A Short Review of Studies on Cynodonts
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Reptile-Like Physiology in Early Jurassic Stem-Mammals
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785360; this version posted October 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title: Reptile-like physiology in Early Jurassic stem-mammals Authors: Elis Newham1*, Pamela G. Gill2,3*, Philippa Brewer3, Michael J. Benton2, Vincent Fernandez4,5, Neil J. Gostling6, David Haberthür7, Jukka Jernvall8, Tuomas Kankanpää9, Aki 5 Kallonen10, Charles Navarro2, Alexandra Pacureanu5, Berit Zeller-Plumhoff11, Kelly Richards12, Kate Robson-Brown13, Philipp Schneider14, Heikki Suhonen10, Paul Tafforeau5, Katherine Williams14, & Ian J. Corfe8*. Affiliations: 10 1School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 3Earth Science Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. 4Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. 5European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France. 15 6School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 7Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 8Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 9Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 10Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 20 11Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material-und Küstenforschung GmbH Germany. 12Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785360; this version posted October 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 13Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 14Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. -
JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS
Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra. -
Ischigualasto Formation. the Second Is a Sile- Diversity Or Abundance, but This Result Was Based on Only 19 of Saurid, Ignotosaurus Fragilis (Fig
This article was downloaded by: [University of Chicago Library] On: 10 October 2013, At: 10:52 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation Ricardo N. Martínez a , Cecilia Apaldetti a b , Oscar A. Alcober a , Carina E. Colombi a b , Paul C. Sereno c , Eliana Fernandez a b , Paula Santi Malnis a b , Gustavo A. Correa a b & Diego Abelin a a Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan , España 400 (norte), San Juan , Argentina , CP5400 b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Buenos Aires , Argentina c Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology , University of Chicago , 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago , Illinois , 60637 , U.S.A. Published online: 08 Oct 2013. To cite this article: Ricardo N. Martínez , Cecilia Apaldetti , Oscar A. Alcober , Carina E. Colombi , Paul C. Sereno , Eliana Fernandez , Paula Santi Malnis , Gustavo A. Correa & Diego Abelin (2012) Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32:sup1, 10-30, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.818546 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.818546 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. -
First Palaeohistological Inference of Resting
First palaeohistological inference of resting metabolic rate in an extinct synapsid, Moghreberia nmachouensis (Therapsida: Anomodontia) Chloe Olivier, Alexandra Houssaye, Nour-Eddine Jalil, Jorge Cubo To cite this version: Chloe Olivier, Alexandra Houssaye, Nour-Eddine Jalil, Jorge Cubo. First palaeohistological inference of resting metabolic rate in an extinct synapsid, Moghreberia nmachouensis (Therapsida: Anomodon- tia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Linnean Society of London, 2017, 121 (2), pp.409-419. 10.1093/biolinnean/blw044. hal-01625105 HAL Id: hal-01625105 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01625105 Submitted on 27 Oct 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. First palaeohistological inference of resting metabolic rate in extinct synapsid, Moghreberia nmachouensis (Therapsida: Anomodontia) CHLOE OLIVIER1,2, ALEXANDRA HOUSSAYE3, NOUR-EDDINE JALIL2 and JORGE CUBO1* 1 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7193, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), 4 place Jussieu, BC 19, 75005, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités -CR2P -MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris6. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 57 rue Cuvier, CP38. F-75005, Paris, France 3Département Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179, CNRS/Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 55, Paris, 75005, France *Corresponding author. -
