compas­ Large numbers of refugees continue to live the UNRWA findings will radically change the sion. Last spring, in discussing the refugees' on UNRWA rations while hoarding funds sent long distorted view of the nature of the ref­ plight, he said: "The Jews are a peculiar to them by relatives working in the oil fields. ugee problem and change UNRWA itself. people: things permitted to the other nations Many of those I saw fleeing across the Allenby The Israeli census reduced the refugee are forbidden to the Jews. . . . Other na­ Bridge to the East Bank of the Jordan River problem to manageable dimensions, thus tions drive out thousands, even m1111ons of after the Six Day War were leaVing Israeli now permitting some chance of solution. I people and there is no refugee problem.... occupation because they feared their remit­ determined to make an on-the-scene investi­ Everyone expects the Jews to be the only tances from relatives in the oil fields would gation. In March, 1968, I asked for and re­ t"eal Christians in this world." be cut off. ceived a commission from the State Depart­ As a matter of fact, Israel ls largely peopled It worries Commissioner-General Mlchel­ ment to make another survey in Arab coun­ by so-called refugees, most of them from Eu­ more than when UNRWA has wanted to check tries to study on-the-spot what the true ref- rope and at least 500,000 of them-approxi­ on the eligib111ty of those receiving aid, "it ugee pict~re is today. . mately one-fifth of Israel's population-from has met with representations from the host In Beirut, Lebanon, I came upon an aspect Arab countries. Israel not only accepted them government concerned to the effect that of UNRWA's stewardship that may be more as citizens but as assets, and this Judgment such actions would be resented by the ref­ significant than the inflated refugee count. has proved to be correct. ugees and would provoke Violent reactions I met a representative of UNESCO, the United Many of us who view the movement of among them and a disturbance of public Nations Educational, Soientiflc and Cultural displaced people as a social problem rather order." Organization, who ls in charge of the educa­ than a political ploy believe that the Arab The trafficking of ration cards in Joj:danian tional diVision of UNRWA operations in the world, which is so largely underpopulated bazaars became such a flagrant scandal that Middle East. I learned from him that since and so deeply in need of skilled labor, could Michelmore finally got some action. But, in 1961, the UN had given UNESCO responslbll­ benefit greatly from the absorption of the diplomatic 1,anguage, he acknowledged: "In lty for setting refugee educational standards.

l 27084 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 For reasons stlll unknown to me, UNESCO THE POWER OF BLACK THINKING spectives that help me, personally, to under­ until recently had either abdicated its re­ stand some of the real issues that are so sponsibility or had been excluded from the vitally important in this country. important job, which took 42 percent of the HON. DONALD J. IRWIN If you haven't guessed it already, let me $39 million UNRWA budget and involved state very clearly that I'm in basic agreement 187,000 children ia 440 schools. OF CONNECTICUT with the goals of this meeting and the feel­ No one would argue about this big slice of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ings of most of the people here. That's some­ the budget going toward educa,tion of the Monday, September 16, 1968 thing that I probably couldn't have said as refugee children. Through the years, I have little as two or three years ago, in spite of been one of the advocates of technical-train­ Mr. IRWIN. Mr. Speaker, Bruce Gelb, what I've always felt was a pretty good set ing programs for the refugees. My argument president of Clairol, delivered on June of racial attitudes. I, like so many other has always been that one of the greatest 18 of this year an address on "The Power people that you've come to know and help, shortages in the Arab countries has been used to believe that all people were alike and skilled personnel prepared for the tech­ of Black Thinking." He was speaking therefore, all people were to be treated nology of the 20th century. But the educa­ before a group of black leaders in the equally all the time. tional money has been perverted and chan­ Bedford-Stuyvesant area of Brooklyn, I, like so many others, used to think that neled for anti-Jewish hate propaganda. The N.Y. the best favor that I could do a black man schoolchildren were being systematically I should like to insert Mr. Gelb's re­ was, first of all, not to call him black. And brainwashed by their 5,112 teachers, usually marks in the RECORD because I feel they then, to help him in every possible way to themselves refugees who hated Israel. Among act-and look-and be-just like me. the educational materials found in the speak realistically of what both blacks Certainly, "equity" and "empowerment" schools after the Arab military defeat was and whites must do if we are to achieve a were two words that I couldn't have used the infamous Protocols of the Learned Elders socially and economically integrated so­ comfortably a year ago. And by the way, let of Zion, a notorious forgery circulated in ciety. He speaks directly about what can me make it clear-when I talk about equity, Czarist Russia that alleges a Jewish plot to be done today. I'm taking about ownership of apartments, take over the world. The Protocols incited Mr. Gelb tells his audience how it is ownership of homes, ownership of businesses, many massacres of Jews in Russia; later, they as well as equitable treatment for all people. were distributed by the Nazis of Germany today. And he tells us what steps can "Black Power" was a term very frankly that and, in recent years, by the government of be taken today so that we will be better filled me with dread, as I'm sure it did some Egypt. off tomorrow. He tells industry how it of you when it was first articulated. A Syrian first-grade reader declares: "The must employ "black thinking" so as to But I can react to these words now and I Jews are enemies of Arabs. Soon we will res­ be better in tune with today's society of can use them because I think I understand cue Palestine from their hands." A standa.rd both blacks and whites. And he tells the them. I understand them because I've ben­ exercise book is decorated with a map of black community how it can impress efited in a small way from the power of black Israel showing a rocket directed at Tel Aviv. "black thinking" on the corporation. thinking. Another book, for 14-year-olds, asserts: Black thinking is something that was in­ "Israel exists in the heart of the Arab home­ Mr. Bruce Gelb's remarks which I rec­ troduced into my company a number of land. Its extermination is vital for the pres­ ommend to my colleagues follow: years ago by my brother Richard, who at ervation of Arabism and the renaissance of THE POWER OF BLACK THINKING that time was president of Clairol. He's now the Arabs." (An address by Bruce S. Gelb, president of president of Bristol-Myers. He initiated a When UNRWA finally took some steps in Clairol, before the Emergency Convocation program for intelligently meeting marketing response to Israeli complaints and stopped on Urban Distress, Concord Baptist needs and other objectives within the black buying Syrian textbooks for refugee schools, Church, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, community. The basis for this program was Syrian Education Minister Souleyman El­ N.Y.) our own understanding that we would never Khish complained: "The hatred we indoctri­ find the proper approach without the help nate into the minds of our youth from birth Thank you very much ladies and gentle­ of black people. is sacrosanct. . . . It constitutes one of our men. I've been sitting here trying to figure Of course, we already had what was con­ instruments for the protection of our home­ out just exactly why I was here and not the sidered to be a good percentage of black lands and our national heritage." president of General Motors, or the presi­ people working for us in important areas These are the seeds that have borne the dent of the building trades union, or some­ body who could speak in a big gun voice to throughout our company. But they had been fruits of terrorism and war. During 20 years hired simply to do a particular job . . . not of Israeli nationhood, a generation of young the entire United States. My voice, as presi­ dent of Clairol, which is a division of a good to help us enlarge our understanding of the Arabs has been born and bred with no knowl­ total situation. What we needed now was edge of the Jewish state other than this poi­ sized American company, is still a small voice in this country. My guess is that there someone to help us define the total problem sonous brew of lies and incitement to hatred and then to develop programs within the and violence. However, belatedly, changes are are some who could be doing this job a lot better than I'm going to do it today. company that our entire coxporation could taking place. The material brought in from follow. the field by Israeli soldiers could not be First of all, I start thinking about base­ We chose a man with a long-standing denied, and UNESCO now back in the educa­ ball and what happens when you get up record as a human rights activist. He was an tional picture, has removed the worst of the with three strikes against you.... Boy I've experienced and capable businessman with textbooks. The Israeli Government, for the got 'em! Number one, I'm over thirty! That excellent skills and educational background, first time, is satisfied that progress is being means nobody who's important really trusts but he was also a man who understood his made. me. (They probably don't trust you too blackness and felt keenly about its value. much, either, if you're over thirty.) Number ANTI-JEWISH TEACHERS AND U.N.-BOUGHT two, I've got a tie on, and nobody where I've He was a man who just wasn't always going TEXTS BRAINWASH ARAB CHll.DREN to agree with our point of view. He was been during the last few days trusts anybody someone who we knew could add black per­ Former U.S. Sen. Willi.am Benton, a dele­ who's wearing a tie or a collar, or can put spective to our thinking. In the short time gate to UNESCO, told me that the subject of more than five or ten dollars together at one textbooks used in UNRWA schools '"has been he's been with our company, this man has time. changed the basic attitudes of hundreds of brought into sharper relief as a result of the Number three, and this means I'm in real­ hostilities of a year ago" and that a commis­ people within our organization and within ly serious trouble-I'm a businessman and the community that we serve. sion of outside experts would be established nobody trusts a businessman, at least one "to ensure against abuses." He's helped us to learn that all people The heads of families who fled Palestine in who's making a profit! So, if you don't mind, are not alike in this country and he's helped 1948 are now either old or dead. The younger and I'm not doihg it for histrionics or any­ us to learn why. He's helped us to recognize generation should not be penalized and used thing like that . . . I'm going to take off the terrible artificial barriers set up by the as political pawns; the Arab youth deserve my jacket and tie and tell you honestly what white community since the days of slavery the chance to build their lives as self-reliant, our company and what a lot of companies in and to understand our responsibility to use trained citizens of Arab countries. UNRWA this country feel today. all possible resources to help establish a missed an opportunity to perform one of the. They feel deeply and seriously, and they system of equity for everyone. greatest humanitarian missions in the his­ do have a lot of motives for that feeling. As the Governor of this state, Nelson tory of mankind. By permitting itself to be­ They've got a motive of fear and they've got Rockefeller, has said, so often: come a of the Arab governments, by a motive of love and they've got a motive of "The guarantee of equality is not enough. falling into the snare of self-interest, it lost profit and they've got a motive of survival There are those who are way behind in terms of opportunity and we've got to give special its independence. as well. The mandate of UNRWA's operations is emphasis, not only to the equality of this scheduled to expire next June. In the months I want to thank you for allowing me to opportunity but to help them catch up to ahead, the UN General Assembly will be ur­ come here because it does show that you've the years, the generations which have been gently debating the fate of its refugee relief got some faith and some confidence in me, lost to them." agency. Hopefully, this debate will produce and in the company that I represent. I want This understanding has made it possible a new kind of UNRWA, one that will recover also to tell you that this group represents for us to hire other black thinkers in areas its lost opportunity. people who have a set of insights and per- throughout our company-in personnel, September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

