proven sustainability above and belowground

1 UTILITYTUNNELS Re-Mixing the City 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria WHATISAUTILITYTUNNEL? ahistori cal d epi cti on

THEECONOMY OF UTILITY TUNNELS  understandingtheLCǦcostsofurbandevelopment

PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials &howtheyholdupovertime

ATTACHMENT: COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY amuliltitu deof sol ut ionsf orworld ldfoftask s 2 INTRODUCTION uutilitytility tunnels&theirsustainableapplication! UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ClimateChange InternationalPanelonClimateChange (IPCC) Report 2007 Ǧ ClimateChangeisHERE! Ǧ Sohowisourfuturegoingtobe? Ǧ NewsLastWeek: 1. GlobalTemperature = +2° in2050  nowexpected––notnotin2100––reactreact nowimmediatelyoracceptthe consequences.("2052Ǧ AForecastforthe NextFortyYears"byJorgen RandersǦ Clubof Rome) 2.NAttiIShlfMltiNewAntarcticIceShelfMelting Mechanismdiscovered––muchmuchfaster meltingprocessesandglaciersspeeds slidingoffAntarcticaarenow G8commitmentÖ asgivenin2007 = expected(AlfredǦWegenerǦInstituteforPolar and Ocean Science– Bremerhafen /Germany) nowno longer  achievable?! Source: InternationalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)– WMO/ UNEP;“ClimateChange2007”; ISBNs:978052188009Ǧ1;70596Ǧ7;88010Ǧ7;70597Ǧ4; 88011Ǧ4;70598Ǧ1http://www.ipcc.ch (lastaccess21.09.2009) hh//lbfd/kllhlttp://www.clubofrome.de/aktuelles.html (lastaccess 15.05.2012) “Klimawissenschaftlerentdeckenneue SchwachstelledesantarktischenEisschildes“ http://www.awi.de/de/aktuelles_und_presse/pressemit teilungen/detail/item/climate_scientists_discover_new _weak_point_of_the_antarctic_ice_sheet/?cHash=c392 6ddd4358d21e4cf fb4b63315ac3761bb (lastaccess 15.05.2012)

3 PERSPECTIVESINACHANGINGWORLD Wherearewegoing?ChangingProblems=ChangingTasks UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ClimateChange InternationalPanelonClimate Change(IPCC)Report2007 Ǧ ClimateChangeisHERE! Ǧ Acloserlookattheconsequences to our lives! Ǧ Anytemperaturechangeabove (maybeat)2°Chaslikelyserious IfwecontinuetoÖ consequencesonaSPECIESlevel! Andthis means  think this isjust a Ö theHUMANSPECIES!! politicalmindgame Ö andcontinuetoÖ squanderour time Ö

Source: InternationalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)– WMO/UNEP;“ClimateChange2007”; ISBNs:978052188009Ǧ1;70596Ǧ7;88010Ǧ7; 70597Ǧ4;88011Ǧ4;70598Ǧ1http://www.ipcc.ch (lastaccess21.09.2009)

4 PERSPECTIVESINACHANGINGWORLD Wherearewegoing?ChangingProblems=ChangingTasks UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ClimateChange InternationalPanelonClimate Change(IPCC)Report2007 Ǧ ClimateChangeisHERE! Ǧ Acloserlookattheconsequences to our lives! Ǧ Anytemperaturechangeabove (maybeat)2°Chaslikelyserious localconsequencesonaSPECIES level!

Effectsand Ö Politics:Ö Ö Plusforthe Ö HAVES

Minusforthe Source: HAVENOTSÖ InternationalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)– Ö WMO/UNEP;“ClimateChange2007”; G8commitmentÖ ISBNs:978052188009Ǧ1;70596Ǧ7;88010Ǧ7; 70597Ǧ4;88011Ǧ4;70598Ǧ1http://www.ipcc.ch (lastaccess21.09.2009)

5 PERSPECTIVESINACHANGINGWORLD Wherearewegoing?ChangingProblems=ChangingTasks UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ClimateChange InternationalPanelonClimate Change(IPCC)Report2007 Ǧ ClimateChangeisHERE! ǦTheModelsareverywellverified to observations

