Check List 8(6): 1232–1247, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution

An updated checklist of the Thysanoptera of Panama with pecies

S comments on host associations

of

Arturo Goldarazena 1* 2 and Cheslavo Korytowski ists

L 3 3

1 Neiker, Instituto Vasco, deFrancesco Investigación yGattesco Desarrollo Agrario,, Randy Departamento Atencio de Protección Vegetal. Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute, Apdo

46. E-01080. Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain. 2 Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biologia Sezione Ecologia. Via Celoria 26. 20133. Milano, Italy. * 3 CorrUniversidadesponding de author.Panamá, E-mail: Facultad [email protected] de Ciencias, Maestría de Entomología. Estafeta Universitaria, Apartado 3366, Panamá 4. Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Abstract: An updated biological catalogue of the Thysanoptera of Panama is presented. As a result the new checklist presented here records 246 species, 87 of which were collected during a recent survey.

Introduction Mound 1989). Tropical forests play a fundamental role in key The present paper was produced in response to a ecosystems processes, affecting the dynamics of regional 90 days research invitation to the senior author by the and global climates. In addition, tropical ecosystems are Department of Entomology of the University of Panama reputed to support most of the world’s biodiversity: almost to implement a course on during countless species of and , a large number of which are still unknown. Less still is known about the potential pest thrips species, especially Thrips palmi and complex web of interactions that weave these species into Frankliniella2008-2011. Oneoccidentalis of the , targets using multimedia was the identification and e-learning of ecological communities. Thus, tropical forests represent methodology (Moritz et al. 2004). These courses provided one of the last great frontiers of biological exploration to an opportunity to further sample Panamian Thysanoptera, and as a result the new catalogue presented here records of tropical forest habitat degradation and destruction 246 species, 87 of which were newly collected during the arewhich higher increasing than in numbers almost any of scientists other biome are flocking.and we areRates in study. danger of losing the vast majority of species before we have An additional target was to increase our knowledge of documented them (Lawton and May 1995). In comparison the association between thrips and natural plants on Barro with most temperate ecosystems, Panamanian tropical Colorado Island and inland Panama. It is important to ecosystems are characterized by extraordinarily high but conduct -association surveys in order to understand poorly inventoried diversity, and by an absence of the role of thrips in ecosystems, to ascertain which plant basic biological and ecological information (Godfray et al. species support pest thrips (Mound and Marullo 1996), 1999; Novotny et al. 2002). Information on the Neotropical and to assess the impact of different thrips species on species of the insect Order Thysanoptera is widely populations of other organisms within crops, amenity scattered (Mound and Marullo 1996). Here we attempt plantings and noncultivated areas. The thrips fauna of to summarize the available information concerning the Panama cannot be considered a static entity. Not only are biodiversity of these in Panama. these insects particularly vagile, but populations of most Thrips are particularly diverse in the tropics, and species seem to increase and decrease rapidly. Moreover, new species are constantly being introduced accidentally, via the Panama Canal and airports due to the agricultural includedthe species 175 known species from together the Republic with a historical of Panama review were trade market. Other species can be expected to be lost offirst the listed Thysanoptera. by Mound Also and included Palmer was (1992). information That list on through vegetational changes, including the construction bionomics, distribution and a discussion of problems of the new Canal that started in 2009. associated with the effective sampling of this group of The purpose of this paper is to list all recorded taxa, together with some indication of their biological characteristics, with the hope that by providing etinsects al. 2011). in the Laurencefield (Hood Mound 1934; has Mound published and Palmer extensively 1992; Panamanian students with an introduction to the recent onBournier the taxonomy 1993; Mound of the and Thysanoptera Marullo 1996; worldwide Sanchez-Monge and has literature on Thysanoptera, further studies on the biology been at the forefront of developing our understanding and taxonomy of these insects will be facilitated. of the phylogenetic, and hence systematic, relationships Materials and Methods within the Thysanoptera (Mound and Palmer 1983; 1986; 1232 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

www.theplantlist.org/). In general, thrips are most easily collected by beating Sampling sites (Figure 1). Agroecosystems: the sites selected varied from dry areas in Panama (Arco Seco, leaves, over a small plastic tray (see: http://anic.ento. Provinceprovinces (Boquete),of Herrera, BocasLos Santos, del Toro Coclé, and Veraguas Darien. and Natural west csiro.au/thrips/).flowers and vegetation, Thrips were also killed dead branchesin 60% ethanol and dead and habitats:area of Panama two sites Province) were selected to the humid for general regions survey, of Chiriquí Barro mounted on microscopic slides using Canada balsam. The tarsal arolium of thrips adheres to the surface whilst any excess of rubbish is blown away. The beating process createdColorado during Island construction (BCI) and Pipeline of the PanamaRoad. At Canal 09°6’11” in the N, is laborious but is the only way to collect thrips from 79°50’48” W, BCI is a 1500-ha island in an artificial lake, mm.early The 1900s. dry Meanseason monthly often begins temperature in December is 26°C and with ends a techniquesindividual leaves and specimensand flowers, preparation and thus be see more Mound certain and of inmaximum April or of May. 27°C Median in April. rainfall Annual betweenrainfall averages January 2600 and their host association. For more details about collecting March is 84 mm. A more extensive description of the site climaticWalker (1982; areas of 1986) Panama, and including Mound and the Marullo tropical (1996).area of et al. (1996). BCI is covered by a semi-deciduous tropical DarienSamples and were Chiriqui carried composed out in of July primary 1998 rain from forest different and moistcan be forestfound (Holdridgein Croat (1978), et al. Windsor1971). The (1990) southern and Leigh and western parts of the island are old forest (>400 y) whereas by huge horticultural areas of rice, sugar and watermelon the remaining area is younger forest (100 y) with small crops.cloud forest, and the dry area of Arco Seco, predominated The catalogue is arranged systematically under m transect to sample in the different environments on the families and the two largest families are each divided into clearings near the laboratory buildings. We chose a 3500- two subfamilies. Genera are listed alphabetically within trails, making the total study area include > 1.4 ha. Pipeline each family or subfamily. New records are indicated by island. Flowers were collected at least 2 m on each side of an *. New information for the species previously collected in Panama by other scientists (sampling data) is also ofRoad Gatun is part Lake of as the close 22,000-ha as 2 km Parque from BCI. Nacional Average Soberania rainfall provided. Information on biological aspects of some thrips is(09°05’17” higher than N, 79°35’51” on BCI because W) located the along road runsthe eastern in a south side to north direction toward the Caribbean coast, which plants those on which both sexes of thrips were collected, withis given larvae when in theavalaible. majority We of considered the cases. asIt ispotential not possible host to be sure that these larvae correspond to the adults with forreceives a minimum 3500 mm area annual of 2.8 rainfall. ha. The We park worked is composed along km of mature4 to 10 lowlandon Pipe Roadforest Line with and some near roadside the town covered of Gamboa, by 60- identify feeding associations. In Table 1 we present data onmorphological the thrips collectedstudies only, in Agroecosystemsbut it is a first step and to natural try to habitat were more strongly represented here than on habitats. This checklist is based on our sampling (more BCI.70-y Transectsold secondary were forest. walked Secondary from early forest morning and disturbed to early than 10,000 slides have been made after the survey), together with published records. Nomenclature follows that is used in a web-based world checklist (Mound keysafternoon and the (BCI) names or until were late checked afternoon in the (PR). IPNI Alldatabase the plants and 2012) and all thrips collected during the present study Thewere Plant identified List, a withworking specialized list of all botanical plant species dichotomous (http://

were certified with the collection of Thysanoptera at

Figure 1.