labor relations, management and sales and As far as I'm concerned, the business com­ this country, must do it ... yesterday ... other creative fields. We've learned that we munity has got to stop reading about it and right now . . . one hour from now I simply cannot judge black people by the got to stop seeing movies about it and Now I have some suggestions for the black same set of standards that we used before. they've got to get out and see it with their community: We a.re using compensative material and own eyes and feel it. We've got to reach the Number one, take a tip from business and compensative criteria for hiring and training young people who are active, and are waiting set reasonable objectives for yourselves for black employees throughout all the Bristol­ today for a tangible demonstration. today. Recognize the difference between Myers companies. We try to carry this think­ Business does recognize the important role tactical demands and realistic goals. Rec­ ing even into our community activities. it can play in setting the pattern of thinking ognize that the best intentioned people can We've encouraged black sponsorship of co­ and acting of all people in this country. be immobilized by the fear of not knowing operatively owned housing in one city ... Only business can create the economic via­ how to meet immediately all the demands and in the same city, we've even helped with bility for equity. And only the businessman that are made upon them. Single out the the establishment and development of an can make equity an acceptable social pattern most important ones ... concentrate on organization representing hundreds of peo­ in this country. It's a big responsibility-but them ... put your pressure on them ... don't ple in the area.. It's called the Empowerment I believe that the committed of the busi­ take the entire spectrum and expect that Organization of Greater Stamford. And it's ness community understand it. Every day everything is going to be done simultaneously dedicated to helping achieve a. reasonable that roll of committed businessmen gets tomorrow ... Because there aren't enough measure of equity for all citizens in the longer and it includes people today who you resources in the world. But there are enough greater Stamford area.. And we simply would never have dreamed a year ago would resources to solve the most important ones. couldn't have done that without the power have even become involved. I believe that Number two, use the technique of chal­ of black thinking in our company. these businessmen accept their responsibili­ lenge and support. Threats of boycotting are But in some ways what Bristol-Myers is ties today. effective. You would be surprised what it doing is minor, compared to what many of Now I'd like to make some concrete sug­ means when the president of a company the major companies in our country are gestions. Since we're not all alike, I have gets a letter from Mary Jones in Dubuque, doing today. Whitney Young emphasized three suggestions for the black community Iowa. Why you would think the whole world these activities recently in a speech before a and three suggestions for the white business was stopping. There are a lot of people who group of some of the nation's lea.ding busi­ community. don't seem to write complaints to the presi­ nessmen. The Wall Street Journal, just last I would like to address myself first to my dent ... they write to the name of the week, reported favorably on what dozens of friends and associates and competitors in the company and it gets funneled somewhere. large companies are doing. All of this reflects white business community. I'm sorry that When the president of a company gets a the business community's new understand­ more of them don't have an opportunity to letter you'd be amazed how he not only ing of the twofold root of this problem. be here today. makes sure that letter is answ&ed but he First, as long as millions of Americans are Number one, recognize the power of black makes sure it is answered right. economically non-productive, the total so­ thinking . . . get the assistance of the ablest There's another way too . . . and that way ciety must suffer. And secondly, as long ·as black professional help you can. But make is encouragement. And I think it's equally these millions find it impossible to fulfill sure you find people wilUng to think and effective but I don't think it's been done by their own potential as people, our nation talk like black people. Don't try to shape very many people. What I mean by en­ suffers a human loss that we can afford even them in your own image. Encourage them couragement--and it may be a new less. Put it in simple self-interest terms ... to speak out--tell you things you may not thought--is to organize people to do one of if you want to . . . business now recognizes like to hear but which they believe and know two things: to flood a company president that by attacking this twofold problem are right. Don't attempt to solve a problem with his competitor's boxtops to let him forcefully we can increase our Gross Na­ relating to black people without the help of know for sure he isn't getting the busi­ tional Product by a solid 10% within three black people. As good as your own solution ·ness . . . or the other easier way, buy the years. And in my terms that's Just a sta­ might be, it cannot be good enough or ef­ prod~cts of the company that you feel good tistic. That's the smallest part of it. fective enough without the seasoning of about and send the box tops in ... not be­ No percentages can measure how our coun­ black thinking ... and I say, do it now! cause you're going to get something to win try will gain by providing these millions of Number two, resist the temptation to give a contest, but to let that company know people with a fuller, more productive and your money and run. Don't give out of guilt that it's important to be right ... to think more satisfying life. And I see it starting to (but 1f that's the only reason-give), give right ... to act right ... and to do some­ work. out of self-interest. Make sure the organiza­ thing about it. I was in Bedford-Stuyvesant and on the tions you help have the proper commitment You know, we really have to encourage Lower East Side of New York yesterday and to rehabilitation rather than Just relief. Make people to do their best. I know it in my own what I saw really opened my eyes. Among sure they're ready to encourage the active company. I don't care who it is, whether it's other things, I had the privilege of meeting participation of black people. To use our own a vice-president or a brand new mailboy a group called The Real Great Society. They example in Stamford, we insisted that any who's just starting off in the company . . . are a group of dedicated young people who funds we give to the community must be he needs a pat on the back. He needs a llttle are doing a beautiful thing in their own given to organizations that will do this. We bit of encouragement to let him know he's community ... and what they are doing is are not interested in helping people adjust doing well. That's the kind of encourage­ working. to their poverty and general circumstances. ment that I think a company can use. They are rebuilding from scratch and What we do want to do is to give them Number three, Black people must stop they're proving that it can be done. They the strength to move out of poverty and being overly dependent on what many call are getting money from the business com­ move up to opportunity ... and we're doing the niceness of white people. And I think munity, not Just from individuals, and it now. in this group (and I don't want to be overly they're taking kids . . . who as they say . . . Number three, transmit your own per­ critical) compared to some of this younger "were not drop-outs . . . they were push­ sonal involvement and dedication to every­ activist element, that shoe might flt a little outs" ... They were kids that the educational one with whom you come in contact. This is too well. At one time in history many black system didn't properly understand. They a.re particularly true with your own employees people looked for handQuts .from whites .. , trying to give these kids something, and these and managel's at all levels. At Clairol I've· more recently they've been looking for de­ kids a.re coming in on their own time. just appointed an Enabling Oommittee con­ cency. Now you've got to be looking for the They're coming in and having special kinds sisting of department heads throughout the of empowerment and this ls what you of teaching, special kinds of store-front uni­ company to help and encourage all our must demand for the good not just of your versity and prep school education. If you people toward equitable employment policies group but for the good of all America. This could see the pride that comes out of this and practices. Because, you know, it's is what is going to bring the dignity that group, doing it on their own, and if you tough ... you can say something at the every human being ts entitled to, and this ts could look into these ai:ticulate seventeen, top and on the next level down, they really what wm make it possible for you to bring eighteen, nineteen and twenty year olds, it believe it but not quite as much, and on to them your valuable gifts of insight which might make you start to get a little nervous the next level down from that they really are so sorely needed in this country. about your own approach. kind of believe it but, well, not quite as In closing I'm going to paraphrase a little Businessmen must see it. They must see it much as the other one. By the time you get story that's attributed to the late Martin firsthand. They must smell it. And I tell you down, sometimes to where it really counts, Luther King, Jr. He told many times of the this ... You've got to get out there and you're back where you were . . . unless you country minister who said to his congrega­ walk up to that third floor apartment, you've operate every day in evel'y department and tion, "We aren't what we want to be ... and got to look at a so-called community center make sure . . . not like a policeman but we aren't what we're going to be, but thank in its big beautiful building and see the gar­ like an educator. God, we aren't what we were!" bage inside because nobody put up a dime I say we've got to do the same thing with And I say thank God that we white busi­ to take care of it. And you can see what our suppliers, with our customers, with the nessmen are not what we were either. ,ve•ve they're doing with t heir own hands .. . TV networks wh om we support with our ad- not done as much as we should have done scrounging a little paint, scrounging a little vertising and, in short, we must use every either ... but we know there are ways that lumber to start to build. I saw it yesterday opportunity we have to influence the think­ we can move farther and faster and, with the ... and a number of other businessmen saw ing of other people. We must do it now, and power of black thinking as a new alternative, it yesterday. every business and every businessman in we will find those ways. 27086 ' EXTENSIONS OF RE-MARKS - September 16, 1968 CLEANUP CAMPAIGN FOR MONT­ volunteers clean up and paint up their ing the end of the cleanup. The streets CLAIR, N.J. respective properties. Also, a 1-day in­ were hosed down in a grand finale. surance policy was taken out to cover The physical results of the day were any question of liability for the town in astounding: 10 houses were totally ren­ HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. case of accidents. ovated including painting the wood­ OF NEW JERSEY This legal organization facilitated a work and cleaning out the yards. