DOCSLIB.ORG

MAPPING RESEARCH in GENDER and DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY Spuy Anri Van Der, Aavriti Namita ; ;

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MAPPING RESEARCH in GENDER and DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY Spuy Anri Van Der, Aavriti Namita ; ; MAPPING RESEARCH IN GENDER AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY Spuy Anri van der, Aavriti Namita ; ; © 2018, ASSOCIATION FOR PROGRESSIVE COMMUNICATIONS This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly credited. Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), qui permet l’utilisation, la distribution et la reproduction sans restriction, pourvu que le mérite de la création originale soit adéquatement reconnu. IDRC Grant/ Subvention du CRDI: 108435-001-Mapping gender and the information society MAPPING RESEARCH IN GENDER AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY December 2017 Association for Progressive Communications WOMEN’S RIGHTS PROGRAMME This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. Authors Main editor Anri van der Spuy Namita Aavriti Namita Aavriti Copy editing and proofreading Additional inputs Lori Nordstrom (APC) Chenai Chair Nitya V Dafne Sabanes Plou Kaitlyn Wauthier Publication production Radhika Gajjala Cathy Chen (APC) Smita Vanniyar Yara Sallam Visuals Cathy Chen (APC) Additional contributions to the Elena Pavan GenderIT.org edition: Mapping gaps in research in gender and information society Graphic design Carmen Alcazar Monocromo Ghadeer Ahmed Kerieva McCormick Mapping research in gender and digital technology Koliwe Majama Published by APC Maria Florencia Alcaraz 2017 Neo Musangi Smita Patil Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 license Peer reviewers ISBN: 978-92-95102-98-9 Jac sm Kee APC Serial: APC-201712-APC-R-EN-DIGITAL-288 Katerina Fialova Ruhiya Seward Reviewers at Expert Group Meeting Anonymous (Middle East North Africa) Becky Faith Bruna Zanolli Caitlin Bentley Catalina Alzate Chenai Chair Elena Pavan Horacio F. Sívori Jennifer Radloff Jinnie Chae Kalyani Menon-Sen Mariana Giorgetti Valente Matthew Smith Patricia Peña Ruth Nyambura Kilonzo Safa Khan Tigist Shewarega Hussen This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of IDRC or its Board of Governors. International Development Research Centre Centre de recherches pour le développement international Standards for use of the IDRC logo and Canada wordmark October 2014 This research is part of the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) project “Mapping gender and digital technology”, funded by the International Development Research Centre. Between January 2017 and November 2017, APC carried out a mapping study of the research in gender and digital technology taking place in or concerning middle and low-income countries in the last decade (2006-2017). The study focuses on information and communications technologies and the internet in particular but broadly encompasses digital technology and its impact on gender. This publication is the fnal output of that research project. The objective is to map knowledge production in the feld of gender and digital technology and support gender inclusion in the IDRC Networked Economies programme. To read more on this subject and the project, please visit www.GenderIT.org. Corollary material in the form of an edition of articles mapping gaps in research in gender and digital technology is published online at www.genderit.org/node/5003/ OUTLINE OF MAPPING STUDY Introduction, limitations and methods: Mapping research in gender and digital technology Anri van der Spuy, Namita Aavriti Mapping trends and issues: literature review Anri van der Spuy Mapping challenges, gaps, priorities and emerging areas: interviews with key actors Namita Aavriti Conclusion: Summary of research recommendations from literature review and interviews Namita Aavriti Appendices Chenai Chair Kaitlyn Wauthier Katerina Fialova Radhika Gajjala Smita Vanniyar TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 7 INTRODUCTION, METHOD AND LIMITATIONS 10 INTRODUCTION 11 CONTEXT OF MAPPING STUDY 11 METHODS AND LIMITATIONS 17 Methodology of literature review 18 Methodology of the interviews 18 Methodology of expert group meeting: 21 Limitations of the mapping study 22 STRUCTURE OF MAPPING STUDY (THEMES) 23 MAPPING TRENDS AND ISSUES: LITERATURE REVIEW 26 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 27 ACCESS 28 What is meant by “access”? 