Sampling points. 1. Colón, 2 Barro Colorado Island, 3 Pipe Road Line, 4 Tocumen, 5 Chepo, 6 Tortí, 7 Santa Fé de Darién, 8 Chame, 9 La Chorrera, 10 Capira, 11 El Valle de Antón, 12 Penonomé, 13 Río Hato, 14 El Copé, 15 Agua Dulce, 16 Calobre, 17 Divisa, 18 Parita, 19 Los Santos, 20 Ocú, 21 Las Tablas, 22 Las Cañas, 23 Macaracas, 24 Carretera a Cerro Cambutal, 25 Tonosí, 26 Santiago, 27 Soná, 28 Guarumal, 29 Santa Fé de Veraguas, 30 Boquete, 31 Dolega, 32 David, 33 Puerto Arnuelles, 34 Volcán Barú, 35 Cerro Punta, 36 Almirante, 37 Guabito. 1233 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Darwin Center of the Department of Entomology (The Anaphothrips Uzel, 1985 Natural History Museum, London). The studied material is - deposited in the Insect Collection of the Basque Institute of *Anaphothrips obscurus (Müller, 1776). *Anaphothrips sudanensis Trybom, 1911. Anaphothrips sp. Apterothrips Bagnall, 1908 ResultsResearch andand DevelopmentDiscussion (Neiker) in Spain. Apterothrips apteris (Daniel, 1904). Aptinothrips *Aptinothrips rufus Checklist of Species . Arorathrips Bhatti, Haliday, 1990 1836 *Arorathrips crassiscelis Haliday, 1836. *Arorathrips fulvus Merothrips Hood, 1912 Arorathrips mexicanus (Crawford (zur Strassen, DL, 1909). 1967). Merothrips floridensis Arorathrips xanthius (Moulton, 1936). Merothrips morgani Hood, 1912. Baileyothrips Kono and O’Neill, 1964 Watson, 1927. Baileyothrips limbatus (Hood, 1934). Aeolothrips Bolacothrips Uzel, 1895 AEOLOTHRIPIDAE Aeolothrips microstriatus *Bolacothrips striatopennatus (Hood, 1935). Haliday, 1836 Back, 1912 Bravothrips Johansen, 1986 Hood, 1935. Franklinothrips tenuicornis Hood, 1915. *Bravothrips tibialis (Crawford (Schmutz, JC, 1948). 1913). Franklinothrips vespiformis (Crawford, 1909). Bregmatothrips Hood, 1912 Stomatothrips Hood, 1912 *Bregmatothrips venustus Hood, 1912. *Stomatothrips flavus Hood, 1912. Caprithrips Stomatothrips septenarius Hood, 1925. Caprithrips insularis Beshear, 1975. Chaetanaphothrips Faure, 1933 Priesner, 1926 *Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni (Karny, 1914). Heterothrips Hood, 1908 Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907). HETEROTHRIPIDAE *Heterothrips angusticeps Hood, 1954. Chaetanaphothrips signipennis (Bagnall, 1914). Heterothrips fimbriatus Chaetisothrips Priesner, 1957 Heterothrips flavicornis Hood, 1915. *Chaetisothrips gardeniae (Crawford JC, 1945). Hood, 1934. Heterothrips flavitibia /flavicruris . Chaetisothrips striatus Heterothrips minor Hood, 1915. Coremothrips Hood, 1925 Moulton, 1932 Hood, 1934 *Heterothrips prosopidis Coremothrips pallidus Hood, (Hood, 1925. 1935). Heterothrips pubescens Corynothrips Crawford JC, 1943. *Heterothrips sericatus Corynothrips cruentatus Hood, 1934. *Heterothrips striatus Corynothrips stenopterus Williams, 1913 Hood, 1913. *Heterothrips sp 1 Dendrothripoides Hood, 1934. Moulton, 1932. *Heterothrips sp.2 Dendrothripoides innoxius Williams, (Karny, 1914). 1913. Dichromothrips Bagnall, 1923 *Dichromothrips orchidis Caliothrips Daniel, 1904 Echinothrips Moulton, Priesner, 1911 1932 THRIPIDAE-PANCHAETOTHRIPINAE *Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande, 1895). *Echinothrips americanusPriesner, 1932. Caliothrips insularis (Hood, 1928). Echinothrips caribbeanus Hood, 1955. Caliothrips nanus (Hood, 1928). Enneothrips Morgan, 1913. Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood, 1912). Enneothrips flaviceps Hood, 1955. Dinurothrips Enneothrips gustaviae Hood, 1935 Dinurothrips hookeri Frankliniella Karny, 1910 Hood, 1913 Elixothrips *Frankliniella altura Mound Hood, and 1935. Marullo, 1996. Hood, 1913. *Elixothrips brevisetis (Bagnall, 1919). Frankliniella ameliae Hood, 1925. Stannard and Mitri, 1962 Heliothrips Frankliniella annulipes Hood, 1915. *Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Frankliniella bagnalliana Hood, 1925. Haliday, 1836 Hoodothrips Frankliniella borinquen Hood, 1942. (Bouché, 1833). Hoodothrips brevipilus (Hood, 1928). Frankliniella brevicaulis Bondar, 1931 Selenothrips Karny, 1911 *Frankliniella breviseta Moulton, 1948. *Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901). *Frankliniella bruneri Hood, 1937. Frankliniella brunnea Frankliniella cephalica Watson, (Crawford 1926. DL, 1910). Leucothrips *Frankliniella chamulae Priesner, Johansen, 1932. 1981. THRIPIDAE-DENDROTHRIPINAE Leucothrips theobromae *Frankliniella cotubrusensis Reuter, 1904 Pseudodendrothrips Frankliniella cubensis Hood, 1925. (Priesner, 1923). Pseudodendrothrips mori (Niwa, 1908). Frankliniella curiosa Retana and Mound, 1995. Schmutz, 1913 *Frankliniella curta Hood, 1942. *Frankliniella desmodii Priesner, Mound 1932. and Marullo, 1996. Hydatothrips *Frankliniella distinguenda Bagnall, 1919. THRIPIDAE-SERICOTHRIPINAE *Hydatothrips guanacastei Mound and Marullo, 1996. Frankliniella diversa Karny, 1913 Hydatothrips sternalis *Frankliniella fallaciosa Neohydatothrips John, 1929 Frankliniella floydandrei Hood, 1935. (Hood, 1935). Neohydatothrips basilaris (Hood, 1941). *Frankliniella fulvipennis Priesner, 1933. *Neohydatothrips gracilipes (Hood, 1924). *Frankliniella fulvipes Bagnall, Sakimura 1919. and O’Neill, 1979. Neohydatothrips inversus (Hood, 1928). *Frankliniella fusca (Hinds, Moulton, 1902). 1933. Neohydatothrips portoricensis (Morgan, 1925). Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton, 1948. *Neohydatothrips signifer *Frankliniella gossypiana *Neohydatothrips williamsi (Hood, 1928). *Frankliniella hansoni (Priesner, 1932). Hood, 1936. Ratana and Mound, 1995.

1234 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Frankliniella insularis Elaphrothrips affinis (Bagnall, 1908). Frankliniella invasor *Elaphrothrips dampfi Hood, 1940. *Frankliniella kelliae (Franklin, 1908). *Elaphrothrips foveicollis (Bagnall, 1908). *Frankliniella kiesteri Sakimura, 1972. *Elaphrothrips laevicollis (Bagnall, 1910). Frankliniella minuta (Moulton,Sakimura, 1907).1981. Ethirothrips Karny, 1925 *Frankliniella occidentalis Retana (Pergande, and Mound, 1895). 1995. Ethirothrips angusticornis (Bagnall, 1924). Frankliniella panamensis Hood, 1925. Ethirothrips brevis (Bagnall, 1921). *Frankliniella parvula Hood, 1925. Gastrothrips Hood, 1912 Frankliniella pulchella Gastrothrips abditus * (Trybom, 1910). Gastrothrips anolis Morgan, 1925. *Frankliniella spinosissima Hood, Johansen 1935. and Mojica-Guzman, 1989. Gastrothrips stygicus Hood, 1935. Frankliniella standleyana Neosmerinthothrips *Frankliniella vargasi Neosmerinthothrips nigrisetis Hood, 1935. *Frankliniella varipes Hood, 1935. Neosmerinthothrips parvidens Schmutz, 1913 *Frankliniella williamsi Retana Hood, and 1915. Mound, 1995. Nesothrips Kirkaldy, 1907 (Hood, 1935). Frankliniella zeteki Hood, Moulton, 1925. 1933. Nesothrips lativentris (Hood, 1935). *Frankliniella zurqui Phacothrips Mound, 1974 Microcephalothrips Bagnall, 1926 Phacothrips ocelloides (Karny, (Hood, 1913).1950). Microcephalothrips abdominalis Retana and (Crawford Mound, 1995. DL, 1910). Pseudocryptothrips Priesner, 1919 Plesiothrips Hood, 1915 Pseudocryptothrips gradatus (Hood, 1925). Plesiothrips aberrans (Crawford JC, 1941). Pygothrips Hood, 1915 Plesiothrips amblycauda Hood, 1925 Pygothrips zeteki Plesiothrips brunneus Zeugmatothrips Priesner, 1925 Plesiothrips octarthrus Hood, 1925. *Zeugmatothrips hoodiHood, Priesner, 1934. 1927. Plesiothrips perplexus Hood(Beach, 1936. 1896). Zeugmatothrips priesneri Psectrothrips Psectrothrips interruptus (Hood, 1957). Hood, 1935. Psectrothrips palmerae Hood, 1937 Mound and Marullo, 1996. Adraneothrips Hood, 1925 Psectrothrips spadix (Hood, 1916). AdraneothripsPHLAEOTHRIPIDAE- albicollis Retanathrips Mound and Nickle, 2009 Adraneothrips alternatus Hood, 1925. *Retanathrips funestus (Hood, 1915). Adraneothrips bilineatus Hood, 1935. Retanathrips silvestris *Adraneothrips desocellatus Rhabdothrips Adraneothrips diligens Hood, 1935. Rhabdothrips albus (Hood, 1935). Adraneothrips fuscicollis Hood, (Priesner, 1925. 1933). Rhamphothrips Hood, 1933 *Adraneothrips tibialis Hood,(Hood, 1935. 1914). *Rhamphothrips pandensHood, 1933. *Adraneothrips uniformis Hood, 1925. Salpingothrips Karny, 1913 Aleurodothrips Salpingothrips minimus Sakimura, 1983. *Aleurodothrips fasciapennis Scirtidothrips Hood, Hood, 1954 1935 Androthrips Karny,Franklin, 1911 1909 *Scirtidothrips torquatus Hood, Hood, 1935. 1954. *Androthrips ramachandrai Karny, (Franklin, 1926. 1908). Scirtothrips Bamboosiella Ananthakrishnan, 1957 Scirtothrips manihoti (Bondar, 1924). Bamboosiella cingulata (Hood, 1919). *Scirtothrips oligochaetusShull, 1909 (Karny, 1927). Bradythrips Scirtothrips panamensis Bradythrips hesperus Trichromothrips Carathrips Hood and Williams, 1925 *Trichromothrips xanthius Hood, 1935. Carathrips delicatulus Hood and Williams 1925. Thrips Linnaeus, 1758 Priesner, 1930 Carathrips mediamericanus Hood, 1938 *Thrips orientalis (Bagnall, (Williams, 1915). 1917). Carathrips rufescens (Hood, (Hood, 1942) 1939). *Thrips palmi Karny, 1925. Chirothripoides Bagnall, 1915 (Hood, 1934). *Thrips pallicornis Hood, 1912. *Chirothripoides typicus Bagnall, 1915. *Thrips simplex Docessissophothrips Bagnall, 1908 *Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889. Docessissophothrips corticis (Hood, 1914). *Thrips trehernei(Morison, Priesner, 1930). 1927. Eupathithrips Bagnall, 1908 Eupathithrips affinis Bagnall, 1915. *Eupathithrips meizon Hood, 1955. Acallurothrips Bagnall, 1921 Eupathithrips silvestrii (Buffa, 1908). -IDOLOTHRIPINAEAcallurothrips brevicep Eurythrips Hinds, 1902 Acallurothrips brunneus Eurythrips ampliventralis Hinds, 1902. Acallurothrips conifer (Hood,s (Hood, 1925). 1934). *Eurythrips batesi Acallurothrips flavus (Hood, 1934). Eurythrips hookae Actinothrips Bagnall, 1909 Eurythrips modestus (Watson, (Bagnall, 1935). 1917). Actinothrips trichaetus (Hood, 1934). *Eurythrips tristis Hood,Hood, 1941.1934. Anactinothrips Bagnall, 1909 Eurythrips umbrisetis Anactinothrips gustaviae Hood, 1935. Gomphiothrips Anactinothrips nigricornis *Gomphiothrips mercedes Hood, Mound 1933. and Marullo, 1996. Azeugmatothrips Mound and Palmer, 1983. Gynaikothrips Zimmermann, Moulton, 1933 1900 Azeugmatothrips obrieni Hood, 1936. Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal, 1908) Compsothrips Mound and Palmer, 1983 *Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann, 1900). Compsothrips graminis (Johansen and García, 1980). Haplothrips Diceratothrips Reuter, Bagnall, 1901 1908 *Haplothrips gowdeyi Diceratothrips bicornis Bagnall,(Hood, 1936). 1908. Haplothrips graminis Amyot and Hood, Serville, 1912. 1843 Diceratothrips nigricauda (Hood, 1925). *Haplothrips saidi (Franklin, 1908). Diceratothrips picticornis Hood, 1914. Holopothrips Hood, 1914 Elaphrothrips Buffa, 1909 *Holopothrips inquilinus (Retana –Salazar and Soto Rodriguez, 2007).

