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Home , Bryant Baker, Clark Mills (sculptor), Helen Keller (Hlavka), Kamehameha I (Gould), Library of Congress, National Statuary Hall

United States Capitol VISITOR GUide WELCOME TO THE U.S. CAPITOL

our visit to the GUIDED TOURS OF THE U.S. CAPITOL historic U.S. Guided tours of the U.S. Capitol begin at the Orientation Theaters on YCapitol begins the lower level of the Capitol Visitor Center. “Out of Many, One,” as you enter the Capitol a 13-minute film, illustrates how this country established a new form Visitor Center. With of government; highlights the vital role that Congress plays in the its soaring spaces and daily lives of ; and introduces you to the building that skylight views of the houses the U.S. Congress. Capitol Dome, the Tours are free, but tour passes Capitol Visitor Center are required. 8:45 a.m. – 3:30 p.m., welcomes you on a Monday – Saturday journey of discovery. The U.S. Capitol is home to Advance Passes: Tours may the U.S. Congress and its The of George be booked in advance online two legislative bodies, the at www.visitthecapitol.gov, U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Through through the offices of your films, exhibits, and tours, you will learn about how Congress Senators or Representative, works, how this magnificent building was built, and how or through the Office of citizens can participate in this extraordinary experiment called Visitor Services by calling representative democracy. 202.226.8000.

The U.S. Capitol stands as a monument to the American people. Same-Day Passes: A limited number of passes are available each It is where the issues facing the nation are considered, debated, day at the Information Desks in Emancipation Hall on the lower level and written into law. The U.S. Capitol also houses an important of the Capitol Visitor Center. collection of American art, and it is an architectural achievement in its own right. History is made at the U.S. Capitol, and the SPECIAL TOURS Capitol Visitor Center is your entryway to that history. AND PROGRAMS On December 18, 2007, Congress passed legislation to name Learn more about the history of the Capitol Visitor Center’s central space “Emancipation Hall” Congress and the Capitol by to recognize the contributions of enslaved laborers who helped participating in a special tour or activity. build the U.S. Capitol. Emancipation Hall, on the lower level of Check for updated schedules in the the Capitol Visitor Center, is a central gathering place for visitors brochure racks or at the Information coming to see the Capitol. Desks in Emancipation Hall.