28 How are barriers to access perceived in the literature? 29 A summary of three barriers to access and related research needs 31 Lack of public data available on access 33 Summary of research recommendations 4 ECONOMY AND LABOUR 35 Gendered labour 35 Women in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) 37 Summary of research recommendations 37 EMBODIMENT 38 Online violence 38 EXPRESSION AS A CROSS-CUTTING THEME 42 Privacy, data governance and surveillance 43 Summary of research recommendations 46 MOVEMENTS, WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION AND DECISION MAKING 47 Movements and campaigns online 47 Participation in policy reform and policy making 48 Summary of research recommendations 49 MAPPING CHALLENGES, GAPS, PRIORITIES AND EMERGING AREAS: INTERVIEWS WITH KEY ACTORS 54 INTRODUCTION 55 ACCESS 55 Meaningful and substantial access 56 Barriers to access 58 Cultural and social barriers 60 Availability of sex- or gender-disaggregated data 61 Education 61 Disability and access 62 Summary of research recommendations from interviews 63 ECONOMY AND LABOUR 64 Gendered labour and empowerment 64 Gendered labour in technology spaces 66 Free/libre and open source software movements and gender 68 Work cultures in technology spaces 69 Summary of research recommendations from interviews 70 EMBODIMENT 70 Online gender-based violence 71 Datafcation and the body 79 EXPRESSION AS A CROSS-CUTTING THEME 82 Summary of research recommendations based on interviews 87 MOVEMENT BUILDING 87 Resistance 88 Movements, security and the role of ICTs 91 Summary of research recommendations based on interviews 93 RESEARCH NETWORKS 93 Models of research networks 94 Location: Academia or civil society 94 Gender analysis and feminism 95 Informality, funding, participation: Limitations within research networks 96 CONCLUSION 98 APPENDICES 107 APPENDIX 1: RESEARCH ACTORS RELEVANT TO GENDER AND ICTs 107 APPENDIX 2: SCOPING SURVEY ON MAPPING GENDER IN ICTs 134 APPENDIX 3: INTERVIEW GUIDELINES BASED ON THEMATIC AREAS 136 APPENDIX 4: PARTICIPANTS IN EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON GENDER AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 138 APPENDIX 5: RESEARCH NETWORK PROFILES 139 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS A4AI Alliance for Affordable Internet APC Association for Progressive Communications APC WNSP Association for Progressive Communications Women’s Networking Support Programme APC WRP Association for Progressive Communications Women’s Rights Programme Apps Applications Broadband Commission United Nations Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women DDoS Distributed Denial of Service DDoW Distributed Denial of Women EROTICS Exploratory Research on Sexuality and the Internet ESCR Economic, social and cultural rights Fintech Financial technology i.e. computer programs and other technology used to support or enable banking and fnancial services FLOSS Free/libre and open source software GBV Gender-based violence GEM Gender evaluation methodology ICT Information and communications technology ICT4D Information and communications technology for development IDRC International Development Research Centre IDS Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton IGF BPF Internet Governance Forum Best Practice Forum IGO Intergovernmental organisation Isis Isis International ITU International Telecommunication Union LDC Least developed country LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex people MENA Middle East and North Africa MOOC Massive open online course NCII Non-consensual sharing of intimate images NGO Non-governmental organisation SDGs Sustainable Development Goals (UN) SR Special Rapporteur STEM Science, technology, engineering and mathematics UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDESA United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientifc and Cultural Organization UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNHRC United Nations Human Rights Council USAF Universal Service and Access Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development VAW