(Bournier, 1993). 1235 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Holopothrips signatus Hood, 1914. Trachythrips Holopothrips tenuis Hood, 1914. Trachythrips albipes Holothrips Karny, 1911 Trachythrips deleoni Hood, 1930 Holothrips connaticornis (Hood, 1925). Trachythrips frontalis Hood, 1933. Holothrips ramuli Trichinothrips Bagnall, Hood, 1929 1933. Hoplandrothrips Hood, 1912 Trichinothrips panamensis Hood, 1933. *Hoplandrothrips affinis(Hood, Hood, 1934). 1915. Tropothrips Hood, 1949 Hoplandrothrips erythrinae Priesner, 1925. *Tropothrips nigripes Hood, 1935. *Hoplandrothrips flavipes Trybomia Karny, 1911 Hoplandrothrips nigricestus Trybomia intermedia (Bagnall,Stannard, 1910). 1954. *Hoplandrothrips jennei (Jones, Bagnall, 1912). 1923. Tylothrips Hoplandrothrips xanthopoides Hood, Bagnall, 1933. 1917. Tylothrips clavivestis Hoplothrips *Tylothrips osborniHood, 1937 (Hinds, 1902). Hoplothrips bradleyi Hood, 1950. Williamsiella Hood, (Hood,1925 1935). Hoplothrips graminis Amyot and Serville, 1843 Williamsiella bicoloripes Hood, 1925. Hoplothrips militaris Williamsiella breviceps (Hood, 1925). (Hood, 1934). Hoplothrips moultoni Williamsiella morgani (Hood, 1941). Hoplothrips occipitalis (Hood, 1934). Hoplothrips orbiceps (Hood, 1934). Hoplothrips tyrannus (Hood, 1934). Comments on species Hoplothrips zonatus (Hood,(Hood, 1914).1934). Karnyothrips (Hood, 1933). AEOLOTHRIPIDAE Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall, 1911). Watson, 1923 Karnyothrips merrilli Aeolothrips microstriatus Hood, 1935. Karnyothrips ochropezus This species is based on one male collected in Panama Leptothrips Hood, 1909 (Watson, 1920). Leptothrips vittipennis Hood, 1934. and cannot at present be placed satisfactorily into this Liothrips Uzel, 1895 Liothrips antennatus Hood, 1938. Liothrips araliae (Mound and Marullo 1996). Feeding associations: Priesner, 1933. et al. 2012) and Liothrips avocadis probably predatory on small insects . in flowers of trees. Liothrips barronis Hood, 1935. Mangifera indica Liothrips bispinosus Hood, 1935. We collected it in Chiapas (Mexico) (Rocha Liothrips cordiae Hood, 1936. FranklinothripsPanama in flowers vespiformis of (Crawford, 1909). Liothrips neosmerinthi Hood, Mound 1938. and Palmer, 1992. Hood, 1935. Liothrips penetralis humid areas of Panama. Liothrips sulcifrons Sampling data: 9 females collected in grasses in dried and Liothrips zeteki Hood, 1935. Macrophthalmothrips (Hood, Karny, 1936). 1922 *Stomatothrips flavus Hood, 1912. Macrophthalmothrips Hood, helenae1913. New records: Dos Bocas, grass, 5/IX/2007, 1 female. Macrophthalmothrips hemipteroides (Priesner, 1921). Hood, 1934. Macrophthalmothrips kiesteri Mound, 1987. HETEROTHRIPIDAE Metriothrips Metriothrips midas Neurothrips Hood, Hood, 1924 1936 *Heterothrips angusticeps Hood, 1954. Neurothrips williamsi Hood, Hood, 1936. 1925. New records: Barro Colorado Island, Anacardium excelsum, Pistillothrips Johansen, 1982 Anacardium excelsum, *Pistillothrips guadalupae Johansen, 1982. Hood, 1908 Plectrothrips 3/IV/1996, 6 females (Anacardiaceae). and 1 male; Plectrothrips latus Hood, 1941. Anacardium excelsum Pristothrips Hood, 1925 13/III/1995, 16 females and 3 males. Feeding associations: Pristothrips albipunctatus Hood, 1925. Heterothrips fimbriatus Hood, 1934. Pristothrips pollostus Mound and Marullo, 1996. This species was originally described from a single female Psalidothrips *Psalidothrips longistylus data: Tocumen, Cargo Airport, , Pygmaeothrips Priesner, Karny, 1920 1932 Byrsonima crassifolia Pygmaeothrips angusticepsOkajima, (Hood, 1908).1983. collected in Panama (Mound and Marullo 1996).Byrsonima Sampling Sedulothrips Bagnall, 1915 sp. (Malpighiaceae). Sedulothrips tristis 29/V/2009, 3 females. Feeding associations: Sedulothrips vigilans Hood, 1934. Heterothrips flavicornis Hood, 1915. Sophiothrips Mound and Marullo (1996) recorded this species in Sophiothrips panamensis (Hood, 1913). *Sophiothrips spadix Hood, Hood,1934 1954. Panama on Byrsonima Sophiothrips squamosus Hood, 1934. Byrsonima crassifolia. Stegothrips Byrsonima spp., (Malpighiaceae).flowers. Sampling data: 3 females Stegothrips barronis Hood, 1934. in flowers of Feeding associations: Stephanothrips Hood, 1934 Stephanothrips occidentalis Hood, 1934. Heterothrips flavitibia Moulton, 1932/flavicruris Strepterothrips Trybom, 1913 Hood, 1934. Strepterothrips conradi Hood and Williams, 1925. Both species cannot at present be distinguished Symphyothrips Hood, 1934 satisfactorily. Mound and Marullo (1996) stated that H. Hood, 1934. Symphyothrips punctatus flavicruris was described on a single female from Panama Karny, Hood 1925 and Williams, 1915 Terthrothrips and was described based on two females from *Terthrothrips gracilicornis Hood (Hood, and 1925). Williams, 1915. H. flavitibia

1236 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Byrsonima sp. and Hiraea Brazil.sp. (Malpighiaceae) Sampling data: and 73 Serjania females cornigera and 25 males have been Sampling data: 11 females and 3 males have been collected. collected. Feeding associations: Antón,Feeding grass, associations: 22/IV/2009, Fabaceae. 2 females Valle andde Antón, 1 male. Heterothrips minor Hood, 1915. (Sapindaceae). flowers, 22/IV/2009, 5 females and 2 males; Valle de Dinurothrips hookeri Hood, 1913. of Byrsonima crassifolia This species was described from Panama from the flowers and was collected in Costa Rica Sampling data: 3 females and 1 male have been collected. Byrsonima(Mound and sp. Marullo (Malpighiaceae). 1996). Sampling data: 28 females *ElixothripsFeeding associations: brevisetis Polyphagous. (Bagnall, 1919). and 2 males have been collected. Feeding associations: New records: University of Panama, grass, 19/IV/2009, 1 *Heterothrips prosopidis Crawford JC, 1943. New records: Hiraea grandifolia, 5/XII/1994, 1 female and 1 male; Chiriqui, Paso Canoas, Arachis pintoi, 05/ female. Feeding associations: Probably grasses (Poaceae) Hyraea sp. Islandsalthough (Mound there and are Marullo specimens 1996). in the USNM collection (Malpighiaceae). taken in quarantine on plants from Surinam and the Virgin VII/2010, 1 female. Feeding associations: *Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché, 1833). Heterothrips pubescens Hood, 1934. This species was described from Panama from Byrsonima associations: Polyphagous on a wide range of tree crops fromNew records:Citrus sp. 4 and females Persea have americana been collected. to Pinus Feeding sp. and found worldwide in temperate areas. associations:trees (Mound Byrsonima and Marullo sp, (Malpighiaceae). 1996). Sampling data: 37 females and 3 males have been collected. Feeding Hoodothrips brevipilus (Hood, 1928). *Heterothrips sericatus Hood, 1913. New records: Las Paredes, Bixa orellana grasses (Poaceae). Luehea seemannii, 2/III/1996, 5 Sampling data: 5 females. Feeding associations: Probably Miconia impetiolaris ,var. 31/XII/2007, pandurifolia 1, *Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901). female;21/IV/1996, Pipe 1Road male. Line: New records: we have collected 11 females on dried leaves females and 3 males; *Heterothrips striatus Moulton, 1932. crops including Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Theobroma cacao Inga sp., 26/I/1996, 11 of plants. FeedingAnacardium associations: occidentale Probably (Anacardiaceae) a pest of tree females; Luehea seemannii, 2/III/1996, 1 female. and Eucalyptus tree leaves (Mound and Marullo 1996). New records: Pipe Road Line: (Sterculiaceae), *Heterothrips sp 1 THRIPIDAE-DENDROTHRIPINAE

Byrsonima crassifolia Valle de Antón, 22/IV/2009. Leucothrips theobromae (Priesner, 1923). New records: 14 females and 7 males in flowers of Collected on Cochlospermum vitifolium young leaves *Heterothrips sp.2 Byrsonima Yeguada, Tabebuia chrysostricha, 14/II/2010, 1 female. crassifolia, Valle de Antón, 21/IV/2009. (Mound and Marullo 1996). Sampling data:Cochlospermum Veraguas, La New records: 7 females and 4 males in flowers of vitifolium (Cochlospermaceae) in Panama and young THRIPIDAE-PANCHAETOTHRIPINAE leavesFeeding of associations:Ricinus Young leaves of and Marullo 1996). *Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande, 1895). (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica (Mound THRIPIDAE-SERICOTHRIPINAE

New records: Valle de Antón, Fabaceae flower, 22/IV/2009, *Hydatothrips guanacastei Mound and Marullo, 1996. is2 females; sometimes Loma recorded Linda, grass,as a pest 31/VIII/2007, of crops 1 including female. This species was described from a single female in Costa beans.Feeding associations: It is a polyphagous species and Ocimum sp., Caliothrips insularis (Hood, 1928). Rica (Mound and Marullo 1996). Here, it is recorded from MarulloPanama collected for the first the time:holotype, Sora, (one Manglarito, female), on leaves of Acacia20/VI/2009, 4 females. Feeding associations:Ocimum Mound leaves and (Poaceae).Sampling data: 2 females and 1 male in grass in the dry (Lamiaceae). province of Central Panama. Feeding associations: Grasses sp. in Costa Rica. We have found in Caliothrips nanus (Hood, 1928). Hydatothrips sternalis (Hood, 1935). Collected in Gamboa in Macuna leaves and in Barro L.A. Mound collected 8 females and 1 male in Barro Colorado Island in leaves of Arrabidea verrucosa (Mound

Glyciridia sepium andColorado Marullo Island (1996) (Panama). collected Sampling 8 females data: and54 females 1 male and on and Marullo 1996). Sampling data: 18 females and 1 male. apical1 male leaveshave been of Acalyphacollected. Feeding diversifolia associations: (Euphorbiaceae) Mound CaliothripsFeeding associations: phaseoli (Hood, 1912). (Fabaceae).

in Panama. We have found both sexes in dried leaves1237 of Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Conostegia sp and Clidemia sp. ( ). Arorathrips mexicanus (Crawford DL, 1909).

