SUPERLOGOS Identidade Gráfica Dos Logotipos Das Capas De Revistas Em Quadrinhos Brasileiras De Super-Herói

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SUPERLOGOS Identidade Gráfica Dos Logotipos Das Capas De Revistas Em Quadrinhos Brasileiras De Super-Herói UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO Bruno de Almeida Porto SUPERLOGOS Identidade gráfica dos logotipos das capas de revistas em quadrinhos brasileiras de Super-Herói Brasília, 2017 BRUNO DE ALMEIDA PORTO SUPERLOGOS Identidade gráfica dos logotipos das capas de revistas em quadrinhos brasileiras de Super-Herói Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Faculdade de Comunicação da Universidade de Brasília como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Comunicação. Linha de Pesquisa: Imagem, Som e Escrita. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Selma Regina Nunes Oliveira Brasília 2017 BRUNO DE ALMEIDA PORTO SUPERLOGOS Identidade gráfica dos logotipos das capas de revistas em quadrinhos brasileiras de Super-Herói Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade de Brasília e defendida sob avaliação da Banca Examinadora constituída por: Profa. Dra. Selma Regina Nunes Oliveira Presidente e Orientadora – Faculdade de Comunicação – FAC/UnB Prof. Dr. Wagner Antonio Rizzo Membro - Faculdade de Comunicação – FAC/UnB Prof. Dr. Octavio Carvalho Aragão Júnior Membro – Escola de Comunicação – ECA / UFRJ Prof. Dr. Gustavo de Castro e Silva Suplente – Faculdade de Comunicação – FAC/UnB AGRADECIMENTOS À minha orientadora, professora doutora Selma Oliveira, pelo acolhimento, dedicação, firmeza, contínua amizade e, principalmente, por ter sido bússola (sempre) e salva-vidas (sempre que precisei); Aos membros da banca examinadora, professor doutor Wagner Rizzo e professor doutor Octavio Aragão, pelas inestimáveis contribuições dadas a este trabalho, durante todo o seu processo; Aos entrevistados Otacílio D’Assunção e Leandro Luigi Del Manto, pelo seu tempo e genuíno interesse, e por tudo que fizeram pelas Histórias em Quadrinhos no Brasil; À Edson Diogo e toda a fenomenal equipe que voluntária e herculeamente mantém o maior banco de dados online sobre HQs no Brasil, o site Guia dos Quadrinhos, sem o qual esta e muitas outras pesquisas não seriam minimamente possíveis; Aos professores do PPGC-FAC, em especial Luciano Mendes, Gustavo de Castro e Edmundo Brandão, pelo estímulo e apoio; E aos colegas da Pós-Graduação e do GIBI - Grupo de Estudos de História em Quadrinhos, em especial Raimundo Lima Neto, Patrícia Cunegundes, Renato Pontual, Nayara Guércio, Paula Oda, Bárbara Lima, Anna Cristina de Araújo Rodrigues, Jairo Macedo, Havane Melo, Bárbara Cabral, Leon Rabello, Angélica Peixoto e Silvana Pena de Sá, pela companhia enriquecedora. Agradecimentos particularmente especiais à João de Souza Leite, que há bons quinze anos me cobra enérgica e fraternalmente este mestrado; à André Maya e Victor Cruzeiro, pela generosidade e paciência com meus escritos; à Patrícia Moscariello e Orlando Pedroso, por todos os salvamentos realizados; e a Marcelo Martinez, pelo logotipo e inspiração para este trabalho. Além dos supracitados, tive o privilégio de contar com um verdadeiro dream team do Design e da Comunicação que compareceu sempre que precisei de uma conversa, dica, bibliografia, esclarecimento ou café: Almir Mirabeau, Amaury Fernandes, Breno Abreu, Celia Matsunaga, Clarice Garcia, Claudio Bull Francisco, Claudio Delamare (in memoriam), Cristiana Fernandes, Cristiane Arakaki, Daniela Garrossini, Daniella Goulart, Edna Cunha Lima, Eladio Oduber, Felipe Muanis, Fernando Antunes, Gabriel Patrocínio, Gustavo Duarte, Haro Schulenburg, Henrique Nardi, Larissa Grandi, Leila Silveira, Leniomar Morais, Lucy Niemeyer, Luli Radfahrer, Marck Al, Marco Aurélio Lobo Júnior, Marcos Archanjo, Maria Aracy Bonfim, Mônica Maranha, Nicolas Caballero, Rafael Ancara, Rafael Cardoso, Rafael Dietzsch, Rafael Neder, Ricardo Cunha Lima, Rogério Camara, Roy Schulenburg e Sarah Stutz. Sou muito grato a todos. E, last but not least, à minha família, porque o amor de vocês e por vocês é o que me move, para o alto e avante. RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta uma análise gráfica de logotipos de títulos de revista em quadrinhos brasileiras do gênero Super-Herói. O corpus é composto por 423 logotipos utilizados em 240 títulos publicados no país entre 1947-1997. Para contextualizar o objeto desta pesquisa, realizamos uma revisão de definições para Histórias em Quadrinhos, listando seus principais gêneros, suportes e formatos, e destacamos o surgimento da revista em quadrinhos como produto da cultura de massa. Em seguida, historicizamos o advento das HQs de Super-Herói e sua chegada ao Brasil, em paralelo à trajetória das revistas em quadrinhos no país na segunda metade do século XX. A fim de facilitar a compreensão das decisões editoriais e estratégias de mercado, adotamos uma taxonomia para a classificação de revistas em