United States Capitol VISITOR GUide 2 EXHIBITION HALL (Lower Level) Explore the only exhibition in the country dedicated to telling the story of Congress and the construction of the U.S. Capitol. Exhibit highlights include rarely- seen historic documents from THE CAPITOL GROUNDS the National Archives and the The Capitol is set amidst 58.8 acres of winding paths, memorial trees, of Congress; artifacts inviting benches, and beautiful flowers that are changed seasonally. The from around the country; and grounds today reflect a plan completed in 1892 by renowned landscape an 11-foot-tall touchable model architect . As you stroll the grounds, note the of the Capitol Dome. You may watch the proceedings on the floors magnificent bronze and stone fountains and lanterns on the East Plaza, of Congress at the House and Senate theaters when Congress is in which were restored to their original glory during construction of the session. Interactive stations help you to discover more about Congress, Capitol Visitor Center. its Members, and the Capitol. 8:30 a.m. – 4:30 p.m., Monday – Saturday The Capitol Grounds have played host to presidential inaugurations, WATCHING CONGRESS IN SESSION Independence Day concerts, and the yearly visits of more than three million people. We invite you Passes: The Senate and House Galleries are open to visitors to enjoy this historic landscape. whenever either body is in session; however, the Galleries are not included in the tour of the U.S. Capitol. Passes are required and may be obtained from the offices of your Senators or Representative. Must see on your visit Access to the Galleries begins on the upper level of the Capitol Special Tours, Talks, and Family Programs — Visitor Center. International visitors may inquire at the House and see This Week at the Capitol Visitor Center or ask Senate Appointment Desks on the upper level. Capitol Visitor Center staff for schedules House Hours: When the House is not in session, visitors with passes Table from President ’s Second are admitted to the Gallery from 9 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., Monday through Inauguration — made from surplus ironwork cast for the Capitol Dome (Exhibition Hall) Lincoln Table, Friday. Last entry into the Gallery may be prior to 4:15 p.m. based The on demand. The Gallery is closed on weekends and holidays unless View of Dome through Skylights — from the lower Historical Society the House is in session. The House Gallery is subject to unplanned, or upper level of the Visitor Center, just look up! temporary closures when the House is not in session. For additional The Plaster Model for the — used to cast the information on the House of Representatives please visit www.house.gov. bronze Statue of Freedom atop the Capitol Dome (Emancipation Hall) Statue Collection — 24 of 100 statues of the Senate Hours: The Senate Gallery is open during scheduled Collection are located throughout the Capitol Visitor Center, including recesses of one week or more, and visitors with passes are admitted 14 statues in Emancipation Hall (see reverse side of from 9 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., Monday through Friday. The Gallery is this brochure for statue descriptions) closed on weekends and holidays unless the Senate is in session and House and Senate Galleries — entry on upper level during any recess or adjournment of less than one week. Senate of Visitor Center – get passes from your Senators or Gallery hours are subject to change. For information please call Representative 202.224.0057. Slave Labor Commemorative Marker — sandstone marker acknowledging the role that enslaved laborers played in the construction of the Capitol Visitors have direct access from the Capitol (Emancipation Hall) Visitor Center to the historic Capitol Dome Model — touchable model correct in Building of the Library of Congress, one of every architectural detail, 1/20 the size of the original (Exhibition Hall) the nation’s great treasures, via the Library of Gavel — used by President during the ceremony to lay Congress Tunnel. The entrance to the tunnel is the cornerstone of the Capitol in 1793 (Exhibition Hall) located on the upper level of the Capitol Visitor — support for the caskets of Presidents and other eminent Center near the House Appointment Desk. citizens during lying-in-state ceremonies (Exhibition Hall)

United States Capitol VISITOR GUide 3 South North Upper Level

y Senate Galler Entrance House Gallery Entrance Legend d Information Desks / First Ai Tour Passes North Gift Legend Elevator Shop

Information Desks / Escalator Emancipation Hall Tour Passes South (Lower Level) Restrooms * Gift Elevator Shop Senate Appointment Escalator Desk Visitors may request wheelchairs at the North House Restrooms Appointment Exit Coat Check, located to the right of the visitor North k Desk Coat Chec entrance on the Upper Level, or from Capitol Tunnel to South Library of Congress Exit k Exit Visitor Center staff. All restrooms are accessible. Coat Chec Security Screening * A Family restroom is available at all restroom locations. Exit Security Screening North h Entrance South South Nort Lower Level Entrance

South North GIFT SHOPS Gift Shops (Upper Level): Exhibition Hall A unique selection of merchandise inspired by the Capitol’s art and architectural treasures, fun and North Entrance n educational gifts, books, jewelry, Orientatio South Theater and exciting custom-designed n Orientatio products make excellent souvenirs. Theater 9:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m., Monday – Saturday Entrance Entrance Senate Appointment Emancipation Hall Desk

House AppointmentDesk Entrance

Entrance Restaurant DINING Restaurant (Lower Level): Freshly-made soups, salads, specialty entrées, pizzas, sandwiches, desserts, and beverages reflect h the diverse bounty of America. South Nort 8:30 a.m. – 4:00 p.m., Monday – Saturday