*Neohydatothrips gracilipes (Hood, 1924). associations: Grasses, (Poaceae). New records: Valle de Antón, Cucumis melo, 22/IV/2009, 1 We collected 3 females and one male in grasses. Feeding Arorathrips xanthius (Hood, 1934). collected 20 females from Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) in Described from a single female taken in Panama (Mound female. Feeding associations: Mound and Marullo (1996)

NeohydatothripsCosta Rica. inversus (Hood, 1928). and Marullo 1996). We collected 15 females and 20 males Collected by Hood in Barro Colorado Island under the Baileyothripsin grasses. Feeding limbatus associations: (Hood, 1935).Grasses (Poaceae). name N. geminus Twenty three females and 5 males were collected on Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (Euphorbiaceae) in Barro associations: Mound (Mound and and Marullo Marullo (1996) 1996). studied Sampling 41 femalesdata: 5 females and 16 and males 1 male on have Coursetia been collected. arborea Feeding leaves Euphorbiaceae.Colorado Island (Mound and Marullo 1996). We leaves of Andira inermis collected 18 females and 9 males. Feeding associations: have(Fabaceae) found isolated in Trinidad females and in 4 dried females leaves and of grasses. 4 males on *Bolacothrips striatopennatus (Schmutz, 1913). (Fabaceae) in Puerto Rico. We et al. (2008) recorded this genus for Cuba. New *Neohydatothrips signifer (Priesner, 1932). New records: El Valle, Corotu, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Suris record: Chitré, grasses, 21/VIII/2010 1 female and 2 Marullo (1996) collected both sexes and larvae in leaves *Bravothripsmales. Feeding tibialis associations: (Crawford Grasses, JC, 1948). (Poaceae). of17/VI/2009, Brickellia argyrolepsis 1 female. Feeding (Astearaceae), associations: and 10 Mound females and on Rosa sp., 12/VI/2008, 1 female; leaves of Wigandia urens (Asteraceae). Rosa spp., 17/IV/2010, 1 female; New records: Chiriquí,, Brugmansia arborea, 18/IV/2010, *Neohydatothrips williamsi (Hood, 1928). Boquete, Chiriquí, New records: El Valle, Manihot esculenta, 17/VI/2009, Chiriquí, CerroDatura Punta, Brugmansia, Solanum). 1 female; Porto Bello, Manihot esculenta 1 female. Feeding associations: Probably species of *BregmatothripsSolanaceae ( venustus Hood, 1912. known only from the holotype female which, 23/06/2009, was collected 1 onfemale. the Virgin Feeding Islands associations: (Mound and Unknown. Marullo 1996). The species is associations: Probably grasses, (Poaceae). We have collected 22 females and 15 males. Feeding THRIPIDAE-THRIPINAE Caprithrips insularis Beshear, 1975. One female collected by L.A. Mound in Barro Colorado *Anaphothrips obscurus (Müller, 1776). Island from Axonopus (Poaceae) and 1 female at base of Cucumis sativa, 2007, 1

New records: Panama West area, grasses (Mound and Marullo 1996). Sampling data: 2 *Anaphothripsfemale. Feeding sudanensisassociations: Trybom, Grasses, 1911.(Poaceae). *Chaetanaphothripsfemales. Feeding associations: leeuweni Grasses, (Karny, (Poaceae). 1914). New records: 11 females have been collected mainly in Capsicum sp., 17/ IX/2007, 1 female; Veraguas, La Yeguada, Tabebuia worldwide pest of cereal crops in tropical and subtropical chrysostrichaNew records:, 14/II/2010, Santa Fé de 1 Veraguas,female. areas.grasses. Feeding associations: Grasses, (Poaceae), it is a Associated with damage to bananas (Bhatti 1980). Feeding associations: Anaphothrips sp. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907). Barro Colorado Island: Gustavia superba, 1/V/96, 1 female. and Musaceae. *Aptinothrips rufus Haliday, 1836. Sampling data: 1 male. Feeding associations: Orchidaceae New records: Cerro Punta, Brassica campestris, 24/V/2009, Chaetanaphothrips signipennis (Bagnall, 1914).

Musaceae. *Arorathrips1 female. Feeding crassiscelis associations: (zur Grasses,Strassen, (Poaceae). 1967). Sampling data: 2 females and 2 males. Feeding associations: New records: Palmas Bellas, Vigna sp., 24/VI/2009, 1 *Chaetisothrips gardeniae (Crawford JC, 1945). Celosia argentea, 20/VI/2009, 2 females and 9 males; Tocumen, Anacardium occidentale, *Arorathripsfemale. Feeding fulvus associations: (Moulton, Grasses, 1936). (Poaceae). New records: Altos de María, Baltimora recta, (Hamelia sp. and Randia sp.) and Amaranthaceae (Celosia 11/VII/2008, 1 female; INA, Divisa, Eleusine indica, sp.).7/IV/1996, 1 female. Feeding associations: Rubiaceae New9/III/2007, records: 2 Capira, females; Western Comayaguas, Panama, Cucumis melo, Chaetisothrips striatus (Hood, 1935). Grasses, (Poaceae). 29/X/2009, 2 females and 1 male. Feeding associations: Sakimura (1967; 1969) recorded this species from Panama 1238 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama and Honduras and L.A. Mound collected in Panama Frankliniella brunnea Priesner, 1932. City from Cassia moschata (Mound and Marullo 1996).

inSampling Chrysanthemum data: 508 sp., females Helianthus and 164 annus males., Tagetes Feeding sp., CoremothripsSampling data: pallidus1 female. Hood, Feeding 1925. associations: Unknown Tridaxassociations: procumbens We have collected females and males This species was described from Panama and was collected (Psychotria sp.) and Convolvulaceae (Maripa spp.) on Cochlospermum vitifolium leaves near Gamboa by L.A. (Compositae) and in some Rubiaceae Frankliniella cephalica (Crawford DL, 1910). Unknown. Mound (Mound and Marullo 1996). Feeding associations: the mainland countries between Mexico and Colombia Corynothrips stenopterus Williams, 1913. (MoundWidespread and Marullo in the Caribbean1996). as well as from most of Manihot esculenta. associations: This small thrips is one of the most Sampling data: 12 females. Feeding associations: Sampling data: 1240 females and 359 males. Feeding Dendrothripoides innoxius (Karny, 1914). Caribbean. It has been recorded from a wide range of ubiquitous and widespread flower-living species in the associations: Leaves of Ipomoea sp. (Mound and Marullo and Honduras (Goldarazena unpublished data). Mound 1996).Sampling data: 13 females and 4 males. Feeding flowers in Panama, Chiapas (Mexico), DominicanMangifera Republic indica (Anacardiaceae) and Ligustrum arboreum *Dichromothrips orchidis Priesner, 1932. and Marullo found both sexes in flowers of New records: Loma Linda, Orchidaceae (Vanda Clibadium surinamense, Melanthera aspera and trilobata(Oleaceae) (Compositae), in Costa Rica. WeMimosa have found pudica both sexes in sp.), 31/ Cochlospermum vitifolium (Cochlospermaceae), Dioclea *EchinothripsVIII/2007, 120 americanusfemales. Feeding Morgan, associations: 1913. Orchidaceae. panamensis (Boraginaceae) and Lagerstroemia (Fabaceae), speciosa Dianthus caryophyllus (Lythraceae).

New records: Riba Smith, , 31/ *Frankliniella chamulae Johansen, 1981. VIII/2007, females and 1 male; Cerro Azul, 30/VIII/2007, New record: Valle de Antón, Asteraceae, 22/IV/2009, 1 inAsteraceae Euphorbiaceae flowers (Euphorbia 1 male. Feeding pulcherrima associations:), and Impatiens It is a pestsp. (Balsaminaceae). in temperate areas. In the United States it is common *Frankliniellafemale. Feeding cotobrusensis associations: Unknown. Retana and Mound, 1995. *Frankliniella altura Mound and Marullo, 1996. Amaranthus spinosus, 1/VIII/2008, 1 female. We have found 32 females. Feeding associations: Unknown. NewMarullo records: (1996) El Valle collected de Antón, males Coclé, and females in Acalypha Collected at montane sites in Panama. Retana and Mound Feeding associations: Mound and Frankliniella(1995) collected curiosa at two Priesner, montane 1932. sites in Costa Rica.

Frankliniellaleaves (Euphorbiaceae) borinquen in Hood, Costa 1942.Rica. haveSampling found data: females 9 females and and males 3 males. in Feeding Serjania associations: cornigera associations: we have collected females and males in This species was originallyVernonia arborescens described from(Compositae). Mexico. We MangiferaSampling data: indica 578 (Anacardiaceae), females and 33Miconia males. argentea Feeding, Miconia impetiolaris (Melastomataceae) and Tithonia *Frankliniella(Sapindaceae) andcurta Hood, 1942. diversifolia (Asteraceae). associations: apparently widespread in a variety of Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937. We have collected 15 females and 1 male. Feeding repeatedly in Heterocondylus vitalbae associations: Mound and Marullo collected females and flowers of the Compositae. Accordingly, we have found it Sampling data: 24 Zea females mays and 4 males. Feeding *Frankliniella desmodii Mound and flowers.Marullo, 1996. Zea mays (Poaceae) and other speciesmales in of flowersgrasses. of in Costa Rica. We have associations: Mound and Marullo found both sexes in collected in flowers of leavesWe have of Desmodium collected 67 intortum females and 12 males. Feeding *Frankliniella breviseta Moulton, 1948. Inga goldmanii New record: Barro Colorado Island, Inga umbellifera Vernonanthura patens (Fabaceae) (Astearaceae) in Costa Rica. and WeAnacardium have found occidentale females (Anacardiaceae). and males in , 3 (Fabaceae), *Frankliniellafemales. Feeding bruneri associations: Watson, Unknown. 1926. *Frankliniella distinguenda Bagnall, 1919.

