ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Glendale, California

prepared for The City of Glendale

prepared by Architectural Resources Group, Inc. Architects, Planners & Conservators

Pasadena, California

July 2009

Acknowledgements

PROJECT TEAM

City of Glendale Management Services Robert K. McFall, Assistant City Manager Department of Parks, Recreation & Community Services George Chapjian, Director Gary Marello, Park Services Administrator Koko Panossian, Administrative Analyst Teresa Aleksanian, Administrative Analyst Glendale Public Library Cindy Cleary, M.L.I.S., Director of Libraries Planning Department Jay Platt, Historic Preservation & Urban Design Public Works Facilities Services John B. Hickman, Facilities Services Superintendent

Consultant Team Architectural Resources Group, Inc. - Architecture and Historic Preservation Charles Chase, AIA, Principal-in-Charge Katie Horak, Project Manager Justine Leong, Architect Amanda Davis, Architectural Historian / Preservation Planner

KornRandolph - Landscape Architects Amy Korn, ASLA, Design Principal Matt Randolph, ASLA, Principal Landscape Architect Sebastian Garcia, Senior Project Manager

The consultant team would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance and enthusiastic support of this project: Mike Lawler, president, Crescenta Valley Historical Society; Patricia Traviss, granddaughter of Rockhaven founder Agnes Richards and later Director of Rockhaven; Ivan Cole, groundskeeper at Rockhaven; and George Ellison, Glendale Library, Special Collections. ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ...... 2 1.1 Executive Summary ...... 2 1.2 Methodology ...... 2 1.3 Previous Designations and Surveys ...... 4

2. Statement of Signifi cance ...... 4 2.1 Historic Context Statement ...... 4 2.2 Defi nition of Period of Signifi cance ...... 14

3. Description and Treatment Recommendations ...... 15 3.1 Site ...... 15 3.2 Buildings ...... 16 3.3 Landscape ...... 44

4. Evaluation of Integrity ...... 44

5. Conditions Assessment and Treatment Recommendations ...... 46

6. Summary of Landscape Analysis and Recommendations ...... 47 6.1 Landscape Summary ...... 47 6.2 Conceptual Planting Plans ...... 48 6.3 Exterior Objects ...... 49

7. Recommendations for Stabilization, Security Measures, and Further Study ...... 49 7.1 Summary ...... 49 7.2 Visitor Access Plan ...... 49 7.3 Recommendations for Further Study ...... 50

8. Conclusion ...... 51

9. Bibliography ...... 52

10. Appendices ...... 53 Appendix A. Conditions Assessment and Treatment Recommendations Appendix B. Landscape, Hardscape and Visitor Access Plan

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Executive Summary Architectural Resources Group, Inc. (ARG), in collaboration with Korn Randolph, Landscape Architects, has prepared the following report at the request of the City of Glendale. The focus of this report is the Rockhaven Sanitarium property, located at 2713 Honolulu Avenue. The property, which is approximately three-and-a-half acres in size, comprises 15 buildings situated in a rich and fully integrated landscape.

Today, Rockhaven Sanitarium remains a rare surviving example of an institutional typology that once ﬂ ourished in the Crescenta Valley. With its clean air and drinking water and mountainous views, the Crescenta Valley provided an apt setting for health-seekers migrating westward in the early decades of the twentieth century. By 1928, there were as many as 25 sanitariums (mainly sheltering those suffering from lung ailments) in the Valley. With massive suburban development in the area in the postwar years and the replacement of the clean air with smog, most health facilities closed down and were demolished. Rockhaven, however, continued to operate at its original location, providing geriatrics care in the latter part of the twentieth century. The facility closed in 2005; it is currently vacant and owned by the City of Glendale.

This report focuses on building and landscape conditions and treatment recommendations, but also includes a statement of signifi cance; identifi cation of a period of signifi cance; site, building and landscape descriptions; an integrity evaluation; a landscape analysis and conceptual planting plan; and recommendations for security measures, stabilization, and future study. Further, ARG and Korn Randolph have developed an interim Visitor Access Plan, which will allow for access to a limited portion of the Rockhaven property while measures are taken to make the entire property accessible to the public.

1.2 Methodology The methodological approach for this report was based on available documentary research and a number of site visits in March and April, 2009. The buildings’ interiors and exteriors, as well as the landscape, were photographed and surveyed at the time of the site visits.

For historical background, ARG has relied on primary and secondary research from the following sources:

 Archives of the Los Angeles Public Library  Los Angeles Times historical archive  Glendale Public Library, Special Collections  Crescenta Valley Historical Society  Various online repositories  Oral histories, provided by Mike Lawler of the Crescenta Valley Historical Society  Research gathered by City of Glendale staff  ARG’s in-house library  Building permits from the City of Glendale, Building and Safety Division (Dept. of Public Works)

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For the conditions assessment and treatment recommendations, only a visual analysis was conducted. This study did not include a full structural analysis.

For guidance in conducting the survey of the property and the evaluation of integrity, the following National Register Bulletins were consulted:

 National Register Bulletin # 15, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation

 National Register Bulletin # 24, Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning

A historic context statement and integrity evaluation were completed as part of this study in order to provide background and context for recommended treatment of the site, buildings and landscape. However, a full evaluation of the property against National Register of Historic Places (National Register), California Register of Historical Resources (California Register) or local (City of Glendale) criteria was not conducted. In order to be eligible for the National or California Registers, a property must meet at least one of the eligibility criteria and retain sufﬁ cient integrity. ARG recommends that the Rockhaven property appears eligible for listing on the National and California Registers; the City of Glendale may decide to proceed with the nomination process in the future.

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1.3 Previous Designations and Surveys Although the Rockhaven property has been recognized as signiﬁ cant and is appreciated by the local community, it has not been ofﬁ cially designated as a historic resource at the national, state or local level. It does not appear in the California Historic Resources Inventory (HRI).

In 2004, a Historic Assessment was completed by EP Associates, Environmental Consulting & Management, for Ararat Home of Los Angeles, the owner of the property at that time. EP Associates determined that the property did not meet local, state or federal criteria for landmark eligibility. No formal determinations were made as part of the 2004 study.

2. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

2.1 Historic Context Statement

Background: Early History of the Site Located in the Crescenta Valley—an area nestled between the San Gabriel Mountains to the north, the Verdugo Mountains to the west, and the San Rafael Hills to the south—Rockhaven Sanitarium is, today, part of the City of Glendale. The original inhabitants of the region were the Tongva Indians who settled here for some 1,000 years before the arrival of European settlers in the eighteenth century. (The Tongva were eventually renamed the Gabrielino Indians for their proximity to the Mission San Gabriel.) It is estimated that approximately ﬁ ve thousand Tongva resided in the region when the Spanish began the mass colonization of native peoples under the mission system in the eighteenth century.1

In 1781, the Pueblo of Los Angeles was established. Three years later, in 1784, the Spanish government granted 36,000 acres of land that would become Rancho San Rafael to José María Verdugo, a corporal in the army of New Spain. One of the ﬁ rst land grants in California, the rancho occupied territory between the Los Angeles River and the Arroyo Seco and was used for a variety of purposes that included farming, hunting, and cattle grazing. After the death of Verdugo in 1831, two of his children inherited the rancho, and his daughter, Catalina, also was given Rancho La Cañada to the north. Though the family held onto the land after American rule began in 1847, they later fell into debt and sold Rancho San Rafael to various parties in 1869-70. The Crescenta Valley was once part of both Rancho San Rafael and Rancho La Cañada; Rockhaven Sanitarium is located on the former.

Sanitariums in the Crescenta Valley In 1881, Dr. Benjamin Briggs conducted a worldwide search for a location with an ideal climate to open a sanitarium that would treat respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis and asthma. Settling on the clean air and drinking water in the valley that he would soon name “Crescenta,” Briggs purchased it in its entirety, from Pickens Canyon west to Tujunga. The land was soon divided into parallelogram-shaped, 10-acre lots. His pioneering efforts in the area were followed by other “health seekers” from the Midwest and the Eastern seaboard, and by the 1920s the Crescenta Valley became widely known for its sanitariums and health resorts. The La Crescenta Chamber

1 From Cogweb, a website dedicated to topics of Cognitive Cultural Studies, edited by Frances Steen of the University of California, Los Angeles. “Tongva (Gabrielinos),” 2006. .

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La Crescenta Valley, 1890 (Courtesy of Glendale Public Library)

La Crescenta Valley, 1927 (Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library) of Commerce promoted the region as “the most healthful place on earth” with its ﬁ ve major assets being “Health, Wealth, Happiness, Beauty and Sunshine.”2

According to local resident Charles Bausback, there were 25 sanitariums for lung diseases when he moved to the Crescenta Valley in 1928.3 Some of these included Glendale Sanitarium and Hospital,

2 Mike Lawler and Robert Newcombe, Images of America: La Crescenta (San Francisco: Arcadia Publishing, 2005), 30. 3 From A Glimpse into Rockhaven, dir. Ana Tabuena, 2008.

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which started in 1905 in a Victorian-era house (later moving to a larger facility in 1922); Mount Lukens Sanitarium built c. 1933 close to where Dunsmore Park is today; and Dreier’s Sanitarium at 1400 West Glenoaks Boulevard in Glendale. From the 1920s to the 1950s, other sanitariums in the area included:4

• Arbor Rest Home, 1209 East Lexington Drive • Canyon Crest Sanitarium, 1517 East Wilson Avenue • Catherine’s Sanitarium, 713 South Glendale Avenue • El Contento, 426 South Adams Street • Elms Sanitarium, 800 South Central Avenue • Glen Haven Sanitarium, 250 North Verdugo Road • Hillcrest Sanitarium, 3815 Markridge Road • Laurel Sanitarium, 200 West Laurel Street • Mission Rest Home, 1011 San Fernando Road • Utley Sanitarium, top of Briggs Avenue • Villa Shaw Rest Home, 657 Milford Street • Windsor Hospital, 1100 East Windsor Road

Though the vast majority of rest homes were established to treat respiratory diseases, at least two–Rockhaven and Kimball Sanitariums–were opened as mental health institutions in the 1920s. Kimball Sanitarium, founded after Rockhaven by Merritt Kimball, was located in an 1880s Victorian cottage on Michigan Avenue (now Foothill Boulevard) and accepted both men and women. Patricia Traviss, granddaughter and later director of Rockhaven, recalled that most sanitariums in the area operated as respiratory facilities for patients suffering from diseases such as tuberculosis and asthma; Rockhaven and Kimball Sanitariums stood out as accepting all patients whose ailments could be treated, not just those with lung diseases.5

By the late 1920s, Crescenta Valley residents concerned with the number of sanitariums and rest homes in the region formed an organization to oppose the construction of additional health institutions. The postwar-era residential and commercial development–as well as the construction of the California State Route 2 and Interstate 210 freeways–increased automobile trafﬁ c in the valley, and the clean air was soon overcome by smog. Many of the sanitariums were demolished, as was Kimball’s fate in the 1960s. By 1977, only Rockhaven and Dreier’s Sanitarium were listed under “Sanitariums” in the Glendale City Directory. In an area famed for its sanitariums in the ﬁ rst half of the twentieth century, Rockhaven stands today as the eldest intact example of this type in the Crescenta Valley.6

Agnes M[ary] Richards, R. N. Born in Nebraska on February 16, 1883, Agnes M. Richards was raised in Europe and later graduated from Chicago’s Cook County Hospital in 1913. After serving with the American Red Cross in France during World War I, Richards came to Southern California where she worked at Patton State Hospital and Los Angeles County General Hospital. She was discouraged by the way these state-run mental institutions treated their female patients, believing instead in the beneﬁ ts 4 From listings under “Sanitariums” found in the Glendale City Directory of the years 1919 (earliest available), 1925, 1930, 1955 and 1960. 5 Patricia Traviss, interview by Mike Lawler, 12 April 2008. 6 Mike Lawler, e-mail to author, 30 March 2009.