United States Capitol VISITOR GUide 4 Statues in the Capitol Visitor Center from Joseph Ward (1838–1889) , by Bruno Beghé, 1963. Missionary and educator. Leader in the National Statuary Hall Collection movement for South Dakota statehood. Ordained The National Statuary Hall Collection in the Capitol is comprised of statues in Yankton, of Dakota Territory. Opened donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Two Yankton Academy and was instrumental in statues are contributed by each state. Twenty-four of the 100 state statues founding Yankton College. Drafted State are located in the Capitol Visitor Center and are among the most recently- constitution, and composed State motto and donated statues. The statues in the Capitol Visitor Center also represent description for the State seal. the diversity of the country and the contributions made by its citizens. The William Edgar Borah following 14 statues are located in Emancipation Hall. (1865 –1940) , Bronze by Bryant Baker, 1947. Dates in italics indicate year that the statue was added to the Collection. Lawyer, U.S. Senator 1907–1940. As Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor, sponsored bills that created the Department of Labor and the Children’s Bureau. Philo T. Farnsworth (1906–1971) , Bronze Chairman of the Senate Committee on by James R. Avati, 1990. Inventor. Called “the father of Foreign Relations. Outstanding orator, television” for devising an early electronic television known as the “Lion of Idaho.” system, which he first conceived in high school. Early televisions used 100 of his patents. Received John L. “Jack” Swigert, Jr. (1931–1982) more than 160 patents for inventions used in the , Bronze by George and Mark Lundeen, 1997. development of the infrared night light, electron Pilot and astronaut. Air Force combat pilot in microscope, baby incubator, gastroscope, astro- Korea and test pilot. One of three crew members nomical telescope, and radar. Shown holding an aboard 1970 National Aeronautics and Space electronic camera tube that he invented in the 1920s. Administration (NASA) Apollo 13 moon mission, aborted after an oxygen tank Po’pay (1630?–before 1692) New , Marble by Cliff ruptured. Crew spent almost six Fragua, 2005. Pueblo religious and spiritual leader. Born days in space. Executive director of in San Juan Pueblo, now . Organizer of the House Committee on Science and Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish in 1680, which helped Technology. Elected to House of ensure the survival of the Pueblo culture and shaped the Representatives in history of the American Southwest. Holds a bear 1982, but died one week fetish and the knotted rope used to coordinate the before taking office. timing of the uprising; the sculpture includes a pot, a symbol of Pueblo culture. Chief Washakie (1800?–1900) , Bronze by Dave McGary, 2000. (1880–1973) , Bronze Warrior and spokesman for Shoshone tribe. by Terry Minmaugh, 1985. Social worker, lecturer, and Fluent in French, English, and several Native U.S. Representative who served from 1917–1919 American languages. He united several and from 1941–1943. First woman elected to Shoshone bands. Negotiated with the U.S. Congress. Noted lobbyist for peace and women’s Army to ensure preservation of more than rights. Voted against America’s entry into World three million acres in Wyoming as home to Wars I and II. Only to the Shoshone. Given a full U.S. oppose declaration of war on Japan in 1941, military funeral. Details saying, “As a woman I can’t go to war...and I of clothing are finely refuse to send anyone else.” painted in color. Maria L. Sanford (1836–1920) , Bronze by Eusebio Francisco Kino (1645–1711) , Evelyn Raymond, 1958. Educator and champion of women’s Bronze by Suzanne Silvercruys, 1965. Missionary, rights. Supported suffrage for women and the education explorer, and cartographer. Jesuit priest born of ; pioneered the concept of adult in . Led exploratory expeditions to Mexico education and parent-teacher organizations. Graduated and lower and worked with Pima from Normal School. Professor of Indians in southern Arizona. Built missions, history at Swarthmore College. Taught for 20 ranches, and roads in California and Arizona. years at University of Minnesota. One of the first Shown holding an astrolabe, used in calculating women to become a college professor. latitude from the stars.