O Esqueleto Pós-Craniano De Exaeretodon Riograndensis Abdala Et Al
Rev. bras. paleontol. 10(2):79-94, Maio/Agosto 2007 © 2007 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia O ESQUELETO PÓS-CRANIANO DE EXAERETODON RIOGRANDENSIS ABDALA ET AL. (CYNODONTIA, TRAVERSODONTIDAE), TRIÁSSICO DO BRASIL TÉO VEIGA DE OLIVEIRA, CESAR LEANDRO SCHULTZ & MARINA BENTO SOARES Instituto de Geociências, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] RESUMO – Pela primeira vez, elementos pós-cranianos de Exaeretodon riograndensis, um cinodonte traversodontídeo da Cenozona de Rhynchosauria da Formação Santa Maria, Neotriássico do sul do Brasil, são descritos e comparados com E. frenguellii e outros cinodontes não-mamalianos. O material inclui parte da coluna vertebral, radio, ulna e elementos da cintura pélvica. As diferenças mais significativas em relação a E. frenguellii estão na morfologia e nas dimensões do arco neural do atlas, na presença de intercentros em vértebras cervicais posteriores ao áxis e na ausência da dilatação do ápice do espinho neural das vértebras truncais. A morfologia da região sacral da coluna, do rádio, da ulna e da cintura pélvica são concordantes com o observado em E. frenguellii. A comparação com outros táxons de cinodontes não-mamalianos permite a observação da nítida evolução em mosaico do esqueleto pós-craniano destes animais: E. riograndensis mostra alguns caracteres similares a outros Cynognathia (grupo ao qual pertence), enquanto outros são mais próximos aos observados em alguns Probainognathia (incluindo mamíferos), como a natureza mais avançada do complexo atlas-áxis. Palavras-chave: Triássico, Brasil, Formação Santa Maria, Traversodontidae, Exaeretodon riograndensis, pós-crânio. ABSTRACT – THE POSTCRANIAL SKELETON OF EXAERETODON RIOGRANDENSIS ABDALA ET AL. -
Micheli Stefanello
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS E EXATAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE ANIMAL Micheli Stefanello DESCRIÇÃO E FILOGENIA DE UM NOVO ESPÉCIME DE CINODONTE PROBAINOGNÁTIO DO TRIÁSSICO SUL-BRASILEIRO Santa Maria, RS 2018 Micheli Stefanello DESCRIÇÃO E FILOGENIA DE UM NOVO ESPÉCIME DE CINODONTE PROBAINOGNÁTIO DO TRIÁSSICO SUL-BRASILEIRO Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Área de Concentração em Sistemática e Biologia Evolutiva, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas – Área Biodiversidade Animal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Dias da Silva Santa Maria, RS 2018 Micheli Stefanello DESCRIÇÃO E FILOGENIA DE UM NOVO ESPÉCIME DE CINODONTE PROBAINOGNÁTIO DO TRIÁSSICO SUL-BRASILEIRO Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Área de Concentração em Sistemática e Biologia Evolutiva, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas – Área Biodiversidade Animal. Aprovada em 28 de fevereiro de 2018: Santa Maria, RS 2018 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador, Dr. Sérgio Dias da Silva, pela orientação, por todo o tempo despendido ao longo desse mestrado e por possibilitar meu aprimoramento na área a qual tenho apreço. Aos colegas do Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (CAPPA/UFSM) e do Laboratório de Paleobiodiversidade Triássica, dessa mesma instituição, pela convivência e por terem ajudado-me de diferentes formas ao longo do mestrado. Em especial, ao colega Rodrigo Temp Müller, pela coleta do espécime (objeto de estudo dessa dissertação), por toda a ajuda com o TNT e com as figuras, e por auxiliar-me de inúmeras formas. -
Mammalian Origins Major Groups of Synapsida