6 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT of individual care in a homelike setting. With “a shoe-string budget of $1,000”, Richards founded Rockhaven Sanitarium, a women-only facility, in the Crescenta Valley in 1923 as one of the ﬁ rst private mental health institutions in California.7

Crescenta Valley residents considered her “one of its leaders,” as she was “always ready to lend her aid in promoting the welfare of the community, from being a bank director, to that of offering substantial encouragement to the sick and needy.”8 By the early 1950s, caring for Rockhaven became increasingly difﬁ cult for the aging nurse, and her granddaughter, Patricia Traviss, gradually took charge of the facility. An avid world traveler in her later years, Richards continued to work at Rockhaven until months before her death in 1967 at the age of 84.

Rockhaven Sanitarium Intended as a “secluded sanctuary,” Rockhaven Sanitarium Agnes M. Richards (Courtesy of HSCV) began as a place of rehabilitation for women suffering from overwork and exhaustion.9 Located just twelve miles north of downtown Los Angeles and six miles north of Glendale (then a separate city), Agnes Richards opened Rockhaven at 2713 Honolulu Avenue in 1923 and named it after the two-story “Rockhouse” building that she rented in Verdugo City.10 The site (down the road from the Montrose business district) appealed to her, as “plenty of sunlight [was] afforded by the beautiful mountainous location, high above the fog-line,” and it “[overlooked] south, east and west, the green Verdugo Mountains, far famed for their quiet, restful beauty.”11 Here she housed her administrative ofﬁ ces and cared for her ﬁ rst six patients.

Over time, as her business grew, Richards purchased several Craftsman style houses on the property to use as living quarters.12 Lodging was Rockhouse, north (rear) elevation (Courtesy of HSCV) 7 “Rockhaven Sanitarium: Celebrating 75 Years of Distinguished Service,” Glendale News-Press, 16 December 1998. 8 No title, La Crescenta Valley Ledger, 1937, n. pag. 9 Rockhaven Sanitarium, pamphlet, n.p.: c. 1955. 10 The City of Glendale annexed Verdugo City, Montrose, and other adjacent areas in December 1951. 11 Rest at Rockhaven for the Mind and Body, pamphlet, n.p.: c. 1955. 12 The 1930 United States Census reveals that the Nurses’ Home was, at that time, a private residence owned by an in- surance salesman and his family. The year that Richards acquired this property is unknown, though it probably occurred by the mid 1930s. Individual addresses for the Canary and Coulter Cottages on Hermosa Avenue and the Rose Cottage on Pleasure Way did not appear on the census form, indicating that by 1930 these structures likely belonged to Rockhaven.

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provided for patients in the Canary Cottage (constructed 1920), the Rose Cottage (1921) and the Coulter Cottage (1921), for the night nurses in the Nurses’ Home (1928), and for other employees in the Acorn Cottage (1931). The latter building, which was given a northern addition in 1940, was originally built as a garage for the Rose Cottage when it was a private house. A southeast wing was added to the Canary Cottage in 1933; a porch addition in 1929 was likely completed at the west elevation of the original building. The Coulter Cottage received a porch addition to the west elevation in 1930, and the northern porch was enclosed in 1944. Willows Cottage (east elevation), c. 1960s (Courtesy of HSCV) Richards had several new buildings constructed to serve as additional residences: the Annex Building (1929, later also known as the Elms Cottage), the Pines Cottage (1931), the Willows Cottage (1938), and the Oaks Cottage (1939). The Rose, Coulter, Canary, Pines and Willows Cottages were intended for women who lived at Rockhaven on a permanent basis. Those patients that required “more than average supervision and care” stayed in the fully-staffed Annex Building while those needing “complete rest” or electroshock treatments (which was used extensively in the United States Patios and walkways, c. 1960s (Courtesy of HSCV) in the mid-twentieth century) resided in the Oaks Cottage.13 Rockhaven only admitted ambulatory patients with mental illnesses, but the Little Hospital (1929, later also known as the Dorms) was built for hospital care in the event it was needed.

Because patient history was kept private, the type of woman admitted to the sanitarium, their illnesses, and their treatment is difﬁ cult to specify. The 1930 United States Census–the only one currently available for Rockhaven–reveals that the 44 female “inmates” were largely married or widowed, ranged in age from their 20s to their 80s, and hailed from all over the world.14 A Rockhaven brochure noted that the sanitarium was designed to treat “nervous and mental cases” and that, in addition to electroshock therapy, hydrotherapy and massage were offered.15 Well-

13 Rest at Rockhaven for the Mind and Body. 14 The census enumerator, in attempting to record the names of all residents at Rockhaven, included the note, “This is the best I could get as it is a [sic] Institution for feeble minded and the Head nurse gave it this way as it was all she had.” 15 In an interview conducted by Mike Lawler, Patricia Traviss was hesitant to discuss Rockhaven residents and indicated that when the facility operated under the umbrella of the Department of Mental Hygiene in the earlier part of its history, privacy laws were strictly enforced.

8 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT known doctors were often invited to the sanitariums in the area; Dr. Phillip Davis and Dr. Randall Chapman, who eventually founded Burbank Hospital, attended to private cases at Rockhaven.16 Patients were encouraged to relax outdoors; every cottage had at least one porch, brick patios with yard furniture were placed strategically on the grounds for rest and sunbathing, and brick walkways meandered through the carefully-designed landscape. Even indoor spaces, such as the sun parlors at the Coulter and Canary Cottages with their numerous casement windows, were intended to bring sunlight and fresh air in.

By the 1950s, Rockhaven occupied three-and-one-half acres and could accommodate 100 patients who were attended by 14 nurses and 14 nurses-aides.17 Richards stressed the importance of homelike surroundings, individual supervision and privacy. Patients, often referred to as residents, lived in cottages furnished as their own homes might have been. Each cottage had a living room with comfortable seating, decorations such as curtains and pictures, and, eventually, television sets. The Pines was the largest residence with ten bedrooms, followed by the Annex and the Oaks with eight each, the Canary with seven, the Willows with ﬁ ve, and the Rose and Coulter with four each (single and double bedrooms were provided). A library, several pianos, and games ranging from cards to badminton also helped foster a familiar, comfortable environment. The facility was non-sectarian, “open to all irrespective of race, creed or color,” and allowed visitations by priests, pastors and rabbis.18

Service facilities were housed in several buildings on the western side of the property. The Dining Hall (1934), located at the center of the complex, served meals three times a day and included a kitchen and, after a 1943 addition, a large pantry. The Garage (1930) next to the Rockhouse had a 1940 laundry addition; the Shop and Garden (1931) adjacent to the Nurses’ Home was converted from a garage into storage for garden and maintenance supplies; and the Food Storage (c 1930s) building was placed along the west stone perimeter wall. According to the 1930 census, a cook, assistant cook, waitress, three nurses, a laundress, two gardeners and two helpers worked on the premises.

Signifi cant Residents In close proximity to the Hollywood entertainment industry, Crescenta Valley sanitariums were often associated with celebrities who sought treatment and relaxation either for themselves or for their relatives. This was certainly true of Rockhaven, at one time referred to as the “Screen Actor’s Sanitarium.”19 One of the more well-known residents was Gladys Pearl Eley, mother of actress Marilyn Monroe, who lived at Rockhaven from 1952 to 1966. Eley was reported to have escaped from the sanitarium several times; a year after Monroe’s death in 1962, Eley received press attention for having walked 15 miles to the Lakeview Terrace Baptist Church. Other notable residents included actress Billie Burke (best known for her role as Glenda the Good Witch from the 1939 fi lm The Wizard of Oz), actor Clark Gable’s fi rst wife, Josephine Dillon, and entertainer Spike Jones’s mother, Ada Jones. (Though the actress Frances Farmer is rumored to have resided at Rockhaven, in actuality she stayed at Kimball Sanitarium nearby.20) Due to privacy laws in place at the time, it is unclear if other well-known individuals stayed at Rockhaven.

16 Patricia Traviss, interview by Mike Lawler. 17 Rest at Rockhaven for the Mind and Body. 18 Ibid. 19 Vince Lovato, “Owners Selling Rock Haven Sanitarium,” News-Press and Leader, 22 August 2006, A1. 20 Patricia Traviss, interview with Mike Lawler.

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Subsequent History Rockhaven appears to have become a geriatrics-only facility (for women) in 1970. The following year, the San Fernando earthquake inﬂ icted damage on the Rockhouse that was determined so severe the building was demolished. The current Administration Building, constructed in 1972 in the late Spanish Colonial Revival style, stands where the Rockhouse was located.

Patricia Traviss continued to serve as director of Rockhaven until 2001. Activities and events such as the Garden Club (led by head grounds keeper Ivan Cole), Easter Hat Parade, dietician-led cooking classes, and the Mother’s Day fashion show provided the elderly residents with a means of staying active. In 1987, Rockhaven was awarded for its buildings and landscapes by Glendale Beautiful. The complex attracted patients from around the world, including dancer Marion Stadler Rose (of the dancing duo, Stadler and Rose) who resided in the Oaks Cottage beginning in 1994. Patricia Traviss sold the property to Ararat Home of Los Angeles in 2001, which continued operations as a convalescent facility until 2005. The City of Glendale purchased the site in 2008.

Architecture and Designed Landscapes Rockhaven Sanitarium sits on a three-and-a-half-acre site facing Faux bois table and chairs by the Rose Cottage, 2009 Honolulu Avenue to the south, Pleasure Way to the east, and Hermosa Avenue to the north. The ﬁ fteen structures on the property were erected between 1920 and 1972. Although the buildings are not architecturally grand in and of themselves, it is clear that Agnes Richards put much deliberate thought into the design of the campus and the relationships between the buildings and landscape. Acquiring the ﬁ ve Craftsman style buildings over time, she hired Prescott and Brothers to design the Spanish Colonial Revival style structures and “expert landscape directors” Brick walkway and patio next to the Coulter Cottage, 2009 (company name unknown) to

10 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT design the grounds.21

The use of the Spanish Colonial Revival style, exceedingly popular in Southern California in the 1920s and 30s, was an ideal choice for the Crescenta Valley site and its Mediterranean-like climate. The low-scale buildings preserve the views of the surrounding mountains and their arrangement on the property created a sense of privacy and enclosure. Courtyards and arcaded porches typical of the style, along with patios and yard furniture placed throughout the grounds, acted as extensions of the residents’ indoor living quarters.

