MASTER 9 & LAUNCESTON 5 Tognetti Vanska

CRAFTED FINANCIAL PLANNING & WEALTH CREATION SOLUTIONS FRIDAY SATURDAY 2 SEPTEMBER 7.30PM 3 SEPTEMBER 7.30PM FEDERATION CONCERT HALL & ALBERT HALL LAUNCESTON

Richard Tognetti conductor, director JS BACH & Concerto for Two Satu Vänskä violin Vivace JS BACH Largo ma non tanto Brandenburg Concerto No 3 Allegro [Allegro] Duration 16 mins Adagio (Cadenza) – HAYDN Allegro Symphony No 104, Duration 10 mins Adagio – Allegro JS BACH (arr TOGNETTI) Andante Canons on a Goldberg Ground, Menuet (Allegro) – Trio BWV1087 Finale (Spiritoso) Duration 10 mins Duration 29 mins

VASKS This concert will end at approximately Vox Amoris 9.30pm. Duration 24 mins

INTERVAL Sponsored by Duration 20 mins

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0086 3 (1685-1750)

Brandenburg Concerto No 3, BWV1048 its continual “conversation” between the [Allegro] string groups. The interchangeable themes Adagio (Cadenza) – are continually tossed between the three sections while beneath them the basso Allegro continuo maintains a steady dignity. The The “Brandenburg” concertos were two Adagio chords linking the outer fast RICHARD TOGNETTI SATU VÄNSKÄ grouped together, dedicated and sent movements probably call for an improvised to the Margrave of Brandenburg by Bach in cadenza, either from the leader of the May 1721 – a carefully copied presentation violins or the continuo harpsichordist. There Richard Tognetti studied at the Satu Vänskä became Assistant Leader of manuscript headed “Six concertos with is, however, a not uncommon practice of Conservatorium with Alice Waten, in his Chamber Orchestra in 2004. several instruments”. However, these interpolating a movement from another of hometown with William concertos were written at different times Bach’s works. Born to a Finnish family in Japan, she began Primrose, and at the Berne Conservatory and scholars still have differing opinions The last movement does approach the violin at the age of three. Her family moved (Switzerland) with . He is Artistic as to exactly when each was written. manner of a violin concerto, with the Director of the Australian Chamber back to Finland in 1989 and she continued The string writing of No 3 is similar to leader taking a more independent role, many other works produced when Bach Orchestra, having been appointed Leader in her studies with Pertti Sutinen at the Lahti but the violins and violas are still divided was in the service of the court of Anhalt- 1989. He is also Artistic Director of ’s into three groups and even though all Conservatorium and the Sibelius Academy. Cöthen (1718-1721), string writing which Maribor Festival and Creative Associate the basses are now united they still have At the age of 11 she was selected for the was suited to particular players available of Classical Music for Festival. soloistic contributions. That pleasing “wall there. Therefore, it is supposed that No 3 of sound” remains – but the wall is always Tognetti performs on period, modern and Kuhmo Violin School in Finland, where she dates from this time. The great 19th century somewhat fluid, sweeping listeners along for electric instruments. His , attended masterclasses with Ilya Grubert, Bach scholar, Philipp Spitta, started referring an exhilarating ride amongst the waves of compositions and transcriptions have Zinaida Gilels and Pavel Vernikov and had to the six concertos in shorthand by the