Partnership for Urban South Hampshire: Air Quality Impact Assessment
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Partnership for Urban South Hampshire: Air Quality Impact Assessment ___________________________________________________ Report for East Hampshire District Council, Eastleigh Borough Council, Fareham Borough Council, Gosport Borough Council, Havant Borough Council, Portsmouth City Council, Southampton City Council, Test Valley Borough Council, and Winchester City Council ED 10415100 | Issue Number 4 | Date 05/09/2018 Ricardo Energy & Environment Partnership for Urban South Hampshire: Air Quality Impact Assessment | i Customer: Contact: East Hampshire District Council, Eastleigh Jessica Virdo Borough Council, Fareham Borough Council, Ricardo Energy & Environment Gosport Borough Council, Havant Borough Gemini Building, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QR, Council, Portsmouth City Council, United Kingdom Southampton City Council, Test Valley Borough Council, and Winchester City t: +44 (0) 1235 75 3489 Council e: [email protected] Ricardo-AEA Ltd is certificated to ISO9001 and ISO14001 Confidentiality, copyright & reproduction: This report is submitted by Ricardo Energy & Environment under contract to the Havant Borough Council. Authors: It may not be used for any other purposes, Thomas Adams, Aayesha Akram, Richard reproduced in whole or in part, nor passed to any Andrews, Robert Benney, Hayley Breen, Mark organisation or person without the specific Broomfield, Thomas Buckland, Charlotte Day, permission in writing of the Commercial Manager, Martin Ferreira, Ken Lipscomb, Nicola Masey, Ricardo Energy & Environment. Victoria Thomson, Keith Vincent, and Jessica Virdo Approved By: Beth Conlan Date: 05 September 2018 Ricardo Energy & Environment reference: Ref: ED10415100- Issue Number 4 Ricardo in Confidence Ref: Ricardo/ED10415100/Issue Number 4 Ricardo Energy & Environment Partnership for Urban South Hampshire: Air Quality Impact Assessment | ii Executive Summary The Partnership for Urban South Hampshire (PUSH) comprises a voluntary partnership of eleven authorities located on the south coast of England. The local authorities included in the study area include Portsmouth City Council, Southampton City Council, Isle of Wight Council, Eastleigh Borough Council, East Hampshire District Council (part), Fareham Borough Council, Gosport Borough Council, Havant Borough Council, New Forest District Council (part), Test Valley Borough Council (part) and Winchester City Council (part). The PUSH Spatial Position Statement 2016 envisages the provision of an additional 104,350 homes by 2034. Local authorities within the PUSH sub-region are currently preparing supporting local plans, with timelines varying by authority and looking to either 2034 or 2036. The greatest population growth is likely to be seen in Portsmouth and Southampton as part of the ‘cities first’ approach. The proposed development may have the potential for significant effects on the environment both within the PUSH region and in surrounding areas. At the same time, the impact of development planned in neighbouring authorities adjoining the PUSH sub-region will potentially have effects on people and the natural environment within the PUSH area. This report considers air quality impacts from increased vehicle emissions associated with proposed development in the PUSH region. Air quality is an ongoing issue of concern for many local authorities within the PUSH region. In the context of human health and the UK’s national air quality objectives, the main pollutant emissions arising from increased road traffic are nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (both PM10 and PM2.5). The national Air Quality Objective for nitrogen dioxide continues to be exceeded at a number of locations. There are currently 21 Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) in the PUSH area, located within Portsmouth, Fareham, Southampton and Eastleigh. Air quality impacts are also a concern for natural habitats. The area of South Hampshire includes many natural habitat sites and species of international importance. There are many roads in the PUSH region which pass through or nearby designated sites. These sites may be adversely affected by increases in air concentrations of pollutants, particularly oxides of nitrogen and ammonia, and the deposition of these pollutants within the habitats. This report contains the results of an assessment of air quality impacts to support the PUSH local planning authorities in carrying out their reviews of the spatial strategy for the area. A sub-regional air dispersion model (RapidAir) was used to model predicted air quality impacts at all locations within the PUSH study area at a resolution of 3m x 3m. This method of spatially detailed compliance modelling was used to assess air quality impacts in terms of both potential effects on human health and on protected nature conservation sites. Traffic growth within the study area was provided by Solent Transport’s Sub-Regional Transport Model (SRTM). In total, four traffic scenarios were modelled: 2014 Reference Case, 2034 Baseline Scenario, 2034 Do Minimum (2034 DM) Scenario and 2034 Do Something (2034 DS) Scenario. Both 2034 DM and DS scenarios included development and growth within the PUSH region, equating to approximately 100,000 additional dwellings compared to the 2034 Baseline scenario. 2034 DS includes additional transport interventions which are aimed at helping to mitigate the impact of the proposed developments on the transport network. Air quality impacts on human health were assessed based on predicted annual average airborne concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) for all four traffic model scenarios. The air quality impacts were evaluated within existing AQMAs, as well as any other locations within the study area predicted to have pollutant concentrations exceeding the Air Quality Objectives. The air quality modelling study indicates that, because of general improvements in air quality over the period up to 2034, ambient concentrations of NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 within the majority of AQMAs in Ricardo in Confidence Ref: Ricardo/ED10415100/Issue Number 4 Ricardo Energy & Environment Partnership for Urban South Hampshire: Air Quality Impact Assessment | iii the PUSH study area are forecast to improve, and at almost all locations within the AQMAs, concentrations will meet the applicable air quality objectives under the future development scenarios. The modelling indicates that the maximum concentrations are predicted to exceed the objectives in some limited areas under the 2034 development scenarios. However, in all cases, these exceedances are not forecast to occur at locations of relevant exposure (e.g. residences, schools, hospitals etc.). While there is no specific requirement for further mitigation to achieve air quality objectives in 2034, further mitigation measures could be considered to address the higher concentrations within these AQMAs, and are discussed in subsequent chapters of this report. Work is also under way under separate initiatives to ensure that air quality objectives are achieved at all relevant locations as quickly as possible. Air quality impacts on designated sites were assessed based on predicted annual average airborne concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and ammonia (NH3), as well as annual deposition of nutrient nitrogen and acid. The assessment of impacts on designated was carried out in a stepwise process, designed to comply with Natural England’s emerging requirements and good practice for evaluation of the impacts of air pollution on nature conservation sites. The requirements from Natural England were developed primarily for the assessment of designated sites with European (or equivalent international) designation, namely Ramsar sites, Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Special Protection Areas (SPAs). We have also included nationally designated Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) that do not form components of European sites in this study. This assessment indicates that the proposed future PUSH development scenarios have the potential to result in air quality impacts for several European-designated sites, for which likely significant effects from air quality impacts cannot be ruled out based on the existing evidence base. In most cases, predicted areas of possible air quality impacts occur in close proximity to existing motorways and A- roads. It is recommended that Councils should consider whether further surveys could be useful to confirm the existence of protected habitats and species within the relevant designated sites. In the event that such surveys confirm that the protected habitats and species are not present in these zones, no further action would be needed to mitigate impacts. Where impacts cannot be ruled out in this way, for European-designated sites, an HRA Stage 2 appropriate assessment will be required to inform the respective local plans, and mitigation of any significant impacts may potentially be needed. This study shows that overall the PUSH region will experience an improvement in air quality over the assessment period, resulting from changes to the road fleet during this time. However, it is also important that the Councils seek further opportunities to avoid or reduce the impacts of vehicle emissions on air quality, through the implementation of well-designed policies and plans that incorporate effective air quality and transport related measures, such as those discussed in this report. The PUSH partnership offers a unique opportunity for the development of a regional strategy that incorporates