Violence against women WSIS World Summit on the Information Society Mapping research in gender and digital technology 7 Mapping research in gender and digital technology 9 Introduction, method and limitations INTRODUCTION This study maps research and knowledge production in the feld of gender and digital technology, with the intention of bringing to the surface trends, gaps, emerging areas and critical questions in the feld. The Women’s Rights Programme in the Association for Progressive Communication (APC WRP) places itself within the trajectory of the women’s movement and of engaging with and within the movement on issues of digital technology and information and communications technologies (ICTs). In particular APC WRP has worked intensely to drive more attention, advocacy and policy reform towards online gender-based violence, but has sought to expand both towards a wider framing of the various issues involved through formulations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DOING, UNDOING, OR REDOING GENDER? Learning from the Workplace Experiences of Transpeople Author(S): CATHERINE CONNELL Source: Gender and Society, Vol
    DOING, UNDOING, OR REDOING GENDER? Learning from the Workplace Experiences of Transpeople Author(s): CATHERINE CONNELL Source: Gender and Society, Vol. 24, No. 1 (February 2010), pp. 31-55 Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20676845 Accessed: 24-03-2017 14:48 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20676845?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Sage Publications, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Gender and Society This content downloaded from 136.167.3.36 on Fri, 24 Mar 2017 14:48:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms DOING, UNDOING, OR REDOING GENDER? Learning from the Workplace Experiences of Transpeople CATHERINE CONNELL University of Texas at Austin Drawing from the perspectives of transgender individuals, this article offers an empirical investigation of recent critiques of West and Zimmerman's "doing gender" theory. This analysis uses 19 in-depth interviews with transpeople about their negotiation and manage ment of gendered interactions at work to explore how their experiences potentially contrib ute to the doing, undoing, or redoing of gender in the workplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Analysis of Conflict Toolkit: Introduction Gender Analysis of Conflict Toolkit: Introduction 3
    TOOLKIT Gender analysis of conflict SAFERWORLD PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES SAFERWORLD PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES SAFERWORLD PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES SAFERWORLD PREVENTING VIOLENT CONFLICT. BUILDING SAFER LIVES 1 CONTENTS Introduction Introduction 1 Key things to remember This toolkit is aimed at: n helping peacebuilding practitioners to integrate gender perspectives into conflict analysis processes Understanding the process n building understandings of the relationships between gender and conflict, 2 particularly how gender norms influence conflict dynamics, and vice versa n providing the foundation for designing gender-sensitive peacebuilding programmes that are based on thorough gender analysis of conflict Gender norms and behaviours Over the past two decades, there has been increasing recognition that 3 to understand the nature of conflict and design effective peacebuilding responses, it is necessary to think about gender. The different roles and behaviours of women, men and sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) affect the way that conflicts play out, as well as the impacts they have on people’s Gender analysis of conflict 4 lives. Expectations relating to gender influence the roles that people play in efforts to build peace, and peacebuilding activities can also influence gender roles and behaviours. There are many resources available which explain how to analyse gender Where to next? 5 issues, and plenty for analysing conflict.1 However, conflict analysis tools typically lack a strong gender lens and gender analysis tools tend to lack a strong conflict lens. This toolkit aims to help fill that gap.2 Topic guides 1. Land There are many different ways in which the links between gender and 6 conflict can be analysed.