Source: InternationalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)– WMO/UNEP;“ClimateChange2007”; ISBNs:978052188009Ǧ1;70596Ǧ7;88010Ǧ7; 70597Ǧ4;88011Ǧ4;70598Ǧ1http://www.ipcc.ch (lastaccess21.09.2009)

6 PERSPECTIVESINACHANGINGWORLD Wherearewegoing?ChangingProblems=ChangingTasks UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria TheSquanderingofOur Inheritance EnergyUseoftheWorld Ǧ climaterelevantenergysources: 91.2%(81.4%) Ǧ lblossbyenergyuseo frawǦmatilterial resourceseachyear: ~14nonǦenergyusemateriel supplyyears Ǧ lossbyburningoftotalnonǦ renewablepetroǦchemicalraw materialresourceseachyear: ~18nonǦenergyusemateriel supplyyears

Source:seediagram

7 PERSPECTIVESINACHANGINGWORLD Wherearewegoing?ChangingProblems=ChangingTasks UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria TheSquanderingofOur Inheritance EnergyUseoftheWorld Ǧ climaterelevantenergysources: 91.2%(81.4%) Ǧ lblossbyenergyuseo frawǦmatilterial resourceseachyear: ~14nonǦenergyusemateriel supplyyears Ǧ lossbyburningoftotalnonǦ renewablepetroǦchemicalraw materialresourceseachyear: ~18nonǦenergyusemateriel supplyyears Ǧtotalworldenergy system losses: estimated62% Source:seediagram

8 PERSPECTIVESINACHANGINGWORLD Wherearewegoing?ChangingProblems=ChangingTasks UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria WHAT IS A UTILITYTUNNELUTILITYTUNNEL? ahistoricaldepiction

9 Utility Tunnels– the2012  Status UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria uutilitytilitytunnels tunnelsbuilt ––sincesince1866

Hamburg 1892 Thefirst MegaǦCitiesreacting to social crisis cholera,typhoid and the beginning ofmodernsanitation technology Reacting to nature Paris 19th cent. Japansearches for London earthquake proof 1866 solutions 19th cent. Collective Moscow 1935 technology Kiev 1948 Zürich 1992 Speyer 2004 incollective vaulted fiber societies Ulm reinforced the Eastgoes 1985 Lauchheim concrete precast with Madrid 1941 1995 PEHD varied success, Seattle 20th cent. the Westgoes to Bratislava 1994 Fahrland 1994 universities and overboard corrugated steel incomplexity? Tokyo 1963 (zinc galvanized) Wachau 1993 Refurbishing cities Suhl keeping inner cities alive through redevelopment 1967

Moscow 1970 Developing Technologies seizing creative oportunities indifficult times

10 WHATISAUTILITYTUNNEL? mmanyanycities– manysituations– manyideas UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria THE ECONOMY OF UTILITYTUNNELSUTILITYTUNNELS understandingtheLCǦcostsofurbandevelopment

11 Utility Tunnels– forhow much ? UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ForExample: In year 40of a road life  itwillhave2pipedamages andrepairconstruction pointsperkm. Overallitwillhave accumulated~30to34repair orrefurbishingworksto rectifydamagesormake changesalongeachroadkm duringthese 40years

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 12 THEECONOMYOFUTILITYTUNNELS understandingtheperformanceofburiedlines UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ForExample: In year 40of a road life  itwillhave2pipedamages andrepairconstruction pointsperkm. Overallitwillhave accumulated~30to34repair orrefurbishingworksto rectifydamagesormake changesalongeachroadkm duringthese 40years

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 13 THEECONOMYOFUTILITYTUNNELS understandingtheperformanceofburiedlines UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria DevelopingConceptsfor Understandingourcurrent HumaneCities systems performance

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 14 THEECONOMYOFUTILITYTUNNELS mythsandrealitiesofthelifetimeofutilitypipes UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 15 THEECONOMYOFUTILITYTUNNELS comparingUDǦCAPEX:utilitytunnel– conventional UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 16 THEECONOMYOFUTILITYTUNNELS comparingOPEX:utilitytunnel– conventional UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria utility tunnels in the legal network client identity or land owner rental, leasing, or sales land user connection & supply contracts contracts old new connection construction contract