sound. As such, this concerto can be seen as name of their dedicatee, and so they became expanded the chamber orchestra repertoire. the opportunity to perform at the Kuhmo the apotheosis of the Italian concerto grosso, As director or soloist, Tognetti has appeared known as the “Brandenburg Concertos”. with its melding of peasant dance rhythms Festival with the Kuhmo with international ensembles including the In No 3, although the strings are arranged in and melodic invention. But at the same time, Handel & Haydn Society (Boston), Hong Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra. From 1997 to three groups of equal strength, the writing it paves the way toward the string serenades Kong Philharmonic, and Camerata Salzburg. 2001 she was a pupil of Ana Chumachenco for each instrument is virtuosic at times. of Mendelssohn and Tchaikovksy, with its great exploration of string colours, harmonic He conducted Mozart’s Mitridate for the at the Hochschule für Musik in Munich. The density of texture creates a “wall of daring and the fragmentary use of themes. Sydney Festival and gave the Australian sound”, quite different from the other This led to performances with the Munich five concertos in the set. Indeed, Baroque première of Ligeti’s Violin Concerto with the Adapted from a note by David Garrett Philharmonic, Bavarian Radio Symphony cellist and scholar Nikolaus Harnoncourt © 2000 Sydney Symphony Orchestra. Collaborators commented that he knows of “no other across many disciplines include Dawn Orchestra, at the Tuusulanjärvi Festival and collection of instrumental compositions The Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra first Upshaw, Jack Thompson, Katie Noonan Festivo Aschau. In 2000 Satu Vänskä was in which the individual works have less performed this work with conductor Kenneth and . In 2003 Tognetti was a prize-winner of the “Deutsche Stiftung in common with each other than the Murison Bourn in Hobart on 1 September 1949 Brandenburg Concertos.” It is certainly the and, most recently, with Alexander Shelley in co- for ’s film Master Musikleben”. From 2001 she played under Devonport and Hobart on 17 and 19 September and Commander: The Far Side of the World, case that every other concerto in the set 2009. the auspices of Yehudi Menuhin’s Live Music performing on the soundtrack and tutoring has significant solo contributions from wind, strings or harpsichord. Number 3 seems to its star, Russell Crowe. Other film work Now Foundation. She performs regularly as be either a concerto grosso or a work for includes The Red Tree and Tom Carroll’s lead violin and soloist with the ACO, and three string choirs, though the first violin Horrorscopes. Non-ACO recordings include features in a variety of roles at festivals with does take a lead in setting the themes Bach’s solo violin repertoire. Passionate the ACO in Australia, Niseko and Maribor. and has significant solo work in the third about music education, Tognetti established In 2011 she became the custodian of the movement. the ACO’s Education and Emerging Artists only Stradivarius violin in Australia – the This concerto is the most “symphonic” of the programs. He performs on a 1743 Guarneri Brandenburgs, but at the same time harks del Gesù violin, lent to him by an anonymous magnificent 1728/29 violin on loan from the back to the traditions of consort music, with Australian private benefactor. ACO’s Instrument Fund.