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES psychological necessity. All landlords About 20 parches and window trims Monday, September 16, 1968 were thus contacted by mail and phone were painted. by Miss Menkes bringing their imme­ All 31 houses involved had a thorough Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the town diate attention to the problems in the cleaning job including the removal of in­ of Montclair, N.J., blessed with a for­ area and addressing the grievances of operable cars, washing machines, radia­ ward looking mayor, Matthew Carter, their tenants. tors, and other heavy materials. and town council, and an energetic sani­ Three weeks before the cleanup day The psychological and sociological re­ tation commissioner, Michael Sarageno, a movie night was held in the neighbor­ sults were of equal impartance: and the zeal of a youthful and hard­ hood. "Keep America Beautiful" was First. It helped the residents to organ­ working student, Laurie Menkes, has shown., provided by the Montclair Board conducted a very successful town clean­ ize their grievances into positive action. up campaign. of Education. ,Second. It enabled town personnel to Two weeks before the cleanup day the work closely with the residents and citi­ CLEANUP CAMPAIGN PLANS AND ORGANIZATION, Kennedy Drum and Bugle Corps consist­ zens at large. AUGUST 15-SEPTEMBER 7 ing of about 15 youngsters in the neigh­ Third. It related business concessions The idea for planning the cleanup borhood played in the central shopping to the needs of a ghetto area. originated with Miss Laurie Menkes area of Montclair and handed out flyers Fourth. It showed the general public based on knowledge of similar efforts in publicizing the campaign. what can be done to help a relatively East Harlem and cooperatively in East During this time Miss Menkes wrote small neighborhood at no cost. Orange and Newark. Monsigneur Fox letters to local paint dealers asking for Fifth. It encouraged future organiza­ planned "A thing in the Spring" in East paint donations. After the letters were tion and followup projects as a result of Harlem. Reverend Hegebe.th of Newark followed up with phone calls 130 gallons the day's evident success. and Mr. William Rogers of the East of paint were generously contributed. Followups will be arranged. Mrs. Con­ Orange model cities program organized Miss Menkes arranged with the fire nor already has planned to make house­ a cleanup drive in their respective department for fire trucks to appear the to-house calls to encourage further work municipalities. day of the campaign with the costumed on the houses. This idea will also be im­ Miss Menkes brought the idea to Sparkettes, young girls organized by plemented in other parts of town. Mayor Matthew Carter of Montclair and Captain Luibel of fire prevention. Mrs. Lillie M. Connor, chairman of the Arrangements were made with the Po­ Kennedy Human Relations Project for lice department for the streets to be Youth, Inc. A town committee was blocked off the day of the cleanup. Peri­ MUSKIE OF MAINE formed consisting of Mayor Carter; Mr. odic police checks were also arranged in Michael Sarageno, sanitarian and as­ case of accidents or incidents. sistant to health officer; and Mr. Arrangements were made with the HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI Arnold Gianetti, superintendent of sanitation department for three open OF ILLINOIS public works. A neighborhood com­ dump trucks and one scoopmobile to be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee was formed consisting of Mrs. available for the campaign day. Monday, September 16, 1968 Lillie M. Connor, Mrs. Vernon Page, Mrs. The building department made an in­ Maxine Terrel, Mr. Sylvester Haley, and formal inspection of all the houses in­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, recently Mrs. Virginia Smith. Miss Menkes acted volved to facilities preparation of an ex­ the New York Post carried an excellent as the coordinator and liaison between act house-by-house description of what article by Mr. Warren Hoge on the Dem­ the two groups. would be done the day of the campaign. ocratic candidate for Vice President, Sen­ The neighborhood committee pro­ Final cleanup campaign newsletters ator EDMUND s. MUSKIE, of Maine. ceeded to make house calls to all the were hand delivered by Miss Menkes to This is an excellent biography of the residents involved explaining the idea each resident explaining the results of Senator and I am including it in the REC­ for the project. These personal discus­ the inspection. They were hand delivered ORD today so that all of our colleagues sions followed a block party organized to eliminate mailing cost and also so that can become better acquainted with the by the Kennedy project at which Miss Miss Menkes was available in person to young man who is destined to become the Menkes made a short introductory answer any final questions by the Vice President of the United States. speech to the neighbors in the area ex­ residents. Mr. Hoge's excellent article follows: plaining the cleanup idea. The September 7 cleanup day sched­ MAN IN THE NEWS: MUSKIE OF MAINE Mayor Carter met with several teen­ ule was as follows: (By Warren Hoge) agers in the neighborhood establishing First. 8 a.m. a central cleanup head­ CHICAGo.-Senator Edmund S. Muskie, a a personal relationship with them. The quarters was set up to be manned by Miss Roman Catholic who once aspired to the Menkes all day giving out specific assign­ priesthood, and his flock, thE; diffident and mayor then had a street-corner meeting laconic citizens of Maine, keep a tight rein in the neighborhood to promote the ments to volunteers as they came. in their words and emotions at times of ex­ project. Mr. Michael Sarageno followed the citement. Publicity proceeded throughout the designated listing of the amount of paint The two largest radio stations in Portland summer. Miss Menkes wrote articles for per house and distributed the paint were back playing Dean Martin and Man­ the Montclair Times, a weekly news­ accordingly. tovani records within minutes of Thursday's paper. She contacted about 25 persons Second. At 10 a.m. the fire engines and announcement that Maine's favorite son had from all around Montclair to act as vol­ Sparkettes sirened through the streets been named Hubert Humphrey's running mate. unteer recruiters. Flyers an,d posters were with a dramatic and exciting effect. An elderly Portland man was asked his re­ put in every store in Montclair and flyers Mayor Matthew Carter greeted the resi­ action to the biggest event to strike Down were also distributed to all the public dents and volunteers. Oommissioners East in memory. "Muskie's a good fella so schools. Pettingill and Rosenblatt also made an far's he's been," he remarked with the char­ Thus the idea to have volunteers from appearance. Pictures were taken then acteristic economy of the region. all over town and town personnel come and throughout the day by Detective Portland ship's chandler John Lawless into the designated neighborhood to help Naturale of the police department for found that too wordy. "As a man, he's a f ollowup newspaper publicity. man," he conunent.ed. the residents cleanup, paintup, and Simple, to the point, blunt, they're Muskie fix up the neighborhood became public. Third. At 12 lunch was served provided people. "Sham and pretense grate on him Miss Menkes then met with the Mont­ by the Kennedy project. like sandpaper," a Senate aide said, explain­ clair legal department. Each landlord Fourth. At 7 p.m. the fire engines ing his boss' rapport with his Down East signed a gentleman's agreement to have again went through the streets indicat- constituents. September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27087 Though an imposing figure of a man at he might be a priest," Muskie's sister, Mrs. call on Johnson, Muskie was given sage coun­ 6-foot-5, the lanky senator from Maine has Henry Paradis, 52, recalls. "When he was se1 by the canny Texas legislator. Johnson come upon success in an unimposing fashion. younger-he couldn't have been more than told him that he personally liked to keep his He's practically backed into it. five or six-we lived 1n this apartment house voting options open "until the roll call gets "He's never mentioned the Vice Presidency and the man who owned the building said to the J's." until this year when he has been talked that he thought that when Ed grew up, he Several weeks later, Muskie attended a about'and we've known it was a posslbillty," would either be a bishop or President of the caucus of all the freshmen Senators at which said an old friend of Muskie's, U.S. Court of U.S. Johnson asked for their support ln beating Appeals Judge Frank Coffin, 49, of South The timid youth began to emerge in high back the biennial liberal attempt to change Portland. school where he joined the debating team the Senate rules to weaken the grip fili­ "His attitude about it has been about the and put his towering height to work as a bustering southern Senators could exercise same as his attitude toward Majority Whip high-scoring center in basketball. He grad­ over the body's affairs. The others agreed to in the Senate a year ago, when he was prom­ uated from Rumford High School in 1932 and help Johnson, but Muskie declined to predict lnently named. He just said he wasn't going worked his way through Bates College in how he would go. to push himself," Coffin said. Lewiston as a bellhop at a summer resort and He later voted against Johnson and soon Muskie ls 54, Polish-American, a part-time and as a college waiter and dormitory proc­ after quipped to the majority leader, "I like carpenter and a Democrat but most impor­ tor. He graduated cum laude ln 1936 and to keep my options open until the roll call tantly, he is a native of the state of Maine. attended Cornell Law School, where he gets to M." The region has shaped the man. In the Sen­ earned his LLB three years later. The incident was no laughing matter to ate he ls known for .a calm and deliberate He was establishing a law practice in Johnson. He assigned the upstart to his manner. a tendency to speak softly and Waterville, Me., when World War II called fourth, fifth and sixth requested committees, briefly and a degree of modesty unusual in a him to duty. For the duration of the conflict, passing over Muskie's earnest plea that he be chamber of such towering ambitions. he served as a junior officer on destroyer es­ appointed to the Foreign Relations Commit­ Among many liberals he ls suspect for his corts in the Atlantic and Pacific. tee. hesitance to speak out. To Vice President When he returned to Watervllle in 1945, he "I was frustrated, lonely, dislllusloned and Humphrey however he remained out of a list sought to pick up where he had left off in disconsolate," Muskie remembers. However, of a dozen names the man most qualified building a law practice but abandoned it a in his 10 years ln the Senate, Muskie has to bring peace to the snarling factions of the year later to run for the state legislature. become the leading voice on air and water Democratic party. In 1947 he lost the only election in his pollution and a member of the Senate lead­ The son of a Polish immigrant, he has career when he was defeated in a bld to be­ ership as the chairman of the Democratic gained and kept polltical office through the come the mayor of Watervllle. He was re­ Senatorial Campaign Committee, a fund­ votea of old-line Yankees. A Catholic, he has elected to the state legislature ln 1948 and ralsing group. been elected and reelected in a state that is 1960. In 1948 he became the floor leader of Twice since 1966 he has passed up the predominently Protestant. A Democrat, he the handful of Democrats ln the body. opportunity to advance in the party leader­ represents in Washington a state that is tra­ Soon after his second reelection to the ship because of his deference to the wishes tionally Republican. legislature, he resigned to become Maine of others. In 1965 he decllned to seek the He has earned high marks from his fellow director of the Office of Price Stab111zatlon. office of Majority Whip being vacated by Senators for his thorough preparation and In 1962 he was approached by a group of Hubert Humphrey and deferred instead to his low-key approach. "He is a Senator's Sena­ prominent Democrats to run for the gover­ Sen. Pastore (D-R.I.). The Rhode Islander tor," said Senate Majority Leader Mansfield norship, but he declined because he felt that eventually lost to Sen. Long (D-La.). of Muskie. "He ls a man who eschews pub­ the state party organization was too weak. Early ln 1967 Muskie was widely believed licity, works hard, and has gained a well­ In 1954 he had decided to run for Congress to be in the forefront of candidates for the deserved reputation among his colJeagues for when the same group of men again urged office of secretary of the Democratic confer­ integrity, fair dealing and effectiveness." him to make a bid for the statehouse. He ence, the third-ranking post in the party The Muskie method ls solid homework in reluctantly agreed to try. hierarchy. Instead, he yielded to Sen. Clark the details of legislation, a deferential diplo­ Coffin, then the party's state chairman, (D-Pa.), who in turn lost to Sen. Byrd D­ macy that avoids personal attacks on oppo­ remembers those lean days well: W. Va.). Again the man whom Muskie had nents and an understated eloquence that "He was wllling to run for Congress if we been supporting lost to someone whom harbors and occasionally turns loose stem­ could find a candidate for Governor, for Muskie apparently could have beaten himself. wlnders of speeches. Senator and the two Congressional sea.ts. So Muskie's recent positions have been llberal He is hardly a man to set off explosive re­ a small group of us would stump the state on domestic issues and pro-Administration actions, and in the wake of the Chicago brou­ looking for good candidates. abroad. He has demonstrated tepid support haha, that must be credited as an asset by "We couldn't :find anyone for the Governor for the Administration's conduct of the war Hubert Humphrey. spot and so he agreed to run for that al­ ln Vietnam and has hinted that he ls more Muskie's role in the comin.g campaign ls though that had not been his original idea. inclined than is Hubert Humphrey to halt unclear. Noting his experience in the Senate We put together around him a fine ticket the bombing of the North in the interest of as the floor manager of the Model Citles -blll, and we staged a campaign using radio and speeding up the peace negotiations in Paris. Humphrey quickly handed Muskie the mantle television. In those days it cost us about $85 Muskie married a Watervllle