salttlliditles contracts, parcelling and zoning acts, rehabilitation acts, development cost sharing development cost balancing utility suppliers & operators community private investor utility companies & operators without client connect.: with client connection: co-operation contracts on street lighting electricity 110V- 20kV ownership, construction and/or operation traffic management telecommunication potable & industr. water consulting contract insurance contracts police / fire brigade electricity > 20kV sewage & runoff water industrial lines & pipes district heating, gas supply route UTILITY TUNNEL computer networks owner insurance brooker utilization maintenance construction contracts contracts contracts bank trustee licence operation licence legende: transfer contracts - mandatorry credit & financing contracts builder contract operator subject of mainte- - optional contract external services nance specialists contracts legal or natural person consulting consulting construction description of person contracts construction corp. contract pipeline installation or marketing group od persons earth works electric installation description of group financing person person utility tunnel safety technology functional grouping planning & engineering contract construction pipelines & cables functional external material services description

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 17 THEECONOMYOFUTILITYTUNNELS utilitytunnel– inthelegalnetwork UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Summaryonsustainableurbanconstruction: 1.OtbidtfOurcurrentburiedsystemsarefarmorevu lbldlnerableand lessdependablethanisassumed 2.Constructionat utilities & utility down times have a  significanteconomicrippleeffectintheproductiveurban economy––andandcanKILLbusinesses! 3.3.ConventionalConventionalutilitylinesareMURDERonroadsurfaces 4.4.TheThehigherCAPEXofUtilityTunnelsisinmanycases recoveredalready by the higher construction speed and  thefasterareamarketingorminimizedbusinessimpact 5.UtilityTunnels are operational assets – theirOPEX is  chargeabletobothserviceprovidersandtheconnected 6.6.UtilityUtilityTunnelsmustbemanagedbothintheircreation andintheirmaintenance– theyrequirejointcoordination 18 ECONOMICURBANDEVELOPMENT sustainedurbanspace:lifeǦcycles&costsharing UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methods andmaterials  &howtheyholdupovertime

19 Thehow to ,why & what of UTs UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Buildinga“Holeinthe Understandingthe Ground”calledUtility Tunnel UtilityTunnel hull system

Compilethecapacityrequirements& developppoptimizeddimensions Understandthegeometricsituation aboveandbelowground Definetheloadsandperformance characteristicsofthestructure Consider yourconstruction time  target

Sources:pictures©:POETGmbH 20 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Buildinga“Holeinthe Understandingthe Ground”calledUtility Tunnel UtilityTunnel Ǧ steel hull

Apuzzlewiththousandsofparts: Givesamazingflexibility inshapeand situationadaptation Hasamediumtohighconstructionspeed Iscostdependantontheworldsteelprice market Performanceandlifetimedependanton theproductionquality ofthe galvanizationorpaintandtheproper bac kfillcompact ion lightweight&easytransportable Hasmanyjointsandrequireshigh qualityjoint manufacture  andsealing  Needsahighqualityofdesign,preǦ planningandpreǦmanufacturing Goodheat&electricityConducter BuildsanelectricalFaradays’cage Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb) 21 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Buildinga“Holeinthe Understandingthe Ground”calledUtility Tunnel UtilityTunnel  PEHDhull

Apuzzlewithhundredsofparts: Givesamazingflexibility inshapeand situationadaptation Hasaveryhighconstructionspeed Iscostdependantontheworldoilprice market Performanceandlifetimedependantonthe qualityofthebackfillcompaction andshouldn’tbestoredlonginopen directsunlight andhdheat lightweight hightransportvolume Hasonlyweldedjointsandisfullysealed NNdeedsahi hihghqualityof design ,preǦ planningandpreǦmanufacturing Poorheat&electricityconducter Buildsno Faradays’cageelectrically

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb) 22 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Buildinga“Holeinthe UnderstandingtheUtility Ground”calledUtility Tunnel Tunnelfibre concretehull

CreatingpreǦcastqualityinǦsitu: Hasamachinedeterminedcross sectionandrequiresextra structuresatbendsandcrosssections Hasamediumconstructionspeed IIddhldilscostnotdependantontheworldoilor steelprice markets Isperformanceandlifetimedependanton theqqyualityoftheconcrete,fiber additivesandcuringprocess Veryheavy HastestsealǦbandjointsandisfully sealed NeedsalowqualityofdesignandpreǦ planningǦǦ nopreǦmanufacturing Poorheat&electricityconducter BuildsnoFaradays’cageelectrically Sources:pictures©:POETGmbH,CarlDupré GmbH 23 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Buildinga“Holeinthe UnderstandingtheUtility Ground”calledUtility Tunnel Tunnel enduser connections