    [Show full text]
  • Neo4j.Rb Documentation Release 10.0.1
    Neo4j.rb Documentation Release 10.0.1 Chris Grigg, Brian Underwood Aug 01, 2020 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Terminology...............................................3 1.1.1 Neo4j..............................................3 1.1.2 ActiveGraph...........................................3 1.2 Code Examples..............................................4 1.2.1 Node..............................................4 1.3 Setup...................................................4 2 Setup 5 2.1 Ruby on Rails..............................................5 2.1.1 Generating a new app......................................5 2.1.2 Adding the gem to an existing project.............................6 2.1.3 Rails configuration.......................................6 2.2 Any Ruby Project............................................7 2.2.1 Driver Instance.........................................7 2.3 What if I’m integrating with a pre-existing Neo4j database?......................8 2.4 Heroku..................................................8 3 Upgrade Guide 9 3.1 How to upgrade to activegraph?..................................9 3.1.1 Transaction API......................................... 10 3.1.2 Exceptions........................................... 10 4 Rake Tasks 11 5 Node 13 5.1 Properties................................................. 13 5.1.1 Labels.............................................. 14 5.1.2 Indexes and Constraints..................................... 14 5.1.3 Labels.............................................. 14 5.1.4 Serialization..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1: an INTRODUCTION to GENDER Sex and Gender
    1 From Eckert, Penelope and McConnell- Ginet, Sally. (To appear). Language and Gender. Second Edition. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO GENDER We are surrounded by gender lore from the time we are very small. It is ever-present in conversation, humor, and conflict, and it is called upon to explain everything from driving styles to food preferences. Gender is embedded so thoroughly in our institutions, our actions, our beliefs, and our desires, that it appears to us to be completely natural. The world swarms with ideas about gender – and these ideas are so commonplace that we take it for granted that they are true, accepting common adage as scientific fact. As scholars and researchers, though, it is our job to look beyond what appears to be common sense to find not simply what truth might be behind it, but how it came to be common sense. It is precisely because gender seems natural, and beliefs about gender seem to be obvious truths, that we need to step back and examine gender from a new perspective. Doing this requires that we suspend what we are used to and what feels comfortable, and question some of our most fundamental beliefs. This is not easy, for gender is so central to our understanding of ourselves and of the world that it is difficult to pull back and examine it from new perspectives.1 But it is precisely the fact that gender seems self-evident that makes the study of gender interesting. It brings the challenge to uncover the process of construction that creates what we have so long thought of as natural and inexorable – to study gender not as given, but as an accomplishment; not simply as cause, but as effect; and not just as individual, but as social.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Doing Gender': an Analysis of Empirical Research and Its Challenges
    Towards a topology of ‘doing gender’: An analysis of empirical research and its challenges Abstract ‘Doing gender’ is a much used term in research on gender, work and organizations. However translating theoretical insight into empirical research is often a challenging endeavour. A lack of clarity in regards to the conceptionalisation and operationalization of key terms in turn often limits the theoretical and empirical purchase of a concept. The aim of this article is therefore to provide a systematisation of empirical approaches to ‘doing gender’. This systematisation leads to a topology of five themes that is derived from empirical research in the field. The five themes identified are structures, hierarchies, identity, flexibility and context specificity, and gradual relevance/subversion. Each theme explores a different facet of ‘doing gender’. This topology helps empirical researchers to be more specific about which aspects of ‘doing gender’ they are referring to. This in turn can help to unfold the theoretical potential of the concept of ‘doing gender’. Introduction ‘Doing gender’ is now a widely used concept for theorizing and researching gender in organizational studies. By looking at ‘doing gender’ the focus shifts away from treating men and women as self-evident categories in academic research towards seeing gender as a social practice. Going way back to West & Zimmerman’s seminal article published in 1987, their “original idea has taken on a life of its own” (West & Zimmerman, 2009, p. 113), also in research on gender, work and organization. Besides the early ethnomethodological take on ‘doing gender’, more recent studies have started to elaborate on Butler’s notion of performativity and theorize gender as something that is ‘said and done’ (Martin, 2003), a situated social practice (Butler, 1990; 1993; 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Gender on a College Campus Jeff Lockhart FCRH '13 Fordham University, [email protected]