girl, Jane of urban affairs specialist in discussing his for 15 minutes of prime time. Frances Gray, in 1948. The couple has five pick at a press conference announcing the "The whole campaign for the successful chlldren, Stephen, Ellen, Melinda, Martha, choice Thursday. gubernatorial fight and unsuccessful but and Edmund Sixtus Jr. This summer a sixth Like Humphrey, Muskie will also give top creditable fights for the Senate and Congres­ child, Gregory Singleton, 7, a. Negro from priority to reconc111atlon within the party. sional seats, the total amount the state com­ Washington, is spending the summer with A document from the fledgling Humphrey­ mtttee had to handle, was $18,000. the Muskies. He calls them Mom and Dad. Muskie campaign organization says too that "It was an aggressive campaign of visiting Mrs. Muskie ls an able campaigner and has the Maine Senator wlll devote himself to towns and factories and appearing effectively been by her husband's side on political ros­ "federal-state relations." Aware of his Re­ on television. People were ready for a change trums since the early days of hls appearances publican constituency, Muskie has always and I knew that his age and his vigor were at Midwestern Democratic Pulaski Day a.nd been an advocate of local jurisdiction over such that he could look forward to much Kosciusko Festivals. much of the federal legislative program, and more than his two terms as Governor," Coffin He continues today to cultivate a consum­ possibly that explains the added campaign said. ing habit of reading, According-to friends, duty. Aided by the widespread disenchantment he reads political biographies, history and He will also campaign hard. according to with the administration of incumbent Re­ international affairs. Judge Coffin. "When he gets into a fight, publican Gov. Burton Cross, Muskie went on He loves to sw1m in his native state and whether 1t's on a bill or in an election cam­ to win by a margin of 22,376 votes to become around the house he ls an amateur carpen­ paign, he's Just a crackerjack," the jurist said. the first Democratic chief executive of Maine ter. He fishes, hunts, and shoots a high 80 Muskie was born on March 28, 1914 in in 20 years. In 1956, he a.massed the largest ln golf. Rumford, Me., the son of Stephen and Jose­ vote ever given a Maine governor, 180,264. Despite his rise to the state house ln Au­ phine Muskie. His father, now dead, was a In 1968 Muskie decided to challenge Re­ gusta, thence to Washington and now to the tailor who had come from Poland to the publican incumbent Frederick Payne for the nomination for the second highest office in U.S. in 1903 and in the process had changed Senate, rather than seek a third term in the the land, at least one admirer, Mrs. Minerva his name from Marciszewskl. His mother, statehouse. Though the underdog at the out­ Anderson, 72, of Rumford, ls unimpressed by still living today in Rumford, was a native of set, he overwhelmed Payne and became the any change ln his station. Buffalo. first Democratic Senator ever elected by the I wouldn't call him humble," Mrs. Ander­ The parents saw big things in their son's people of Maine. son, Muskie's general science teacher in high future and for that reason gave him the Four yea.rs ago he easily won reelection school, declared, "but he wasn't fresh. He was middle name of Slxtus, after five popes. over U.S. Rep. Clifford Mcintire. Just a nice homey sort of boy. He was always Though quiet and shy as a child, he still In his first weeks in Washington, he com­ very cordial. There's nothing high hat. He's managed to impress people as a boy who mitted a grave error in crossing one of the Just a home tawny. He's very Jolly. He's a would go places. Capita.l's most powerful men, Senate Majority nice boy. "I know at one time a lot of people thought Leader Lyndon Johnson. Paying a courtesy "I think of him as a boy."

. 27088 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 CONGRESSMAN SHRIVER OUTLINES In addition. to these public laws the made to the board of chosen freeholders, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM SUP­ House has passed the Higher Education Bergen County, N.J., by Freeholder D. PORT IN 90TH CONGRESS: WILL Amendments of 1968 and the Vocational Bennett Mazur, and museum director, BENEFIT LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS Education Amendments of 1968, which Bergen County Historical Society, Wayne are being considered in a conference M. Daniels. This report was published in HON . .GARNER E. SHRIVER committee. The adult education amend­ February 1968, and is a very valuable his­ ments and two measures to expand and torical document with relation to the OF KANSAS clarify the national school lunch pro­ early history of Bergen County, a part of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram to reach children not now benefit­ which I have the honor to represent in ing and to prevent discrimination in the Congress. Monday, September 16, 1968 operation of this program have also I would like to include the text of this Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, in Kansas passed the House and are now before report as part of my remarks and have it and across the Nation school doors have the Senate. included in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I opened once again with the usual mixed As a member of the Subcommittee on commend it to th~ attention of my col­ feelings on the part of both students and Labor and Health, Education, and Wel­ leagues, who should find it interesting their parents. There are no such mixed fare Subcommittee on Appropriations, I reading and containing historical in­ feelings, however, regarding the basic have spent a great deal of my time during formation of an era in American history necessities and opportunities involved in the 90th Congress working on the fund­ dating back 190 years. ' our growing educational system. Our ing of these programs. This has meant The report follows: hours, days, and weeks of testimony and Nation has grown and prospered because BAYLOR'S DRAGOONS MASSACRE, SEPTEMBER 28, subcommittee deliberations. This por­ of our insistence upon full and improving 1778--ExCAVATION OF THE BURIAL SITE tion of my work is most gratifying and educational facilities and programs for (A report to the board of chosen freeholders, all, regardless of economic or social rewarding with the realization of the educational needs of our great Nation. Bergen County, N.J.) circumstances. (By D. Bennett Mazur) In recent years, our local, State, and There are pending before the appro­ priate committees. a number of bills, in­ THE DISCOVERY Federal governments have acted, under On the evening of September 28, 1778, ap­ a shared responsibility, to expand these cluding legislation which I have span­ sored, providing for revenue sharing with proximately 120 Dragoons of the Continental facilities and programs to reach both the Army, under the Command of Col. George regular students and those who, for vari­ local and State governing bodies that Baylor, were bivouacked in six barns and out­ ous individual reasons, have not benefited could result in block grant educational buildings along what was then called Overkill from ongoing programs. programs. Block grant assistance would Road and now known as River Vale Road. Dropouts and underachievers have re­ help eliminate redtape and bureaucratic These men were attacked by a vastly superior ceived special attention in the realizat~on delays that have become commonplace force of British troops during the night in under many of the present categorical which some 54 of the Americans were killed that our society and economy as a whole matching grant programs. or taken prisoner. 'l'he incident became suffers when even one citizen is not able known as "Baylor's Massacre." 1 to produce at his full capacity because An unknown number of these men, re­ of the lack of specialized educational or ported to be between 40 and 60 were alleged vocational training. Each such person to have been buried in tanning vats in the represents a tragic waste of a national BAYLOR'S DRAGOONS MASSACRE neighborhood, the location of which was lost resource, a loss which can never be to history by the removal of the mmstone recovered. which once marked the site. HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI In the spring of 1967, a Mr. Thomas De­ In response to this need, the 90th Con­ OF NEW JERSEY marest of Old Tappan wrote me that he gress has adopted and extended many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . thought he knew the location of the mass constructive programs which will benefit grave. He was alarmed because the par­ our local school systems. I supported each Monda.y, September 16, 1968 ticular tract of land had been sub-divided of these bills on the House floor. A brief Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, during for housing development and the developer listing of the measures follows: the Revolutionary War, northern New was installing storm sewers and doing exten­ First, the Higher Education Amend­ sive earth moving. It was Mr. Demarest's fear Jersey was the site of many battles be­ that the gravesite would be lost forever if ments . of 1967, which coordinate, tween the Continental Army and the the work were to be continued. broaden, and strengthen programs for forces of the British. It was not until the last week in July that the training and improvement of the In one of the most pitched battles of the opportunity presented itself to investi­ qualifications of teachers; those times was the one in which the gate the matter. Three college students; Second, an act to improve the college members of the Continental Army, un­ James Fay of Upper Saddle River, Richard work-study program; der the command of Col. George Baylor, Siegel of River Vale, and Brett Dankoff of Third, the Vocational Rehabilitation were attacked by a vastly superior force Tenafly had been employed by the County Amendments of 1967 and 1968 to extend to conduct a research project cataloguing of British troops during the night and in historic sites in Bergen and they were as­ and expand State rehabilitation services, which some 54 of the Americans were signed to verify Mr. Demarest•s contentions. to establish the National Center for Deaf­ killed or taken prisoner. This became Interviews were conducted with several aged Blind Youths and Adults, to provide as­ known as ·Baylor's Massacre. residents of the area who "knew of" the loca­ sistance-for migratory agricultural work­ A year ago, in July, a group of college tion. Their testimony, together with old m~ps ers; and to provide for more goods and students were engaged by the Bergen gave us a general idea of the location. This services for the handicapped; County officials to conduct a research location was deduced to be somewhere in the Fourth, the Elementary and Secondary project cataloging the historic sites in point of the triangle formed by the inter­ Education Amendments of 1967, to Bergen County and to determine the section of River Vale Road and the Hacken­ strengthen, improve, and extend assist­ existence of a mass grave of these Ameri­ sack River at a point where Old Tappan ance programs for elementary and sec­ cans. After studying various maps and Road cro~s the Hackensack and intersects ondary schools; documents, they began excavations in River Vale Road. Fifth, the National School Lunch Act what they believed was the general area According to a book on the subject of Tan­ amendments, to expand food service.pro­ of the graves of these men. ning operations I of the period, such vats grams for children and to allow for the In August 1967, the first find was made would have had to be constructed on the appropriations for some of these pro­ when a better part of a human skeleton bank of a river or a stream to assure a good grams under Health, Education, and was uncovered, but because of the crowd­ water supply, since water for the tanning Welfare functions rather than Depart­ ing by a curious public, work was stopped. solution had to be lifted from the river by ment of Agriculture appropriations as in Two weeks later, with the assistance of hand. The tanning operation itself was the past; and the Bergen County Historical Society, Sixth, Higher Education Act amend­ 1 The Revolutionary War in the Hacken­ excavation was resumed and many skele­ sack Valley, Adrian Leiby, Rutgers University ments which provide immediate assist­ tons and other evidence was uncovered. Press, 1862. ance for students enrolling this month Mr. Speaker, a report on this massacre 2 Tanning Operation in the United States under student assistance programs. and the excavation of the burial site was Before 1840, Library of Congress. September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27089 usually comprised of three hogheads sunk This created some conflict with local patriot to be restrained from killing prisoners by into the ground, each containing a varying militia who resented Clough's dealings with their officers. This stirred the Light Infantry concentration of solution. A fourth vat above shady characters and were suspicious of his still further so that at the Battle of Mon­ the surface was for a liming solution to motives. Washington, himself, had