Connectingtheusers: Understandtherealenduserdemand expectation preǦplanning ofpreǦfabricatedutility tunnelelements Provide for the futureadditional  servicesordemandchanges Shouldprovideforconnection modificationwithoutdigging in thepublicroadspace=>hullpipestothe properties Canbeinseparateorcombinedutility connecto rs to t he p rope rt ies Shouldnotconnectbuildingsinan unsecuredwalkǦableorcrawlǦableway Requirecoordinationinregardto internalmain line placing of services ser ices

Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH,CarlDupré GmbH 24 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Buildinga“Holeinthe Understandingthe Ground”calledUtility Tunnel UtilityTunnel access points

Gettingpeopleandmaterialinandout: Thereisarequirementformainaccess pointsandsecondaryandemergency escapepoints Howdoesonegetstandardpipe lthlengthsiilil?intoautilitytunnel? Thereareutilitytunnelswith internalfire wallsandsuchwithout Utilitytunnel accessmust be  restrictedandcontrolled Considertheinternalventilation– surfaceexhaustgasesmustnotbe allowedtoenter Allopeningsneedtoberodent protected––inincertaincasesalso barriersagainst snakesand insects  areneeded Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH 25 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Buildinga“Holeinthe Understandingthe Ground”calledUtility Tunnel UtilityTunnel outfitting

Installingthepipesandcables: Theeasyyppartisthestraig htunǦ interruptedstretch Buttherearemainconnectionpoints ––e.g.e.g.for18kVlinestotransformer stations Andutilitytunnelintersections– thatneedtobewalkǦable Andforrealmaintenancethereare internallight and control systems Sohowdowemountalltheseelements? Andhowdotheymove? Andwhat effectscan theyhave oneach  other? Sohowdowearrangethemtocreatean efficientuseoftheavailablespaceand retainfuturemodificationflexibility Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH 26 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Addapting a “Holeinthe Understandingthe Ground”calledUtility Tunnel UtilityTunnel application

Installingthepipesandcables: Manyyysituations=manydifferent solutions Understandingthecomplexityof interactions,interference,safety, securityan doperati onal st a bility toachieveoptimizedsupplyandretain maximumflexibilityforchangeinthe future ¾CCtireatingasus tibltainable technology

Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH,CarlDupré GmbH 27 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS methodsandmaterials UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Constructinga“Holeinthe TheRealityofTime&Life: Ground”calledUtility Tunnel Ǧ> The Unexpected

UtilityTunnelonthemove: AsealedUTfloatslikeasubmarine Understandyourconstructionenvironment anditshazardsǦǦ andunderstandyour constructionprocess andtheirinterdependence ThisUTunder construction was moved up to0.8msidewaysoveralengthof~120mbya differentialwaterpressureof0.1bar(1mwater) betweenbothsidesoftheconstructionditch duringarainevent WhyǦǦ becauseithadadoublefoldedsegregation plasticfoilbetweenitandtheleanconcretebase, toensurelaterearthquakemovementflexibility Oneplasticlayerwouldhavebeenenoughbut wouldhavemeanttocuttheppglasticlengthwise ResultǦǦ theoutsidewatersealseither disconnectedfromtheconcreteorripped completelyonmorethan50%ofthejoints betweenmovedUTsegmentsandneededtobe repaired, anda permanent  kinkin the UT  remained

28 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS howtheyholdupovertime UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Maintaininga“Holeinthe TheRealityofTime&Life: Ground”calledUtility Tunnel Ǧ> The Expected

CorrosionandDegradation: Revisitingthesystemsbuildbetween1991 andid1995in2007and 2012– onlflyfew pointsofcorrosion couldbefound: ¾Cabletraysoncementcrossingcrawlable sideconnectors––onlyonlydirectlyincrossing ¾EmergencyexitdoorhingeǦpins Localizedevidenceofwaterincursion wasseenandfoundtobeeitherstillfrom constructionorduetofaultymaintenance procedures,NOTduetopipefaults Nogeneraldegradationofbuilding orinstallationscouldbefound

Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH,2012picturewiththepermissionofEGW– MarkkleebergGmbHandEnergie undWasser PotsdamGmbH 29 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS howtheyholdupovertime UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Maintaininga“Holeinthe TheRealityofTime&Life: Ground”calledUtility Tunnel Ǧ> The Expectable ?

