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Sobre Vicente Salvador Gómez Y Alonso Cano: Nuevos Documentos Y Fuentes Formales

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Sobre Vicente Salvador Gómez Y Alonso Cano: Nuevos Documentos Y Fuentes Formales SOBRE VICENTE SALVADOR GÓMEZ Y ALONSO CANO: NUEVOS DOCUMENTOS Y FUENTES FORMALES BENITO NAVARRETE PRIETO Universidad de Valencia A mis alumnos de H.° del Arte Hispánico ASTA la fecha bien poco se sabía sobre la biogra- Ignacio, que el pintor realizó para la Casa Profesa de H fía del pintor valenciano Vicente Salvador Gómez Valencia, a la temprana edad de 14 años, constatando (1637-1678) (Fig. 1) a excepción de lo transmitido por felizmente lo que Orellana apuntaba y señalando ade- Ponz, Orellana, Ceán Bermúdez í y Sanchis Sivera, 2 más el empleo por parte de Vicente Salvador de la se- quien indica que en 1676 renueva el retrato de Honti- rie de estampas de la Vida de San Ignacio que se abrie- veros de la Catedral de Valencia y hace la inscripción ron en Amberes en 1610. del Arzobispo Cameros. Un primer contacto con los archivos valencianos Su obra fue perfilada en 1980 por Pérez Sánchez 3 en nos ha proporcionado la ocasión de hallar seis documen- un artículo pionero que ponía las bases fundamentales tos que transmiten noticias de gran importancia, no solo para entender su arte y daba a conocer una serie de para la biografía del artista, sino también para la confi- obras que enriquecían su catálogo y reconstruían una guración de su estilo y el conocimiento de sus modelos personalidad singular del XVII valenciano de la que formales, ya que en uno de los documentos hallados se bien poco se sabía hasta esa fecha. En este artículo el menciona la compra de las estampas, modelos y dibujos citado autor lamentaba la inexistencia de noticias de que pertenecieron a Alonso Cano y que éste depositó en carácter biográfico, señalando que solo una apurada la hospedería de la Cartuja de Portaceli, en Valencia. búsqueda en los archivos habría de desvelar los docu- Por el primer documento sabemos que el 21 de mar- mentos que reconstruyeran su personalidad. zo de 1669 6 Eufrasia Ponz y de Querol, viuda, arrienda Con ocasión de la exposición de Dibujos valencia- a Vicente Salvador, pintor, una casa en la Parroquia de nos del siglo XVII" se ha vuelto a plantear la carencia San Andrés, concretamente en el "Vico" (callejón) de de documentación y se han dado a conocer nuevas Les Barques. En este lugar suponemos residiría nuestro obras, lienzos y dibujos, que presentan a Vicente Sal- artista al menos hasta 1677, pues el alquiler se fijaba en vador como un artista de gran importancia y sobre todo principio por ocho años. de gran calidad por cuanto se desprende especialmente El mismo día 7 comparece el pintor ante el notario de sus diseños. Francisco Sebil, diciendo que tras haber interrogado al Recientemente su obra se ha visto incrementada con archivero Simó López, de la Iglesia Parroquial de San siete lienzos, gracias a las investigaciones del Profesor Martín de Valencia, comprueba que en el libro de bau- García Mahíques quien en su interesante estudio da a tizados del año de 1637 que comienza en dicho año y conocer un ciclo pictórico dedicado a la vida de San acaba en el año 1650, aparece lo siguiente: A. Ponz, Viaje de España, Ed. Aguilar, Madrid, 1947, pp. 350 y 416. M. A. de Orellana, Biografía pictórica valentina, Ed. Ayuntamiento de Valencia, 1967, pp. 268-272. Primera biografia del artista y relación de las obras que en el XVIII se conservaban en Valencia. J. A. Ceán Ber- múdez, Diccionario, Madrid, 1800, T. IV, pp. 315-318. Recoge las noticias de Orellana. La fecha de muerte del pintor la debo a la gentileza de María José López Azorín, a quien agradezco desde aquí el desprendido gesto. J. Sanchis y Sivera, La Catedral de Valencia, Valencia, 1909, p. 542. Debo esta indicación a la cortesía del Dr. Femando Benito, a quien agradezco su puntualización. 3 A. E. Pérez Sánchez, "Vicente Salvador Gómez. A propósito de una obra adquirida por el Prado" en Boletín del Museo del Prado, 2, 1980, pp. 69-78. Véase posteriormente Benito F. Doménech, Historia del Arte Valenciano, Valencia, 1989, T. 4, pp. 160-161. También A. E. Pérez Sánchez, Pintura Barroca en España 1600-1750, Madrid, Cátedra, 1992, pp. 390-391. ° A. Espinós Díaz, Dibujos valencianos del siglo XVII, Catálogo Exposición, Museo San Pío V, Valencia, 1994, pp. 158-187. R. García Mahíques, "Vicente Salvador Gómez y la Iconografía en la Casa Profesa de Valencia" en Boletín del Museo e Instituto Camón Aznar, LXIII, 1996, pp. 57-78. Archivo del Reino de Valencia, Notario Francisco Sebil, año 1669, Protocolo n. 4517, folio 51r-52r. Agradezco al Profesor Mateu Rodrigo su ayuda en la lectura de la presente documentación. Ibidem, Folio 52v.