to request mouth Courthouse, when ordered to charge, prepare the skins for tanning by removing local militia to cease interfering with they outran their support and had to be hair and fatty matter. A m1llstone was em­ Clough's mission.4 rescued-much to their embarrassmen1r-by ployed to grind bark for the tannic acid and In September of 1778, the British sent for­ Grenadiers. Their hatred of rebels became oyster or clam shells for the lime. aging expeditions into New Jersey, West­ so great that when the British Peace Com­ It was assumed that the chore of carrying chester and Long Island to provision the mission arrived in Philadelphia, they rioted as many as 60 bodies any distance would British Army in New York and also to pro­ in the streets in protest, and hung Lord have overwhelmed those few Americans vide for an expeditionary force being sent North and Lord Germaine.in effigy. available to perform the task,3 and that the by Clinton to the West Indies. The area be­ It was these same light infantry men who vats would have been ready-made graves tween the Hackensack River and the Hudson were in the vanguard of General Grey's col­ close at hand. On Thursday, July 20th, the River was selected since it offered the op­ umn as it proceeded north, unaware of the young men, together with Thomas Demarest, portunity of keeping both flanks covered by a inexperienced, poorly armed dragoons sleep­ began exploratory digging. They dug river while moving from South to North. Five ing in their path. When the word reached trenches along the banks of the river and thousand troops under Cornwallis were sent Grey of their presence he decided to attack made experimental test holes in search of over from New York on the 22nd. They took them immediately. disturbances of earth strata which might up entrenched positions from New Bridge In Grey'·s column were the Second Battalion indicate an earlier excavation. (River Edge) to Liberty Pole (Englewood) of Light Infantry, the Second Battalion of Plagued by insects, heat and skepticism, and began sending out their foraging parties. the Grenadiers, the 33rd and 64th Regiments they continued for two weeks until on Au­ The Continentals immediately set up a of Foot, and a small detachment of cavalry. gust 7th after directions had been given to perimeter of troops from Newark to Clarks­ Grey ordered his light infantry to attack from abandon the search at the close of the day, town on the Hudson. The 3rd Dragoons at two sides. Major John Maitland with six com­ one last experimental hole was tried and it Paramus were part of that arc. panies continued along the road to kill or revealed a human thigh bone about two feet On September 27th, Baylor moved to Har­ capture the entire patrol stationed at the below the surface. I had this identified by ingtown where he felt he could better watch bridge. Major Turner Straubenzee, with the the County Medical Examiner, Dr. Lawrence the British. He took quarters with Clough in remaining six companies was led by Tory Denson and by nightfall the better part of a the home of Cornelius Haring, a known Tory, guides along pathways and narrow lanes to human skeleton, lying on its back was re­ while his men were quartered in six build­ the dragoon encampments from the West vealed. The next day the remainder of the ings along the road. He posted a guard at where the Edgewood Country Olub now exists. bones were revealed along with some very the bridge across the Hackensack and set out At 2:00 A.M. the attack was launched. fine artifacts, an assortment of buttons and a small patrol, but posted no sentries to the The cry of "Kill Him! Kill Him!" and a silver stock buckle. West. He allowed his men to remove the "Skiver Him!" went up as the Light Infantry At this juncture the Bergen County His­ saddles from their mounts and to undress, surrounded the barns and went to work. torical Society asked us to continue • • • hardly the sort of security measures to take A few shots were fired from pistols and a curious public was crowding the site making in enemy territory. The son of the farmer feeble defense with sabers was made. Some work difficult and creating risks to discovery, also warned Col. Baylor of the proximity of of the dragoons attempted to hide under so I directed that all digging be stopped until the British, but he paid no further heed. the hay in the barns but were bayonetted and we could avail ourselves of professional When word reached Cornwallis of the bayonetted until the blood was said to have assistance. proximity of Continental troops to the North run through the floor boards and collected At this junction the Bergen County His­ and West, he decided to move immediately, in puddles on the ground below. Some men torical Society asked us to continue with the since his foraging parties would be in danger. were taken prisoners, some escaped. Many excavation and recommended Mr. Wayne His object was to attack four hundred Amer­ were wounded, some as many as sixteen Daniels, their museum director, as the proj­ icans at Tappan, under Lt. Col. Gilbert times.6 Accounts indicate that about fifteen ect archeologist. He was retained and two Cooper and took his troops up Schrallen­ were killed on the spot and some died later. weeks later work was resumed. His report is berg Road (the militia, unknown to him, had The British clubbed their prisoners and bayo­ included in this paper. withdrawn) while Major General Grey with netted them but few of the wounds were four regiments proceeded up Kinderkaniack fatal. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Road to attack from the West. Colonel Baylor and Major Clough were The discovery focused attention of local The personality of Major-General Charles backed into the chimney of the farmhouse historians on the background of the mas­ Grey had a great deal to do with the events in which they were billeted and eventually sacre and research has evolved a fascinating of the night. He was known as the "ugliest cut down with bayonets. Clough died of his story of human failure and military tragedy. man in America," and evidently did not earn wounds several days later and Baylor of his Baylor at Old Tappan, a lengthy paper by this sobriquet for his physical appearances wounds two years afterwards. Both were re­ Edward O. Mills of New York City, which will alone.5 At Paoli a year earlier, he had'led his leased by the British before their death. The soon be published by K-S Publications of light infantry in a night attack with the prisoners and wounded were all taken come P.O. Box 155, Saddle River, New Jersey, tells removed from their rlfies to keep them daylight to Tappan (by way of Orangetown) the story in all its details. I will summarize from accidentally firing and alarming Gen­ where the church was converted into a hos­ it here. eral Anthony Wayne's troops and forcing pital.7 Col. George Baylor was only 26 years old them also to rely on the bayonet. For the On October 6th, after reports reached Phil­ in the summer of 1778. He had no military massacre that resulted, he gained a new nick­ adelphia of the tragedy, Congress decided to experience other than his short service as an name, "No-" Grey. investigate. A resolution was prussed that the aide to General Washington before he was Out of the massacre of Paoli came a bitter Governor of New Jersey, William Livingston, given command of a regiment. As his second rivalry. Shortly afterwards, Wayne's troops be directed to inquire. Both Livingston and in command, Washington assigned Major sent word to the British Light Infantry to Washington requested Major General Lord A1exander Clough, a seasoned soldier who "be on their guard as no quarter would be Stirling, Commanding Officer of the area to was one of Washington's intelligence officers. shown them." The Light Infantry or "Light direct the investigation. Stirling sent Dr. The regimen1r-the Third Virginia Dragoons, Bobs" as they were known, stained the white David Griffith, surgeon and chaplain of the the Third Continental Dragoons or Lady feathers on their helments red to spare other Virginia Brigade to get affidavits from some Washington's Guards, was assigned light units from the Continental's revenge. The of the troopers and officers who had escaped. duties-reconnaisance and escort. It was light infantry battalions were formed from Accounts of the number killed or taken lightly armed. The men carried sabers and the light companies of each regiment in the prisoner kept riGing and word of the massacre there were a few pistols-but no muskets at army. They were very fast and provided great spread both throughout the Colonies and to this early date. Both Baylor and Clough per­ flexibility. England it was reported that any credit due formed these intelligence functions and the At Germantown, Wayne's troops were mer­ to the Light Infantry "was entirely buried regiment at this particular period at times ciless against the Light Infantry and had in the barbarity of their behavior.'' s kept outposts as far south as Fort Lee. The Dr. Griffith's account became the official regiment itself was often at the outpost in 4 G W 417, Papers of George Washington, version of the losses actually incurred. Out Paramus. Library of Congress. During the summer of 1778, the Dragoons 6 "After his (Grey's) arrival in New York, 6 Pvt. Julian King received 16 stab wounds, were stationed at New Bridge where Major his first act was to advise his superiors that, George Wyllis and Southward Cullency each Clough was instructed to question any and in any engagement in which he was the com­ received 12 wounds. The Remembrancer, pg. all going into New York City. He was fur­ manding officer, the assignment would be 294, Rare Documents Section, N.Y. Public ther requested by Washington to recruit carried out with the maximum cruelty per­ Library. spies to gather information in New York. mitted by t he then recognized rules of war­ 7 This same building was used two years fare. One of the maxims of that code . . . later for the trial of Maj. John Andre and s Pension records indicate that militia was that in a night attack, no quarter would his sentencing to be executed. Capt. John Haring said he was detiiiled to be given." Baylor at Old Tappan, unpublished 8 From a letter from Col. Charles Stuart help bury the men. paper by Edward 0. Mills. to his father, the Earl of Bute. 27090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 of 104 enlisted men, 67 were killed, wounded BmLIOGRAPHT Our "Regulars" who stayed with the project or taken prisoner, the remaining 87 appar­ Manuscripts despite all adversities number a.bout 86, with ently escaped unhurt. Eleven were k11led periodic help from abouit 60 more. The value New York Historical Society: Alexander of these good people is obvious from the outright, four were left behind and died later. Papers. Thirteen were left behind wounded and sub­ above figures. The project would have been New York Public Library: New York Jour­ impossible to complete without their efforts sequently recovered. Thirty-nine were pris­ nal and Weekly Advertiser, John Holt, Editor. oners in New York, eight of whom were and good wm. wounded. This would indicate, then th.at Periodicals An educational program was also insti­ somewhere between 11 and 16 were buried New Jersey Historical Society Proceedings, t\llted because of the unprecedented volume in the tanning vats, not the 40 or 60 figure January, 1926. of visitors to the site. A portable display of artifacts in clear plastic boxes was created originally believed. Original printed materials Research by Mr. Howard Durie of West­ and a special weather-proof housing and wood indicated that the tanning vats and J. Almon: The Remembrancer, 1778-1779. framework erected to allow the three intact some of the barns used for b1llets were not Historical Anecdotes. dragoons in tannery vat No. 2 to be viewed. on the property of the Harings, but on the A List of Officers of the Army, 1778. School groups and Scout groups ca.me from property of Cornelius Blauvelt, a patriot. Issues by the War Office, London, June 4, as far away as Hackensack and Suffern. One Blauvelt•s father was a cordwainer and in 1779. group from Hillsdale included more than addition to farming, made leather during Printed works 200 fourth graders. No count Wa.8 kept of the summer and leather goods during the Boudinot: Life of Elias Boudinot, Edited visitors but there could not have been less winter months. There is nothing to show that by J. J. Boudinot. than 3600 adults and children and the num­ Cornelius had followed in his father's foot­ Flexnor: James T. Flexnor, The Traitor ber may have been as high as 7000. In this steps and Mr. Daniels' excavations indicated and the Spy, Benedict Arnold and John manner, many were allowed t,o witness an that the vats were not in use at this particu­ Andre. experience in living history enacted before lar time. It, therefore, presented an ideal Fitzpatrick: John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor. their eyes, an event that may never again place for the burial of 11 or 16 bodies by Writings of Washington from the Original come to Bergen County. m111tiamen who feared the sudden re-ap­ Manuscript Sources. ARCHEOLOGICAL PROCEDURE AND TECHNIQUE pearance of the British. Ford: W. C. Ford, Editor. Journals of the Continental Congress. At the outset a grid pattern was projected The land across the road from the barns covering the probable area of excavation. In was in use as a cornfield and whea.tfield at Jones: Thomas Jones, History of New York during Revolutionary War. the interests of time and because of the neg­ the time and for many years afterwards. Lo­ ative probabllity of excavation in adjacent cal legend has it that a later Blauvelt desired Kemble: "Journals of Lt. Col. Stephen Kemble". or related areas, a master grid system con­ to have the stone removed because it inter­ sisting of a surveyed one thousand foot fered with cultivation of the land. A neigh­ New York Historical Society Collections, 1883. square subdivided into decimal units was bor, W1llia.m Holdrum, was one day boasting rejected in favor of a simple grid divided of the prowess of a new team of horses and Leiby: Adrian C. Leiby, the Revolutionary War in the Hackensack Valley. into six foot squares. The base line of the Blauvelt bet him that the team couldn't grid was projected at the waters' edge on move the stone with the stone as the prize. Moore: Frank Moore, Editor. Diary of the American Revolution. the river bank parallel to the immediately It took Holdrum three days to get the stone adjacent portion of the Hackensack River. out of the bole it had made for itself and to Newbolt: Sir Henry Newbolt, History of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Each square within the grid is identifiable by drag it down the road to his house. Holdrum alphabetical-numerical co.. ordinates to give dropped it on this lawn. The millstone was Infantry. Sparks: Jared Sparks, Editor. the whole area a frame of reference. A plot donated to the River Vale Board of Education map was drawn and a record of the area kept by a Holdrum descendent and Iles imbedded The Writings of George Washington. Correspondence of the Revolution, Letters on that map as work progressed. A supple­ in the lawn of the Holdrum School. Cultiva­ mentary map showing the original topog­ tion of the field was abandoned about the to Washington. Whiteley: E. S. Whiteley, Washington and raphy of the area at the time of colonial oc­ turn of the century and the area is now His Aides-de-Camp. cupation will be prepared. covered with a secondary growth of the tree. Wortley: Mrs. E. Stuart-Wortley, A Prime Stratigraphy of the area was explored as CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Minister and His Son, from the oorrespond­ the first step of actual excavation. Test holes The primary thing accomplished was the ence of the 3rd Earl of Bute and of Lt. Gen. dug by the exploratory party were examined location of the grave site. Having found this, Sir Charles Stuart. and the site excavation began with digging out squares C-1, C-2, C-3, and C-4. This speculation now has arisen as to the accuracy Collections of Dr. Griffiths' reports. Only six bodies are accomplished the standard technique of in­ accounted for and the vats have all been lo­ Appleton, Cyclopedia of American Biog­ dividual grid square exploration and a type cated. Either Dr. Griffiths is wrong, or there is raphy. of large scale trenching at the same time. Library of Congress; Papers of George Since C-1 spanned the concrete culvert layed a second burial site. Washington. in about July, 1966, we were assured of be­ The second benefit derived from the proj­ New Jersey Archives, Second Series, Vol­ ginning our excavation in back-filled soil ect has been the interest aroused both in the ume 2. and gradually working into the original soil. ·history of Bergen County and in the particu­ In this manner the specific stratigraphy of lar undertaking. As Mr. Daniels states in his New Jersey Archives, Second Series, Vol­ ume 3. the area could be most safely profiled and report, somewhere in excess of a thousand studied so that disturbed areas would be school children from Bergen and Rockland INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS (By Wayne M. Daniels) readily recognizable when encountered. Counties visited the site and saw the work Throughout the excavation six 3' by 6' being carried on. After two weeks of exploratory exoavation screens of %, " mesh were used to sift all Work at the site ceased in early November. the first human remains at the Blauvelt Tan­ surface soil (humas and topsoil) and all As I stated to members of the Board this nery-Baylor's Dragoons Burial Site were un­ soil from disturbed areas, regardless of the summer, the artifacts have been turned over earthed on August 7, 1967. On August 22nd, chronological period of disturbance. Th\s to the Historical Society and the remains of Mr. Thomas Demarest, Archeologlcal Asso­ technique produced a significant percentage the Dragoons have been lifted from the earth ciate, and myself, Archeologist, began the of the artifacts recovered, virtually all of and placed in boxes preparatory to reinterral. concentrated archeological site excavation. In the shell, and, in the case of Dragoons #2 It is my recommendation that the County view of the special and ununusual nature and # 6, the majority of their skeletal re­ acquire a strip of the land a.long the River­ of the project, several practices were insti­ mains, (see: descriptions of skeletal remains) . bank and convert it into a small park. It tuted. Excavation techniques varied considerably, would be possible to construct a parking lot The first was a voluntary seven day week depending on the circumstances. In the case for five to ten cars along the road and then because of the approach of fall, and to pro­ of formerly plowed ground encountered up­ build a pa.th with occasional benches along vide security for the site which rapidly be­ stream from the tannery vats and back-filled the riverbank to the site, a distance of about came well known throughout the County. soil placed below and around the culvert, 76 yards. The second was the acceptance and selection the stratigraphy had been destroyed by those It seems to me that the skeletons should of a voluntary work force of adults and young disturbances. Consequently the soil was re­ be reinterred at this site and some sort of people, partly because of an unprecedented moved carefully with shovels and screened small monument or marker be placed there. local interest in the project, but primarily for artifacts. The same was done in pe­ Both the County Historical Society and Pa.s­ because completion of the project would ripheral testings of presumably undisturbed ea.ck Chapter of the D.A.R. have expressed in­ have been impossible any other way. These areas, and in checking presumably undis• terest in having this done and have offered volunteers were extensively schooled in stra­ turbed areas below disturbed areas. assistance. tigraphy, excavation techniques, and Fine excavation was accomplished with I am sure tha. t the County of Bergen can indentificatlon. As they became more proft­ small 6" trowels, clay sculptors' tools, and accomplish these things promptly and can cent, they were advanced to more responsi­ brushes. Whisk brushes, normally used as promote a little interest in the history of the ble positions. A conservative estimate of the an aid in fine excavation were useless since area, a responsib111ty with which Statute total number of work hour expended by the soil has a high clay content and such 40:32-6 charges it. these volunteers ls from 3,600-6,000 hours. brushing only served to burnish the soil September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27091 rather than gently remove it. Sculptors' tools and a.bout 40 hand wrought nails from the cornfield, eliminating the possibility of of metal wire and wood more than adequately vat. studying the upper stratigraphy of the area. replaced the stiff brushes. Hides were normally washed in llmewater Installation of a culvert to channel the A mixture of both profiling (vertical plan­ to loos~n hair and flesh. Evidence of this stream, act as a storm drain, and tap local ing) and planing (horizontal planing) was practice was found in the large quantity of springs severely disrupted portions of the site, used to "read" the soil and its stratigraphy. oyst& shell fragments (a.bout 10 to 15 desecrated one of the dragoons and seriously For example, profiling was the only prac­ pounds) found at the site. None were found reduced the productivity of the excavation tical way to delineate the vat walls or the on the imm.ediate surface of the ground, but from the archeologlcal vlewpoln t, after the bracing around the fulcrum post of the tan­ where the vats were fllled in, the soil was site had been comparatively undisturbed nery stone. Planing was the only way to dis­ invariably heavily mixed with shell, pre­ for 187 years. inter the Dragoons who were intact. Since served by being buried. Conditions at the outset of excavation were these men had been buried within vats, both There ls reason to believe that the tannery not promising. Most such "digs" are planned techniques were used adjacent to each other. was abandoned, possibly when the property during the winter and begun in April or May SITE REVIEW came into the hands of Cornelius D. Blau­ to allow at least 5 months for actual excava­ velt, later a. Lieutenant in the Bergen County tion. However, as field work approaches its The first occupants of this site were the conclusion it can be said that things have Amerinds, Ta,ppan Indians of the Leni­ M111tia. This was confirmed a.rcheologically by a thick ( 1" to 3") layer of leaf mold gone better than we dared hope for. The most Lenape. This is adequately testified to by the critical areas have been properly excavated quantities of flint chips, fire broken and dis­ found at the bottom of one corner of va.t # 1. If abandoned, the drifting leaves would have and the information extracted ls highly colored stone, projectile poin:ts, hide rewarding. scrapers, a stone , an~ a stone gorget. collected in the empty vat. This helps to clarify the presence of the skeletal remains Until this time, no eighteenth century farm Earthenware fired shards were found tannery had ever been excavated in America. throughout the area and are exclusively of of six men in the vats. This improvised bur­ ial is a product of Baylor's Massacre, and the All information of this critical aspect of the Bowman's Brook type, stamped, im­ colonial life came solely from documents and pressed, and incised. These artifacts point abandoned vats must have offered a. ready made grave for a field burial by the Bergen European precedents of the period. We now to the Woodland period, before contact with know a great deal about how leather was Europeans, with the exception of one County Militia, especially wt.th the British only 4 miles away. The remains-and the arti­ made here in Bergen County. It is interesting Lamoka , made of clear to note that the Tappen-Hackensack area was . The areas bearing Amerind artifacts facts found with them are described in a. separate section, but it should be mentioned a major producer of leather for the Con­ were all dis,turbed during various later tinental Army during its formation. periods of occupation, wiith the exception that the pewter buttons (~16 " diameter) in the best condition from vat #2 bore a "BD" The attack upon Colonel Baylor's Dragoon's of the south bank of the stream replaced was not a ma.ssacre in the conventional sense, by the culvert. There is no opportunity to monogram, and were of a type often pro­ duced in America under private contract for and perhaps it has been misnamed. Certainly extensively excavate this area, so it will be documentary evidence referring to as many as left with as little disturbance as possible for various units of the Continental Army. Aside from all other corroboratory evidence these twenty bayonet wounds in survivors and the future potential excavation. evidence of the cause of death of dragoon The Am.erican colonial period was marked buttons definitely identify the buried men as members of Baylor's Dragoon Regiment #4 (see Appendix) indicate that a more care­ by the erection of a tannery, presumably fully chosen term might be "atrocity". built and operated by Arie Blauvelt during (Third Regiment of Light Horse). Two men were found in vat #1, three men in vat #2, The fact that the men were located and or before 1758, when he was listed as a cord­ identified as troopers of Baylor's Dragoons is wainer (shoemaker). Considerable specific and one man in vat #3. They were arbitrarily assigned numbers for ease of identification of considerable historic importance. The fact data was obtained by proftling the tannery that at least five bodies were not found is vats and the molds or stains of their and frame of reference. There is reason to believe that dragoon #2 (vat #1) was disin­ frustrating by answering some of our ques­ structW"al members, and the positioning of tions with more questions. While dragoon #1 their nails. terred in about 1916 by a boy then about ten years old, and re-interred by that same lad has every appearance of being an officer from The three vats were built by digging a hole his buttons and stock buckle, the only officer larger than the desired size of the vat and upon the order of his irate father. This would explain the sound but scattered condition of recorded as having been killed in the action constructing a rectangular vat of upright ls Major Clough, Washington's chief of in­ posts covered on the inside with boards 1" that body, which was found below the level of later disturbance, and the presence of a telligence for the west bank of the Hudson to 11,4" thick. The vat was then baick-filled River. Supposedly, Clough died of his wounds around the outside with care taken to place twentieth century pocket knife near it. This story was brought to us by the man himself, after the massacre, presumably with the as many stones as possible directly against other wounded who were taken to Orange­ the vat wall for bracing, since the vat was to now in his 50's, and will require further study and interviews. town. be filled with water. There are still areas that should be ex­ The tannery stone, handcut from sand­ Dragoon # 6 and indeed all of vat #3 were scraped up by earth moving machinery and cavated at the site. We do not now believe stone about 4¥:z' in diameter and 16" thick them to be critical, but cannot be certain served to crush oak and hemlock bark into backfilled around and even partially under the culvert. The only means of recovering unless they are explored. These include what powder called tannin. Alternate layers of is left of the bank itself, the rise above the tannin and hide were placed in the vats this body was to excavate the entire area and carefully screen it. Even so, less than 50% of tannery vats, the previously mentioned area which were then filled with water and the of Amerind occupation and the area 100 to long tanning process began. Evidence of the dragoon #6 has been found, and all of that badly broken and crushed. 