VandalismandAccessProtection: ManyUThaveproblemswithcasual vandlidalism& &iintrusi on Unprotectedoreasilydetectableelements liketheseEmergencyExitsandthe outsidedrainagecontrolshaftwilland havebeenabused– needtobe hidden,secured&monitored 2009alotofsmallrubbishdumpedin– 2012additional longer wood pieces  thrownontop– virtuallyuncleanable Graphity is alsoinsidetheUT––soso unauthorizedintrusionhastakenplace

Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH,2012pictureswiththepermissionofEnergie undWasser PotsdamGmbH 30 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS howtheyholdupovertime UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Maintaininga“Holeinthe TheRealityofTime&Life: Ground”calledUtility  Tunnel Ǧ> The Unexpected

WaterwerenonshouldbeI: WhenInformationgetslostbetween design&constructionandoperations– maintenancecan’thappenanddamage developsunnecessarily AsyygyetnodamagetoUT&systems

UTbuoyancy safetyvolume& groundwater protection

Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH,2012picturewiththepermissionofEnergie undWasser PotsdamGmbH 31 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS howtheyholdupovertime UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria MaintainingaCityabovethe TheRealityofTime&Life: “Holein  the Ground” Ǧ> The Expected

PristineSurfacesafter18Years: WhereUrbanCoordinationreallysaves money– NO DIGGINGUP PIPES

Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH 32 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS howtheyholdupovertime UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria MaintainingaCityabovethe TheRealityofTime&Life: “Holein  the Ground” Ǧ> The Unexpected

WaterwerenonshouldbeII: WhenUrbanCoordinationloosestheknowǦ ldledgeab outi tsownsystemsǦǦ strange thingshappene.g.aswimmingpool andasuddenmaterialaccess ppyroblemoverautilitytunnel AsyetnodamagetoUT&systems

Sources:pictures©:alcUG(hb),POETGmbH 33 PERFORMANCEOFUTILITYTUNNELS howtheyholdupovertime UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria Between1991and2008A.&H.Laistnerwereinvolvedinthe developmentand / or modification of 10 utility tunnel systems  Wewereresponsiblyinvolvedinthedesignof~31kmofutility tunnelsand constructed ~ 13.5  kmto  date. Weexperiencedutilitytunnelsingroundwater&earthquakes Weencountered unknown ,or unexpected hazards . We’veseenutilitytunnelsfloatintheirconstructionditches,and sufferfrom water incursion because  the outside drainage protectionsystemhadbeenforgotten Withallthisexpgyqyperiencethrough20yearswecanunequivocallystate: Thereisnomoreeffective,efficient,economic,safe,supply secure,environmentalandsustainableurbansupplyand supportsystemstechnologythantheUTILITYTUNNEL! 34 Why don‘t we use more it – we wonder ?

UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria What’sholdingusback? Aworldwidelackofknowledge andcomprehensionof systtlitemcomplexityas synergygenerator & driver SolistenǦupeducators! Weneedtoteachwhatisneeded– notwhat  is comfortable! 35 SUSTAINABLECITIESOFTHEFUTURE needcreativecrossǦeducatedengineers&planners UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ccontactontactdetails : SPEAKERSDETAILS aaxexel la is tnerconsu lting UG(hb) Dipl.ǦIngIng..Dr.techntechn..AxelLaistner profifessional experi ence

Rosenstr.Rosenstr.6/P.O.Box02 20years 73466LAUCHHEIM Germany inurbandldevelopment andairportprojects t:+49(7363)81658Ǧ0 ff(6)868:+49(7363)81658Ǧ5 with a 100% proven track m:+49(173)6631522 [email protected] recordof www.laistnerconsult.de – ONTIME– INBUDGET– – STATEOFTHEART– educatedin mechanical&civil

engineering. business administration

36 ThankYouThankYoufor forYourYourAttention !

UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria ccontactontactdetails : COAUTHORSDETAILS Dip l.ǦIIIngng..(FH) Dip l.ǦIIIngng..(FH) HermannLaistner profifessional experi ence 52years HdttiHardtsteige 29 73466LAUCHHEIM inurbandldevelopment Germany andcivilengineeringprojects

t(6)66t:+49(7363)9669Ǧ0 43years  f:+49(7363)9669Ǧ39 [email protected] aslegalexpertwitness forcivilengineering 27years aselectedmemberoftown and regional councils educatedin civil engineering& surveying

