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Pontifcia Universidade Catlica Do Rio Grande Do PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ZOOLOGIA SISTEMÁTICA E FILOGENIA DE TRECHALEIDAE (ARANEAE, LYCOSOIDEA) ESTEVAM LUÍS CRUZ DA SILVA PORTO ALEGRE, 2012 I PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ZOOLOGIA SISTEMÁTICA E FILOGENIA DE TRECHALEIDAE (ARANEAE, LYCOSOIDEA) M.Sc. Estevam Luís Cruz da Silva Orientador: Dr. Arno Antonio Lise TESE DE DOUTORADO PORTO ALEGRE – RS – BRASIL 2012 II Aviso Este trabalho é parte integrante dos requerimentos necessários à obtenção do título de doutor em Zoologia, e como tal, não deve ser vista como uma publicação no senso do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica (artigo 9) (apesar de disponível publicamente sem restrições) e, portanto, quaisquer atos nomenclaturais nela contidos tornam-se sem efeito para os princípios de prioridade e homonímia. Desta forma, quaisquer informações inéditas, opiniões e hipóteses, bem como nomes novos, não estão disponíveis na literatura zoológica. Pessoas interessadas devem estar cientes de que referências públicas ao conteúdo deste estudo, na sua presente forma, somente devem ser feitas com aprovação prévia do autor. Notice This work is a partial requirement for the PhD degree in Zoology and, as such, should not be considered as a publication in the sense of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (article 9) (although it is available without restrictions) therefore, any nomenclatural acts herein proposed are considered void for the principles of priority and homonymy. Therefore, any new information, opinions, and hypotheses, as well as new names, are not available in the zoological literature. Interested people are advised that any public reference to this study, in its current form, should only be done after previous acceptance of the author. III SUMÁRIO Epígrafe...........................................................................................................................VI Dedicatória.....................................................................................................................VII Agradecimentos............................................................................................................VIII Resumo.............................................................................................................................X Abstract .........................................................................................................................XII Apresentação................................................................................................................XIV Capítulo I – Generic phylogeny and classification of Trechaleidae Simon, 1890 spiders (Araneae: Lycosoidea), with comments on the monophyly and placement of the new family Rhoicinidae Simon, 1898. Manuscrito será submetido ao periódico The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London……..............................................1 Capítulo II – Taxonomic revision of the spider family Rhoicinidae Simon, 1890 (Araneae, Lycosoidea). Manuscrito será submetido ao periódico “Zootaxa (Online)”..........................................................................................................................91 Capítulo III – Sistemática de Trechaleidae (artigos publicados).................................156 Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Description of a new species of the spider genus Syntrechalea (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Trechaleidae) from Colombia. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v. 25, p. 495-498, 2008. Silva, E.L.C. Notes on the distribution of Trechalea boliviensis Carico 1993 (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Trechaleidae) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências, v. 10, p. 81-82, 2008. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. New record of nuptial gift observed in Trechalea amazonica (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Trechaleidae). Revista Peruana de Biología, v. 16, p. 119-120, 2009. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. On the taxonomy of Trechaleidae (Araneae: Lycosoidea) from Colombia and Peru. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v. 26, p. 357-362, 2009. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Four new species of the Neotropical spider genus Enna (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Trechaleidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa (Online), v. 2289, p. 48-54, 2009. IV Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. On the taxonomy of the Neotropical spider genera Dossenus and Dyrines (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Trechaleidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v. 27, p. 313-315, 2010. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Two new species and new records of Syntrechalea (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Trechaleidae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v. 27, p. 408- 412, 2010. Carico, J.E., Silva, E.L.C. On the taxonomy of Trechaleidae (Araneae, Lycosoidea) from South America. Journal of Arachnology, v. 38, p. 357-359, 2010. Carico, J.E., Silva, E.L.C. Taxonomic review of the Neotropical spider genus Paradossenus (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Trechaleidae, Trechaleinae) with a new erection of the subfamily Trechaleinae and a key to included genera. Journal of Arachnology, v. 38, p. 212-236, 2010. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Taxonomic notes on the genus Paratrechalea Carico, 2005 (Araneae: Trechaleidae: Trechaleinae). Zootaxa (Online), v. 2667, p.43-50, 2010. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Synonyms and one new record in the spider family Trechaleidae (Araneae: Lycosoidea). Zootaxa (Online), 2723, p. 66-68, 2010. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Taxonomic notes, descriptions and new records on the Neotropical spider genus Paradossenus (Araneae: Trechaleidae: Trechaleinae). Zootaxa (Online), 2781, p. 63-68, 2011. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Description of a new species of Dossenus (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Trechaleidae) from Northern Brazil. Zootaxa (Online), 2814, p. 67-68, 2011. Silva, E.L.C. & Lise, A.A. Description of seven new species of the Neotropical spider genus Enna (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Trechaleidae). Zootaxa (Online), 2919: 60-68, 2011. V A Última Mensagem do Chefe, Caros Escoteiros: Se vocês já assistiram à peça "Peter - Pan", lembrar-se-ão que o chefe dos piratas estava sempre fazendo o seu discurso de despedida, temendo que, ao chegar a hora de morrer, não tivesse tempo, talvez, de pronunciá-lo. Passa-se o mesmo comigo, e assim, embora não esteja morrendo neste momento, isto irá acontecer qualquer dia destes, e desejo mandar a vocês uma última palavra de adeus. Lembrem-se: esta é a última coisa que vocês ouvirão de mim, portanto, meditem sobre ela. Tenho levado uma vida cheia de felicidades, e desejo que cada um de vocês tenha também uma vida igualmente feliz. Creio que Deus nos colocou neste delicioso mundo para sermos felizes e saborearmos a vida. A felicidade não vem da riqueza, nem do sucesso profissional, nem do comodismo da vida regalada e da satisfação dos próprios apetites. Um passo para a felicidade é, quando jovem, tornar-se forte e saudável, para poder ser útil e gozar a vida quando adulto. O estudo da natureza mostrará a vocês quão cheio de coisas belas e maravilhosas Deus fez o mundo para o nosso deleite. Fiquem contentes com o que possuem e tirem disso o melhor proveito. Vejam o lado bom das coisas em vez do lado pior. Mas, o melhor meio para alcançar a felicidade é proporcionando aos outros a felicidade. Procurem deixar este mundo um pouco melhor do que o encontraram, e, quando chegar a hora de morrer, poderão morrer felizes sentindo que pelo menos não desperdiçaram o tempo e que procuraram fazer o melhor possível. Deste modo estejam "bem preparados" para viver felizes e para morrer felizes. Mantenham-se sempre fiéis à sua Promessa Escoteira, mesmo quando já tenham deixado de ser rapazes, e Deus ajude a todos a procederem assim. Do amigo Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell VI À minha esposa Juliane Picanço por todo amor e carinho À minha família pelo apoio e incentivo Agradeço também a Deus e aos meus Orixás VII AGRADECIMENTOS In memorian ao Dr. James E. Carico (Lynchburg College, Virgínia, EUA), meu amigo e mentor durante o início dos meus estudos na sistemática de Trechaleidae. Gostaria de agradecer ao meu grande amigo e orientador Arno Antonio Lise por todo o apoio nas minhas pesquisas. À minha esposa Juliane Bentes Picanço (PUCRS) pela paciência, amor e carinho durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. À família Cruz da Silva, nas pessoas de Jorge, Sandra, Aline e Edson pelo carinho e apoio. À Nelle Carico e o pessoal da Lynchburg College, Virgínia, EUA, Desi Justis e Kari Benson, por todo apoio à minha pesquisa. Aos professores Gervásio Silva Carvalho, Taran Grant, Sandro Bonatto e Roberto E. dos Reis pelas sugestões ao meu trabalho. Aos colegas e ex-colegas do Laboratório de Aracnologia / PUCRS pelo apoio e especialmente ao meu grande amigo Carlos Eduardo Ferro (CB) pela parceria nos primeiros anos do meu projeto. Aos coordenadores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia da PUCRS de 2008 a 2012, Júlio César Bicca-Marques e Roberto E. dos Reis e às secretárias Josilene Martins Rocha, Cátia Bonacina, Maria Luiza Moreira e Luana Oliveira dos Santos pela atenção e auxílio. Ao Dr. Gustavo Hormiga pela orientação durante o período de estágio na George Washington University de setembro a dezembro de 2010. Aos amigos da equipe do Laboratório de Aracnologia da George Washington University: Thiago da Silva Moreira (Menudo), Jesus Alfonso Ballesteros (Chuy), Ligia Benavides, Daniela Andriamalala e Jessica Watari pelo companheirismo e sugestões ao meu trabalho durante meu estágio em 2010. Ao Dr. Charles Griswold (CAS) pelo auxílio, sugestões nos manuscritos submetidos para publicação e também pela oportunidade de examinar material
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