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RESEARCH PROJECT NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS of BRICS COUNTRIES IDRC Center File: 104227-001

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RESEARCH PROJECT NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS of BRICS COUNTRIES IDRC Center File: 104227-001 RESEARCH PROJECT NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS OF BRICS COUNTRIES (IDRC CENTER FILE 104227-001) FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2007 TO OCTOBER 2010 RedeSist - Economics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Globelics http://brics.redesist.ie.ufrj.brhttp://brics.redesist.ie.ufrj.br FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2007 TO OCTOBER 2010 RESEARCH PROJECT NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS OF BRICS COUNTRIES IDRC Center File: 104227-001 Country/Region: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) Research institutions: Economics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Center of Development Studies, Trivadrum, Kerala, India Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia Information on Research Institutions: Annex 1 Research Team Coordinators: José Eduardo Cassiolato – Brazil K.J. Joseph – India Rasigan Maharajh – South Africa Liu Xielin – China Leonid Gokhberg – Russia Names of Researcher/Members of Research Team: Annex 2 Keywords: innovation, national innovation system, BRICS. Date: October 15th, 2010 Report prepared by: Maria Clara Couto Soares (project manager) Report reviewed by: José Eduardo Cassiolato (project coordinator) 2 Av. Pasteur 250 – Sala 104 e 107 - Urca - Rio de Janeiro/RJ - CEP 22290-240 Tel 55-21-3873.5279 / 5278 - Fax 55-21-2541 8148 Site : www.redesist.ie.ufrj.br Summary 1. Synthesis..............................................................................................................................4 2. Research problem and project objectives:.........................................................................5 3. Methodology........................................................................................................................7 4. Project Activities...............................................................................................................10 4.1 Research Related Activities ..............................................................................................10 4.2 Project Management Activities.........................................................................................11 5. Project Outputs and Dissemination: ................................................................................12 5.1 Research...........................................................................................................................12 5.2 Capacity building .............................................................................................................14 5.3 Policy influence................................................................................................................15 6. Main Project Findings ......................................................................................................16 ANNEX 1...............................................................................................................................29 ANNEX 2...............................................................................................................................31 3 Av. Pasteur 250 – Sala 104 e 107 - Urca - Rio de Janeiro/RJ - CEP 22290-240 Tel 55-21-3873.5279 / 5278 - Fax 55-21-2541 8148 Site : www.redesist.ie.ufrj.br Final Technical Report Project: National Innovation Systems of BRICS Countries 1. Synthesis The world is experiencing significant transformations in its geopolitical and economic constitution. The processes of transformation have accelerated over the last decades. A significant part of the growth potential of the world economy nowadays and for the coming decades resides mostly in some fast developing countries. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) have displayed such potential for dynamic change. In a historic rupture with past patterns of development, the BRICS counties are now playing a major role in alleviating the current global crisis whilst revealing new and alternative progressive paradigms. Much beyond the emphasis given by international agencies to the identification of investment possibilities in the BRICS production structures or to the prospects presented by their consumer markets, our perspective in analyzing BRICS along this project was inspired by their significant development opportunities, as well as their several common characteristics and challenges, and the learning potential they offer for other developing countries. Identifying and analysing these opportunities and challenges will help to uncover alternative pathways towards fulfilling their socio-political-economic development potential within the constraints of sustainability. The central focus of the project is the national innovation system (NIS) of the five BRICS. The emphasis on the study of innovation systems of BRICS results from the recognition that understanding the particular dynamics which connects the knowledge base with innovation and economic performance in each of the five BRICS countries is, today, a precondition for better appreciating the direction that the world economy will be following (Lundvall, 2009). Besides analysing the broad characteristics and dynamics of the NIS in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, five key components of their innovation systems were studied in greater detail throughout the project. Analyses on the role played by the State, the financing, the direct investment and the small and medium enterprises were provided, besides approaching a particularly relevant – though still not extensively studied – aspect of the BRICS: the challenge of inequality and its interrelations with the national systems of innovation (NSIs) of these countries. The research endeavour of the project has gathered universities and research centres from all the BRICS, as well as policymakers invited to discuss the outcomes. The research development and the comparative analysis of its results intended to bring to light the challenges and 4 Av. Pasteur 250 – Sala 104 e 107 - Urca - Rio de Janeiro/RJ - CEP 22290-240 Tel 55-21-3873.5279 / 5278 - Fax 55-21-2541 8148 Site : www.redesist.ie.ufrj.br opportunities of BRICS’ national innovation systems from the points of view of these same countries. Part of the effort undertaken was addressed to the construction of a shared methodology aimed at advancing the comprehension of the specificities of innovation systems in each country. This was done, in view of the need for improvements in the analytical framework used for the analysis of the national innovation systems located in countries outside the restrict sphere of developed countries. Special attention was paid to the political implications. However, instead of searching for generalizable policy recommendations, it was sought to identify and analyze bottlenecks that are common to the BRICS, their complementarities and competition areas, as well as other aspects of major importance for supporting decision makers and that are able to incite reflection about the subject of innovation and development in other less developed countries. It is worth to mention that the research consolidated along this project is rooted in a larger research effort on BRICS national innovation systems being developed in the sphere of the Global Research Network for Learning, Innovation and Competence Building Systems- Globelics (www.globelics.org) and the Research Network on Local Production and Innovation Systems-RedeSist, at the Economic Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (www.redesist.ie.ufrj.br). Globelics is an international academic network which uses the concept of innovation systems (IS) as an analytical tool aimed at the comprehension of the driving forces that push economic development. It aims to advance the use of IS perspective on a world basis. Established in 2002 and inspired by renowned scholars from the field of economics of innovation as Christopher Freeman (1987) and Bengt-Äke Lundvall (1992), the Globelics network has, among others, the purpose of encouraging knowledge exchange between less developed countries, thus fostering mutual learning across innovation research groups in Latin America, Africa and Asia. With this, it is sought to strengthen an original and more autonomous approach to understanding the development processes in developing countries. The project objectives, activities, outcomes and outputs are detailed in the following topics. 2. Research problem and project objectives: As previously mentioned, the main focus of the project is the national innovation system (NIS) of BRICS. The notion of innovation system has in its centre the production, S&T and education sub-systems; but includes also the financial subsystem, the investment patterns, the legal and political frameworks as well as other spheres connected to the national and international, contexts where knowledge are generated, used and diffused. In this effort it was necessary to develop conceptual and methodological frameworks capable of depicting their different private, public and governmental dimensions and that allow the comparison of the NIS of the five countries, pointing out convergences, divergences and synergies. Another priority issue was policy implications resulting from the research findings. 5 Av. Pasteur 250 – Sala 104 e 107 - Urca - Rio de Janeiro/RJ - CEP 22290-240 Tel 55-21-3873.5279 / 5278 - Fax 55-21-2541 8148 Site : www.redesist.ie.ufrj.br The main objectives of the project were: § To stimulate interactions and the exchange of experiences between researchers and policy-makers
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