37 ThankYouThankYoufor forYourYourAttention !

UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria otherwise.1993–2012 WHATISAUTILITYTUNNEL? –photosoftheutilitytunnelWachauandexperiences&event POETIng GmbH/axellaistnerconsultingUG(hb): discussionof2012 Dr.AxelLaistner(POET/alcUG)– allgraphicsandtextsunless with permission of EGW GmbH specificallyreferencedotherwise.1993–2012 –photosoftheutilitytunnelFahrlandandexperiences&event discussionof2012 withpermissionofEnergie undWasser PotsdamGmbH CarlDupréBau GmbH&Co.KGǦ FranzǦKirmeierǦStr.17,67346 THEECON OMY OF UTILITY Speyer : Ǧ Picturesfibre concreteutilitytunnelhullconstruction TUNNELS Ǧ CrosssectionDrawingofthefibre concreteutilitytunnel Dr.AxelLaistner– www.laistnerconsult.de : UtilityTunnelslongǦterminvestmentorshortǦtermexpense? Thenew economic feasibility of an old idea 1996 INFRA’96LesInfrastructuresUrbaines ATTACHMENT: Montreal Einsatz begehbarer Leitungsgänge /Infrastrukturkanäle inder COMPREHENSIVEDIVERSITY& öffentlichen VerǦ undEntsorgung EXPERIENCE 1996 Doktorarbeit ander Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen Wien POETIng GmbH/axellaistnerconsultingUG(hb): BothsourceǦtextsreappraisedin2012anddiagramsconverted Dr.AxelLaistner(POET/alcUG)–allgraphicsandtextsunless to€Ǧvalues specificallyreferencedotherwise.1993Ǧ 2012 ChristianLindecke: http//p://de.wiki pedia.or g/w /index. ph p?title=Datei:Lichtraum profil PERFORMANCEOFUTILITY _EBO.png&filetimestamp=20090521162803 –lastaccessed 24.03.2011 Ǧ Lichtraumprofil_EBO.png TUNNELS POETIng GmbH/axellaistnerconsultingUG(hb): DADr.Axel lLitLaistner(POET/ alUGlcUG)or Hermann Lai st ner (POET) –allphotos,graphicsandtextsunlessspecificallyreferenced

38 UTILITYTUNNELS– ppyrovensustainability sourcenotesandreferencedocuments UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY  amultitudeofsolutionsforworldoftasks

39 Utility Tunnels– whereelse ? UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria The1800s’– UtilityTunnels CholerainEuropeǦ how agood idea gets started calamitydrives technology

London London: Together with the elevation of parts of the Holburn Street urban TheHolburnǦViaduct1866–72 utility tunnels were erected along both sides of the viaduct. The and other projects adjacent bldbuildings were connected dldirectlytothe tunnels. The throughoutthe remaining space in between both tunnels was rented out to century commercial users. The Viaduct passes over two Streets, a double railway track and the canalized Fleet River. Its total length amounts to approximately 400m. Other utility tunnels were built with urban infrastructure development at various places in London and surrounding Paris boroughs ever since. SewageSystemfromthemid Paris centuryonwards Following the Cholera epidemic of 1832, construction on the Paris sewage system was begun. Its mains vary in diameter between 5 x 6m and 2,5 x 1,5m. The system is additionally used for the placement of telephoneǦ,telegraphǦ,waterǦ and district heating mains. The total net length amounts to approximately 2000 km. Hamburg With the expansion of urban main roads a utility tunnel was erected under the Kaiser Wilhelm Strasse as new main Hamburg thoroughfare to avoid future disturbances. Like London and KaiserWilhelm Strasse 1892 Paris, Hamburg developed the sewage system following a devastating outbreak of the Cholora.