We have collectedBrunfelsia 185 pauciflora females and 22 males.Cucurbita Feeding ofWe Carica have collected papaya (Caricaeae), 115 females Odontadenia and 28 males. macrantha Feeding pepoassociations: (Cucurbitaceae) We have found and Tabebuia females and chrysostricha males in associations:(Apocynaceae) We, Clibadium have collected surinamense both sexes and in Vernonia flowers (Bignoniaceae).flowers of (Solanaceae), canescens (Compositae).

1239 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Frankliniella diversa Hood, 1935. Marullo (1996) recorded Ipomoea Laetia thamnia, flowers and leaves Sampling data: Barro Colorado Island: *Frankliniella(Convolvulaceae) hansoni as a host Ratana plant andin Costa Mound, Rica. 1995. specimen25/V/1995, from 1 female.Panama Feeding and posteriorly associations: a second Unknown. female New record: Vernonia arborescens, 7/IV/1996, 1 female. This species was described by Hood (1935) on a unique Castillia elastica (Moraceae) in and Marullo 1996). was collected in Costa Rica (Mound and Marullo 1996). Feeding associations: Compositae in Costa Rica (Mound Recorded as a pollinator of Frankliniella insularis (Franklin, 1908). *FrankliniellaPanama (Sakai fallaciosa2001). Priesner, 1933. This thrips is widespread throughout Central America Helicteres guazumaefolia, and common in Panama (Mound and Marullo 1996).

Newfrom records: Mexico, Mound Pipe Road and Line: Marullo (1996) collected both 20/IV/1995, 1 female.Vaccinium Feeding consanguineum associations: (Ericaeae) Described in cropsSampling such data: Pachyrhizus 2189 females and Cajanus and 853 and males. very common Feeding Panama. associations: It is a Malvaviscusminor pest in the flower of leguminous sexes in flowers of Frankliniella floydandrei Sakimura and O’Neill, 1979. in redCajanus flowers cajan of inLagerstroemia Costa Rica and speciosa Brazil Only the holotype female of this species collected near (Mound(Lythraceae) and , Marullo Phryganocydia 1996). We corymbosa, have found Arrabidaea both sexes the Panama Canal is known (Mound and Marullo 1996). candicans, Ceratophytum (Fabaceae), tetragonolobum (Bignoniaceae), Miconia nervosa, Maripa panamensis (Convolvulaceae), Tabernaemontana arborea (Apocynaceae), Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae), Sampling data: Barro Colorado Island: Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae). *Frankliniella23/X/95, 1 female. fulvipennis Feeding Moulton,associations: 1933. Unknown. Frankliniella invasor Sakimura, 1972. associations: Mound and Marullo recorded Megaskepasma This species was collected from Schawartzia simplex and We have collected 282 females and 56 males. Feeding Pseudobombax Cochlospermum vitifoliumsp. (Acanthaceae) (Cochlospermaceae) as a breeding, Helicteresplant for this guazumaefolia species. We flowers in Barro Colorado Island (Mound have found females, Conostegia and males speciosa in flowers (Melastomataceae) of , onand Acacia Marullo glauca 1996). Sampling data: 570 females and 83 Mucuna mutisiana , Tridax procumbens males. Feeding associations: This species Pseudobombax was described (Compositae)(Sterculiaceae), Rhynchospora cephalotes (Cyperaceae). (Bombaceae) in flowers Panama from and Hawaii. in Allophylus Mound and occidentalis Marullo (Fabaceae) (1996) recorded both sexes in flowers of *Frankliniella fulvipes Bagnall, 1919. and males in Pseudobombax septenatum, Jacaranda copaia(Sapindaceae), Tabebuia in rosea Costa (Bignoniaceae), Rica. We have Mangifera found females indica (Anacardiaceae) and Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae). haveWe have found found both 114 sexes females in Solanum and hayesii 143 males. Feeding Ingaassociations: goldmanii Solanaceae (MoundTridax and Marullo procumbens 1996). andWe *Frankliniella kelliae Sakimura, 1981. Heterocondylus vitalbae (Compositae). (Solanaceae), New records: University of Panama, Mangifera indica, 19/ (Fabaceae), IV/2009, 4 females; University of Panama, Lagustroemia *Frankliniella fusca (Hinds, 1902). sp., 19/IV/2009, 5 females; Valle de Antón, Cucumis melo, New record: Barro Colorado Island, Mangifera indica, 25/ 22/IV/2009 1 female; Tumba muerto, Tabebuia rosea 21/

FrankliniellaXI/1995, 2 females. gardeniae Feeding Moulton, associations: 1948. Solanaceae. IV/2009, 2 females. Feeding associations: Described from haveJamaica, only this found species females is widespread in Panama. on various flowers in Arrabidaea verrucosa the northern Caribbean (Mound and Marullo 1996). We Sevenand 4 females females and on 3 Pseudobombaxmales were collected (Mound by L.A. and Mound Marullo in *Frankliniella kiesteri Retana and Mound, 1995. Barro Colorado Island in flowers of canopy trees, 20/IV/2005 11 females and 1 male; Barro Mexico,1996). Sampling it is one data: of the 636 most females common and 64 yellow-bodied males have ColoradoNew records: Island, ParqueMiconia Metropolitano, lonchophylla, 25/V/1995, flowers from 1 been collected. Feeding associations: Described from Jacaranda caucana, 20/IV/1995, in many habitats and at a wide range of altitudes. Males 9 females and 20 males; Croton billbergianus, 5/V/1995, andflower-living females were species collected in Panama. in Dioclea It has wilsonii, been collected Dioclea 7female; males; Pipe Miconia Road impetiolaris Line: var. pandurifolia, 5/V/1996, guaianensis (Boraginaceae), Cydista aequinoctialis, Miconia argentea, 05/IX/2009, 1 Jacaranda copaia (Bignoniaceae), Vernonia patens (Compositae), Pseudobombax septenatum (Bombaceae), Jacaranda3 females; caucana Arraijan, (Bignoniaceae). Maripa panamensis (Convolvulaceae), Miconia impetiolaris female. Feeding associations: We have found both sexes in (Melastomataceae) Frankliniella minuta (Moulton, 1907).

*Frankliniella gossypiana Hood, 1936. Heterocondylus vitalbae, Widespread in Central America (Mound and Marullo 1996), it is usually a montane species, living in the flowers New record: Pipe Road Line: of various Compositae. Sampling data: 14 females and 3 21/IV/1996, 1 female. Feeding associations: Mound and males in montane areas. Feeding associations: We have1240 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama found isolated specimens in Compositae plants.

*Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895). (1996) recordedConostegia the flowers speciosa,of Melastomataceae Aciotis rostellata, species Topobeaas a potential parasitica host. We (Melastomataceae) have found females, Pseudobombax and males septenatumin flowers (Bombaceae) of , Sauvagesia erecta (Ochnaceae), populationsWe have collected can exhibit 348 females a considerable and 49 males degree in different of host Anemopaegma orbiculatum (Bignoniaceae). crops throughout Panama. Feeding associations: Some to be highly polyphagous. In Panama it is very abundant in *Frankliniella vargasi Retana and Mound, 1995. variousspecificity, crops although in Chiriqui the speciesProvince. as a whole is considered

Frankliniella panamensis Hood, 1925. statedWe have that collected this species 122 isfemales only known and 16 from males a single throughout female Panama. Feeding associations: Mound and Marullo (1996) Clibadium surinamense and Tridax procumbens hasSampling never been data: collected 153 females from any and particular 20 males plant in montane in large (Compositae).collected in Panama. We have collected both sexes in numbers,areas. Feeding although associations: isolated individuals Unfortunately, have this been species taken flowers of *Frankliniella varipes Moulton, 1933. bothfrom sexesflowers in inmontane Costa Rica areas quite of Chiriqui commonly, Province, particularly close toin montane areas (Mound andSechium Marullo edule 1996). (Compositae). We have found MarulloWe have (1996) collected collected four females isolated in females the montane from Miconia areas longifoliaof Chiriqui, Impatiens province. Feeding balsamina associations: (Balsaminaceae) Mound and *FrankliniellaBaru volcano in parvula flowers Hood,of 1925. Eschweilera

(Lecythidaceae) flowers in Costa Rica. New records: 803 females andBixa 307 orellana males. (Bixaceae) Feeding *FrankliniellaUnfortunately we williamsi did not Hood,find both 1915. sexes in Panama. andassociations: Eugenia In braziliensis Costa Rica, (Myrtaceae) adults have andbeen intaken Theobroma in large cacaonumbers from the flowers of found both sexes in Solanum hayesii, Brunfelsia pauciflora ZeaNew maysrecords: and 314 commonly females foundand 64 on males fresh in greendifferent leaves crops of (Sterculiaceae), Maripa (Mound panamensis and Marullo (Convolvulaceae) 1996). We have, throughout Panama. Feeding associations: Restricted to Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae), Cydista aequinoctialis have also collected both sexes in grasses and young leaves (Solanaceae)(Bignoniaceae), Tibouchina longifolia (Melastomataceae), ofyoung water plants and honeyof this melon crop (Mound plants. and Marullo 1996). We Musa spp. (Musaceae), Celosia argentea (Amaranthaceae). Frankliniella zeteki Hood, 1925. Frankliniella pulchella Hood, 1935. Maripa Ten females and 6 males collected in Barro Colorado panamensis, 1 female; Clibadium surinamense, 1 male. Island from Arrabidaea verrucosa Sampling data. Barro Colorado Island, 3/IV/1996, from Cydista aequinoctalis both sexes in Miconia Phryganocydia corymbosa by L.A., Mound 3 females and and 6 females 1 male Feeding associations: Mound and Marullo (1996) collected and 6 males from Clitoria, 2 javitensis females and 3 males from *Frankliniella zurqui flowers Retana (Melastomataceae). and Mound, 1995.