200 feet inland from the river. The advanced stone's former location was a depression on state o~ the weather precludes any possib111ty the rise upstream from, and adjacent to the It was possible to carefully excavate of working extensively in these areas. vats. According to tradition, the stone was dragoons #3, #4, and # 5 in such a manner Taken as a whole, the archeologlcal excava­ removed at about the turn of this century, that their remains were exposed in exactly tion has been a success. Local historians have but the depression it made as it settled for the positions they were burled, and to mark stated that they consider it to be the most a century and a half was the most important the position of each of their buttons as they historically important enterprise undertaken clue to locating the entire site. (The stone were exposed. This aspect of the excavation in their memory. The public and certainly now rests in front of Holdrum Sohool, River­ took a specially trained team approximately many school children have been afforded a vale, N.J.). The large vertical fulcrum or 18 days to complete. remarkable opportunity to witness and in­ pivot post hole was found intact for about Artifacts found with the skeletal remains volve themselves in the re-discovery of men one foot of its depth which was removed by include shirt, breeches, waistcoat, regimen­ who gave their lives to give life to their cultivation, the area having been a corn field tal coat buttons of several distinct types, and country. Of equal importance ls the fact that until about 30 years ago. Originally a hori­ a silver stock buckle. As previously men­ a governmental unit, the Bergen County zontal boom or axle was attached to this post tioned, the vats were full of shell fragments Board of Freeholders, has endorsed a project a.nd ran through the center of the tannery which tend to sweeten the soil and aid to keep alive our local heritage, for perhaps stone which stood upright on edge and skeletal preservation. the first time. was drawn in a circle by a draught At this time there ls every reason to believe It ls to be hoped that this site with its animal to crush the tan bark. The fulcrum that there are no more vats or bodies at the multiplicity of historic importance can, in post was originally 15 in-ches in diameter, Tannery Site. Test trenching around the one fashion or another, be preserved, and a and very heavily braced with stone below periphery is being concluded with no result serious effort be made to find the other five ground and extended perhaps 3 ,'2 to 4 feet other than sterile, undisturbed soil and slain dragoons. below ground level.. An additional post mold Amerind artifacts. Since the tannery ts the approximately eight feet from the fulcrum southerly most point affected by the Mas­ APPENDIX---SUMMARY OF HUMAN REMAINS post mold has been found and is unexplained sacre, which actually took place in an area AND AssocIATED ARTIFACTS at this time. about Y:z of a mile long, it seems likely that DRAGOON NO. 1 (VAT NO, 1) Artifacts from the tannery include half there is another burial somewhere along Skeletal Remains approximately 90% com­ of a curved hide scraping or fleshing knife, Rivervale Road in a northwesterly direction. plete. an iron hide hook used to remove and turn Within modern times the northerly area of Estimated Age at tune of death, 40-50 over the heavy, soaked hides in the vats, the site has been plowed and planted as a years. 27092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 Estimated Height, 5'6". probably bayoneted first, and then killed young husband not been killed in Viet­ Regimental Coat Buttons, Sheet Sheffield with the musket's butt in the efficient and nam, and I am hopeful that the commit­ Silver with wood backer (decomposed), time honored military technique, still in use tees of Congress will consider this bill 11/16" diameter, flat faced. today. Waistcoat Buttons, Sheet Sheffield Silver DRAGOON NO. 5 (VAT NO. 2) as a tribute to the young husband who with bone backer (intact), 9/16" diameter Skeletal Remains approximately 35 % com­ felt that his return to Vietnam was convex face. plete. "something he had to do,'' and that this Silver with bone backer (intact), 9/16" Estim01ted Age at time of death, 20-30 Congress wiU pass this bill before ad­ diameter con vex face. years (height unknown). journment. Breeches Buttons, Cast pewter with traces Buttons, same as #3. Following is the story from the Mis­ of silver gilt, 9/16'·' diameter. souri Weekly, giving the details of the Shirt Buttons, Bone ( originally fabric cov­ DRAGOON NO. 6 (VAT NO. 3) ered) , ¥:! '' diameter. Skeletal Remains approximately 25 % com­ situation as it now exists, and which has Stock Buckle, Sterling Silver, Hearts & plete. brought forth letters and support from Flowers decorative motif, marked "Z.B." Comments: This soldier was severely dam'­ every section of the country as is indi­ (Zacariah Brigden, Boston Silversmith). aged and scattered over a wide area. It was cade by the calls and inquiries I have Comments: It seems virtually certain that necessary to reconstruct his skull to make had from many Members of Congress this man was an officer by reason of the sure that there was not more than one body living in many different States: nature of the clothing buttons and the stock in vat #3. As noted, his remains were dam­ buckle. aged and scattered by an earth moving ma­ [From the Mi~souri Weekly, Sept. 7, 1968] DRAGOON NO. 2 (VAT NO. 1) chine in about July, 1966. Few conclusions IMMIGRATION RULES SPECIFIC: KENNETT WAR Skeletal Remains approximately 50 % com­ can be drawn from his remains, and he may WIDOW FACES DEPORTATION FROM UNITED plete. have been unclothed at the time of his STATES AS A RESULT OF IiER HUSBAND'S Oomments: This body was sea ttered and burial. DEATH; MRs. BOGARD FLOYD WANTS TO RE­ incomplete and may have been unclothed at MAIN HERE the time of burial. (By Jack Stapleton, Jr.) DRAGOON NO. 3 (VAT NO. 2) WAR WIDOW FACES DEPORTATION Although it is almos,t unbelievable, a FOLLOWING DEATH OF HUSBAND young Kennett war widow is now facing de­ Skeletal Remains approximately 95 % com­ portation from this country-because her plete. IN COMBAT IN SOUTH VIETNAM husband was killed in South Vietnam. Estimated Age at time of death, 16-17 The young woman, 20-year-old Mrs. Bogard years. Floyd, whose husband was killed earlier this Estimaited Height, 5'4". HON. PAUL C. JONES year by Viet Cong snipers in South Vietnam, Regimental Coat Buttons, Cast Brass, has been told by officials of the U.S. Immigra­ 1 Ya '' diameter. OF MISSOURI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion Office that her right to remain in the Buttons, Cast Pewter, 9/16" diameter, United States has been cancelled because monogrammed "BD" in intertwined script, Monday, September 16, 1968 she is no longer married to an American. bear traces of silver gilt. Also, Sheet Brass Born in Kobe, Japan, Mrs. Floyd first en­ foil, bone backer, % " diameter. Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, tered this country on a student visa in order Comments: The large brass coat button I have today introduced a private bill to to attend school, and for three years at­ was one of two fou:~d in vat No. 2, and is guarantee U.S. citizenship to the widow tended and was then graduated from Kennett atypical. The smaller pewter and brass but­ of a young soldier, who on his second High School. Shortly after her graiduation tons were apparently worn on both breeches · tour of duty in South Vietnam, was here, she met and fell in love with Floyd, and the upper garment which may have son of Mrs. Ora Floyd of Kennett, and the been a short regimental coat, sleeved waist­ fatally wounded and died as a result of those combat wounds on March 16, 1968. two were married. coat, coatee, or stable jacket. The same but­ Floyd, having already spent one tour of tons were found with Dragoons No. 4 and Although it is almost unbelievable, a young duty in South Vietnam, felt strongly about No. 5 in quantity. Kennett war widow is now facing deporta­ U.S. efforts in the small Southeast Asian DRAGOON NO. 4 (VAT NO. 2) tion from this country-because her husband nation and decided to reenlist and return was killed in South Vietna.m. Skeletal Remains approximately 35% com­ again. This Spring, Viet Cong machine-gun plete. The above quotation is the lead para­ fire snuffed out his life. Estimaited Age at time of deaith, 18-19 graph in a story which appeared in the At the same time, the death of Sgt. Floyd years (height unknown). September 8 issue of the Missouri Weekly, also ended, as far as federal laws were con­ Buttons, same as #3; also Pewter, %" cerned, Mrs. Floyd's right to remain in this in diameter with a Lonzenge design in each published at Kennett, Mo. The story was country-a. country her husband gave his of the divided quarters. written by the publisher of the paper, life for. Fabric: Beneath the pelvis, under two of Jack Stapleton, Jr., who is the publisher No longer technically married to an Amer­ the pewter buttons on the tail of the coat of the Daily Dunklin Democrat, also pub­ ican citizen, Mrs. Floyd has been told by Im­ were found two roughly circular scraps of lished at Kennett. migration officials that when her school­ white wool fabric from the regimental coat. The story, together with a photograph ing is ended-she is now enrolled in a Mem­ These are the only fabric artifacts from the of Mrs. Bogard Floyd, holding a picture phis business college--she will be forced to site. They were preserved by the compara­ leave the United States and return to her tively constant moisture level, and by chem­ of the soldier with his wife, has evidently native land, which is actually the Republic ical salts leaching from the buttons. appeared in many other newspapers of China on Taiwan. Comments: The lower quarters, with the throughout the Nation, judging by the Mrs. Floyd at present has only a student exception of the pelvis of this dragoon, have letters which I have received from many visa that expired in May, 1967, but which decomposed. His skull is in excellent con­ States, asking why Congress has not was not renewed because of her marriage to dition and bears a sharply outlined oval made provision for this young woman, Sgt. Floyd. fracture. The portion of the skull within the born in Kobe, Japan, but who has been Born 20 years ago in Kobe, Japan, Mrs. fracture lines has been neatly punched into in this country for more than 3 years Floyd's father was a citizen of China, which the cranial cavity and is partly visible. The at that time was in the throes of civil wa:r. an experiment with a British Short Land under a student visa, to become a citizen Her mother is Japanese and still lives in Musket (2nci model Brown Bess), a typical of this country for which her husband Kobe. Her father died about five years ago, suspicious nature of this fracture prompted gave his life. I have today introduced a and chose to give up his citizenship to com­ military shoulder arm of the English in­ private bill to extend this citizenship, munist China and remained a citizen of Na­ fantry during the American Revolution. which will have the effect of preventing tionalist China on the island of Formosa. Comparison of the musket butt to the frac­ the threatened deportation, and which Mrs. Floyd came to the U.S. in July, 1964, ture showed that the butt's toe perfectly planning to attend college in this country. fitted the puncture. Further experimentation I am confident Congress will eventually She first became interested in the