Sources of Influence on Gothic Architecture
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Download This Article
Common Threads Structural Issues in Historic Buildings By Craig M. Bennett, Jr., P.E. Charleston, South Carolina is blessed with historic structures. Eighteenth and nineteenth century houses, churches and civic buildings adorn every block. The city has ® interesting challenges for the structural engineer… the east coast’s largest earthquake, hurricanes, city-wide fires and poor soils have put buildings and their designers to the test. Because the primary structural materials found here, soil, masonry, timber and iron, are the same as those used everywhere over the last three centuries, struc- tural issues common to buildings in Charleston are found in historic buildings all over the nation. Buildings move due to consolidation of soils; masonry cracks; lime leaches out of mortar; timber creeps under stress and rots when faced with water intrusion and iron corrodes. The only threat not severe here is a regular freeze- thaw cycle. Copyright A look at a few of these historic structuresCopyright© and a comparison of their behavior with that of other buildings found around the southeast will show the similarities in the Pompion Hill Chapel, Huger, SC - 1763 issues the preservation engineer faces. Replacement of the failed trusses in 1751 - St. Michael’s had settled several inches and had been kind would have been appropriate from Episcopal Church, severely fractured. After 1989’s Hurri- a preservation standpoint, but exact cane Hugo, we had had to straighten the replacement timber members would Charleston, South Carolina top 50 feet, the timber spire. We were have, in time, failed under load like the Construction on the brick masonry for also aware that we had potential lateral original. -
The Theatricality of the Baroque City: M
THE THEATRICALITY OF THE BAROQUE CITY: M. D. PÖPPELMANN’S ZWINGER AT DRESDEN FOR AUGUSTUS THE STRONG OF SAXONNY PATRICK LYNCH TRINITY HALL CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY 1996 MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY DISSERTATION THE HISTORY AND PHILSOPHY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 CONTENTS: Acknowledgements. Preface. 1 Introduction to the topic of theatricality as an aspect of the baroque. i.i The problem of the term baroque. i.ii The problem of theatricality in the histories of baroque architecture: i.ii.a The theatricality of the Frame. i.ii.b The theatricality of Festival. ii The hermeneutics of theatricality: ii.i Hans-Georg Gadamer's formulation of play, symbol and festival as an interpretation of baroque theatricality. 2 The historical situation of the development of the Zwinger. i The European context. ii The local context. 3 The urban situation of the Zwinger. i Barockstadt Dresden. ii Barockstaat Sachsen. 4 A description of the development of the Zwinger. Conclusion: i Festival and the baroque city. A description of the Zwinger in use as it was inaugurated during the wedding celebrations of Augustus III and Marie Josepha von Habsburg, September 1719. ii Theatricality and the city. Bibliography. Illustrations: Volume 2 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I would like to thank D.V. for supervising me in his inimitable way, and Dr. Christopher Padfield (and Trinity Hall) for generous financial support. This dissertation is dedicated to my family and friends, absent or otherwise and to C.M. in particular for first showing me the Zwinger and without whose care this document would not exist. PATRICK LYNCH 09/96 3 'Als ich nach der Augustusbrücke kam, die ich schon so gut aus Kupferstichen und Gemälden kannte, kam es mir vor, als ob ich schon früher einmal in Traum hier gewesen wäre.' (As I came upon the Augustusbrücke, which I knew so well from engravings and paintings, it seemed to me as if I had been here once before, in a dream.) Hans Christian Andersen 'This luscious and impeccable fruit of life Falls, it appears, of its own weight to earth. -
The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: the Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry Versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry
Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 5 Issue 2 135-172 2015 The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry Nelly Shafik Ramzy Sinai University Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Ramzy, Nelly Shafik. "The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 5, 2 (2015): 135-172. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol5/iss2/7 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ramzy The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry By Nelly Shafik Ramzy, Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Sinai University, El Masaeed, El Arish City, Egypt 1. Introduction When performing geometrical analysis of historical buildings, it is important to keep in mind what were the intentions -
Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork*