flowers in Bohio associations: This species is known from a single series of sexes(Mound in and Vismia Marullo baccifera 1996). (Clusiaceae) Sampling , data: Clitoria 238 javitensis females We have collected 21 females and 1 male.Polygonum Feeding and 135 males., Mouriri Feeding myrtilloidesassociations: We (Melastomataceae) have found both, Clibadium surinamense (Asteraceae), Guazuma ofspecimens Melastomataceae collected in (CostaMiconia Rica) Bignoniaceaeon flowers of (Cydista), ulmifolia(Fabaceae) , Paragonia pyramidata, Cydista Apocynaceae(Polygonaceae). (Tabernaemontana) We have collected and Compositae females in ( flowersTridax, aequinoctialis, Ceratophytum tetragonolobum, Pachyptera Clibadium). kerere, Pleonotoma (Sterculiaceae) variabilis (Bignoniaceae). Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford DL, 1910). *Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910). Cucumis citrullus, 22/IV/2009, 1 female. Sampling data: 829 females and 82 males have been America.New record: It hasCoclé, been seen in large numbers in southern collected. Feeding associations: WidespreadTridax in procumbens the tropics, Feeding associations: It is a common species in South andWedelia abundant trilobata in , flowersChrysanthemum of various sp. ruderal (Compositae). Compositae. and Gladiolus (Mound and Marullo 1996). We have found females and males in Brazil on cultivated flower crops such as Chrysanthemum Plesiothrips aberrans (Crawford JC, 1941). *Frankliniella spinosissima Johansen and Mojica- Guzman, 1989. New record: Valle de Antón, Compositae, 22/IV/2009, 1 Gramineae.Sampling data: 2 females and 1 male have been collected. Feeding associations: This species presumably lives on Plesiothrips brunneus Hood 1936. Frankliniellafemale. Feeding standleyana associations: Hood, Unknown. 1935.

Sampling data: Parque Metropolitano, Panama City, 6/ Sampling data: 158 females and 96 males have been IX/2007, 1 female; El Valle, grass, 23/VIII/2007, 1 female. collected. Feeding associations: Mound and Marullo Feeding associations: This species presumably lives 1241 on Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Poaceae. Scirtothrips panamensis Hood, 1935.

Psectrothrips interruptus (Hood, 1957). Manihot esculenta. Collected in Panama by L.A.Mound (Palmer and Mound Sampling data: 38 females and 13 males have been 1985). Origanum *Trichromothripscollected. Feeding associations: xanthius (Williams, 1917). vulgare associations:Sampling Mound data: and Marullo Sora, Manglarito,(1996) collected a few associations: Cattleya sp.; Cypripedium sp.; Laelia sp.; males from, 20/VI/2009, Xylophragma 11 females and 13 males. Feeding OdontoglossumWe have collected sp. (Orchidaceae). 6 females This on species grasses. is taken Feeding in

flowers (Bignoniaceae) in Costa collected in grasses (Poaceae). PsectrothripsRica. palmerae Mound and Marullo, 1996. greenhouses around the world (Nakahara 1993). We have *Thrips orientalis (Bagnall, 1915). associations: Mound and Marullo (1996) collected 1 femaleSampling from data: Cassia 161 moschata females and and 4 females 38 males. from Tabebuia Feeding pentaphylla andWe have Marullo collected (1996) 4 femalesstated Gardenia and 5 males in the quarantine found both sexes in Jacaranda copaia, Cydista aequinoctialis inarea the of oriental the Panama region Canal. and Jasminum Feeding associations: Mound (Bignoniaceae) flowers and in in Barro Ceratophytum Colorado Island. tetragonolobum We have flowers as hostJasminum plant (Ceratophyllaceae). sp. (Oleaceae). in Florida and the Virgin Islands. We have collected both sexes in Psectrothrips spadix (Hood, 1916). *Thrips palmi Karny, 1925. New records: 11 females and 47 males have been collected.

Sampling data: Penonomé, Malvaceae, 22/IX/2007, 3 now a widespread and serious crop pest throughout the *Retanathripsfemales and 1 male. funestus Feeding (Hood, associations: 1915). Unknown. Feeding associations: This polyphagous Oriental species is sexes in Cucurbitaceae and associated weeds (Amaranthus associations: According to our collections, (males and spp.)Caribbean and in from Zea Floridamays. to Venezuela. We have found both females)We have collected probably 124 phytophagous females and on 20 males. tropical Feeding trees *Thrips pallicornis Hood, 1912. New records: Valle de Antón, grass, 22/IV/2009, 5 females. Retanathrips(Tiliaceae, Maranthaceae, silvestris (Hood, Rubiaceae 1935). and Bignoniaceae). probably lives on the leaves of forest trees (Mound and *ThripsFeeding associations:simplex (Morison, Unknown. 1930). MarulloSampling 1996). data: 2 females. Feeding associations: Unknown,

*Rhamphothrips pandens Sakimura, 1983. ThisWe have species collected is a pest18 females of cultivated and 1 maleGladiolus in ornamental, although populationsflowers of can Chiriqui also be Province. found on other Feeding Liliaceae. associations: Mound is known of their biology, although they are probably all We have collected 9 females. Feeding associations: Little Neomarica gracilis females in plants belonging to different botanic families Hippeastrumand Marullo (Amaryllidaceae). (1996) collected both sexes in flowers of asleaf-feeding Melastomataceae (Mound and (Conostegia Marullo sp.) 1996). and We Bignoniaceae have found (Iridaceae). We have found females in (Arrabidea sp., and Adenocalymma inundatum). *Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889. New records: 80 females have been collected in different Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935. also a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus, but at times it is probablycrops. Feeding also predatory associations: on suitable It is highly small polyphagous sized and is leavesSampling of data: legumes 7 females (Mound and and3 males Marullo have been 1996). collected. Mound (Mound and Teulon 1994). andFeeding Marullo associations: (1996) found These females species and probably males livein Macuna on the *Thrips trehernei Priesner, 1927. New records: Boquete, Alto Chiquero, Agapanthus *Scirtidothripsflowers in Costa torquatusRica. Hood, 1954. africanus New records: Valle de Antón, Impatiens walleriana, 22/ This species is common in white (Cruciferae) and yellow IV/2009, 1 female; Arraijan, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, 5/ , 10/III/2009, 16 females. Feeding associations: a good population of females in Agapanthus (Alliaceae). Enterolobium cyclocarpum flowers (Asteraceae) in Europe. In Panama we have found IX/2009, 6 females and 1 male. Feeding associations: we PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE- found both sexes in flowers of *Scirtothrips(Fabaceae). oligochaetus (Karny, 1927). Diceratothrips bicornis Bagnall, 1908. New records: Boquete, Rosa spp., 10/III/2009, 2 females. been collected. (1996) recorded two females collected on Dioscorea alata Sampling data: 9 females and 5 males in dead leaves have Feeding(Dioscoreaceae) associations: in Barbados. Unknown. Mound and Marullo Elaphrothrips affinis (Bagnall, 1908).

1242 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

New records: Altos de Pacora, Cerro Azul, 20/VIII/2006, leaves. Sampling data: 11 males have been collected in dead Cajanus cajan, 22/ *Elaphrothrips dampfi Hood, 1940. 2IX/2007, females 1 andfemale 1 male; and 2 Cerro males. azul, 3/VIII/2007 1 female and 1 male; Penonomé, dead leaves of II/2009, 8 females and 4 males. *Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin, 1908). New records: Altos de Cristo, Darién, dead leaves, 15/ *Elaphrothrips foveicollis (Bagnall, 1908). New records: Gamboa, dead leaves, 24/IV/2009, 2 females New records: University of Panamá, grass, 19/IV/09, 1 and 7 males. male. Feeding associations: Predator of scale insects and *Androthripswhitefly immature ramachandrai stages (Palmer Karny, and 1926. Mound 1991). *Elaphrothrips laevicollis (Bagnall, 1910). New records: 12 females and 5 males have been collected inside false galls of Gynaikothrips uzeli in Ficus benjamina different provinces of Panama. We have collected 15 males and 7 females in dead leaves in assumed to be predacious, and it is associated with gall- Ethirothrips angusticornis (Bagnall, 1924). inducingthroughout thrips Panama. (Mound Feeding 2009). association: This species female and 1 male. Bamboosiella cingulata (Hood, 1919). Sampling data: Tocumen, dried leaves, 10/VII/1986, 1 Gastrothrips anolis Morgan, 1925. female; Valle de Antón, grasses, 22/IV/2009, 2 females; Sampling data: Escleré, Soná, Veraguas, 21/V/2008 1 2 females and 1 male. Sampling data: Santa Fé de Darién, dried grass, 7/IX/2007, deadLoma grasses. Linda, dried grasses, 31/VIII/2007, 3 females. Nesothrips lativentris (Karny, 1913). Feeding associations: Probably feeds on fungal hyphae of Carathrips delicatulus (Hood, 1939).

Sampling data: 75 females and 27 malesPolyporus have fungi been VIII/2007 1 male. associatedcollected inwith dried a dead plants tree trunk. throughout Panama. Fungal Sampling data: Camino del Valle, dead Asteraceae, 23/ associations: We have found both sexes on Carathrips mediamericanus (Hood, 1934). Pseudocryptothrips gradatus (Hood, 1925). in different provinces of Panama. female. Sampling data: we have collected 4 females on dead leaves Sampling data: El Valle, dried grasses, 23/VIII/2007, 1 *Chirothripoides typicus Bagnall, 1915. *Zeugmatothrips hoodi Priesner, 1927. New records: Parque Metropolitano, Panama City, dried leaves of Tithonia, 1 female. Mound and Marullo (1996) of Musa Metropolitano,New records: LasPanama Paredes City, de 1 female Ocú, Herrera, and 2 males dead in leaves dead leaves. sp., 31/XII/2007 4 females and 3 males; Parque Docessissophothripsrecorded this species oncorticis dead twigs(Hood, in 1914).Costa Rica.