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 40 COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY&EXPERIENCE manycities– manyideas UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria The1900s’– UtilityTunnels CityManagement–spurts, agood idea gets going starts and fits oftechnology

Moscow / Kiev / Suhl / Leipzig / Halle Moscow1935/Kiev1948 The main standardization efforts on utility tunnels were made in Madrid1941 the former eastern block states. The Academy on Civil Engggineering of the GDR completed the development of a comprehensive technical standard on utility tunnels in 1976. Main interest originated with the realization of the utility tunnels positive effect on national economy as a whole. Madrid Utility tunnels were chosen to counter the problem of extensive soil settlement in the Madrid region. The security gained by the tunnel justified the higher investment expenses. The surface SeattleUofW inthe20th century streets above were stabilized and their lifespan extended twoǦ to threefold. Tokyo1963 Seattle Utility tunnels are most frequently used to service the supply needsof encldlosed areas. Use in idindustri ilal plants is common, as 1960sǦ theEastgoes well as at public installations like this cross section of utility tunnels at the University of Washington in Seattle. Utility tunnels precast are standard construction elements at many industrial plants and especially airports and civic centers. Tokyo In 1963 utility tunnels were named the preferable construction system for city utilities in Japanese law. The intention was to Suhl1967/ reduce the surface construction sites along roads and the Moscow1970/ minimization of so induced traffic problems. Researches had shown, in 1962 Tokyo had 1713 construction sites along utility HalleǦNeustadt1970s lines of 1253 km total length in a street net of rouggyhly 500 km; LeipzigǦGrünau 1980s amounting to ~ 3 each km.

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 41 COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY&EXPERIENCE manycities– manyideas UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria The1980s’– UtilityTunnels City&FacilityManagement agood idea gets ambitious – discoveringpotentials

UlmUniversityMedicalCentre Ulm – the allǦrounder Setting the most complete standard of subsurface supply Eselsberg 1985 systems yet. All supplies needed for four hospitals, lots of university institutes and two industrial research centers – all are Ǧ thldhemostcompleteand transferred underground to insure a healthy environment for ambitiousUTIknowof recuperation and studies. Three automated cargo transport systems distribute pharmaceutical supplies, medical supplies, soiled and cleaned utensils, food and mail to all hospitals from a central technical complex. Two waste disposal systems collect clinical and normal wastes to a central disposal station. Zurich – city center renewal – Werkleitungsstollen Ǧ Löwenstraße In the heart of the city – in front of the main RRǦStation – this UT had to be erected while maintaining the normal accessibility and supplysituati on toall adjacent buildi ngs and shops. High ground water and a shallow sewage line impacted the design. The design is based on the SIA 205 Swiss standard. At both ends connections to other UT exist. The tramway tracks are placed on a floating bedding on top of the UT. BBtilratislava – his tor ic inner cityutility reconnection Zurich– Löwenstrasse 1992 Utility tunnels were excavated as mine shafts and tunnels at ~ 24m below ground level under the historic city center. aUTcarriesthetram! With minimal disturbance above ground and no ground Bratislava1994 movement problems due to the depth all buildings were connected by horizontal drilling from below. aUTSystem24munderground

Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH,ChristianLindecke Ǧ wikipedia 42 COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY&EXPERIENCE manycities– manyideas UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria 155years– UtilityTunnels UToperationalperformance agood idea gets experience – itruns  & runs & runs ......

OthermoreoutoftheordinaryUTconstructions: General operational performance history of Utility Tunnels world wide (as researched and experienced by POET & WhiteSands–NY–1967Ǧ70 alcUG in own and others’ UTs) : UTasnuc lear blastproof  ¾ More than 90% better performance of individual supply falloutshelters pipe / cable life. ¾ No more microǦleakage in wet systems. ¾ Full continuous corrosion and degradation control ¾ Possibility of preventive maintenance of utility systems ¾ Possibility of using older systems for new purposes Ǧ e.g. London Embankment – using an old gas main as a cable Listing of military Installation UTs: casing pipe for high performance IT backbone cables former BaseǦHospital Ulm (now Uni Ulm Michelsberg) ¾ 80% cheaper expansion, renewal,repltlacement costs Eielson Air Force Base Fort Wainwright ¾ 99% avoidance of pipe / cable repair costs through U.S. Air Force Academy normal degradation ¾ 99% avoidance of pipe / cable repair costs through Listing of civic & admin center complexes with UTs: external damaging influence Civic Center Area, Denver Ǧ City & County Buildings, ¾ 200% to 300% life extension of road surfaces above – no Denver – Colorado State Capitol Buildings excavations and other surface disturbances other than NASA Johnson Space Flight Center – Houston traffic loads UTsarealso used on many aitirportsaround theworld – but a listing is not given due to security considerations Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 43 COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY&EXPERIENCE manycities– manyideas UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria 155years– UtilityTunnels UToperationalperformance agood idea gets experience – what if– ithappened  .....?