Serving as an important artery in the landscape, a meandering walkway (of either brick or concrete) connects the buildings so that they appear more as one continuous Ivan Cole and Agnes Richards (person on left unknown) with the award from Los Angeles Beautiful, 1966 (courtesy of HSCV) indoor and outdoor space rather than as ﬁ fteen separate structures. Flower beds and hardscapes such as patios, a pond and the faux bois table and chairs south of the Rose Cottage are also connected by this path. Palm trees and other ﬂ ora were planted to accompany the mature oak trees that reportedly helped draw Richards to the site in 1923. In her travels, she collected decorative items such as Asian urns for the Rockhaven landscape. A stone perimeter wall and a chain-link fence covered in vegetation along Hermosa Avenue separate Rockhaven from neighboring single- and multi-family residences. Considering the grounds essential, a Rockhaven brochure stated that “the tranquil beauty of the gardens… and the opportunity for quiet seclusion, all help to hasten the patient’s early recovery.” In 1966, Rockhaven was awarded for its landscaping by Los Angeles Beautiful, Incorporated.

Craftsman Style Though not commissioned by Richards, the Craftsman style buildings—the Nurses’ Home, Canary Cottage and Coulter Cottage facing Hermosa Avenue, and the Rose Cottage and Acorn Cottage facing Pleasure Way—successfully integrate with the other structures on the site. Also low in scale and built with porches, these bungalows were constructed between 1920 and 1933.

The Craftsman bungalow is the house-type most closely associated with the Arts and Crafts movement, which originated in England and was based on the tenets of designer William Morris. The movement was a direct reaction to what Morris and his followers felt were the “deleterious effects of industrialization and the quality of manufactured goods and the separation of the worker from his product.”22 Shunning the mass-produced, gingerbread ornamentation of Victorian-era buildings, architects of the Arts and Crafts movement focused on simplicity of form, informal 21 Rockhaven Sanitarium, pamphlet. 22 Excerpted from the National Register of Historic Places nomination form for the Multiple Property Listing, “The Residential Architecture of Pasadena, California, 1895-1918: The Inﬂ uence of the Arts and Crafts movement,” authored by Lauren Bricker, Robert Winter, and Janet Tearnen for the City of Pasadena. June 25, 1998. Page E1.

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character, direct response to site, and extensive use of natural materials, particularly wood and rubble masonry.23

The Arts and Crafts movement found a North American center in Pasadena, which lies southeast of Glendale. The best-known architects to rise out of the Pasadena Arts and Crafts movement were brothers Charles and Henry Greene, whose Rose Cottage, 2009 connection to the English Arts and Crafts movement, interest in Japanese wooden architecture, and training in the manual arts resulted in the development of regional Arts and Crafts styles. The popularity of their designs as well as those of the many others who began to practice in Pasadena and Los Angeles at roughly the same time, which ranged from small one-story bungalows to large, intricately-crafted mansions (or Ultimate Bungalows), was Coulter Cottage, 2009 compounded by their subsequent publication in pattern books such as Western Architect, House Beautiful, Ladies’ Home Journal, and The Craftsman.

Throughout the country, but particularly in Southern California, the Craftsman bungalow became widely popular among middle-class families from about 1905 to the early 1920s. One- or one- and-one-half stories in height, the bungalow is almost always horizontally oriented. This suburban house type ﬂ ourished in the City of Glendale, but it appeared to have been more scattered in the Crescenta Valley, which remained rural in character before the development boom of the 1920s.

Character-deﬁ ning features of the style include:

 Wood sash windows, often with a multi-paned upper sash  Windows arranged in bands  Partial- or full-width porches  Square or battered porch supports  Single door entrances, often with glazing  Hipped or gabled low-pitched roofs  Dormers  Wide, overhanging eaves with exposed rafters and purlins

23 Ibid.

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 Wood clapboard and/or wood shingle siding  Extensive use of rubble stone at foundation and porch rail/supports

The Nurses’ Home and Coulter Cottage, though originally clad in stone and wood clapboard, respectively, later had their exterior walls clad with stucco possibly to harmonize with the then fashionable Spanish style buildings being constructed on the property.24 Additional porches were added to the Canary and Coulter Cottages in the 1930s to allow patients more access to the outdoors.

Spanish Colonial Revival Style The Spanish Colonial Revival style is used at the Annex Building, the Little Hospital, the Garage and Laundry, the Pines Cottage, the Dining Hall, the Willows Cottage, and the Oaks Cottage, which were constructed between 1929 and 1940. The Food and Storage building is also in this style and was likely built in the 1930s (or no later than the mid-1950s).

The Spanish Colonial Revival style was one of the most prevalent residential styles of the late 1920s and 30s. This style, which elaborated Willows Cottage, 2009 on the Hispanicism of the Mission Revival style, became profoundly popular after its appearance at the Panama-California Exposition held in San Diego in 1915. The Exposition was designed by architect Bertram Goodhue, who felt that the richness of Spanish architecture found in Latin America was an appropriate precedent in the development of a regional style for Southern California. The style’s emphasis on the integration of indoor and outdoor spaces, with prevalent patios, courtyards and arcades made it an apt choice for the buildings of Rockhaven, which would provide refuge for those in need of clean air, sunshine Annex (Elms Cottage), 2009 and relaxation. 24 The building permit for the Nurses’ Home indicates it originally had a “rock” exterior with cobblestone trim. Evi- dence that the Coulter Cottage was originally sided with wood clapboard is found on the section of the north elevation within the stone sun parlor. When this former porch was enclosed in 1944, the stucco was likely applied afterward to the other exterior elevations (according to the building permit, the stucco ﬁ nish was there by 1962).

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Spanish Colonial Revival style houses are typically one or two stories in height and feature asymmetrical facades clad with smooth or textured stucco painted white or off-white.

Common character-deﬁ ning features of the style include:

 Windows with arched openings  Partial-width porches, often recessed with arched entries  Stepped or sloped parapets  Gabled or ﬂ at roofs  Stucco cladding  Clay tile roof cladding  Clay tile decorative elements, such as vents and entrance hoods  Decorative ironwork

Important Builders The architects of the Craftsman style buildings are not known, though they probably were local builders. The Spanish Colonial Revival style buildings, however, were designed by Peter Prescott & Sons. Research revealed little about the company except that they were a small, local construction company that primarily worked in the Crescenta Valley. It is likely that they were also responsible for the southeast wing addition to the Canary Cottage (also in the Spanish Colonial Revival style) as well as smaller additions to the Dining Hall, the Garage and Laundry, the Coulter Cottage and the Acorn Cottage.

A building permit for the current Administration Building built in 1972 names Prescott Brothers as the contractor. This company is likely the successor to Peter Prescott & Sons.

2.2 Defi nition of Period of Signifi cance The period of signifi cance for Rockhaven has been identifi ed as 1923-1970. Agnes Richards founded the Rockhaven facility in 1923 and continued to operate it until her death in 1967. The site grew over time as Ms. Richards purchased nearby buildings and constructed new buildings to serve the needs of her patients. The last building to be constructed was the Oaks Cottage, in 1939. Even after these buildings were constructed, the property continued to evolve over the years according to Richards’s vision, with ongoing development of the landscape and outdoor spaces. The landscape, which is essential to the signifi cance of the Rockhaven property, was recognized in 1966 with the bestowment of the Los Angeles Beautifi cation Award. Photos from this period show a lush and fully mature landscape, perfectly complimenting the buildings for which it provides setting.

Ms. Richards passed away in 1967, and in 1971 an earthquake caused substantial damage to the buildings on the property. At this time, the Rockhouse was demolished and many of the buildings received new roofs (removing the clay tile and replacing it with incompatible composition shingle rooﬁ ng). Further, the use of the site continued to evolve in the latter part of the twentieth century, with the focus of the facility shifting from the treatment of mental and nervous conditions to geriatrics care. Therefore, 1970 has been chosen for the closure of the period of signiﬁ cance, as after this time it appears that the property began to change in use and appearance.

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3. DESCRIPTION

3.1 Site Rockhaven Sanitarium is located at 2713 Honolulu Avenue in the City of Glendale. It consists of an L-shaped property that is approximately three-and-a-half acres in size. The property is bounded by Honolulu Avenue to the south, Pleasure Way to the east, and Hermosa Avenue to the north. It culminates mid-block to the west, with the nearest western street being La Crescenta Avenue. The immediate surrounding area is generally composed of single- and multi-family residences, with some light commercial on Honolulu Avenue. The property comprises ﬁ fteen freestanding buildings, none of which exceed two stories or 4,000 square feet. The buildings are clustered at the eastern, largest segment of the property; the northwestern corner of the property (forming the “L” shape of the site) is undeveloped, as is a small square-shaped piece of the property at the southwest corner.

The property has a slight northward incline. It is surrounded by a perimeter fence which is composed of local stone, wrought iron and, in some cases, chain link. The main pedestrian entrance to the property is located at the southern boundary of the site, on Honolulu Avenue. It is accessed by a historic wrought iron gate. There is an additional pedestrian entrance and a vehicular entrance off Honolulu. A secondary vehicular entrance is located mid-block on Pleasure Way, and there are four secondary entrances off Hermosa Avenue. Three of these entrances appear to be the historic points of pedestrian and vehicular entry for the Nurses’ Home and the Canary Cottage, which were single-family residences before they were acquired for use by Rockhaven. The fourth entrance is located at the far northwestern corner of the property, which is undeveloped.

The ﬁ fteen buildings that comprise the Rockhaven property are situated among a lush landscape, which appears to have evolved organically and under the direction of Agnes Richards as the property took shape between 1923 and 1940 (all of the institution’s buildings, except for the Administration Building, were constructed or acquired within this period). Buildings are connected by meandering walkways and are often accompanied by patios, courtyards, and outdoor sitting areas. A more detailed description of the landscape can be found in Section 3.3, following the individual building descriptions.

Character deﬁ ning features of the Rockhaven site include:  Low-slung buildings, nearly all of which are one-story in height  Shady nature of the landscape, with numerous large trees  Viewshed of nearby hills  Plentiful pedestrian circulation, with meandering walkways of brick and concrete  Feeling of seclusion from surrounding community, with perimeter walls and tree canopy prohibiting views of neighboring buildings  Spaces that encourage outdoor relaxation and gathering, such as patios, porches and sitting areas  Consistent use of building materials (such as stucco, clay tile, wrought iron, and rubble stone) which creates a cohesive built environment  Sloping nature of the site, relating to the natural topography of the area

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3.2 Buildings Note: Many of Rockhaven’s buildings were altered and adapted over the years as the facility grew. These alterations, if they occurred during the Period of Signiﬁ cance delineated in this report (1923- 1970), are considered historic in their own right. Alterations are only called out in this section if they were determined, to the best of our knowledge, to have occurred after 1970.