Zeugmatothrips priesneri Hood, 1935. VIII/2007, 1 male. Sampling data: Parque de la Soberanía, dead leaves, 26/ *Eupathithrips meizon Hood, 1955. ofSampling Tithonia data:, 26/VIII/2007, Parque Metropolitano, 1 female. Panama City, 6/ IX/2007 4 females and 1 male; La Soberanía, dead leaves VIII/2008, 1 female. PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE-PHLAEOTHRIPINAE New records: Los Planes Chiriquí, dried cucumber, 13/ Eurythrips ampliventralis Hinds, 1902. Adraneothrips alternatus Hood, 1925. Acalypha macrostachya, 7/ IV/1996, 1 female. collected in dried leaves. Sampling data: Pipe Road Line: Sampling data: 99 females and 37 males have been *Eurythrips batesi (Watson, 1935). *Adraneothrips desocellatus (Priesner, 1933). New records: Parque metropolitano, dried leaves of Bambusa sp., 6/IX/2007, 1 female. New*Eurythrips records: tristis El Valle, Hood, dead 1941. wood 23/VIII/2007, 1 female. New records: Las Paredes, dried leaves of Amaranthus Adraneothrips diligens Hood, 1935. spinosus, 27/XII/2007, 2 females. dried grasses. *Gomphiothrips mercedes Mound and Marullo, 1996. Sampling data: we have collected 9 females and 3 males in *Adraneothrips tibialis (Hood, 1914). of Lagerstroemia AcalyphaNew records: macrostachya University, 22/III/1995, of Panama, Panama 1 female. City, Flowers , 19/IV/2009, 3 females; Pipe Road Line: *AdraneothripsNew records: Las uniformis Paredes, 30/12/2007 Hood, 1925. 1 female. *Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann, 1900).

1243 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

New records: 2450 females and 897 males have been females. Ficus benjamina. Hoplothrips moultoni (Hood, 1934). collected throughout Panama. Feeding association: *Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908). female. New records: 111 females and 1 male have been collected Sampling data: Ipeti, Darién, leaf litter, 1/VI/2003, 1 Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall, 1911). havethroughout found bothPanama. sexes Feeding in Wedelia associations: trilobata (Compositae).It is one of the most common Compositae flower-thrips in Panama. We KarnyothripsSampling data: merrilli Alanje, dried (Watson, grass, 1920). 29/VIII/2007, 1 female. Haplothrips graminis Hood, 1912. collected, mostly in grasses. Sampling data: 25 females and 17 males have been Sampling data: 95 females and 29 males have been Karnyothrips ochropezus Hood, 1934. *Haplothripscollected. Feeding saidi associations: (Retana grasses –Salazar and Soto Rodriguez, 2007). collected in dried grasses. Sampling data: 30 females and 21 males have been Leptothrips vittipennis Hood, 1938. New records: 39 females and 28 males have been collected *Holopothripsthroughout Panama. inquilinus Feeding (Bournier, associations: 1993). grasses. throughout Panama. New records: Cerro azul, Lantana camara Sampling data: 19 females and 9 males in different plants 1 female. Liothrips zeteki Hood, 1913. , 30/VIII/2007, Holopothrips signatus Hood, 1914. in different provinces of Panama. Sampling data: 9 females and 1 male have been collected Macrophthalmothrips hemipteroides (Priesner, 1921). sexesSampling in leaves data: ofwe Acalypha have collected macrostachya 5 females (Euphorbiaceae) and 3 males in Pipe Road Line. Feeding associations: We have found both in Darien Province. *Hoplandrothrips affinis Hood, 1915. Sampling data: we have collected 2 females on dead leaves Zea mays, 7/IX/2007, 1 male. Metriothrips midas Hood, 1936.

HoplandrothripsNew records: Tortí, erythrinae dried Priesner, 1925. female. Sampling data: Valle de Antón, grass, 22/IV/2009, 1 collected in dead leaves. *Pistillothrips guadalupae Johansen, 1982. *HoplandrothripsSampling data: 29flavipes females and 18 males have been Luehea seemanni, 2/ New records: Guarumel, dead leaves of Mangifera indica, III/2006, 1 male. Bagnall, 1923. New records: Pipe Road Line, *Psalidothrips longistylus Okajima, 1983. dried29/VIII/2007 leaves of grasses, 2 males; 2/IX/2007, Escuela 1 Emberá, female. Darién, 7/ New records: Parque Metropolitano, dried leaves, 6/ IX/2007, 4 females and 1 male; Santiago, Hotel Piramidal, IX/2007 1 female and 2 males. Hoplandrothrips nigricestus Hood, 1933. Odontadenia Pygmaeothrips angusticeps (Hood, 1908). macrantha leaves, 1/V/1996, 1 male; Lacmellea Polyporus sp., 29/ Samplingpanamensis data: Barro Colorado Island: VIII/2007 26 females and 11 males; Parque metropolitano, Tabebuia guayacan leaves, 15/V/1996, 2 females and 7 PanamaSampling City, data: dead Alanje,leaves, 6/IX/2007 Chiriquí, 1 female. males. leaves, 15/V/1996, 1 female and 3 males; *Sophiothrips spadix Hood, 1954. *Hoplandrothrips jennei (Jones, 1912). Theobroma cacao IX/2007, 2 males; Barro Colorado Island: Pseudobombax New records: Santa Fé de Darién, dead branches of Newseptenatum records: leaves, Escuela 29/III/95, Emberá, 1Darién, female; dead Pseudobombax leaves, 7/ , 7/IX/2007 3 females and 2 males; El septenatum Odontadenia StephanothripsValle, dead wood, occidentalis 23/VIII/2007, Hood 1 female. and Williams, 1925. macrantha leaves, 1/V/1996, 1 male. leaves, 3/IV/1996, 1 male; in dead leaves. Hoplothrips graminis (Hood, 1934). Sampling data: 5 females and 1 male have been collected *Terthrothrips gracilicornis (Hood, 1925). leaves, 1 female; Las Cabras, dried grasses, 1/IX/2007, 2 females.Sampling data: Parque Metropolitano, Panama City, dried 1 female. New records: Camino Viejo a Pacora, grass, 30/VIII/2007, Hoplothrips militaris (Hood, 1934). *Tropothrips nigripes Stannard, 1954. Theobroma cacao, 7/IX/2007, 1 female. Sampling data: Zona del Canal, 8/05/2005, 1 female; New records: Santa Fé de Darién, dead leaves of Panama East, leaf litter, 1/VI/2003 Berlese funnel, 2 1244 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Tylothrips clavivestis (Hood, 1935). and at different altitudes. Thrips seem to be least common in rainy season (May to November) and more abundant Theobroma cacao, 7/IX/2007, 2 females and one male; Las during dry season (mid December to April). Frankliniella Sampling data: Santa Fé de Darién, dead branches of panamensis and F. fallaciosa are quite common species

*TylothripsParedes, dried osborni grasses, (Hinds, 30/XII/2007, 1902). 1 female. but they are rarely found at lower altitudes. Elaphrothrips atspecies altitudes are of also 1400 rarely m or taken more at in altitudes the Volcan of 1200 Barú m area, on montane areas of Chiriqui Province, although they are New records: Pacora, grasses, 30/VIII/2007, 1 female. This abundant at lower altitudes on dead leaves. Our results are 2006).species has been collected regularly in Spain (Goldarazena coincident with the studies that were carried out in Costa and Mound 1988) and in USA (Goldarazena and Mound Thrips species vary greatly in their degree of host Rica (Mound and Marullo 1996). throughoutTwo hundred the sampling and fifty we six have species added have 87 beennew-recorded collected speciesand named from up Panama till now (these in Panama. species From are thismarked compilation, with an couldspecificity. be take Few into species account, seem especially to be strictly if the endemicmonophagous. plants asterisk in the species checklist). The diversity of a thrips areFrom threatened the point by of viewextinction of conservation for transformation of species of this the fauna is presumably related, in some way, to the diversity of tropical ecosystems (due to climatic change, use of the land

9000 species of plants are known from Panama, 1222 are and some Phlaeothripinae) often show considerable the local flora and the range of niches this provides. Almost etc). Fungus feeding thrips populations (Idolothripinae Conservation Monitoring Centre www.wcmc.org.uk). repeatedly such species, with populations that are widely Burgerendemics (1985) and 7778 points are out shared that manywith other tree and countries plant species(World dispersedspatial aggregation but locally (Mound aggregated and Teulon could be1994). led intoSampling local extinctions. (1985) indicates that only 12 of the 687 pteridophytes knownhave considerably from Panama geographic are endemic, ranges. and Similarly, that both Lellinger Peru Table 1. NATURAL and Mexico have more than 40% of their known species SPECIES Species collected in AgroecosystemsAGROECOSYSTEMS and Natural Habitats. in common with Panama and the larger Caribbean Islands HABITATS Aeolothrips microstriatus X X insects seem to be derived more through immigration Franklinothrips vespiformis X X frommore norththan 30%. and southThe flora than of from the isthmus local speciation, and its associated and this Heterothrips spp. X X X conclusion applies equally to the Thysanoptera (Mound Caliothrips fasciatus Caliothrips insularis X and Marullo 1996). The winds, especially hurricanes reach Caliothrips nanus X X the isthmus infrequently but they commonly move widely Caliothrips phaseoli X along the Caribbean island. This could be the mechanism Dinurothrips hookeri X of movement of many insects, including some pest thrips, Elixothrips brevisetis X X to spread from one country to another in the Central Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis X X America and the Caribbean Areas. Thrips palmi has been Hoodothrips brevipilus X recently introduced in Panama, and it is very common in Selenothrips rubrocinctus X crops of honey and watermelon and in oriental vegetables. Leucothrips theobromae X Hydatothrips guanacastei X the border of Bocas del Toro, probably for the illegal Hydatothrips sternalis X introductionThree years ago of fruits was introduced(Goldarazena in unpublished).Costa Rica throughout Neohydatothrips gracilipes X There is a group of about 45 species that have been Neohydatothrips inversus X widely introduced around the world, including many pests Neohydatothrips signifier X as well as many species associated with fungi on dead Neohydatothrips williamsi X Merothrips floridensis Anaphothrips obscurus X X X X or Tylothrips osborni (Table 1) are fungus-feeding species Anaphothrips sudanensis X thatbranches were (Mound probably 1983). transported For example many years ago on sailing Aptinothrips rufus Arorathrips crassiscelis X ships, in association with straw and palm fronds used as Arorathrips fulvus X X Arorathrips mexicanus X X are transported as planting material, and their thrips Arorathrips xanthius X X fodder and bedding (Mound 1983). Bananas and orchids Baileyothrips limbatus X Bolacothrips striatopennatus X pests go with them. International trade marketFrankliniella of flowers Bravothrips tibialis X occidentalis(Roses) and, in vegetables Chiriqui Province. (lettuce andMany strawberries), of this species have are Bregmatothrips venustus X X collectedintroduced in Panama The Western in the Agroecosystems Flower Thrips, (Table 1). The Caprithrips insularis X thrips fauna in the crops is much monotonous than in the Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni X X natural ecosystems. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii X X Distribution of thrips species within Panama, both in Chaetanaphothrips signipennis X X space and time, is affected by the altitude and seasons. Chaetisothrips gardeniae X Chaetisothrips striatus X thrips fauna between sites with different rainfall patterns, Coremothrips pallidus X Similarly, there seem to be considerable differences in the 1245 Goldarazena et al. | Thrips from Panama