Mammalogy 4764 9/16/2009 Chapter 4 “Reptile” Mammalian Origins Early mammal Carnivore Amniota Herbivore Feldhamer Table 4.1 Savage and Long 1986 Major Fig. 3.2, Vaughn, Fig. 4.1, Feldhamer groups Mammalian Origins of Dimetrodon Overview Synapsida Synapsids Pelycosaurs and Therapsids First Mammals Mesozoic Era appear Feldhamer Fig. 4.2 Cenozoic Era radiate Savage and Long 1986 Pelycosaur Skull, jaw musculature, and teeth Cynodontia -- Advanced, predaceous therapsids Pelycosaur Scymnognathus Cynognathus Therapsid Early Cynodont Derived Therapsid/Mammal Primitive Late Cynodont Fig. 3.2, Vaughn Thrinaxodon Fig 4.3 & 4, Feldhamer 1 Mammalogy 4764 9/16/2009 Skeletal transition Extinction of Cynodonts Possibly competition from dinosaurs Pelycosaur Early Cynodonts were dog-size, last surviving were squirrel sized Fig. 4.15 Mammals that survived while Cynodonts went extinct (contemporary) were mouse-sized. Cynodont Thrinaxodon Modern Mammal Fig. 3.5, Vaughn Fig. 4.16c, Early Cynodont Early mammals Changes in land masses Feldhamer 4.11 200 - 250 million years ago Derived characters: Dentary/squamosal jaw articulation Diphyodont dentition 200 MYA 180 MYA Mammary glands Secondary palate Early Mid- Viviparity (loss of eggshell) When? Jurassic Jurassic 65 MYA 135 MYA Early Early Cretaceous Cenozoic Feldhamer 4.5, 4.9 Skull and teeth of mammals 2 Mammalogy 4764 9/16/2009 Teeth and Dentition of Mammals Teeth Heterodont teeth with different functions Differentiated on the basis of function, resulting in increased One of the major keys efficiency acquiring and digesting food. to success of mammals Teeth occur in 3 bones of skull: Teeth of mammals are premaxilla, maxilla, dentary extremely variable with different diets -- more than other taxa Feldhamer et al. -
Width Measured at the Level of Anterior Squamosal/Parietal Suture
Fig. 5. (A) Scaling of brain vault size (width measured at the level of anterior squamosal/parietal suture) relative to skull size (measured at the distance between the left versus right temporomandibular joints). This shows that allometry of small size of Hadrocodium, by itself, is not sufficient to account for its very large braincase. Had-rocodium's brain vault is larger (wider) than expected for the crown-group mammals with similar skull width from the allometrical regression. By contrast, all contemporaneous mammaliaforms (triangles: Sinoconodon, Morganucodon, and Haldanodon) with the postdentary trough and meckelian groove have smaller (narrower) brain vaults than those living mammal taxa (and Hadrocodium) of comparable skull size. The brain vault is narrower in nonmammaliaform cynodonts (squares: Chaliminia, Massetoganthus, Probelesodon, Probainognathus, and Yunnanodon) than in mammaliaform stem taxa and much narrower than expected for crown group mammals of similar size. The allometric equation (natural logarithmic scale) for the brain vault width (Y) to the skull width at the level of TMJ (X) for species in the mammalian crown groups (circles: 37 living and 8 fossil species): Y =0.98X -0.31 (R2 – 0.715). Data from cynodonts, mammaliaforms, and Hadrocodium are added second arily for comparison with the regression of extant and fossil species of mammalian crown group. (B) Estimated body-size distributions of mammaliaform insectivores in the Early Jurassic Lufeng fauna [following method of Gingerich (50)]. The estimated 2-g body mass of Hadrocodium is in strong contrast to its contemporary mammaliaforms of the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, such as Sinconodon (from ~13 to ~517 g, based on skull length from 22 to 62 mm) and Morganucodon (from 27 to 89 g, based on skull length from 27 to 38 mm). -
Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna. -
Um Novo E Peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo Para O Triássico Médio Do Rio Grande Do Sul E Suas Implicações Para a Paleoecologia De
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS Um Novo e Peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo para o Triássico Médio do Rio Grande do Sul e suas Implicações para a Paleoecologia de Cynodontia Míriam Reichel Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cesar Leandro Schultz Co-Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Marina Bento Soares Comissão Examinadora: Prof. Dr. José Fernando Bonaparte Prof. Dr. Mario Cozzuol Profª. Drª. Cristina Vega Dias Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Reichel, Miriam Um novo e peculiar Cinodonte Traversodontídeo para triássico médio do Rio Grande do Sul e suas implicações para a Paleoecologia de Cynodontia. / Miriam Reichel. - Porto Alegre : UFRGS, 2006. [145 f.] il. Dissertação (Mestrado). - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências. Porto Alegre, RS - BR, 2006. 1. Paleoecologia. 2. Cynodontia. 3. Traversodontidae. 4. Triássico Médio. 5. Formação Santa Maria. 