Building A, Nurses’ Home The Nurses’ Home was constructed in 1928. It was stuccoed sometime after its original construction (exact date unknown, likely mid-1930s).

Exterior Description The one-story Craftsman style Nurses’ Home has an irregular plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco; the building permit indicates the exterior siding was originally “rock.” The north elevation has a wood single-paneled door with a rectangular divided light and a non-historic metal screen door. A non-historic sconce lies to the west of the door. All window openings are boarded up at this time and have what appear to be non-historic wood surrounds; the historic multi-pane wood casement windows are still in place, but are only visible from the interior (some glass panes are broken or missing). The cross-gabled roof is clad in composition sheets and has wide, open eaves, exposed rafter tails, exposed purlins and vergeboards. A rubble stone through-eave tapered chimney is located at the west elevation. Paired metal louvered vents are located at all gable peaks. An elevated scored concrete patio with a rubble stone foundation abuts the south elevation. Two sets of concrete steps and a concrete ramp (added later) provide access to the patio. An asphalt driveway runs from Hermosa Avenue to the south end of the building. A basket weave brick walkway leads from the driveway to concrete steps in front of the north elevation entry. Parts of the walkway and driveway are lined with a rubble stone garden wall.

Alterations The window openings have been boarded up with wood plank, although they retain their wood casement windows (visible from the interior); some glass panes are broken or missing.

Interior Description Historic elements of the interior of the Nurses’ Home include the plaster walls; the wood ﬂ oor boards; features in the kitchen that include the linoleum ﬂ oor, built-in cabinets and shelves, the sink, tile countertops and North elevation, with thru-roof rubble stone chimney at west elevation backsplash; wood paneled

16 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT doors; wainscoting by the basement stairs; a rubble stone ﬁ replace; a built-in vanity and linoleum ﬂ oor in the bathroom; and a hanging wrought iron light in the front living room.

Character deﬁ ning features  Low-pitched, cross-gabled roof  Wide overhanging eaves with exposed rafter tails and purlins  Rubble stone chimney  Stucco cladding (although not typical to the Craftsman style, it is a character deﬁ ning feature of the buildings at Rockhaven as they were adapted for use at the facility)  Historic wood casement windows

Condition Building A appears to be in overall poor to fair condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Roof damage (evidence of water damage from leaks in roof) Historic casement window • Dry rot at wood roof beams and rafter tails • Peeling paint at wood vergeboards, beams and rafter tails • Damage to exterior stucco from creeping vines • Deterioration at wood window sills • Damaged windows, including wood sash and glazing (all windows are currently boarded up) • Interior deterioration, including damage to hardwood ﬂ oor and subﬂ oor, cracks in walls, and peeling paint

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A2) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building A.

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Building B, Shop & Garden The Shop and Garden building was constructed in 1928. It appears to originally have been the detached garage for the single family home that became the Nurses’ Home. A small shop was constructed at its south façade in 1931.

Exterior Description The one-story utilitarian Shop & Garden has an L-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. On the east elevation is a partial-width porch with a shed roof (clad with composition shingles) and exposed rafter tails, wood support posts, wood fl ooring and concrete steps. A non-historic fabric screen hangs from a non-historic horizontal wood stud. Two wood paneled doors are located at the porch; wood sliding double garage doors at the north elevation are situated under a clay tile shed roof. All windows are aluminum sliders with non-historic wood surrounds except for the wood sliding window with historic wood surround at the porch. The fl at roof has clay tile coping along some portions of the roofl ine. A rubble stone wall lines the asphalt driveway that runs from the north elevation of the building to Hermosa Avenue where a non-historic chain-link fence and gates have been installed.

Alterations The addition of a non-historic fabric screen that hangs from a non-historic horizontal wood stud at the porch; and aluminum sliding replacement window at the south and west elevations.

Interior Description The interior of the Shop & Garden has unfi nished walls and has concrete fl ooring in the northern room and non-historic vinyl composition tile fl ooring in the southern room.

North elevation; rubble stone wall on right Porch at west elevation

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Character deﬁ ning features  Stucco cladding  Flat roof  Partial-width porch with simple wood supports  Clay tile coping at roof ridge  Shed roof hood over vehicular entry, clad with clay tiles  Wood sliding garage doors

Condition Building B appears to be in overall fair condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Major cracks in exterior stucco at sill plate • Superﬁ cial cracks in exterior stucco • Roof damage (evidence of water damage from leaks in roof) • Dry rot at rafter tails and fascia • General wear and peeling paint at sliding garage doors • Interior deterioration, including damage to hardwood ﬂ oor

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A3) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building B.

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Building C, Pines Cottage The Pines Cottage was constructed in 1931.

Exterior Description The one-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Pines Cottage has a U-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. A full-width arcaded patio at the courtyard has two historic iron sconces above the corbelled piers. These sconces also appear on the other two courtyard elevations. A metal decorative sign that reads “The PINES” protrudes from the courtyard’s north elevation. The patio has scored concrete ﬂ ooring painted red, an historic hanging lamp at the open ceiling, two partially-glazed wood doors at either end, and fully-glazed, multi-paned, wood double doors at the center. On the east elevation of the south wing the entry is marked by a shaped archway that leads to a partially-glazed wood door with sidelights and a transom. It is accessed by a sloped brick pathway with metal pipe handrails and an iron balustrade that was added to prevent usage of the historic stone steps (with decorative wrought iron handrails) to the south. The stonework is also used as a retaining wall for the landscaping between the two pathways. An arched, partially-glazed door at the north elevation is also setback at the end of a shaped archway; an historic metal sconce hangs to the west of the archway.

At the south elevation, a wood door to the basement and a wood utility box are located underneath a clay tile shed roof, which is supported by wood posts and knee braces. A low stone wall borders the scored concrete fl ooring. Four sets of partially-glazed wood double doors in the courtyard, and an additional set of the same on the east elevation of the north wing (accessed by brick steps with brick cheek walls) and on the north elevation, have been boarded up at the lower end with either metal sheets or wood plank; it is presumed these were converted into windows in an attempt to limit the number of entry points in and out of the building. All windows are wood double hung except for wood fi xed windows (with brick grilles), a blind window (with a brick grille) and aluminum sliders (door opening infi lled) at the north elevation, and a large arched, multi-paned, wood fi xed window at the west elevation. One window on the east elevation of the south wing has a spindled wood grille.

The cross-gabled roof is clad in clay tile and has circular louvered metal vents with raised stucco surrounds at the gable peaks; the vent at the north elevation also has a brick grille. An historic metal gutter runs along the eaves, and downspouts are located at several points. Vents to the basement exist at each elevation. A non-historic metal utility closet is attached to the north elevation.

Alterations Wood plank at the double doors on East elevation of south wing with spindled window grille on right the east elevation of the north wing

20 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT and on the north elevation; metal sheets at the four sets of double doors in the courtyard; metal railing along the sloped brick walkway that blocks usage of the historic stone steps at the east elevation of the south wing; door opening at the north elevation inﬁ lled with aluminum sliding windows and horizontal wood boards below; and, a non- historic metal utility closet at the north elevation.

Interior Description The interior of the Pines Cottage has vinyl composition ﬂ ooring, plaster and Courtyard with arcaded porch in rear wallpapered walls, and plaster and popcorn ceilings. Historic features include wood built-in shelves; paneled wood double doors; decorative metal heat vents; corbelled archways; and the wall tiles and ﬁ xtures (bathtub, sink and toilet) in the bathroom (the upper walls have non-historic wallpaper).

Character deﬁ ning features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, gabled roof  Clay tile roof cladding  Arcaded porch  Situation around a central courtyard  Wood double-hung windows  Partially-glazed doors, with divided lights  Elliptical arched entrance openings  Round vents in gable peaks  Historic wrought ironwork at steps  Wood and brick grilles at windows

Condition Building C appears to be in overall fair to good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Dry rot at wood rafter tails • Damaged wood doors and door sills • Deteriorated mortar joints at brick grills in window openings

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A4) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building C.

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Building D, Canary Cottage The Canary Cottage was constructed in 1920. In 1933 an addition was constructed adjoining its east façade.

Exterior Description The one-story Craftsman style (and Spanish Colonial Revival style south addition) Canary Cottage has an L-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a stone foundation. The original north wing has wood clapboard siding and the southern addition is clad in stucco. The north elevation has an entrance porch surrounded by a wood lattice screen that is arched at the entryway and has diamond- shaped openings at four locations; wood benches are built in at either side of the entryway. There is a recessed porch on the west elevation of the stucco addition that is accessed by scored concrete steps and stucco cheek walls. There are seven doors made of wood; six are fully glazed with divided lights and, of these, four have wood screen doors. The main entrance at the north elevation also has half-length four-over-one sidelights (with a metal sconce). The sixth is a Craftsman-style paneled door at the recessed porch that has a rectangular multi-pane light with an adjacent half- length wood sidelight. Windows on the original wood clapboard wing are wood and double hung except at the rear and the southern section of the west elevation where they are wood casements. On the stucco addition, there are paired eight-paned wood casements along the sun parlor and paired nine-over-one wood double hung windows elsewhere. There is a single double hung window along the east elevation as well.

The gabled and hipped roof on the original wood clapboard wing is clad in composition shingle and has wide, open eaves with exposed rafter tails; vergeboards are placed along the gable ends. A projecting north-south facing gable at the ridgeline has vergeboards and vertical wood boards at the peaks. The roof on the stucco addition is gabled on the north elevation and hipped on the south elevation; it is clad in composition shingles and sheets. At the northern gable peak there is an arched louvered metal vent. There are wood vents at the basement level and smaller wood vents under the eaves. A wood cellar door is located next to the recessed porch.

North elevation, with 1933 stucco addition on left

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Alterations The intersecting gable at the north elevation ridgeline is partially boarded up.

Interior Description The interior of the Canary Cottage has plaster walls. The original 1920 north wing appears to have few historic features remaining except for the bathroom and built- in shelves. It has non-historic wall-to-wall carpet ﬂ ooring and a kitchen with non-historic features. The 1933 south addition has a carpeted sunroom with plaster walls. Historic features of this room include wood window West elevation of stucco addition with recessed porch screens, metal curtain rods, and paneled wood closet doors with built-in shelves. The other room in the addition has wood ﬂ oors, plaster walls and a built-in Murphy bed.

Character deﬁ ning features  Low-pitched, cross-gabled roof  Wide overhanging eaves with exposed rafter tails  Rubble stone chimney  Combination wood clapboard and stucco cladding  Wood double hung windows, some with divided lights  Fully-glazed doors with divided lights  Partial-width porches

Condition Building D appears to be in overall fair condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Roof damage • Peeling paint at vergeboards • Dry rot and general wear at wood porch beams, posts and lattice at north façade • Superﬁ cial cracks in exterior stucco • Damage to exterior stucco from creeping vines

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A5) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building D.

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Building E, Little Hospital (Dorms) The Little Hospital building was constructed in 1929. It received an addition at its western façade in 1934.