4 5 _ JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH (arr TOGNETTI) PETERIS VASKS (born 1946)

(14) Canons on the first eight fundamental bass clef at the other end, an instruction that Vox amoris – fantasy for violin and string notes of the Goldberg Variations, BWV1087 the second part is to be played backwards orchestra I Canon simplex (in retrograde). The heading all’ roverscio (II) “Most people today no longer possess II all’ roverscio means that the subject is turned upside beliefs, love and ideals. The spiritual down (inversion) and played against its dimension has been lost. My intention is III Beede vorigen Canones zugleich, motu inverted retrograde. (III) Motu recto e recto e contrario to provide food for the soul and this is contrario means to play the original subject what I preach in my works.” IV motu contrario e recto against its inversion. (IV) Motu contrario e V Canon duplex à 4 voci recto means to play the inversion of the Like Arvo Pärt, _Giya Kancheli or Sofia VI Canon simplex über besagtes Fundament subject and the inversion of that inversion. Gubaidulina, Peteris Vasks is a composer whom the West has only come to know since à 3 voci The Canon Duplex à 4 Voci (V) combines the demise of the Soviet Union. Son of a VII Idem à 3 voci the original ground and its inversion, plus a new melody and its inversion in canon. Baptist minister, Vasks studied in his native VIII Canon simplex à 3, il soggetto in Alto Other highlights include the Canon in unisono Latvia and in Lithuania before embarking on a career as an orchestral double bassist prior IX Canon in unisono post semifusam à 3 voci post semifusam à 3 Voci (IX), with the voices _ to turning to composition. PETERIS VASKS X Alio modo, per syncopationes et per chasing each other at the tiny gap of the ligaturas à 2 voci semiquaver, generating a scintillating texture. Vasks’s music displays an array of influences, from modernist aleatoric techniques to The composition, consisting of one single XI Canon duplex übers Fundament à 5 voci It’s hard to speak about the music of Bach very personal reflections on his homeland movement, starts with a muted string XII Canon duplex über besagte without resorting either to mysticism or and the spirit and identity of its people. tremolo. Then the solo violin appears – Fundamental-Noten à 5 voci academic jargon, so powerful is the blend Although his works are frequently given searching, asking, until it blossoms in a of heart, faith and mind that animate his XIII Canon triplex à 6 voci programmatic titles, they are inspired, not broad melody which is supported by a XIV Canon à 4 voci per augmentationem et works. The 11th canon was known before the by simple tone-painting intentions, but by gentle orchestral accompaniment. The solo diminutionem 1974 discovery. It was written in a notebook a desire to explore the deeper relationships violin cadenza I links the introductory part owned by Johann Gottlieb Fulda with the with the central episode. The central part of In 1974 a copy of the Goldberg Variations between man and nature, and the struggle to two legends: Symbolum Christus Coronabit preserve humanity in an increasingly hostile the composition is built up from two sound (BWV988) that was once owned by JS Crucigeros (Symbol: Christ will Crown the waves. The first wave starts softly, slowly, Bach appeared in Strasbourg. It included a environment. His highly personal and soulful Cross-bearers) and Domino Possessori hisce approach is often expressed through the and then the intensity increases, becomes single sheet in the composer’s hand of 14 notulis commendare se volebat JS Bach (JS more intimate medium of strings (often with stronger and then decreases. The second canons based on the first eight notes of the Bach wanted to commend himself to the lord solo violin), with works in recent decades wave is broader, more dramatic. The solo Goldberg bassline. The canons are undated possessor by means of these notes). The first including Cantabile for strings (1979), Musica violin part becomes more challenging; but appear to be late works, from 1747 or refers to the five descending semitones, one dolorosa (1983), and the concertante works the string orchestra plays an active role 1748. Canon is the most exacting form of for each of Christ’s wounds, the second puns Distant Light (1997) and Lonely Angel (2006), here. Cadenza II emphasises the way to contrapuntal writing: a single melody must on Domino as lord and Lord (God). The 14th both written for his childhood friend, violinist culmination – the highest point is reached work in many guises – as bassline, melody canon is unusual in this set for employing Gidon Kremer. when the solo violin and the orchestra meet and harmonising voices – with the additional augmentation and diminution (lengthening – in a high register, in the highest intensity. Vox amoris was written for Richard Tognetti difficulty of having to be musically satisfying. and shortening of durations) with each of the A quiet organ point is then the background and the Australian Chamber Orchestra, who voices using different rhythmic proportions for images from the beginning. The solo Bach’s late music sometimes gives the gave the première on 14 October 2009 at to generate the canon. The one last game violin once again sings a cantilena of impression of being scholastic – more City Recital Hall Angel Place, Sydney. theoretical than practical. That’s why no embedded in the set concerns the number the glory of love. The piece ends in a instrumentation is specified for The Art of of canons: fourteen is perhaps not arbitrary; The composer writes: melancholic yet light mood. Fugue or for the tiny canons of BWV1087 in the numerology of Bach’s day, the letters I started composing the fantasy for violin Vox amoris was created by an initiative of the – they are pure thought. They are also B-A-C-H add up to 14. If this arcane fact and orchestra Vox amoris (Voice of Love) in Australian Chamber Orchestra and its leader riddles. Bach presents the canons in a kind of seems like a reach, consider that there are autumn 2008 and finished the score in early Richard Tognetti. I hope this work will reach shorthand – a few bars of music – with a Latin also 14 Contrapuncti in The Art of Fugue. spring 2009. What is the message I wanted listeners, making the world a little brighter tag or visual clue to unlock the counterpoint to announce? It is about the greatest power and more open to love. Abridged from a note © Robert Wesley _ he has hidden, in two to six parts. For Murray. in the whole world – love. Love is, was and Peteris Vasks © 2009 example, the first canon (I) Simplex presents will be as long as we will be. I believe that the six-bar bassline (the “subject”) with a This is the first performance of this work by the solo violin and string orchestra is the best This is the first performance of this work by the bass clef at one end and an upside-down Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra. combination for a “love story”. Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra.