OthermoreoutoftheordinaryUTconstructions: Current list of known mishaps in Utility Tunnels in Germany (as researched and experienced by POET & alcUG in own – Vienna–Reichsbrücke1978Ǧ80 between 1993 to 2011 – and others’ UTs) : abridge  is a UT & carries the metro and 6 traffic ¾ LiLeipzi g GüGrünau in the1980s – CblCable Fire lanesacrosstheDanube – destroyed ca. 30m of all cabling before extinguishing itself due to lack of oxygen. Piping of water supply and district heating was not impacted. ¾ Ruhr University Bochum in the 1980s – Water Main Break (d 300mm) filled the whole 6.5km UT system completely with water within 30 minutes. Effects: extensive cleaning of the UT & repair of the water main, some secondary support structure corrosion effects over the next year. Listingof ¾ ISK WhWachau since 1993 – cable jitjoint explilosions – 2 cable joint explosions in 20 years – due to faulty cable UniversityUTs: joint manufacture – effect: cable joint repair – some RuhrǦUniversität Bochum J.Liebig Universität Gießen minor damage to the UT hull inside galvanization at the Universität Stuttgart Vaihingen Universität Ulm lightning footpoint. Repairs both times fully effected University of Allkaska University of Arizona within hours of fault. University of California Florida Atlantic University ¾ NO OTHER MISHAPS HAVE BEEN REPORTED OR FOUND IN PUBLICATIONS WORLD WIDE – IT IS LIKELY Georgia Institute of Technology Purdue University THAT SOME OCCURRED, but not even in London during Michigan State University University of Minnesota the WW2 bombing much damage seems to have University of Missouri University of Oregon occurred in UTs. University ofTexas University of Washington Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH,ChristianLindecke Ǧ wikipedia 44 COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY&EXPERIENCE manycities– manyideas UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria The1990s’– UtilityTunnels Newmaterials&methods– agood idea gets cheaper time= money= savings

POETUBP&ISKǦProjectWachau 1991Ǧ94 POETEngineeringConsultants assuringeconomicsuccessby andDI(FH).DI(FH).HermannLaistner: being fasterand cheaper in a  DI(FH). DI(FH). Hermann Laistner had first “reǦinvented” the idea tightpropertymarket of utility tunnels on a napkin over a beer, while in conversation with his professors during the completion of his second engineering degree as civil engineer in 1968 – being at the same POETUHP&ISKǦProjectFahrland 1993Ǧ95 time at the head of the college student body in a tumultuous ppgrovingthata political situation. steelhullUT Back then already he combined the technical needs of the urbandevelopment engineer with the understanding of political and fiscal realities isexactlyasexpensive and requirements of an urban environment – and came, like asaconventionalutility others before and after him, to the logical conclusion: construction Theonly thing that makes sense in the long run is a  –eveninahighgroundwatertable UTILITYTUNNEL. Throughout his professional and political life he kept on the front end pushing new technical understanding and implementations – POETRHP&ISKǦProjectLauchheim1995 while finally capping his personal political & technical settinga new speed  record involvement by becoming the German delegation leader on byusingPEHD&sectionprefabrication urban development to the OECD. Being well known and well respected as practical researcher on POETUHP&ISKǦProjectSpeyer2004 the leading edge – he saw and took the chance of German reunification – and designed and built a whole new generation makingconcreteworkwithout and technological leap of sustainable urban development areas – steelandsavingcost&time including under ground a new generation of utility tunnels Sources:pictures©&data:alcUG(hb)–POETGmbH 45 COMPREHENDINGDIVERSITY&EXPERIENCE manycities– manyideas UTILITY TUNNELS Re-Mixing the City PROVEN SUSTAINABILITY ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND 14-16 May 2012 Schwechat, Austria