Exterior Description The one-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Little Hospital (aka The Dorms) has an L-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. An entrance porch at the south elevation has a clay tile shed roof supported by a battered post-and- lintel frame; the fully-glazed, multi-pane wood door is accessed by brick steps (with decorative polychromatic tiles at the risers) that are fl anked by stucco cheek walls with brick coping. A folk wood sign with carved letters that read “The DORMS” hangs from the lintel and a metal and ceramic sconce sits above the doorway. Fully-glazed multi-pane wood double doors are located at the north elevation of the north-south facing wing, and the remaining two doors are wood paneled. All windows are wood, double hung (one has an arched upper sash), except for the large, arched wood fi xed window with the decorative polychromatic tile surround at the east elevation of the north-south facing wing and the small hopper wood window at the covered walkway. The tiles at the arched window are also used at the low, curving garden border directly below the window. The cross-gabled roof is clad in clay tile and connects to the roofl ine of the adjacent Annex building. Circular metal louvered vents exist at the gable peaks. A thru-wall air conditioning unit is on the south elevation.

Alterations A visible metal antenna at the roof; a thru-wall air-conditioning unit at the south elevation; the removal of a louvered metal vent to allow for a metal pipe at the west elevation.

Interior Description The interior of the Little Hospital (Dorms) is split-level and has vinyl composition tile ﬂ ooring and popcorn ceilings. The lower dorm has wallpapered walls. The upper dorm has plaster walls except at the arched upper wallpapered overhangs. Non-historic metal curtain rails for the hospital beds are still attached to the walls and ceilings in the lower dorm. A non-historic handicap- accessible ramp provides access between the two levels. Historic elements include paneled wood closet doors; a partially glazed door where the lower and upper dorms connect; tiles, toiletry and built-in shelves in the South elevation, with polychromatic tiles at step risers (center) bathrooms (the only apparent

24 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT alteration is the addition of a handicap-accessible bathtub); and window seats ﬂ anking the south entry of the upper dorm.

Character deﬁ ning features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, gabled roof  Clay tile roof cladding  Wood double-hung windows  Fully-glazed door with divided lights  Arched window openings, one with a glazed tile surround  Round vents in gable peaks  Partial-width porch with simple wood supports  Brick porch steps with glazed tile risers

Condition Building E appears to be in overall good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Water damage at ceiling of breezeway between buildings E and J • Interior deterioration, including water damage to wood ﬂ oor from improper water drainage away from building • Superﬁ cial cracks in exterior stucco • Damage to exterior stucco from creeping vines

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A6) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building E.

Rear (north) elevation; polychromatic tile arched window surround at right-center

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Building F, Coulter Cottage The Coulter Cottage was constructed in 1921. In 1930 it received an addition at its west façade. The porch at the north side of the building was enclosed in 1944. After this alteration, the exterior elevations appeared to have been stuccoed; an appraisal record from 1962 notes that the building has stucco cladding.

Exterior Description The one-story Craftsman style Coulter Cottage has an irregular plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete West elevation foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco; it is highly likely that the building was originally sided in wood clapboard, as that material is found at the enclosed north porch. Converted into a sun parlor, this feature has a rubble stone wall with wood casement windows, fully-glazed and multi-paned double doors, and a gabled roof clad in composition shingles. A partial-width gabled porch at the west elevation has tapered wood posts and a wood balustrade, and is accessed by scored concrete steps that are bordered by concrete cheek walls and wrought iron rails. A fully-glazed, multi-pane wood door at this location is ﬂ anked by grouped multi-pane wood casement windows. Hanging from the porch ceiling is a wood sign with carved letters that read “The COULTER”. The partial-width porch at the east elevation has a shed roof, wood posts, and wood balustrades; the concrete ﬂ ooring sits atop a stone foundation. There are also fully-glazed and multi-paned wood double doors with an oversized wood screen door. An outdoor closet space with a paneled wood door is located at this porch. An outdoor utility room with a shed roof at the east elevation is accessed by a solid wood door. In addition to casement windows, the cottage also has double hung, wood windows. The gabled roof is clad in composition shingle and has wide, open eaves and exposed rafter tails; at the south elevation the gable end is clipped. There are wood vents at the basement level and louvered metal vents under the eaves.

Alterations None visible.

Interior Description The interior of the Coulter Cottage has wall-to-wall carpet, plaster walls, and a popcorn ceiling. Historic elements include paneled wood room and closet doors; window seats in the westernmost room; built-in closets; and bathroom features such as the tile and bathtub (there is non-historic vinyl composition tile ﬂ ooring). The enclosed porch has concrete ﬂ ooring and wood clapboard siding with paired wood double hung windows, which were once exterior elements.

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Character deﬁ ning features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, cross-gabled roof  Partial-width porch with simple wood supports  Multi-paned wood casement windows  Fully-glazed door with multiple panes  Wood double-hung windows  Enclosed rear porch with rubble stone base

Condition Building F appears to be in overall fair condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Roof damage • Gutters in need of replacement • Cracks in concrete foundation • Deterioration at wood window sills • Peeling paint at wood vergeboards and fascia • Superﬁ cial cracks and peeling paint at exterior stucco • Mortar deterioration at stone porch wall • Door to water heater closet is in disrepair (east façade)

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A7) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building F.

Detail of enclosed sun parlor; wood clapboard visible behind casement window on left

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Building G, Oaks Cottage The Oaks Cottage was constructed in 1939.

Exterior Description The one-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Oaks Cottage has an L-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. At the south elevation of the courtyard there is a full-with arcaded porch that is accessed by a herringbone brick walkway with iron railings and stucco cheek walls and brick coping. A wood sign with carved letters reading “The OAKS” hangs from the archway. A metal sconce hangs above one of the windows. The shed roof porch has an open ceiling and exposed rafter tails; beyond the arcaded area is an open-air patio space with an iron railing and a metal pipe rail that appears to have once supported an awning (small remnants of fabric remain). The porch ﬂ oor, which has a brick border, is covered with green carpet; concrete is likely underneath. On the west elevation of the courtyard is a small 2-bay wide arcade that serves as an access point to the basement. Its shed roof has an open ceiling and exposed rafter tails, and the basement door is reached by walking through a wood picket gate and down carpet-covered steps that have metal pipe handrails. To the east of the gate is a vertical wood sign with painted letters reading “ACTIVITY ROOM”.

All the doors of the Oaks Cottage are fully-glazed and multi-pane with interior screen doors (metal or wood) except for the wood door at the arcaded porch that has metal mesh-covered openings; this door leads to the basement. The ﬁ rst-story door on the west elevation of the courtyard has an arched entrance and is accessed by a carpet-covered ramp that has iron railings. The door at the northern end of the west elevation (directly across from the Coulter Cottage) has concrete steps with iron railings. All the windows are four-over-four double hung wood windows. Two exceptions are the large arched multi-pane window with a raised stucco surround at the north elevation and a multi-pane wood casement window with yellow textured glass and a curved wrought iron window grille at the south elevation. At this elevation there are also two shed roof window hoods at the ﬁ rst story that are clad with clay tile and supported by wood knee braces.

The cross-hipped roof of the building is also clad in clay tile and has exposed rafter tails. Metal gutters run the length of the building under the eaves and several downspouts exist. Small vents covered with metal mesh are located Courtyard, south and west elevations; arcaded basement entry on right

28 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT along the basement level of the building; a small metal basement door with wood plank inﬁ ll is located on the east elevation. Stone and concrete retaining walls are located just north of the ramp entrance to the arcaded porch and in front of the 2-bay arcaded porch at the lower end of the courtyard; this wall also has an iron rail that is attached to the building.

Alterations The addition of the cloth awning and its metal pipe rail support at the courtyard porch; the green carpet at the courtyard porch, and the ramp and basement stairs at the courtyard’s west elevation; the treaded red runner at the porch ramp; the addition of the wood picket gate at the top of the basement stairs.

Interior Description The interior of the Oaks Cottage has vinyl composition tile ﬂ ooring, carpeted bedrooms, and plaster walls. In the living room there is a non-historic built-in wood cabinet and shelf unit and a non-historic hanging lamp. An L-shaped hallway leads from the living room to eight bedrooms. Historic elements include paneled wood doors; decorative metal grilles at various points in the walls relating to the heating system; and bathroom features that include wall and ﬂ oor tiles, and toiletry (the upper walls have non-historic wallpaper).

Character deﬁ ning features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, gabled roof  Clay tile roof cladding  Arcaded porch  Wood double-hung windows with divided lights  Arched entrance openings  Clay tile-clad hoods over some windows  Arched window opening  Fully-glazed doors with divided lights

Condition Building G appears to be in overall good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Gutters and downspouts in need of minor repair • Deterioration at wood window sills and frames • Damage to door at west façade

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A8) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building G.

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Building H, Willows Cottage The Willows Cottage was constructed in 1938.

Exterior Description The two-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Willows Cottage has an irregular plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. The full-width porch is supported by wood posts and has a turned post wood balustrade with brick steps and cheek walls at the main entrance and a concrete ramp at the side entrance (both have non-historic decorative iron railings). The porch also has scored concrete ﬂ ooring with a brick border and a wood sign with carved letters that reads “The WILLOWS” hanging from the main porch beam. Wood picket gates were installed at the top of the steps and at the southern end of the porch to create an enclosed space. All wood doors are fully-glazed and multi-paned; those on the west elevation are accessed by concrete steps (one has a metal pipe handrail). Except for the large multi-paned, arched, wood ﬁ xed window ornamented with raised stucco surrounds and a clay tile sloped sill with polychromatic tiles, all windows are four-over-four wood double hung. A metal balconette is located at the second story of the northernmost gable. The cross-gabled, multi-pitched roof is clad with composition shingle and has clay tile coping at the gable ends and exposed rafter tails at the eaves. Circular louvered metal vents appear at some gable peaks. To the north of the building is a concrete patio that is enclosed by a stucco wall with clay tile coping; there is a blind arch with a thru-wall Mission style arch. The patio is accessed by a wood gate.

East elevation

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Alterations The removal of the clay tile cladding on the roof (damaged in the 1971 earthquake); the removal of the turned wood balustrade at the north end of the porch and a low stone garden wall to allow for the addition of a non-historic concrete ramp and iron rails; the addition of non-historic iron rails and wood picket gates at the brick porch steps; the addition of the compatible turned wood balustrade to enclose the south end of the porch (balustrade possibly reused from the north end) and an adjacent wood post; the addition of the thru-wall air-conditioning unit at the porch and a non-historic metal sconce to the south of the door; the addition of a second-story non-historic metal balconette at the west elevation.

Interior Description The fi rst fl oor interior of the Willows Cottage has vinyl composition tile fl ooring and plaster and wallpapered walls. Historic elements include the paneled wood doors and Detail of large arched window (south elevation) built-in closets. The second fl oor interior has wall-to-wall carpet and plaster walls; the carpeted staircase has non-historic wood handrails. Historic elements include all the bathroom features (bathtub, sink, toilet, shelves, tiles); paneled wood doors; and the hallway built-in closet.