-53r. Ars Longa, 6, 1995, pp. 135-140 135 136 BENITO NAVARRETE PRIETO Fig. 1. Vicente Salvador Gómez, Auto- rretrato en el regreso milagroso de unas naves, Valencia, Santo Domingo. El primero de Mayo de 1637 yo Monte Vicario No sabemos el objeto por el que nuestro artista de- bauticé a Pedro Vicente Juan Bautista hijo de Pedro clara ante notario su partida de bautismo, pero pensa- Salvador pintor y de Elena Gómez conyuges. Compa- mos que pueda estar relacionado con el arrendamiento dres Damia Archangel Navarro y Madalena Avellá. anterior o con el casamiento del artista, pues el 8 de fe- brero de 1672 12 Vicente Salvador y Gómez, pintor, y El presente documento nos da la fecha de bautizo de Serafina Agramunt, doncella de Valencia, cuyos padres Vicente Salvador Gómez el 1 de mayo de 1637 en la habían fallecido, anuncian su matrimonio. La dote de Iglesia de San Martín. Esta noticia es importante pues el Serafina se encarga de aportarla José Salazar, quien al archivo de San Martín se quemó en la Guerra Civil. El parecer está a cargo de la doncella y la dota con tres- año de bautizo del artista, 1637, concuerda además con cientas libras. Entre el dinero que aporta Vicente Sal- el que se deduce de su propia afirmación en su Cartilla vador Gómez al matrimonio se anotan 70 libras en y Fundamentales reglas de Pintura, donde dice tener 37 lana, ropa y seda, además de joyas de oro y plata. Te- años en 1674. Aunque no coincide el lugar de bautizo nía Vicente Salvador la edad de 35 años. con el que señala Orellana, la Parroquia de San Juan, es El tres de marzo del año siguiente 1673 13 declaraba significativo anotar que el erudito valenciano mencione Vicente Salvador Gómez que se obligaba de pagar al que realizó el lienzo titular y principal del altar mayor Reverendo Padre Prior de los Monjes del Convento y de la Parroquial de San Martín con el asunto de San Monasterio de la Virgen María de Portaceli 50 libras Martín partiendo la capa con un pobre.' Este lienzo, por el precio y valor de "Tots los modelos, papers, es- fue mencionado todavía por Tormo en la guía Levante,9 tampes et debuxos de diferents personajes y sancts cai- destruido en la guerra, pero asegura la vinculación del Don Alonso Cano pintor de la pintor con la que fue su parroquia de bautismo. xes y bauls del quondam Magestad del Rey Phelip Quart tot los qual limbiá lo Con respecto a sus padres ya Pérez Sánchez ID señaló dit Don Alonso Cano de la ciutat de Granada a la casa la posible relación de nuestro artista con un Pedro Sal- vador que en 1645 pinta en Bocairente las puertas del hospici de la Cartuxa que esta situada en la presente ciudad de Valencia...". altar mayor. 11 Ahora el documento presente nos asegu- ra que ese artista es, con seguridad, el padre de Vicente Se especifica además el pago aplazado. Por el testa- sabíamos que éste dejó en Salvador. mento de Alonso Cano 14 M. A. Orellana, opus cit., 1967, p. 268. E. Tormo, Levante, Valencia, 1923, p. 115. 10 A. E. Pérez Sánchez, art. cit., 1980, p. 70. " Alcahalí, Diccionario biográfico de artistas valencianos, Valencia, 1897, p. 296. Posteriormente Tormo alude al retablo de Bocairente mencionando a Pedro Salvador como autor de la Inmaculada 1645 y la Visitación en el retablo y en la Sacristía el San Lorenzo y San Vicente Guías Regionales Calpe, Madrid, 1923, p. 263. Mártir. El citado autor vincula a Pedro Salvador con la escuela de Juanes Cfr. E. Tormo, Levante, 12 Archivo del Reino de Valencia, Notario Francisco Sebil, año de 1672, Protocolo 4518, folio 21r-23r. 13 Archivo del Reino de Valencia, Notario Francisco Sebil, año de 1673, Protocolo 4519, folio 44v-45v. Princeton, 1955, ed. Española, 1983, p. 213. Palomino también alude a estos mo- 14 H. E. Wethey, Alonso Cano. Painter, Sculptor, Architect, delos y otros objetos de arte que él mismo vio en su visita a Valencia en 1700. Cfr. A. Palomino, Museo Pictórico, Ed. Madrid, 1947, p. 989. Alonso Cano pudo dejar estos baúles y cajas en la Cartuja en su estancia en Valencia entre 1644-45 tras dejar Madrid por las sospechas de haber dado muerte a su segunda mujer. En la Cartuja de Portaceli, dejó Cano algunas pinturas que desgraciadamente no se conservan. El hecho de trasladarse con los elementos de su obrador y dejarlos allí, puede reafirmar la tesis sostenida por Wethey de que el artista tenía la voluntad de quedarse en Valencia y hacerse cartujo. Lo cierto es que un año después, el 20 de septiembre de 1645, el artista se encuentra en Getafe contra- tando un retablo para la iglesia de dicha localidad. Para Cano y su periodo valenciano véase: F. M. Garín Ortiz de Taranco y A. V. Montoliú, "En torno al problemático periodo valenciano de Alonso Cano" en Centenario de Alonso Cano en Granada, Estudios, Granada, 1968, pp.
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