quadrinhos e suas capas, elencando seus componentes visuais. Definimos os códigos visuais dos logotipos do gênero Super-Herói e verificamos sua assimilação nas capas das revistas em quadrinhos produzidas no Brasil, considerando as estruturas dos departamentos de arte das principais editoras brasileiras de Quadrinhos e as consequências da tradução dos nomes dos super-heróis estrangeiros. Por meio de instrumentos estatísticos, foi constatado crescimento gradual na utilização dos códigos visuais dos logotipos de Super-Herói nas capas das revistas em quadrinhos, favorecendo a associação dessas publicações ao gênero. Da mesma forma, observamos, ao longo do período estudado, aumento no uso dos logotipos originais dos personagens estrangeiros, intensificado pelo surgimento das graphic novels, nos anos 1980, e massificação global da comunicação na indústria de entretenimento, a partir do início da década de 1990. Palavras-chave: Comunicação de Massa; Histórias em Quadrinhos; Revistas em Quadrinhos no Brasil; Logotipo; Super-Herói. ABSTRACT This work presents a visual analysis of Brazilian comic book title logos of the Superhero genre. Its corpus consists of 423 logos used in 240 comic book titles published in the country from 1947-1997. To contextualize the object of this research, we reviewed definitions for Comics, listing its main genres, media and formats, and highlighting the dawn of the comic book as a product of mass culture. Next, we historicized the advent of Superhero comics and their arrival in Brazil, in parallel to the comic book trajectory in the country during the second half of the Twentieth Century. In order to facilitate the understanding of editorial decisions and market strategies, we decided on a taxonomy for the classification of comic books and their covers, listing the visual components of the covers. We defined the visual codes of the logos of the Superhero genre and verified it was incorporated into the covers of comic books produced in Brazil, considering the state of art of the art departments at the main Comics publishers in the country and the consequences of the translation of the names of the foreign superhero characters. Through statistical instruments, we observed a gradual increase in the use of the visual codes of Superhero logos on the cover of comic books, favoring the association of these publications with the genre. In the same manner, there was an increase in the use of the original logos of foreign characters, intensified by the emergence of graphic novels in the 1980s and, starting in the early 1990s, the global massification of communication in the entertainment industry. Keywords: Mass Communications; Comics; Comic Books in Brazil; Logo; Superhero. Sumário Introdução ............................................................................................................................................ 13 A. Problema de pesquisa .............................................................................................................. 15 B. Delimitação do corpus de pesquisa ......................................................................................... 15 C. Justificativa .............................................................................................................................. 15 D. Objetivos ................................................................................................................................... 16 E. Metodologia .............................................................................................................................. 17 F. Referencial teórico ................................................................................................................... 19 G. Pesquisa .................................................................................................................................... 21 Capítulo I – Histórias em Quadrinhos e Cultura de Massa ............................................................ 23 1.1 Definição e origens ............................................................................................................... 23 1.2 Gêneros e formatos .............................................................................................................. 25 1.3 A revista em quadrinhos ..................................................................................................... 26 Capítulo II – As revistas em quadrinhos de Super-Herói ................................................................ 29 2.1 Influências ............................................................................................................................ 29 2.2 Super-Herói, o herdeiro das pulps ..................................................................................... 33 2.3 Os códigos visuais dos super-heróis ..................................................................................
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