Character deﬁ ning features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, gabled roof with exposed rafter tails  Full-width porch with simple wood supports and wood rails  Wood double-hung windows with divided lights  Arched window opening, with glazed tile at the sill  Fully-glazed doors with divided lights  Stucco wall with clay tile coping around an enclosed patio  Round vents in gable peaks

Condition Building H appears to be in overall fair to good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Major damage to patio wall (east façade) • Minor deterioration at wood rafters • Cracks in concrete slab at north patio (from nearby tree roots) • Superﬁ cial cracks and peeling paint at exterior stucco • Wood windows stuck shut

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A9) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building H.

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Building I, Dining Hall The Dining Hall was constructed in 1934. It received a small addition adjoining its east façade in 1943.

Exterior Description The one-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Dining Hall has an irregular plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. Wood double doors at the south and east elevations are fully glazed and multi-paned; the south entry has a projecting stucco door surround with a hanging globe light, and the east entry has a wood picket gate and concrete steps with a roof overhang that is part of the adjacent covered walkway. Adjacent to the south entry is a door-size vent with concrete steps. The kitchen entrance on the west elevation is a wood paneled door that is partially glazed. An air-conditioning unit has been installed in the transom. Paired, multi-pane wood casement windows provide light to the dining area and the south entry (the window opening there is set within a recessed blind arch, which also has shaped wood brackets below the arch). Jalousie windows relate to interior service spaces; the grouped windows on the south elevation have a cloth awning overhead and a stucco utility box with clay tile coping below. The clay tile roof is cross gabled except at the 1943 southeast addition and the south entry where the roof is ﬂ at; the southeast addition also has clay tile coping. Circular louvered metal vents exist at the gable peaks. A vented utility unit on southern end of the roof is visible. A thru-wall air- conditioning unit has been installed on the east elevation to the south of the entry.

Alterations The addition of the cloth awning above the grouped jalousie windows at the south elevation; the addition of the vented utility unit on the roof that is visible from the walkway; the addition of the thru-wall air-conditioning unit at the east elevation and at the transom above the door at the west elevation.

Interior Description The interior of the Dining Hall has vinyl composition tile ﬂ ooring, wallpapered walls, and a popcorn ceiling that is coved. The entry hall at the southern portion of the building has plaster walls. The kitchen has new cabinetry, stainless steel appliances, and perforated metal panels at the ceiling. Historic elements include the tile ﬂ oor in the kitchen; paneled wood doors at the entry hall; and fully-glazed wood double doors between the hall and dining room.

Character deﬁ ning features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, gabled roof  Clay tile roof cladding  Wood casement windows with divided lights  Fully-glazed doors with divided lights

Condition Building I appears to be in overall fair to good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Large crack in exterior stucco at east façade (previously patched) • Superﬁ cial cracks and peeling paint at exterior stucco • Evidence of mold in kitchen area

32 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

• Water heater not in compliance

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A10) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building I.

South elevation, entry on right

East elevation, dining room entry doors at right (covered walkway in foreground)

33 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Building J, Annex Building (Elms Cottage) The Elms Cottage was constructed in 1929.

Exterior Description The one-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Annex Building has an L-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. The full-width arcaded porch has scored concrete fl ooring and a wood sign with incised letters that reads “The ELMS” hanging from the central arch. Here there are three wide and one standard size fully-glazed, multi- paned wood doors (three have wood screen doors). Concrete steps at the projecting south elevation leads to an arched wood door that is partially glazed and has a shaped arch entrance. Fully-glazed, multi-paned wood double doors provide access to a scored concrete patio (which is bordered by a concrete retaining wall and cast iron railings and covered by a fabric awning on a metal pipe rail frame) at the north elevation. A metal sconce hangs on the wall at the patio. At the covered walkway that is shared with the Little Hospital there is a paneled wood door and wood screen door. All windows are wood double hung except for the large arched wood fi xed window at the north elevation. The roof is clad in clay tile; the north-south wing is gabled and the east-west wing is hipped on one side and has a shed porch roof on the other side. There is a brick utility closet with a clay tile shed roof dating to 1955 at the north elevation; it has a wood door and louvered metal vents. Three metal and textured glass sconces appear at the courtyard elevations. A stucco retaining wall exists at the front of the courtyard; concrete steps (with stucco cheek walls) that lead to a tiled walkway with a sunbathing female fi gure sculpture form the main approach to the arcaded porch.

Alterations The addition of the cloth awning and the supporting metal pipe rail at the north elevation; the replacement of a multi-pane ﬁ xed wood window with a single pane wood window and the addition of a lower metal window guard at the north elevation; the addition of a makeshift concrete “ramp” at the doorway of the north elevation; a new rectangular opening at the arcaded porch (presumably for an air-conditioning unit); the addition of non-historic metal and textured glass sconces at the arcaded porch and the courtyard’s west elevation. Interior Description The interior of the Annex Building (Elms Cottage) has vinyl composition tile ﬂ ooring and popcorn Courtyard with sculpture of a sunbathing female fi gure ceiling. The living room

34 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT has plaster walls, an arched ceiling, a non-historic vertical wood board television center (as identifi ed on the fi re and disaster safety plan) and a non-historic ceiling fan. An L-shaped hallway connects eight bedrooms; one bedroom has wallpapered walls and the walls of the other bedrooms are partially covered in plaster and wallpaper. Historic elements include paneled wood doors to rooms and closets; segmental arch wood double doors that are multi-pane and fully glazed at the living room/hallway opening; built-in shelves in the Projecting south elevation with shaped arch entrance fi rst bedroom on the left from the living room; and some bathroom features.

Character Deﬁ ning Features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, gabled roof  Clay tile roof cladding  Arcaded porch with heavy stucco pier supports  Heavy wood beams at porch interior ceiling  Situation around a central courtyard  Wood double-hung windows  Partially-glazed doors, with divided lights  Elliptical arched entrance openings  Arched window opening  Covered walkway with arched opening

Condition Building J appears to be in overall fair to good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Rectangular, open hole in south exterior wall (appears to have been an opening for an A/C wall unit) • Deteriorated sash material at wood window (east façade) • Interior deterioration, including major cracking in ceiling and water damage to ﬂ oor materials • Downspout at west wall corner is not connected to gutter • Wood window in need of repair (east façade)

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A11) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building J.

35 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Building K, Garage/Laundry The original Garage building was likely constructed at the same time as the Rockhouse, c. 1923. It is believed that the garage was expanded to the north in 1930; the building permit indicates that this addition was converted to a laundry room in 1943.

Exterior Description The one-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Garage and Laundry has a rectangular plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco; the outdoor laundry space is enclosed by wood boards and wood lattice. Doors include the non-historic roll-up garage door at the south elevation, metal screen double doors at the north elevation, and a partially-glazed paneled wood door (with a metal screen door) accessed by concrete steps at the east elevation. The garage portion of the building South elevation has a single ﬁ xed wood window at the east elevation; the laundry portion has paired eight-paned steel casement windows at the north and east elevations, and jalousie and wood double hung windows at the west elevation. The outdoor laundry area has a sink and concrete ﬂ ooring. The gabled roof is clad in composition shingle with clay tile coping at the gable ends and exposed rafter tails at the eaves. Circular louvered metal vents are located at the gable peaks. Abutting the west elevation is a small, freestanding stucco structure with a clay tile overhang and non-historic chain-link gates.

Alterations The removal of the clay tile cladding on the roof (damaged in the 1971 earthquake); the non- historic garage door.

Interior Description The interior of the Garage and Laundry has concrete ﬂ ooring and plaster walls. It houses maintenance supplies.

Character Deﬁ ning Features  Stucco cladding  Low-pitched, gabled roof with exposed rafters  Wood casement windows  Partially glazed door

36 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Condition Building K appears to be in overall good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Peeling paint at exterior surfaces • Damage to wood at laundry enclosure • Steel casement windows in need of cleaning and recaulking • Discontinuous gutter (east façade)

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A12) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building K.

37 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Building L, Administration Building The Administration Building was constructed in 1971. It replaced the Rockhouse, which was demolished due to damage sustained during an earthquake.

Exterior Description The one-story late Spanish Colonial Revival style Administration Building has a U-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco. The full- width arcaded porch has concrete ﬂ ooring and steps with metal rails. The wood door has carved rosettes in the panels. Two sets of sliding metal doors are located at the recessed tiled patio of the north elevation, as is a single wood door. All windows are aluminum sliders. The gabled roof is clad in clay tile and has wide eaves with exposed rafter tails and exposed purlins. Metal and textured glass sconces are located at the south elevation along the main wall and the arcade.

Alterations Alterations were not noted for this building as it was constructed after the period of signiﬁ cance.

Interior Description The interior of the Administration Building is carpeted and features non-historic elements.

Character deﬁ ning features of this building were not assessed since it was constructed outside of the period of signiﬁ cance.

South elevation

38 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Building M, Rose Cottage The Rose Cottage was constructed in 1921.

Exterior Description The one-story Craftsman style Rose Cottage has an irregular plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations have wood clapboard siding. The partial-width carpeted porch is supported by wood columns and bordered by wood rails; a wood sign with carved letters reading, “the ROSE” hangs from the ceiling. It also has brick steps, stucco cheek walls with brick coping, and iron rails. At the West elevation, with view of resized aluminum slider window openings porch there is a fully-glazed, multi-paned wood door and a partially-glazed wood door (both have wood screen doors and wood surrounds). At the east elevation there is a wood door with a metal screen door that is accessed by concrete steps with metal pipe handrails; a ﬂ at door hood cantilevers above. A shed roof utility closet at the rear of the building has a wood paneled door. Most windows are aluminum sliders; the remaining are wood casements and jalousies at the north and east elevations. All the window openings with aluminum sliders appear to have been resized. The cross-gabled roof is clad in composition shingle and has vergeboards and exposed rafter tails at the open eaves. Louvered wood vents are located at the gable peaks. Metal mesh vents with wood surrounds are located at the basement level.

Alterations The aluminum slider replacement windows on all elevations; the window openings with aluminum sliders have been resized on all elevations; the replacement of historic window surrounds and sills with non-historic wood surrounds (no sills) where aluminum sliders are present; the carpet at the porch.

Interior Description The interior of the Rose Cottage has carpeted ﬂ ooring and plaster walls (except for the wallpaper in the rear north room on the walls and ceiling). With the exception of the non-historic closet door and rear entry door in the rear south room, all doors are historic paneled wood. The bathroom retains its historic features except for the sink vanity, the linoleum ﬂ oor, and the wallpaper above the historic tiles.

Character deﬁ ning features  Low-pitched, cross-gabled roof  Wide overhanging eaves with exposed rafter tails and vergeboards

39 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

 Wood clapboard siding  Wood casement windows  Partial-width porch

Condition Building M appears to be in overall fair to good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Damage to stairs at east entrance • Peeling paint at wood exterior surfaces • Interior deterioration, including a dry rot damage to wood ﬂ oors and a damage to wall surfaces • Exposed plywood sheathing at roof eaves (north façade) • Broken non-original windows

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A13) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building M.