6. Rio Grande do Sul. I. Título. _____________________________ Catalogação na Publicação Biblioteca Geociências - UFRGS Renata Cristina Grun CRB 10/1113 AGRADECIMENTOS • Ao professor Dr. José Fernando Bonaparte, pelos ensinamentos a respeito dos cinodontes, por estimular este trabalho, contribuindo com importantes comentários, e pela grande dedicação à paleontologia e àqueles que por ela se interessam. • Ao professor Dr. Cesar Leandro Schultz, por orientar este trabalho, por sempre tornar o ambiente de trabalho agradável, pelos conselhos e pela amizade. • À professora Dra. Marina Bento Soares, por me trazer para o mundo dos cinodontes, pela paciência e didática de fundamental importância para este trabalho, pelo carinho e pela amizade. • Às colegas Paula C. -
Femur of a Morganucodontid Mammal from the Middle Jurassic of Central Russia
Femur of a morganucodontid mammal from the Middle Jurassic of Central Russia PETR P. GAMBARYAN and ALEXANDER 0.AVERIANOV Gambaryan, P.P. & Averianov, A.O. 2001. Femur of a morganucodontid mammal from the Middle Jurassic of Central Russia. -Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 46,1,99-112. We describe a nearly complete mammalian femur from the Middle Jurassic (upper Bathonian) from Peski quarry, situated some 100 km south east of Moscow, central Rus- sia. It is similar to the femora of Morganucodontidae in having a globular femoral head, separated from the greater trochanter and reflected dorsally, fovea capitis present, both trochanters triangular and located on the same plane, distal end flat, mediolaterally expanded, and somewhat bent ventrally, and in the shape and proportions of distal condyles. It is referred to as Morganucodontidae gen. et sp. indet. It is the first representa- tive of this group of mammals in Eastern Europe from the third Mesozoic mammal local- ity discovered in Russia. Exquisite preservation of the bone surface allowed us to recon- struct partial hind limb musculature. We reconstruct m. iliopsoas as inserting on the ridge, which starts at the lesser trochanter and extends along the medial femoral margin for more than half of the femur length. On this basis we conclude that the mode of loco- motion of the Peski morganucodontid was similar to that of modern echidnas. During the propulsive phase the femur did not retract and the step elongation was provided by pronation of the femur. Key words : Mammalia, Morganucodontidae, femur, anatomy, locomotion, Jurassic, Russia. Petr P. Gambaryan [[email protected]] and Alexander 0. -
A Non-Mammaliaform Cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a Therapsid Lazarus Taxon?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE A non-mammaliaform cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a therapsid Lazarus taxon? Fernando Abdala1*, Ross Damiani2, Adam Yates1 & Johann Neveling3 1Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 South Africa 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191, Stuttgart, Germany 3Council for Geoscience, Private Bag X112, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Received 20 January 2006. Accepted 10 January 2007 The tetrapod record of the ‘Stormberg Group’, including the Lower Elliot Formation, in the South African Karoo is widely dominated by archosaurian reptiles, contrasting with the therapsid dominion of the subjacent Beaufort Group. The only therapsids represented by skeletal remains in the Upper Triassic Lower Elliot Formation are the large traversodontid cynodont Scalenodontoides macrodontes and the recently described tritheledontid cynodont Elliotherium kersteni. Here we present a fragmentary lower jaw that provides evidence of a third type of cynodont for the Upper Triassic of South Africa. The fossil is tentatively assigned to the Diademodontidae. The latter representative of this family is known from the Late Anisian, and its tentative record in the Norian Lower Elliot Formation, if confirmed, will represent a case of Lazarus taxon. Thus, Diademodontidae apparently disappeared from the fossil record by the end of the Anisian and then reappeared in the Norian of South Africa, a stratigraphic interval of some 21 million years. This new cynodont record, together with the recently described Tritheledontidae, show that cynodonts are now the second most diverse tetrapod group in the Lower Elliot fauna.