$UFKLWHFWXUDO Bork, R 2014 Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric +LVWRULHV Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design. Architectural Histories, 2(1): 14, pp. 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ah.bq RESEARCH ARTICLE Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork* This essay explores the proportioning strategies used by Gothic architects. It argues that Gothic design practice involved conventions of procedure, governing the dynamic unfolding of successive geometrical steps. Because this procedure proves difficult to capture in words, and because it produces forms with a qualitatively different kind of architectural order than the more familiar conventions of classical design, which govern the proportions of the final building rather than the logic of the steps used in creating it, Gothic design practice has been widely misunderstood since the Renaissance. Although some authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries attempted to sympathetically explain Gothic geometry, much of this work has been dismissed as unreliable, especially in the influential work of Konrad Hecht. This essay seeks to put the study of Gothic proportion onto a new and firmer foundation, by using computer-aided design software to analyze the geometry of carefully measured buildings and original design drawings. Examples under consideration include the parish church towers of Ulm and Freiburg, and the cross sections of the cathedrals of Reims, Prague, and Clermont-Ferrand, and of the Cistercian church at Altenberg. Introduction of historic monuments to be studied with new rigor. It is Discussion of proportion has a curiously vexed status in finally becoming possible, therefore, to speak with reason- the literature on Gothic architecture. -
2008 Romanesque in the Sousa Valley.Pdf
ROMANESQUE IN THE SOUSA VALLEY ATLANTIC OCEAN Porto Sousa Valley PORTUGAL Lisbon S PA I N AFRICA FRANCE I TA LY MEDITERRANEAN SEA Index 13 Prefaces 31 Abbreviations 33 Chapter I – The Romanesque Architecture and the Scenery 35 Romanesque Architecture 39 The Romanesque in Portugal 45 The Romanesque in the Sousa Valley 53 Dynamics of the Artistic Heritage in the Modern Period 62 Territory and Landscape in the Sousa Valley in the 19th and 20th centuries 69 Chapter II – The Monuments of the Route of the Romanesque of the Sousa Valley 71 Church of Saint Peter of Abragão 73 1. The church in the Middle Ages 77 2. The church in the Modern Period 77 2.1. Architecture and space distribution 79 2.2. Gilding and painting 81 3. Restoration and conservation 83 Chronology 85 Church of Saint Mary of Airães 87 1. The church in the Middle Ages 91 2. The church in the Modern Period 95 3. Conservation and requalification 95 Chronology 97 Castle Tower of Aguiar de Sousa 103 Chronology 105 Church of the Savior of Aveleda 107 1. The church in the Middle Ages 111 2. The church in the Modern Period 112 2.1. Renovation in the 17th-18th centuries 115 2.2. Ceiling painting and the iconographic program 119 3. Restoration and conservation 119 Chronology 121 Vilela Bridge and Espindo Bridge 127 Church of Saint Genes of Boelhe 129 1. The church in the Middle Ages 134 2. The church in the Modern Period 138 3. Restoration and conservation 139 Chronology 141 Church of the Savior of Cabeça Santa 143 1. -
A Study of the Pantheon Through Time Caitlin Williams
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2018 A Study of the Pantheon Through Time Caitlin Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons Recommended Citation Williams, Caitlin, "A Study of the Pantheon Through Time" (2018). Honors Theses. 1689. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/1689 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Study of the Pantheon Through Time By Caitlin Williams * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Classics UNION COLLEGE June, 2018 ABSTRACT WILLIAMS, CAITLIN A Study of the Pantheon Through Time. Department of Classics, June, 2018. ADVISOR: Hans-Friedrich Mueller. I analyze the Pantheon, one of the most well-preserVed buildings from antiquity, through time. I start with Agrippa's Pantheon, the original Pantheon that is no longer standing, which was built in 27 or 25 BC. What did it look like originally under Augustus? Why was it built? We then shift to the Pantheon that stands today, Hadrian-Trajan's Pantheon, which was completed around AD 125-128, and represents an example of an architectural reVolution. Was it eVen a temple? We also look at the Pantheon's conversion to a church, which helps explain why it is so well preserVed. -
The Baroque Transformation of the Salus Populi Romani Amber Mcalister Blazer