40 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Building N, Food Storage The Food Storage building was constructed at an unknown date, but due to its design and materials it was likely constructed in the 1930s. It appears in a Rockhaven brochure from the mid-1950s.

Exterior Description The one-story Spanish Colonial Revival style Food Storage building has a rectangular plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are clad in stucco, although the west elevation is partially built into the brick perimeter wall. The North elevation, with brick wall abutting west elevation wood paneled door at the north elevation has metal mesh openings with a metal sheet hood at the top two panels. The south and east elevations have wood double hung windows; a wood shutter is partially attached to the east elevation window (the wood boards and metal hooks for the shutters are still attached to the wall). The gabled roof is covered with composition shingle and has exposed rafter tails at the eaves. Metal louvered vents are located at both gable peaks.

Alterations The removal of the wood shutters at the east elevation (one is partially attached).

Interior Description The interior of the Food Storage building was not assessed.

Character deﬁ ning features  Low-pitched gabled roof with exposed rafter tails  Stucco cladding  Vents in gable peaks  Wood double-hung windows

Condition Building N appears to be in overall fair condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Dry rot at exposed rafter tails • Roof damage • Damage to window shutters • Peeling paint at exterior stucco • Deterioration to exterior wall surfaces caused by creeping vines

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A14) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building N.

41 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Patio O Patio O is located directly to the north of the Pines Cottage and was constructed in 1955.

Description The colored concrete patio has a wood post and beam structure that supports corrugated plastic panels. Patio furniture under the structure remains.

Condition Patio O appears to be in overall fair to good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Damage (general wear) to corrugated plastic roof material • Damage to colored concrete under patio

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A15) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Patio O.

View southwest, with the north elevation of the Pines Cottage in background

42 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Building P, Acorn Cottage The Acorn Cottage was constructed in 1933. In 1940 it received a small addition adjoining its north façade.

Exterior Description The one-story Craftsman style Acorn Cottage has an L-shaped plan, wood frame construction, and a concrete foundation. All elevations are sided in wood clapboard. The south elevation has a non-historic wood paneled door at the historic wood surround opening. All windows are wood double hung with wood surrounds. There is a large multi-pane wood ﬁ xed window at the west elevation. The cross-gabled roof is clad in composition shingle and has exposed rafter tails; the east and north elevations have wood louvered vents at the gable peaks, and the west elevation has a wood lattice vent at the West elevation, with wood lattice screen on right gable peak. To the north of the west elevation is a wood, ﬂ at-arched trellis and to the south of this elevation is a full-height wood lattice screen with an arch opening that abuts a basket weave brick patio. The patio, bordered by concrete, runs the length of the south elevation, is slightly elevated from the walkway, and is enclosed by a non- historic metal fence.

Alterations The non-historic door at the south elevation; the non-historic rails at the patio.

Interior Description The interior of the Acorn Cottage has wall-to-wall carpet, plaster walls, and a coved plaster ceiling with a non-historic ceiling light ﬁ xture. Other than what appear to be historic shower tiles, the bathroom has non-historic features that include the sink vanity, toilet and wallpaper. Additional historic elements are the built-in closets and shelves as well as the paneled wood door to the bathroom.

Character Deﬁ ning Features  Low-pitched, cross-gabled roof  Wide overhanging eaves with exposed rafter tails  Wood clapboard siding  Wood double-hung windows  Vents in gable peak

Condition Building P appears to be in overall fair to good condition. Areas of damage or deterioration include: • Peeling paint at wood exterior surfaces

43 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

• Dry rot at exposed rafter tails • Dry rot at wood lattice at patio

Please see Appendix A (Sheet A16) for a more detailed description of conditions and treatment recommendations for Building P.

3.3 Landscape The landscape character of Rockhaven Sanitarium refl ects Agnes Richards’s belief in creating a homelike setting for the benefi t of the individual care of patients. Buildings are connected by landscaped pathways, intimate gardens, patios, courtyards and expansive perimeter gardens. Rockhaven received the Los Angeles Beautifi cation Award in 1966, which was determined by the overall landscaping, planting of trees, general effect on the surrounding area, and maintenance of the property. Agnes Richards and Ivan E. Cole (Landscape Artist and Gardener) developed the gardens over time with much care and attention to detail. We have defi ned the period of signifi cance of the Rockhaven landscape by the period in which the property was honored by the Beautifi cation Award.

A fully integrated landscape creates a distinct sense of place to the gardens at Rockhaven. The exterior spaces were defi ned by both formal and informal plantings, shade trees, ornamental pottery, and outdoor furniture. The entire site is unifi ed by a canopy of California Live Oak trees. These native trees, which would have pre-dated the buildings on site, provide shade that lend a sense of relaxation and tranquility to the Garden Areas. Any new plantings should incorporate California Live Oaks, where appropriate. The understory of plantings was a mixture of formal hedged parterre gardens, and informal plant massings, both intimate and small in scale. Restored plantings shall consist of Mediterranean and sub-tropical plants depicted in historic photos, and prevalent for nursery crops of the fi rst half of the twentieth century. California natives should also be used to bolster the local ecology. Many pots and planters are seen in the historical photos. These were planted with a variety of plants and added to the intimacy and individuality of the Garden Areas.

Rockhaven’s gardens were well furnished for outdoor comfort. Chairs and tables, seen in historic photos, would have been an integral part of all the garden spaces. By creating layers of plants, trees, and furnishings in the various Garden Areas, the sense of place at Rockhaven will be restored.

4. EVALUATION OF INTEGRITY

Integrity is the authenticity of a historical resource’s physical identity, evidenced by the survival of characteristics that existed during the resource’s period of signiﬁ cance. The integrity of the Rockhaven Sanitarium was evaluated using the seven aspects of integrity as deﬁ ned by the guidelines of the National Register of Historic Places. These seven aspects include location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. The following is an evaluation of the integrity of the Rockhaven property.

Location Location is the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic

44 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT event occurred. The Rockhaven Sanitarium remains in its original location and has not been moved from the site on which it was originally constructed. Therefore, its integrity with regard to this aspect has not been diminished.

Design Design is the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. As is evidenced by visual inspections and permit research, the individual buildings that comprise the Rockhaven Sanitarium remain largely unchanged since the culmination of its period of signifi cance (1923-1970). Several buildings on the site were existing single-family residences that Agnes Richards adapted for use at the sanitarium; these buildings were modifi ed somewhat by Richards when adapted but have not been signifi cantly altered since. One building, the Rockhouse, was demolished after it sustained damage in a 1971 earthquake; this building was replaced in 1972 by the current Administration building. This later building is relatively congruous in style, design and scale with the other sanitarium buildings and therefore does not detract signifi cantly from the overall integrity of design of the site.

Further, Rockhaven has a rich landscape with numerous outdoor sitting areas, patios, meandering walkways, trees and plantings. This landscape was the product of careful deliberation on the behalf of Richards and the landscape designers and caretakers enlisted to its maintenance and design over the years, who felt strongly that the sanitarium’s residents should have places to rest out-of- doors. Although numerous moveable objects have been removed (and in many cases, retained) and individual plantings have at times been replaced (as is the nature of a living landscape), the overall design of the property has not changed. Therefore, the site’s integrity with regard to design is good.

Setting Setting is the physical environment of a historic property, constituting topographic features, vegetation, man-made features, and relationships between buildings or open space. Rockhaven sits on a three-and-a-half acre property, which slopes gently northward. Historic photographs from the 1920s show that the general area was sparsely developed, with widely-situated single- family residences, groves and copious open space. Without a doubt, Richards chose the site for Rockhaven based in part on its quiet location away from the city. The area began to change signiﬁ cantly in the years following World War II, with annexation to the City of Glendale in 1952 and widespread residential construction. Today, Rockhaven is surrounded on all sides by low- and medium-density residential buildings, with nearby commercial corridors of Honolulu Avenue and La Crescenta Avenue. However, this change in setting occurred during the period of signiﬁ cance of the property and therefore does not detract from its overall integrity.

Materials Materials are the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or conﬁ guration to form a historic property. The ﬁ fteen buildings that comprise the Rockhaven property are all wood frame, with either wood clapboard or stucco cladding. Brick and concrete make up the meandering walkways, and rubble stone was used in some of the older buildings. Two of the cottages that were extant on the property at the time of acquisition by Richards appear to have been stuccoed at a later date, likely by Richards in an attempt to relate them to the newer Spanish Colonial Revival-style buildings on the property. This

45 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

modiﬁ cation occurred during the period of signiﬁ cance and therefore the property’s integrity with regard to materials is high.

Workmanship Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture, people, or artisan during any given period in history or prehistory. The buildings on the Rockhaven property were either extant at the time of acquisition and adapted for use, or constructed at the behest of Agnes Richards. The latter buildings were constructed by a Peter Prescott & Sons, a local builder. The Administration building, which was constructed after Richards’s death in 1972, was constructed by Prescott Brothers, which was likely the successor to Peter Prescott & Sons. The names of designers of the landscape could not be found; early documentation refers to the fact that the grounds were laid out by “expert landscape directors.”25 Groundskeeper Ivan Cole was in charge of the landscape between 1963 and 1997; today’s landscape undoubtedly reﬂ ects the care and artistry he provided over his 34-year tenure. Because the buildings and landscape have not been modiﬁ ed, evidence of the original workmanship is apparent in the property today. Therefore, its integrity with regard to workmanship is high.

Feeling Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or historical sense of a particular period of time. Due to the exceptional original design quality (with regard to both buildings and landscape), Spanish Colonial Revival style detailing, architectural integrity, and intact setting, the property retains its original feeling, which contributes to its overall integrity.

Association Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person and an historic property. Rockhaven Sanitarium is signiﬁ cant as illustrative of mental and physical health facilities in the Crescenta Valley in the early decades of the twentieth century. Although no longer used as a sanitarium, the property is strongly associated with this pattern of development due to its intact integrity. Its association contributes to the property’s overall integrity.

In summary, Rockhaven Sanitarium retains nearly all aspects of integrity, including location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. Therefore, it retains high overall integrity.

5. CONDITIONS ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

For the purposes of this project, ARG completed a visual analysis of all ﬁ fteen buildings on the Rockhaven property. The intention of this analysis was to document existing conditions, identify deterioration, locate possible sources of deterioration, and make recommendations regarding the immediate and long-term repair and maintenance needs of each building.

Overall, the ﬁ fteen buildings on the Rockhaven property range in condition from poor to good. All will require an inspection of gas, electrical and mechanical systems, which appear to generally be substandard and in need of upgrades. Common areas of deterioration include roofs, nearly all

25 Rockhaven pamphlet, date unknown, likely mid-1950s (separate from Rest at Rockhaven)

46 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

Landscaping near the Annex (Elms Cottage), c. 1960s (Courtesy of HSCV) of which will require attention due to deteriorated roof cladding and leakage; rafter tails, fascias and vergeboards, many of which suffer from dry rot and peeling paint; and exterior wall cladding materials, which generally have superﬁ cial cracking and minor deterioration. All buildings should be inspected for the existence of mold and the need for mold remediation.