U.S. showed that the wound was not likely to pass. I am hopeful, of course, that this tl;lrough the encouragement of her uncle, have been produced while the victim wal3 actinn may be expedited, and that the William Churchwell, formerly of Kennett, standing. The musket is too awkward to proposed legislation will become law be­ who is now serving as a civilian construction strike with a jabbing motion at that height. fore the adjournment of this session of engineer in South Vietnam. Churchwell is This was confl.pned at the time of disenteral Congress. married to Mrs. Floyd's aunt. when examination of the reverse side of the Mr. Speaker, it is difficult for the pub­ Arriving in the U.S. in 1964, Mrs. Floyd skull revealed a fracture of lesser intensity, lic to understand why there should be came to Kennett, where she enrolled in Ken­ but the · same shape opposite the first frac­ nett High School. She has lived here and in ture. This effect is sometimes called an any opposition to, or any delay in pass­ Memphis ever since her arrival except for a "echo". He would have almost certainly been ing legislation to grant citizenship to shqrt summer vacation,. back to Kobe in 1966. prone with his head turned to his right, this young widow who has demonstrated An honor graiduate from Kennett High resting on a firm surface to produce both the her love for this country; who would have School in May, 1967, Mrs. Floyd was married wound and the echo as described. He was become a citizen of this country had her to Bogard Floyd on March 25, 1967. They September 16, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27093 had met earlier, had been friends and after the Dunklin Countian. Elko learned details the community than a policeman romng Sgt. Floyd's first tour of Duty in Vietnam, of her husband's death from one of his Army through tbe streets under the fl.ashing blue he was discharged and returned home. That buddies. light of a squad car. was in October, 1966. They began dating Prior to their marriage the Kennett man then, and the Kennett youth re-enlisted in had re-enlisted for a period of three years. January, 1967, and two months later they He told Eiko he felt it was "something he KUDOS TO THE PADS were married. had to do." He had told her that the lack of In December, 1967, Sgt Floyd returned to experience in the lOlst Airborne made his Vietnam, with his old outfit, the lOlst Air­ old outfit more vulnerable and he felt an HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER borne Division, which had been reformed at obligation to re-enlist in an effort to make up OF KANSAS Fort Campbell, Ky., after his one-year tour for the inexperience of green recruits who of duty in the war zone. Sgt. Floyd was formed the basis of the regrouped lOlst IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES killed March 16, 1968. Division. Monday, September 16, 1968 Mrs. Floyd's Chinese name, Miao Ying, which is the translation of her Japanese Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, the name Eiko (pronounced A-ko) , meaning Washburn University chapter of Phi "clever." POLICEMEN ON THE BEAT Alpha Delta, national professional legal While here under a student visa, and then fraternity, has again been singled out for later married to an American citizen, Eiko HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI several distinguished honors. Early this was unaware of the laws which permitted month the Benson chapter received a her to become a permanent citizen. OF U..LINOIS plaque at the national meeting here in The irony of her dilemma is that had her IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES husband been sent anywhere but South the Nation's Capital designating it as the Vietnam so that she might have been able Monday, September 16, 1968 best in the Nation. It was the second to go with him, her passport would have Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in a time in 3 years that the Topeka, Kans., been changed and her status made perma­ recent editorial WBBM-TV in Chicago chapter won national honors. nent. But Sgt. Floyd volunteered for duty in In addition, Washburn's Phi Alpha South Vietnam, Elko was unable to live in most impressively set forth the argument that part of the world, and thus she re­ for the return of the policeman walking Delta ch~ter was honored, as was the mained in Kennett, unaware of her poten­ his beat in that city. StaJte of Kansas, by the election of Judge tial difficulties. In our serious attempt to :fight crime in Alex Hotchkiss, of Lyndon, as supreme Upon the advice of Immigration Service this Nation, we cannot overlook the effect vice justice, succeeding Tom Clark, for­ officials, Mrs. Floyd has written to the Na­ of close · police-community relations in mer Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. tionalist Chinese consul requesting a re­ The Alex Hotchkiss alumni chapter was newal of her passport, since she is now en­ our large cities. awarded second place in national com­ rolled in an IBM automation course at a Mr. Carter Davidson, editorial director petition. Memphis business college. But the visa re­ of WBBM-TV has properly outlined the There are a number of our colleagues newal will only permit her to remain in the situation which currently exists in Chi­ U.S. until this course is completed, and then in the House who are members of Phi cago, and has performed a notable public Alpha Delta alumni chapters, and I am she faces deportation back to Formosa, a service in bringing it to the attention of country she has never seen. proud to be a member of the Washburn But Elko would like to remain in her hus­ city administrators there. chapter. Under leave to extend my re­ band's country as an American citizen. She The text of the WBBM-TV editorial marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ says that upon completion of her schooling, follows: lowing editorial from the Topeka, Kans., she would like to work for the American Red POLICEMEN ON THE BEAT Daily Capital, which discusses the hon­ Cross or perhaps a U.S. airline. It's been a long time since Chicago has ors achieved by the active and alumni Her course of study at Memphis wm end seen the sight of a policemen walking his chapters of the legal fraternity: next summer, at which time she feels she beat, chatting with the neighbors, getting to will be equipped to handle a variety of office know the community on a face-to-face basis. KUDOS TO THE PAD'S duties. She has faced some employment prob­ Since former Superintendent 0 . W. Wilson Twice within three years the Washburn lems because of her temporary status. University Phi Alpha Delta chapter has done Mrs. Floyd has many friends in Kennett, abolished the foot patrol assignments eight years ago, the policeman has become, to most such outstanding work among its law stu­ including her uncle's mother, Mrs. Mittie dent members it has won top national Churchwell, with whom she lived while at­ people, an impersonal power sitting in a squad car. honors. tending high school here. Her uncle has been A plaque signifying the national recogni­ stationed in Japan with the U.S. Army, and Putting all policemen, except those direct­ ing traffic, on wheels instead of on foot prob­ tion was awarded Benson chapter at the fra­ ls now serving in South Vietnam as a con­ ternity's meeting in Washington, D.C., last struction engineer. Churchwell, who married ably was a good idea eight years ago, in the interest of economy and efficiency. But times weekend. It was similar to one the chapter Elka's aunt, has two children and plans to received in 1966 for being the best among the remain in Japan. have changed, and so have the require­ ments for effectively policing neighborhoods fraternity's 116 chapters in law schools over Elka's parents were married shortly after the nation. World War II. Eiko's great-uncle was a dress­ wracked from time to time by civil disorders. Lack of understanding by policemen of the Two other distinctions went to the chapter maker in Kobe and her father had come this time. Judge Alex Hotchkiss, Lyndon, was from China to Japan to learn how to be a problems ghetto residents face was tabbed elected supreme vice justice, second highest dressmaker. When her great-uncle died, by the Chicago Riot Study Committee just this week as one of the reasons burning and national office. In this the Kansan succeeds Eiko's father managed the dress shop, and Tom Clark, former justice of the U.S. Su­ following his death, her mother serves as looting ran out of control on Chicago's West preme Court. The Alex Hotchkiss alumni manager. Side in early April, after the murder of Dr. chapter was given second place in national Elko has one brother, who is a student at Martin Luther King. The Committee recom­ competition, together with a $150 scholar­ an English-speaking school at Kobe. Now mended creation of a police community rela­ ship. 18, he plans to attend college, although Mrs. tions unit to work for better understanding Both chapter and alumni awards were Floyd doubts if her mother will give her by policemen of the problems in poverty based on scholarship and service to the law permission for him to come to the U.S., pre­ areas. school, students and legal profession. ferring that he remain in Japan. Superintendent James Conlisk has gone a. The Washburn chapter has been an inte­ The attractive, 5-1, black haired Elko re­ step further, with a welcome move to put 400 gral part of the Washburn law school since mains composed despite the difficulties she's foot patrolmen back on neighborhood beats. February 1921, when a group of law students now facing. Should she be permitted to re­ We believe putting foot patrolmen back on affiliated with the national organization and turn to Japan, she faces a severe employment the beat wm do much to restore public con­ named their chapter in honor of Alfred W. handicap there since many Japanese indus­ fidence in the police, and will help establish Benson, then district judge at Ottawa and tries do not employ citizens of Nationalist once again the calming influence of a per­ later a justice of the Kansas Supreme Court. China. Elko likes the equal opportunity she sonal relationship between the law and the Since 1929 a chapter house has been main­ has found in the U.S., where she desperately people. tained at 1612 College. wishes to remain for the rest of her life. It wlll be costly. Superintendent Conlisk During and since his student years at Proud of her husband, Mrs. Floyd bravely is asking for an eight and a half mi111on dol­ Washburn, Judge Hotchkiss has been one of talks of his Vietnam heroism. Serving as a lar addition to his 1969 budget, mainly to re­ the chapter's boosters. Four years ago, realiz­ squad leader, Sgt. Floyd was leading his men cruit, train and equip the foot patrolmen. ing how many hours he had spent helping as they approached a South Vietnamese vil­ But civil disorders and a rising crime rate are students study for their bar examinations, lage. Encountering sniper machine gun fire, costly, too, not only in dollars but in terms the alumni chapter adopted his name. he had his men return to safer ground while of the spirit and the morale, and, indeed, the National honors won by the Washburn he scouted the area. As he approached a gate future of entire communities. PADs not only signify their accomplishments that barred entry to a bridge lea.ding to the We welcome the return of the foot patrol­ but also are beneficial to the university with village, Viet Cong machine gunners k11led men. He wlll be a far more valuable part of which they a.re so closely allied. 27094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 16, 1968 IF THE PRICE HAD BEEN KNOWN IN worsening problems in NATO, the Unit­ violent or irrational-cannot always be ADVANCE SOVIET INTERVENTION ed States has made it clear that the So­ overcome by superficial gestures, like in­ IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA MIGHT viet Union must pay a high price for its viting the President to Moscow or agree­ NEVER HA VE OCCURRED invasion of Czechoslovakia. It is obvious ing to talks on arms control. to me that the Soviet leadership felt that Regretfully the U.S. measures were U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations would not be not taken before the invasion of HON. PAUL FINDLEY materially set back by the invasion. Czechoslovakia. If controls on nuclear OF ll.LINOIS Now they should know differently. Hope­ proliferation, a halt or suspension of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fully they have learned they cannot have arms race and removal of military blocs Monday, September 16, 1968 their cake and eat it too. A policy of ex­ in Europe really are important political Mr. F'INDLEY. Mr. Speaker, by delay­ acerbating tensions--Middle East, Yem­ goals of the Russians, then they should ing the nuclear nonproliferation treaty en, Europe-is inconsistent with the goal have been forewarned by the United in the Senate, temporarily suspending of genuine relaxation of tensions with States that intervention in Prague would plans for U.S. talks with the Soviets on the West. Moscow must now know that prevent the accomplishment of these arms control, and by initiating action on the risks of any course-no matter how larger goals.