    Masthead Logo The Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 4 January 2014 Gendered Classrooms and Gendered Attire: Doing Gender on a College Campus Jeff Lockhart FCRH '13 Fordham University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://fordham.bepress.com/furj Part of the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Lockhart, Jeff CF RH '13 (2014) "Gendered Classrooms and Gendered Attire: Doing Gender on a College Campus," The Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://fordham.bepress.com/furj/vol2/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalResearch@Fordham. It has been accepted for inclusion in The orF dham Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized editor of DigitalResearch@Fordham. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FURJ | Volume 2 | Spring 2012 www.furj.org Lockhart: Gendered Classrooms and Gendered Attire FURJ | Volume 2 | Spring 2012 Research access to this iconographic tradition during his military career, of both Soror, otherwise portrayed as an orgiast, and Neoboule, Jeff Lockhart, FCRH ’13 and finds occasion to use it only after having cast Neoboule as a whose character wavers between positive and negative. Soror’s lascivious orgiast, as he does in fragments 30W-48W. Preserving manipulation in this instance, as demonstrated above, enhances the character of Neoboule as virtuous and beautiful would have the abusive force of the epode against Neoboule and Lycambes Gendered Classrooms and Gendered Attire precluded such an inclusion and thus limited his art. and satisfies yet another sympotic goal, the vilification and bit- ter rebuke of one’s enemies.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Health Report 2019
    Mozilla Foundation Internet Health Report 2019 Established in 2003, guided by the Mozilla Manifesto, the Mozilla Foundation believes the Internet is a global public resource that must remain open and accessible to all. The Mozilla Foundation is a not-for-profit organization that exists to support and collectively lead the open source Mozilla project. It views its work as part of a global movement for a digital environment that aims at putting people in charge of their own data and that makes the internet a more democratic place by mobilizing a critical mass of consciouus internet users. Mozilla Foundation Internet Health Report 2019 Many researchers, fellows, writers and allies of Mozilla generously contributed data and ideas alongside countless readers who participated. The report was edited by Solana Larsen. Kasia Odrozek is the project manager. Jairus Khan is the outreach coordinator. Stefan Baack is the data and research analyst. Eeva Moore is the editorial as- sistant. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Na- tionalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (BY) license, which means that the text may be be remixed, transformed and built upon and be copied and redistributed in any medium or format even commercially, provided credit is given to the author. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons license terms for re-use do not apply to any content (such as graphs, figures, photos, excerpts, etc.) not original to the Open Access publication and further permission may be required from the rights holder.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Chapter 29 Performativity and Performance Moya Lloyd Loughborough University Abstract This Article Explores the Concepts of P
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Loughborough University Institutional Repository Chapter 29 Performativity and performance Moya Lloyd Loughborough University Abstract This article explores the concepts of performativity and performance in feminist theory. It begins by examining the idea of gender performativity in the work of Judith Butler, tracing its development from her earliest writings through to Gender Trouble and Bodies that Matter, and showing how Butler’s initial argument draws from phenomenology, and from performance studies (where acts are understood in theatrical terms). This is followed by a discussion of gender understood ethnomethodologically as a type of routine performance or form of “doing”. The second half of the article focuses on linguistic theories of performativity, derived from J. L. Austin and Jacques Derrida, and how they have been used by feminists such as Catharine MacKinnon, Rae Langton, and Judith Butler to illustrate pornography and hate-speech. After a discussion of the performativity of pornography, the focus turns to citationality, resignification, and “talking-back”. Keywords: gender performativity, linguistic performativity, gender as “doing”, gender performance, ethnomethodology, theatrical acts, pornography, hate-speech, “talking-back”. In 1990 a book was published that changed feminist theory profoundly. The book was Gender Trouble and its author was Judith Butler. The transformations it wrought on feminist understandings of the relationship between sex and gender centered on the effect of one of its central concepts. The concept in question was performativity, or, more accurately, gender performativity, for performativity has a history that predates and exceeds the work of Butler. 1 It originates initially in speech act theory; specifically, in the work of English philosopher, J.
    [Show full text]
  • What Happened to Peer Production?