From Icon to Relic: The Baroque Transformation of the Salus Populi Romani Amber McAlister Blazer In partial response 10 the Pro1esian1 denunciation of sa of another revered icon al the Chiesa Nuova.' This con1empo cred images, the Counter-Reformation Church in Rome initi• rary project anticipates lhe formal solution employed at 1he atcd a widespread progmm 10 resanctify holy icons.' The re Pauline altar. In 1606, the Orntorian fathers of S. Mruia in newed importance or such images for the renovmio of the Vallicella commissioned a paiming from Pe1cr Paul Rubens for Church was stated emphatically by the elaborate Baroque vo tbe high altar of 1heir new church. the Chiesa Nuova.' One of cabulary employed in their re-installation. An important ex their requirements was 1ha1 it should incorporate the mirncu ample of this process is seen in the tomb chapel erected by lous image of the Madonna and Child which the fathers had Paul Vat S. Maria Maggiore and its allar that houses the icon. preserved from their old church. Rubens finished the canvas of today known as the Salus Pop11li Rom1111i (Figure I).' Because Sts. Grego,}' and Domiti/111, S11rro1111ded by Fo11r Saims !Sts. of1he long and revered his1ory of 1he icon. the papal patronage Maurus and Papianus. Nereus and Achilleus] in 1607.' Be of the si1e. and the nascent Baroque style used for 1he altar cause of the poor light in the church the painting was unread itself. the Pauline installation serves as a paradigm for the able, and 1he Church fathers asked Rubens 10 redo the work on Counter-Reformation display of icons. -
Looking at the Pazzi Chapel's Umbrella Vault from Its Oculus
Looking at the Pazzi Chapel’s umbrella vault from its oculus Nevena RADOJEVIC DiDA: Dipartimento di Architettura – Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Abstract: The subject of the research is the umbrella vault in the Pazzi Chapel in Santa Croce church in Florence. In some previous researches done by the author, attempts were made to formulate new hypotheses on the form-finding processes that could have determined the shape of umbrella’s vault sail. The analyses were done by correlating detailed surveys and geometric analyses of the vault, comprising the curves, surfaces and the possible masonry texture with the hypothesized form. The hypothesized form of the inner sail is obtained by a three-dimensional transformation of a toric surface, with respect to the fixed point (dome’s oculus) and constant length (torus radius), like the conchoid of Nicomedes in 2d. The vault is made by the inner sail (the conchoid surface) and the outer sail that is not visible in this moment (the hypothesized toric surface). The results were verified by overlapping the hypothesized inner sail’s form with the laser scanner data, and only 4% of points were out of the 3 cm range. This very particular form, even though it explains the building process in a very satisfactory manner, is not actually something that the visitors can see (with the naked eye). Actually, the conchoid surface (that is a solid central projection of torus), could be perceived like a transformation of torus only under certain conditions. First condition: the inner conchoidal sail’s surface should be mapped by the elements that represent the projection of the torus’s peculiar elements (circumferences for example) onto the conchoid surface from the fixed point (oculus). -
Jan Lewandoski Restoration and Traditional Building 92 Old Pasture Rd
Jan Lewandoski Restoration and Traditional Building 92 Old Pasture Rd. Greensboro Bend , Vermont 05842 802-533-2561; 802-274-4318 [email protected] May 7, 2020 The Granville Town Hall, Granville Vermont A Preservation Trust of Vermont Technical Assistance Survey The Granville Town Hall is a tall 2-story, white, clapboarded structure located on the west side of Rt. 100 at the center of Town. It was first built as a church in 1871. It is currently attached to the Town Offices, which are located in the Town’s 1857 schoolhouse. The Town Hall probably started life sitting on a stone foundation on the ground. At a later date the church was lifted and had the current first floor added beneath it. The doorway appears to be of the original period of the church (1871), and to have been relocated to the new lower story. The original tower may have been only the first square section, but at some later date the second square and spire were likely added. I base this observation on fact that the second square section of the tower, and the spire, don’t start within the first section as is usually done (telescoping), but just sit on top of it. The architectural style is vernacular Greek Revival. Characteristic of this are the wide pilasters, closed pediment, and wide double frieze. There is an interesting projection, reflecting the position of the tower or a porch for the doorway, on the middle of the front wall. This is seen occasionally on Vermont churches. The Town Hall is of timber frame construction, spruce and hemlock, and measures about 36 x 48 in plan. -
The Analysis on the Collapse of the Tallest Gothic Cathedral