Table 1. Continued. Thrips trehernei X X NATURAL Diceratothrips bicornis X SPECIES AGROECOSYSTEMS HABITATS Elaphrothrips spp. X Corynothrips stenopterus X Ethirothrips angusticornis X Dendrothrips innoxius X Gastrothrips anolis X Dichromothrips orchidis X Nesothrips lativentris X X Echinothrips americanus X X Pseudocryptothrips gradatus X Frankliniella altura X Zeugmatothrips spp. X Frankliniella borinquen X X Adraneothrips spp. X Frankliniella brevicaulis X X Aleurodothrips fasciapennis X X Frankliniella breviseta X Androthrips ramachandrai X Frankliniella bruneri X X Bamboosiella cingulata X Frankliniella brunnea X X Carathrips delicatulus X Frankliniella cephalica X X Carathrips mediterraneus X Frankliniella chamulae X Chirothripoides typicus X Frankliniella cotobrusensis X Docessissophothrips corticis X Frankliniella curiosa X Eupathithrips meizon X Frankliniella curta X Eurythrips spp. X Frankliniella desmodii X Gomphiothrips mercedes X X Frankliniella distinguenda X X Gynaikothrips uzeli X Frankliniella diversa X Haplothrips gowdeyi X X Frankliniella fallaciosa X Haplothrips graminis X Frankliniella floydandrei X Haplothrips saidi X Frankliniella fulvipennis X Holopothrips spp. X Frankliniella fulvipes X Hoplandrothrips affinis X Frankliniella fusca X X Hoplandrothrips spp. X Frankliniella gardeniae X X Hoplothrips spp. X Frankliniella gossypiana X Karnyothrips melaleucus X X Frankliniella hansoni X Karnyothrips merrilli X Frankliniella insularis X X Karnyothrips ochropezus X Frankliniella invasor X X Leptothrips vittipennis X Frankliniella kelliae X X Liothrips zeteki X Frankliniella kiesteri X X Macrophthalmothrips hemipteroides X Frankliniella minuta X Metriothrips midas X Frankliniella occidentalis X Psitillothrips guadalupae X Frankliniella panamensis X Psalidothrips longistylus X Frankliniella parvula X X Pygmaeothrips angusticeps X Frankliniella pulchella X Sophiothrips spadix X Frankliniella schultzei X Stephanothrips occidentalis X Frankliniella spinosissima X Terthrothrips gracilicornis X Frankliniella standleyana X Tropothrips nigripes X Frankliniella vargasi X Tylothrips spp. X Frankliniella varipes X Frankliniella williamsi X X Acknowledgments: Frankliniella zeteki X Panama) for economic support to the project, to Dr. Laurence Mound The authors are grateful to Gisela Tapia (OIRSA- Frankliniella zurqui X to the Director of the British Museum Natural History (London) for free Microcephalothrips abdominalis X X (CSIRO,access to Entomology) the collections, for and his to advice the Agricultural during the Department identification of process,Panama Plesiothrips aberrans X X (MIDA) and the University of Panama for encouragement and help in Plesiothrips brunneus X X Psectrothrips interruptus X searching the agricultural sampling sites. We thank also Smithsonian Psectrothrips palmerae X Tropical Research Institute (STRI) for facilitating the sampling in Barro Psectrothrips spadix X LiteratureColorado Island Cited and Pipe Line Road. Danothrips, with descriptions of two new Retanathrips funestus X species. Journal of Natural History 14: 547-558. Retanathrips silvestris X Bhatti, J.S. 1980. Revision of Zoology Rhamphothrips pandens X (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology) Bournier, A. 1993. Thysanoptères de Martinique et de Guadalupe. Salpingothrips minimus X In 3(3): 227-240. Scirtidothrips torquatus X Burger,Botany W.C. and1985. Natural Why are History there of so Panama. many kinds Monographs of flowering in Systematic plants is Scirtothrips oligochaetus X BotanyCosta Rica?; from p.the 125-136 Missouri Botanic W.G. D’Arcy Garden and 10: M.D. 1-455. Correa M.D. (ed.). The Scirtothrips panamensis X Croat, T.B. 1978. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Trichromothrips xanthius X X Stanford University Press, Thrips orientalis X theStanford. tropics. 943 Philosophical p. Transactions of the Royal Society of London Thrips palmi X Godfray,Series H.C., B, Biological O.T. Lewis Sciences and J. Memmot. 1999. Studying insect diversity in Thrips pallicornis X Goldarazena, A. and L.A. Mound. 1998. A new species of Hindsiothrips 354: 1811-1824.Tylothrips osborni (Hinds) from Thrips simplex X Europe (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Entomologist Monthly Thrips tabaci X Magazinefrom Spain with the first record of

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Goldarazena, A. and L.A. Mound. 2006. The Biodiversity of Thysanoptera Fauna of New Zealand Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa Mound, L.A. and A.K. Walker. 1982. Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera). at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (USA), an Introduction. Fauna of New Zealand 10:1: 113. 1-140. Forest environments in tropical life zones; a 38: pilot 291-299. Study. Oxford: Mound, L.A. and A.K. Walker. 1986.Dorcadothrips Tubulifera (Thysanoptera: (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Thripidae) Holdridge,Pergamon L.R., Press. W.C. Grenke, 747 p. W.H. Hatheway, T. Liang and J.A. Tosi. 1971. in Hawaii and North America with a description of a new species. Nakahara,Journal S. of 1993. the New The York genus Entomological Society Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 47: 57-81. Hood, J.D. 1934. Some further new Thysanoptera from Panama. 101: 399-409. Journal of the New York Entomological Society Novotny,forest. V., Nature Y. Basset, 416: S.E. 841-844. Miller, G.D. Weiblen, B. Bremer, L. Cizek and P. Hood, J.D. 1935. Eleven new ThripidaeExtintion (Thysanoptera) Rates. Oxford from University Panama. Drozd. 2002. Low host specificity of herbivorous insects in a tropical 43: 143-171. with nine-segmented antennae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Lawton, J.H. and R.M. May (eds). 1995. The ecology of a tropical Palmer,Society J.M. 84:and 181-194. L.A. Mound. 1985. New World Thripidae (Thysanoptera) forestPress,: Oxford.seasonal 230 rhythms p. and long-term changes (second edition). Palmer, J.M. and L.A. Mound. 1991. Thysanoptera; p. 67-76 In Leigh, E.G., A.S. R. and D.M. Windsor (eds.). 1996. (ed.). The Armoured Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control.Volume B. Amsterdam: Elsevier. D. Rosen, D. 47Washington: In Smithsonian Institution Pres. 503 p. Frankliniella minuta group Lellinger,History D.B. of 1985. Panama. The distributionMonographs of in Panama’s Systematic Pteridophytes; Botany from p. 43- the Revista de Missouri W.G. Botanic D’Arcy Gardenand M.D. 10: Correa 1-455. M.D. (ed.). The Botany and Natural Retana,Biología A. and Tropical L.A. Mound. 1995. Thrips of the Moritz, G., L.A. Mound, D. Morris and A. Goldarazena. 2004. Thrips pest of (Insecta; Thysanoptera) in Costa Rican Asteraceae flowers. the world. University of Queensland. 120 p. 42: 639-648. Rocha,(Thysanoptera). F.H., F. Infante, Florida J. Quintalán, Entomologist A. Goldarazena 95 (1): 171-178. and J. Funderbruck. distribution in Thysanoptera (Insecta). Journal of Biogeography 10: 2012. Ataulfo mango flowers contain a diversityCastilla of elastica thrips Mound, L.A. 1983. Natural and disrupted patterns of geographical (Moraceae) in a seasonal tropical forest. American Journal of Botany Sakai, S. 2001. Thrips pollination of androdioecious associated119-133. with mosses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 96: Mound,1-17. L.A. 1989. Systematics of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) Chaetisothrips88 (9): 1527-1534. Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). The Florida Mound, L.A. 2012. Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World—A Checklist. Sakimura,Entomologist K. 1967. 50: 165-168. A preliminary note on a review of the genus Database accessible at http://anic.ento.csiro.au/thrips/checklist. Chaetisothrips html. Accesed on 06 May 2012. from the Caribbean and Central American region (Thysanoptera: The Thrips of Central and South America: Sakimura,Thripidae). K. 1969. The New Florida species Entomologist and subspecies of the genus An Introduction. Gainesville: Memoirs on Entomology, International Mound,6. 488 L.A. p. and R. Marullo. 1996. A contribution to Thrips-plant associations 52: 123-135. records (Insecta: Sanchez-Monge, A., A. Retana-Salazar, S. Brenes and R. Aguero.The Florida 2011. of spore-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Idolothripinae). Entomologist Mound,Bulletin L.A. and of the J.M. British Palmer. Museum 1983. The (Natural generic History). and tribal Entomology classification 46: Thysanoptera) in Costa Rica and CentralBolacothrips America. striatopennatus 1-174. 94: 330-339. Mound, L.A. and J.M. Palmer. 1986. Patterns of speciation in neotropical Surís,Revista M., C. Gónzalez de Protección and H. Vegetal Rodriguez. 2008. spore-feeding thrips of the genus Zeugmatothrips (Insecta: (Schmutz) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), nuevo informe para Cuba. Phlaeothripidae). Amazoniana 11: 581-94. long term records from Barro 23: Colorado 63-65. Island, Panama. Smithsonian Mound, L.A. and J.M. Palmer. 1992. Thrips of Panama: A biological Windsor,Contributions D.M. 1990. to theClimate Earth and Sciences moisture 29:1-145. variability in a tropical forest: In D. Quintero and A. Aiello (ed.). Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selectedcatalogue Studies. and bibliography (Thysanoptera); p 321-332. Mound, L.A. and D.A.J. Teulon. 1994. Thysanoptera as phytophagous OxfordIn Science Publications. : May 2012 Thrips Biology and Management. Proceedings, The 1993 International : October 2012 Conferenceopportunists; on p. 3-30 Thysanoptera : Parker, B.L., Towards M. Skinner Understanding and T. Lewis Thrips (ed.), Received : December 2012 Management. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp. Accepted Published online Editorial responsibility: Matthew Smart

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