    The Tyranny of Openness: What Happened to Peer Production? Nathan Schneider University of Colorado Boulder Feminist Media Studies (2021) https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2021.1890183 This paper examines a “culture war” underway among software peer-production communities through relevant blog posts, legal documents, forum discussions, and other sources. Software licens- ing has been a defining strategy for peer producers, and much of the conflict at hand revolves around whether licensing should more fully incorporate ethics and economics, respectively. Femi- nist analysis can aid in tracing the contours of discontent through its emphasis on social processes that enable and infuse productive activity—processes that peer producers have trained themselves to ignore. The emerging critiques, and the experiments they have inspired, gesture toward fuller understandings of what “free” and “open” might mean. keywords: feminist theory, peer production, commons, free software, open source, software licensing, intellectual property The author is grateful for feedback on earlier drafts from Michel Bauwens, Heather Meeker, Matthew S. Wilson, and extraordinary anonymous reviewers. According to a brief trend piece in Wired (Cohen 2018), people in Silicon Valley have been reading “The Tyranny of Structurelessness.” The classic essay’s author, Jo Freeman, challenged her fellow feminist activists to notice how their insistence on allegedly leaderless, open forms of organization were “becoming a goddess in its own right” (Freeman 1972). In the absence of explicit
    [Show full text]
  • Gender & Society 2009; 23; 112 DOI: 10.1177/0891243208326529
    Gender & Society http://gas.sagepub.com Accounting for Doing Gender Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman Gender & Society 2009; 23; 112 DOI: 10.1177/0891243208326529 The online version of this article can be found at: http://gas.sagepub.com Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Sociologists for Women in Society Additional services and information for Gender & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://gas.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://gas.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations http://gas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/23/1/112 Downloaded from http://gas.sagepub.com by stefan vater on October 29, 2009 ACCOUNTING FOR DOING GENDER CANDACE WEST University of California–Santa Cruz DON H. ZIMMERMAN University of California–Santa Barbara e’re delighted to have “Doing Gender” and its sequelae as the subjects Wof this symposium. The serious readings of our work by Professors Connell, Jones, Kitzinger, Messerschmidt, Risman, Smith, and Vidal-Ortiz do us honor, and we welcome the chance to address them. We use our response to reflect on, clarify, admit, and expand on what we said originally and what we have said since. As important as the path taken, however, is the theoretical path ahead, and we will comment on that as well. REFLECTION What Raewyn Connell calls our “classic and beautifully constructed paper” (thank you!) was actually written considerably earlier than it was pub- lished. The initial ideas for “Doing Gender” came in 1975 and 1976, while we were trying to reconcile findings on the use of interruption in conversa- tions between women and men (Zimmerman and West 1975; West and Zimmerman 1977) with prevailing formulations of sex role theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Organized Crime
    UNIVERSITY MODULE SERIES MODULE 15 GENDER AND ORGANIZED CRIME UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME EDUCATION FOR JUSTICE UNIVERSITY MODULE SERIES Organized Crime Module 15 GENDER AND ORGANIZED CRIME UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2019 This Module is a resource for lecturers. Developed under the Education for Justice (E4J) initiative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), a component of the Global Programme for the Implementation of the Doha Declaration, this Module forms part of the E4J University Module Series on Organized Crime and is accompanied by a Teaching Guide. The full range of E4J materials includes university modules on integrity and ethics, crime prevention and criminal justice, anti-corruption, trafficking in persons / smuggling of migrants, firearms, cybercrime, wildlife, forest and fisheries crime, counter-terrorism as well as organized crime. All the modules in the E4J University Module Series provide suggestions for in-class exercises, student assessments, slides and other teaching tools that lecturers can adapt to their contexts, and integrate into existing university courses and programmes. The Module provides an outline for a three-hour class, but can be used for shorter or longer sessions. All E4J university modules engage with existing academic research and debates, and may contain information, opinions and statements from a variety of sources, including press reports and independent experts. Terms and conditions of use of the Module can be found on the E4J website. © United Nations, April 2019. All rights reserved, worldwide. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • DOING GENDER, DOING HETERONORMATIVITY: "Gender
    DOING GENDER, DOING HETERONORMATIVITY: "Gender Normals," Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality Author(s): KRISTEN SCHILT and LAUREL WESTBROOK Source: Gender and Society, Vol. 23, No. 4, Heteronormativity and Sexualities (August 2009), pp. 440-464 Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20676798 Accessed: 31-03-2015 02:06 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20676798?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Sage Publications, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Gender and Society. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.95.71.159 on Tue, 31 Mar 2015 02:06:56 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions DOING GENDER, DOING HETERONORMATIVITY "Gender Normals," Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance ofHeterosexuality KRISTEN SCHILT University of Chicago LAUREL WESTBROOK Grand Valley State University This article brings together two case studies that examine how nontransgender people, "gender normals," interact with transgender people to highlight the connections between doing gender and heteronormativity.
    [Show full text]