ctbuh.org/papers Title: The Analysis on the Collapse of the Tallest Gothic Cathedral Author: Seong-Woo Hong, Professor, Kyungwoon University Subject: Structural Engineering Keyword: Structure Publication Date: 2004 Original Publication: CTBUH 2004 Seoul Conference Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Seong-Woo Hong The Analysis on the Collapse of the Tallest Gothic Cathedral Seong-Woo Hong1 1 Professor, School of Architecture, Kyungwoon University Abstract At the end of the twelfth century, a new architectural movement began to develop rapidly in the Ile-de-France area of France. This new movement differed from its antecedents in its structural innovations as well as in its stylistic and spatial characteristics. The new movement, which came to be called Gothic, is characterized by the rib vault, the pointed arch, a complex plan, a multi-storied elevation, and the flying buttress. Pursuing the monumental lightweight structure with these structural elements, the Gothic architecture showed such technical advances as lightness of structure and structural rationalism. However, even though Gothic architects or masons solved the technical problems of building and constructed many Gothic cathedrals, the tallest of the Gothic cathedral, Beauvais cathedral, collapsed in 1284 without any evidence or document. There have been two different approaches to interpret the collapse of Beauvais cathedral: one is stylistic or archeological analysis, and the other is structural analysis. Even though these analyses do not provide the firm evidence concerning the collapse of Beauvais cathedral, this study extracts some confidential evidences as follows: The bay of the choir collapsed and especially the flying buttress system of the second bay at the south side of the choir was seriously damaged. -
Romanesque Architecture and the Scenery
Index 13 Prefaces 31 Abbreviations 33 Chapter I – The Romanesque Architecture and the Scenery 35 Romanesque Architecture 39 The Romanesque in Portugal 45 The Romanesque in the Sousa Valley 53 Dynamics of the Artistic Heritage in the Modern Period 62 Territory and Landscape in the Sousa Valley in the 19th and 20th centuries 69 Chapter II – The Monuments of the Route of the Romanesque of the Sousa Valley 71 Church of Saint Peter of Abragão 73 1. The church in the Middle Ages 77 2. The church in the Modern Period 77 2.1. Architecture and space distribution 79 2.2. Gilding and painting 81 3. Restoration and conservation 83 Chronology Romanesque Architecture 35 Between the late 10th century and the early 11th century, Western Europe accuses a slow renovation accompanied by a remarkable building surge. In this period, the regional differences concerning ar- chitecture are still much accentuated. While the South witnesses the development of the so-called first meridional Romanesque art, in the North of France and in the territory of the Otonian Empire the large wood-covered constructions of Carolingian tradition prevail. However, it is throughout the second half of the 11th century and the early 12th century that a series of political, social, economical and religious transformations will lead to the appearance and expansion of the Romanesque style. A greater political stability is then followed by a slow but significant demographic growth. In the 11th century, progress in the farming techniques will provide better crops and a visible improvement in the population’s eating habits and life conditions. -
GOTHIC ADVENTURE Exploring the Gothic Style of Washington National Cathedral
ABSTRACT A three-part program that is Common Core friendly and introduces architectural concepts and explores the relationship between gothic architecture, math, science, and art. Each lesson is about an hour. Worksheets and handouts are attached at the end of each lesson. GOTHIC ADVENTURE Exploring the gothic style of Washington National Cathedral 1 1 Gothic Adventure TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Welcome………………………………………………………………ii Curriculum Standards…..………………………………………………………………..iii Part I: The Architectural Landscape………………………………………………....1-12 Part II: It’s Bigger on the Inside…….……………………………………..………..14-22 Part III: What’s in an image? ........………………………….……………………….24-36 Photo Credits…………………………………………………………………………….37 i Gothic Adventure Objectives: After completing the three-part Gothic Adventure lesson plan, students will be better able to a. Analyze their surroundings; b. Identify architectural forms of a Gothic cathedral; c. Explain how those features work together to create a desired effect; d. Communicate and share different perspectives; and e. Cite ways in which math, science, and art achievements of the past have influenced modern architecture through ratios, area, writing, comparing/contrasting, and hands-on activities. Audiences: 1. The primary audience of this program is fifth-grade students (ages 10-11). 2. Teachers may also benefit from the program as a preparatory tool for a visit to Washington National Cathedral or as a primer for teaching fundamentals of gothic architecture in the classroom. Welcome to Washington National Cathedral Washington National Cathedral offers educational materials to enrich the learning experiences of students across the country by helping them connect with engaging content through the art, architecture, and history of the Cathedral. The programs help fulfill the Cathedral’s mission of hospitality and education and are separate from the Cathedral’s religious mission.