Additionally, several of the buildings on the site suffer from poor drainage and water damage. In these cases, site drainage should be directed away from the buildings to protect against further damage. Issues of accessibility and ADA compliance will need to be addressed in all buildings.

Please see Appendix A for building-speciﬁ c documentation and treatment recommendations. Also in Appendix A (Sheet A17) is a repair schedule that itemizes treatment recommendations in order of priority.

6. SUMMARY OF LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Landscape Summary With the help of historic material and photographs, ARG and Korn Randolph have conceptually divided the Rockhaven Sanitarium property into a collection of deﬁ nable “Garden Areas” (see Appendix B, L1.00 Landscape Site Plan). The site plan shows the boundaries and relationships of

47 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

these gardens. Appendix B, L1.01 Landscape Analysis evaluates the condition of the gardens, past and present usages, accessibility and adjacencies.

A thoughtful approach to the restoration of the landscape of Rockhaven Sanitarium will restore its sense of place and history, reviving its healing nature with a garden setting to be enjoyed by the community. Landscape recommendations respect and honor the past with insight for present and future uses allowing for enjoyment and education for future generations, thus passing on the goodwill and insight of Agnes Richards.

6.2 Conceptual Planting Plans Historic photos show integration between plantings and structures with formally clipped hedges, ﬂ owering trees, shrubs, and vines under a site-wide canopy of Coast Live Oaks. Conceptual planting plans have been developed for each Garden Area illustrated in Appendix B, L1.00 Landscape Site Plan.

Each garden has a plant palette based on historic photos within the period of signiﬁ cance and a conceptual plan showing locations of suggested material (see Appendix B, L2.01-L2.21). The conceptual planting plans have historic photos of the Garden Area along with current site photos to show the changes that have occurred over time. Areas of the Rockhaven property that were less used by patients, staff and visitors were not always represented in the historic photographs and materials. We have developed plant palettes for these areas based on the character and species found in other gardens.

The “Honolulu Garden” today (see Appendix, B L1.00 Landscape Site Plan for location) has a different character than that of the garden historically adjacent to the Rockhouse, which was demolished in 1971 due to earthquake damage. The current Administration Building was constructed on the former location of the Rockhouse in 1972; this building and its adjacent landscape have a different look than that of the Rockhouse. Appendix B, L2.02 shows the Conceptual Planting Plan which is based on photos circa 1970, prior to the Rockhouse’s demolition. We have included photos of the historic Rockhouse garden for reference. The garden design reintroduces historic plant material and some formality, present in both garden photos.

The “Main Patio” (see Appendix B, L1.00 Landscape Site Plan for location) is an example of a garden much changed from its original character. The material documents a semi-formal lawn and garden with clipped hedges and two large Queen Palms framing the space. Today, this area is a paved patio with tables and umbrellas. It is one of the larger social gathering areas, and we feel it should remain as such. The Planting Plan (Appendix B, L-2.05) uses the historic material as a reference to incorporate appropriate species to complete the space.

“Oak Park” consists of two large vacant lots: one at the northwest corner outside of Building A (Nurses Home), and a partitioned lot southwest of the “Entry Court” (see Appendix B, L1.00 Landscape Site Plan for locations). These lots were not historically associated with the Rockhaven property and therefore a conceptual planting plan based on historic photographs has not been developed. However, we believe that these open spaces have potential to be developed into a park- like setting. Until the use of these vacant lots has been determined, the current focus should be to restore the Oak woodland, creating a peaceful quiet place with a semblance of the natural landscape

48 ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT that existed prior to development. The Oak Park plant palette has a foundation of native Yarrow and a seed mix with other native accents. This landscape is reminiscent of the historic allure to the Crescenta Valley as a setting for restoring health while appreciating the natural environment (see Appendix B, L2.21).

Planting plans have new species additions sensitive to the historic palette. All lawn areas are speciﬁ ed as Buffalo Grass to reduce water consumption. Garden Areas without historic material references have been designed with respect to the historic palette with the incorporation of new cultivars and native species.

6.3 Exterior Objects A number of decorative urns and statuary were historically present throughout the Garden Areas. Ample seating in and around the gardens allowed residents and guests to enjoy the landscape and the mild Southern California climate. Appendix B, L3.01 Exterior Object Plan shows the historic locations of these elements and current locations if on site. Appendix B, L3.02 Exterior Objects Assessment provides recommendations on urn plantings and current ornament condition and evaluation. These elements provide focal points and character deﬁ ning traits within each of the Garden Areas.

7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STABILIZATION, SECURITY MEASURES AND FURTHER STUDY

7.1 Summary As a result of this site, building and landscape study, ARG and Korn Randolph have determined that the Rockhaven property is generally not safe for immediate widespread visitation by the public. We do feel that monitored visitation on a very limited scale (such as small, guided tours) might be an interim solution that would enable the community to visit the property while steps are taken to make it accessible on a wider scale. For instance, all of the Garden Areas have several nuances to their hardscape elements and pathways. Most of these areas need improvement for circulation safety, including upgrades to meet ADA requirements. A site survey conducted by a licensed land surveyor will better note all hardscape conditions including those needing repair. Appendix B, L1.02 Hardscape Conditions Assessment begins to identify several types of site-wide potential hazards; however, this analysis is limited to site observations. We recommend a more critical analysis which can be obtained by a licensed land surveyor.

7.2 Visitor Access Plan ARG and Korn Randolph have developed a Visitor Access Plan (Appendix B, L1.03), which outlines an area for visitors to enjoy without having to wait for site-wide rehabilitation. By cordoning off a limited portion of the property, the City of Glendale can focus on repair and accessibility issues in a small area for immediate public access. As such, visitors can experience the core of the sanitarium and enjoy several garden spaces that embody much of Rockhaven’s character while measures are taken to make the rest of the property accessible to the public. The Visitor Access Plan includes suggested methods to enclose the outlined area from the rest of the site while being sensitive to historic materials and spaces.

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As an expansion of the Hardscape Conditions Assessment, a Visitor Circulation Assessment Plan has been developed for this area (Appendix B, L1.04) to identify most potential hazards with some suggestion of improvement methods. We recommend that a Civil Engineer provide services to document paved areas and also suggest improvement methods.

7.3 Recommendations for Further Study Based on the ﬁ ndings of this study, the following is a list of recommended “next steps” for the City to consider as they make decisions about the care and treatment of the property. They have been itemized in order of ﬁ rst and second priority:

First Priority • Complete a site survey of the Rockhaven property. A survey conducted by a registered land surveyor will provide the City of Glendale with information necessary for the completion of all future improvements to the site. Information included in a site survey includes the exact locations of property boundaries, all built features, utilities (water, sewage, gas, etc.) and areas of circulation and egress. It provides an exact understanding of grade and topography, which is essential in facilitating appropriate site drainage as well as ADA access to the property.

• With the completed survey, ﬂ ag all damage to walkways, landscape and hardscape elements, the perimeter fence, etc. as a means of identifying speciﬁ c areas in need of repair or replacement before access can be permitted.

• All areas proposed for public access need to be evaluated for ADA accessibility, which can be accomplished by an ADA specialist.

• Complete a full structural analysis of all ﬁ fteen buildings on the property, which will include the inspection of foundations, roofs, etc.

• Conducted a full MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing) analysis of all ﬁ fteen buildings on the property.

• Mold inspection and, if necessary, abatement.

Second Priority • Develop a master plan for the future use of the property.

• Draft a maintenance plan that will guide future repair and maintenance with sensitivity to the historic character of the buildings.

• Seek landmark designation for the property, at either the local (City of Glendale), state (California Register of Historical Resources) or national (National Register of Historic Places) level. Incentives for designation include the ability to utilize the State Historic Building Code for future improvements, among others.

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8. CONCLUSION

In summary, this report has focused on provided building and landscape conditions and treatment recommendations for the Rockhaven property, including a statement of signifi cance; identifi cation of a period of signifi cance; site, building and landscape descriptions; an integrity evaluation; a landscape analysis and conceptual planting plan; and recommendations for security measures, stabilization, and future study.

Upon completion of our study, we have concluded that the former sanitarium property, with its Craftsman and Spanish Colonial Revival-style buildings and lush landscape, is a rare survivor of an institutional typology that, while once abundant in the Crescenta Valley, no longer exists in the area. It is also notable for its association with Agnes Richards and her commitment to providing the best possible care to women suffering from mental illness in a setting that is at once comforting, homelike and beautiful.

Although the property does not currently appear to be safe for immediate widespread visitation by the public, ARG and Korn Randolph have developed an interim Visitor Access Plan, which will allow for access to a limited portion of the Rockhaven property while measures are taken to make the entire property accessible to the public. We have also identiﬁ ed ﬁ rst and second priority measures that should be taken in order to further the goal of making the entire site publicly accessible. Our analysis was based on visual inspection only, and therefore a full site survey, structural and MEP analyses should be conducted before a property treatment plan is implemented. However, it is our intent that the information provided in this report will assist the City as it takes the important next steps toward preserving and maintaining the Rockhaven property.

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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Glimpse into Rockhaven. Dir. Ana Tabuena. 2008.

Arroyo, Juliet M. Images of America: Early Glendale. San Francisco: Arcadia Publishing, 2005.

City of Glendale. Department of Public Works. Ofﬁ ce of Building & Safety. Rockhaven ﬁ le.

Cole, Ivan. Interview by Mike Lawler. 30 January 2008.

Crescenta Valley Historical Society. Various historic photographs and articles.

Department of Commerce—Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States. 1930.

“Friends Mourn Passing of Mrs. Agnes Richards.” source unknown. 1967: 52a.

“Glendale Personalities.” source unknown. n.d. (pre-World War II): 18a.

Haddix-Niemiec, Denise. “Glendale Sanitarium Housed the Famous.” Glendale Daily News. 9 March 1989: n. pag.

Lawler, Mike and Robert Newcombe. Images of America: La Crescenta. San Francisco: Arcadia Publishing, 2005.

Los Angeles Public Library Photo Collection. Various historic photographs.

No title. Crescenta Valley Ledger. 1937: n. pag.

“Oppose Additional Health Institutions.” Los Angeles Times. 6 January 1929: D8.

Rest at Rockhaven for the Mind and Body. Pamphlet. n.p.: c. 1955.

“Rockhaven Brings Fame to Valley and Verdugo City.” Crescenta Valley Ledger. 16 August 1951.

Rockhaven Sanitarium. Pamphlet. n.p.: c. 1955.

“Rockhaven Sanitarium: Celebrating 75 Years of Distinguished Service.” Glendale News-Press. 16 December 1998.

San Scribes. Rockhaven newsletter. Various issues. 1990s.

Traviss N.H.A., Patricia. “The Early Years.” San Scribes. 1998.

Traviss, Patricia. Interview by Mike Lawler. 12 April 2008.

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10. APPENDICES

ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

APPENDIX A Conditions Assessment and Treatment Recommendations

ROCKHAVEN SANITARIUM Historic Resource and Conditions Assessment - DRAFT

APPENDIX B Landscape, Hardscape and Visitor Access Plan