United States Capitol VISITOR GUide 5 (1844–1891) , Mother Joseph (1823–1902) Washington, Bronze by Benjamin Victor, 2005. Interpreter, educator, Bronze by Felix W. de Weldon, 1980. and author. Negotiated between her Paiute people Missionary and architect. Born Esther and the U.S. Army. Started a school for Native Pariseau near Montreal, Canada. American children, teaching in both the native language Became a Catholic nun at age 20. Led and English. Her autobiography, Life among the Piutes: missionaries to the U.S. Pacific Northwest Their Wrongs and Claims, was the first book written by Territories, including the future State a Native American woman. Holds a shellflower, of Washington. Designed, oversaw her name in the Paiute language. construction, and raised funds for 11 hospitals, seven academies, five (1880–1968) Native American schools, and two orphanages. Shown on the pedestal , Bronze by Edward are drafting instruments and images of some of her buildings. Hlavka, 2009. Author, lecturer, and activist for persons with disabilities and for other social causes. Became blind and deaf following an illness The Statue of Freedom in infancy. Learned sign language, speech, The original plaster model for the bronze and Braille. First blind and deaf person Statue of Freedom atop the Capitol to graduate from college. Known as Dome has been restored and is now the “America’s goodwill ambassador to the focal point of Emancipation Hall in the world.” Shown as a seven-year-old child Capitol Visitor Center, giving visitors at the water pump at her home in an up-close view of the allegorical Tuscumbia, Alabama, where she first understood the signed figure. The model is 19½ feet word “water” and learned to communicate. tall and weighs approximately (1788?–1812) , 13,000 pounds. Bronze, replica of 1910 statue by Leonard Crunelle, 2003. Interpreter and guide. In 1805, In 1857, Thomas Crawford, an American sculptor carrying her newborn son, assisted working in Rome, completed the plaster model for Northwest Expedition headed by the Statue of Freedom. After Crawford’s death, Meriwether Lewis and William another American sculptor, , was Clark in what is today North hired to cast the statue at his foundry in the Dakota. Her presence District of Columbia. When the worker who was a sign to tribes had put the plaster model together refused that the expedition to disassemble it unless his unreasonable was peaceful. Honored demands for extra pay were met, , as traveler, translator, an enslaved craftsman owned by Clark diplomat, wife, and mother. Named Sakakawea, or “Bird Mills, determined how to separate the Woman,” by her Hidatsa tribe. sections so they could be moved to the foundry for casting. King (1758?–1819) , Bronze At the foundry, Reid was put in charge and gold, replica of 1879 statue by of keeping the fire going under the Thomas R. Gould, 1969. Warrior molds, and he worked with other enslaved and king. Unified all the laborers as the sections of the plaster model inhabited islands of Hawaii were cast into bronze. Philip Reid was emanci- under his rule. Encouraged pated shortly before the completed bronze statue trade and opened Hawaii to was moved to the Capitol Grounds in 1862, and the rest of the world. Also called he was a free man when the last piece was put in Kamehameha the Great. Shown wearing the gilded regalia place on the Dome on December 2, 1863. of Hawaiian royalty including a The plaster model for the Statue of Freedom stands helmet and a cloak of Hawaii prominently at the west side of Emancipation Hall Mamo bird feathers. in front of the entrance to Exhibition Hall.

