The Performance of Transport systems in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries This document has been developed within the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean statistical cooperation project Medstat III, funded by the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Medstat III and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The programme MEDSTAT III in brief MEDSTAT III, the statistical cooperation programme with the European Union’s partner countries of North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean, was financed and managed by EuropeAid, the European Commission's Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation. The programme, which was officially launched on 28th April 2010, ran until the end of 2013 and had a budget of seven million euros. The aim of the programme was to strengthen the capacity of the statistical authorities of the EU’s Mediterranean partners (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia) to collect up to date, timely and relevant statistics, ensuring the reliability and coherence of available information. Objectives MEDSTAT III built on the achievements of the MEDSTAT I (1996-2003) and MEDSTAT II (2006-2009) programmes. It sought to promote evidence-based policy-making and to foster democratic development through the use of robust statistical data. The programme aimed to improve the quality and availability of data in six priority thematic sectors - agriculture, energy, migration, social statistics, transport, and trade and balance of payments - and promoted the increased dissemination and use of this data. What was done? MEDSTAT III was designed to strengthen the national statistics institutes and national statistical systems in the Mediterranean Partner Countries by improving their capacity to collect the timely, relevant and high- quality data necessary for political decision-making and good governance. Furthermore, it promoted the harmonisation of statistical data with European and international standards, and consolidated the exchange of data between partners. The MEDSTAT III experts worked closely with their counterparts in the partner countries to carry out the project’s activities and to transfer know-how and best practices. This was done through targeted technical assistance, and a series of workshops, seminars, training courses and study visits. Other activities included promoting a more user-friendly dissemination of statistics and a better understanding of the importance of statistics among the final users (politicians, governments, administration, private sector, journalists, universities, civil society, EU bodies, and international institutions). Available data In a complementary activity, Eurostat collects annually a wide range of data from the Mediterranean partners. These data can be consulted on-line at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/european_neighbourhood_policy/enp_south/data_1/database A synopsis of this data is also available in pdf version in Eurostat's pocketbook series, see: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/publications/collections/pocketbooks The Performance of Transport systems in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries This document has been developed within the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean statistical cooperation project Medstat III, funded by the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Medstat III and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Foreword The performance of transport systems is a key issue for economic development, social cohesion and protection of the environment. It is all the more important for the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries, which have experienced significant economic and social changes over the last few years. In these circumstances, it seems essential to establish reliable, standardised methods to analyse this performance. Furthermore, analysing the performance of transport systems and activities is essential to encourage an evaluative culture in terms of transport policy, and to foster dialogue and further cooperation between producers and users of transport statistics. It is the natural complement to the development of reliable, standardised statistical information in order to create a proper, strategic, transparent management tool. This analysis forms the starting point of this publication, which is the result of a collaboration between national institutes of statistics and transport ministries in Mediterranean countries as part of the MEDSTAT III programme, a Euro-Mediterranean statistical cooperation programme which aims to develop high-quality statistics that meet international standards in the Southern Neighbourhood of the European Union, and grow the analysis capabilities of producers and users of statistics to create a real strategic management tool from the information. In terms of transport statistics, the main areas of development implemented over the course of this programme involved formulating standardised statistics which meet international standards on infrastructure, equipment and transport flows for the four main modes of transport present in all of the countries in the region: rail, road, sea and air. This work also formed a basis for producing statistics on intermodal transport, whose growth reflects a rapid transformation of transport systems on a global level. Within this framework, a reflection was started on the performance of transport activities and systems in the Mediterranean partner countries, whose first stage was to define the specific indicators of economic, technological and environmental performance. Producing indicators of environmental performance in particular will form a real basis for analysis for the development of clean and sustainable transport. This work on defining the indicators of economic, technical and environmental performance resulted in a limited list of priority indicators being set out during a workshop organised in Istanbul in January 2012, which partner countries have committed to using as a basis for developing national summaries. It is on the basis of these summaries, produced between August 2012 and June 2013 that this collective publication has been drawn up. This publication is therefore the first tangible result of this work, at the level of the whole region, on the performance of transport systems in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries. Its content shows that there is still significant progress to be made to develop and standardise statistical information, as well as The Performance of Transport systems in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries 1 analysing and utilising it to its full potential. In this respect, it is hoped that this publication will be merely the first edition of an analysis that will continue to grow in size and consistency in following editions. However, it already provides very useful information for anybody, whether politician, transport analyst, business leader or researcher, who wishes to better understand the economic, technical and environmental performance of different modes of transport in the Mediterranean region. Thierry Coulet Key expert Transport Statistics MEDSTAT III programme La performance des systèmes de transport dans les pays du Sud et de l’Est de la Méditerranée 2 The Performance of Transport systems in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries Contents Chapter 1: The performance of transport systems in Morocco…………………………………………….. Page 5 Chapter 2: The performance of transport systems in Algeria……………………………………………….. Page 25 Chapter 3: The performance of transport systems in Tunisia………………………………………………..Page 43 Chapter 4: The performance of transport systems in Egypt…………………………………………………. Page 67 Chapter 5: The performance of transport systems in Israel…………………………………………………. Page 85 Chapter 6: The performance of transport systems in Palestine…………………………………………… Page 97 Chapter 7: The performance of transport systems in Jordan……………………………………………….. Page 107 Chapter 8: The performance of transport systems in Lebanon…………………………………………….. Page 125 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...Page 139 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 140 The Performance of Transport systems in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries 3 La performance des systèmes de transport dans les pays du Sud et de l’Est de la Méditerranée 4 The Performance of Transport systems in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries ChaptMorocecor 1 Performance of transport systems in Morocco The economic, technical and environmental performance of Transport activities and systems in Morocco Located at the extreme north-west of the African continent, Morocco has a sea frontier that covers 3,500 km – bordering the Mediterranean to the north, with a coastline of around 500 km, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, with a coastline of around 3,000 km. Morocco shares a land border with Algeria in the east and Mauritania in the south. Morocco covers an area of 710,850 km², a large part of which is mountainous terrain. Table 1 – Key figures for Morocco 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Unit Population 28,705 30,172 30,506 30,841 31,177 31,514 31,851 Thousands Population density 40 42 43 43 44 44 45 Inhabitants/km² GDP (current 393,381 527,679 577,344 616,254 688,843 732,449 764,031 Millions of DH prices) Rate of growth 0.9 1.7 7.8 2.7 5.6 4.8 3.6 % GDP/inhabitant 13,704 17,489 18,926 19,982 22,095 23,242