United States Capitol VISITOR GUide 6 Statues on the Upper Level of the Capitol Visitor Center Statues Elsewhere in the Capitol Visitor Center The following four statues are located on the Upper Level East Lobby The following six statues from the National Statuary Hall Collection are located overlooking Emancipation Hall. in areas of the Capitol Visitor Center outside of the public space. If you are interested in seeing any of these statues, please speak to a Visitor Assistant. Julius Sterling Morton (1832–1902) , John M. Clayton (1796–1856) , Marble by Bryant Baker, Bronze by Rudulph Evans, 1937. Farmer, legislator, and 1934. Lawyer, State legislator, U.S. Senator 1829–1836, and chief cabinet member. Founder of Arbor Day, celebrated justice of the State supreme court. on his birthday, April 22. Staked a claim in Nebraska before it was a territory. Member of territorial James Z. George (1826–1897) , Bronze by Augustus legislature and appointed secretary of the Lukeman, 1931. Soldier, lawyer, State justice, and U.S. Senator 1881– territory. Served as President Cleveland’s 1897. Served in Mexican War. Appointed to the Mississippi Supreme Secretary of Agriculture. Began to edit the Court and made chief justice before being elected to the U.S. Senate. multivolume Illustrated History of Nebraska. Seen at the base of the sculpture are a tree trunk, sapling, pruning Wade Hampton (1818–1902) , Marble by Frederic shears, and shovel symbolizing Arbor Day. W. Ruckstull, 1929. Planter, State legislator, governor, U.S. Senator 1879–1891, and U.S. railroad commissioner. Hero of the Confederacy, (1845–1921) raising a legion of infantry, cavalry, and artillery. Fought at Gettysburg. , Bronze by Arthur C. Morgan, 1955. Lawyer, Rose to lieutenant general of the cavalry. state legislator, U.S. Senator 1891–1894, U.S. Supreme Court justice 1894–1921, and Ephraim McDowell (1771–1830) , Bronze by Charles H. served as Chief Justice of the United States Niehaus, 1929. Surgeon and founder of Centre College. Helped draft 1910–1921. Enlisted in the Confederate the Kentucky constitution. Pioneer in abdominal surgical techniques; Army at age 16, but later as Supreme Court first to successfully remove an ovarian tumor. justice supported the right of African Dr. John McLoughlin (1784–1857) , Bronze by Gifford Americans to vote. Appointed to Supreme Proctor, 1953. Physician for British North West Company fur-gathering Court by President Cleveland. post on Lake Superior; instrumental in merger with Hudson Bay (1886–1974) , Bronze by Company. Called “Father of Oregon” because of his generosity to George Anthonisen, 1977. Journalist, Governor of the American pioneers. Territory of Alaska, and U.S. Senator 1959–1969. Gen. E. Kirby Smith (1824–1893) , Bronze by C. Adrian Graduated from medical school, but became Pillars, 1922. Soldier, businessman, and educator. Resigned from the a reporter, editor, and managing editor in U.S. Army to join Confederate forces. Last surviving full general Boston and . Appointed to Alaska of the Confederate army. Telegraph company president, university International Highway Commission. Served chancellor, and professor of mathematics. as governor from 1939 until retirement in 1953. One of first two Senators from Alaska. Called “the Honoring Human Rights Leaders father of Alaska Statehood.” Born into as Isabella Baumfree in 1797, James P. Clarke (1854–1916) , Marble was first sold at auction at about by , 1921. Lawyer, state legislator nine years old. Isabella was enslaved to five owners by and attorney general, governor, and U.S. Senator the age of 30 but in 1826 courageously walked away 1903–1916. Twice elected President pro tempore to be free. Inspired by her religious beliefs, Isabella of the Senate. Supported the Canal changed her name to Sojourner Truth and began project and Philippine independence. As preaching about abolition and women’s rights. Chairman of the Senate Commerce Sojourner Truth’s bust by is the Committee, helped pass employers’ liability first sculpture to honor an African-American and workmen’s compensation legislation. woman in the U.S. Capitol and was unveiled in Emancipation Hall in 2009. was a Swedish diplomat who, Respecting Capitol Art Raoul Wallenberg through his country’s legation in Budapest during World During your visit, help preserve the Capitol’s statues War II, helped save the lives of tens of thousands of and other works of art. Enjoy looking at them, Jews threatened by the occupying Nazi forces and their but please do not touch them – each touch does some damage. Hungarian collaborators. The bust of Wallenberg by Miri Margolin was accepted in 1995.

United States Capitol VISITOR GUide 7 LOCATION & HOURS The Capitol Visitor Center, the public entrance to the U.S. Capitol, is located below the East Plaza of the Capitol between Constitution and Independence Avenues.

Hours: The Capitol Visitor Center is open to the public from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Saturday. It is closed on Thanksgiving Day, Day, New Year’s Day, and Inauguration Day.

Official Business: Visitors with official business appointments may enter the Capitol Visitor Center as early as 7:15 a.m.

Accessibility: Listening devices with audio description of the U.S. Capitol tour orientation film and Exhibition Hall are available at the Information Desks. Visitors may request wheelchairs at the North Coat Check located on the Upper Level or from Capitol Visitor Center staff. All restrooms are accessible.

International Visitors: Visitors may request listening devices for foreign-language versions of the U.S. Capitol tour orientation film and the Exhibition Hall audio tour at the Information Desks. @visitthecapitol www.visitthecapitol.gov

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United States Capitol VISITOR GUide 8