6 7 JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809)

Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, was composed for performances by Leipzig’s Symphony No 104 in D, London also a master of surprise. These are precisely BWV1043 Collegium Musicum in the 1730s. This was Adagio – Allegro the qualities that helped to make Haydn’s Vivace an association of student and professional Andante music so popular in London in the 1790s. Audiences were kept alert and entertained. Largo ma non tanto musicians that presented weekly concerts under Bach’s direction for the public as well Menuet (Allegro) – Trio This particular symphony, which sometimes Allegro as for the nobility. Bach’s own transcription Finale (Spiritoso) goes by the nickname “London”, is the Bach composed several concertos that of the Double Violin Concerto for two All sorts of grand claims have been made for last of the 12 that Haydn wrote for concert- employ the violin as soloist. In addition harpsichords – transposed down to the key symphonies over the years, but in Haydn’s goers in the British capital and helped to to the famous Double Concerto for Two of C minor to fit the keyboard range – was day a symphony was simply a pleasant and cement his reputation as the most illustrious Violins there are two solo violin concertos, a made in 1739 and was also intended for diverting piece of music that helped to make composer of the age. reconstructed Double Concerto for Violin and performance by the Collegium Musicum. for an enjoyable night out. Listening to a Having presented us with a spacious and Oboe, a Triple Concerto for Violin, Flute and The first movement of the Double Concerto symphony was not supposed to be hard good-natured first movement, Haydn Harpsichord, and the set of six Brandenburg begins with a striking and incisive fugal work; the composer’s job was to keep the ventures into more intimate realms for the Concertos (in three of which the violin exposition, the initial rising motive of listener interested and engaged. Haydn, slow movement, Andante. String sonorities takes a primary role). More concertos were which closely resembles the theme of an who did more than any other composer predominate (no militaristic trumpets and undoubtedly written but have unfortunately early concerto in G minor by Vivaldi. The to establish the fledgling symphony as a drums here!) but the woodwinds are put not survived. This is due to the fact that little orchestral inner parts actively participate in genre of importance, understood the ways to good use in the tempestuous episodes of Bach’s immense output was published successive statements of this principal idea and means of piquing a listener’s interest. (surprise!) that break up the easy-going tone during his lifetime, and upon his death the – a technique that gives Bach’s concertos Variety is the keyword. The four movements of most of the movement. The Menuet is majority of his manuscripts were divided a unique polyphonic dimension – whilst that make up a symphony, while cohering of the robust type – more barnyard than and scattered between family members the two soloists indulge in almost continual as a single entity, present a wide variety of ballroom – while the soothing Trio introduces and various employers. dialogue and motivic exchange. Throughout moods and tempi. Typically, an expansive an element of calm. The opening of the the movement the solo violins function as and rigorous first movement gives way to Finale picks up the rustic tone of the Menuet Bach first began exploring the concerto leading voices of the ensemble and at no a sedate slow movement which is followed with drones in the horns and lower strings, form when he was employed at the court point exhibit overt individualistic virtuosity. by a movement which itself falls into two while the anapaests of the principal theme in Weimar. It was there, in 1713, that he contrasting parts (minuet and trio) after which (first enunciated by the violins) project a became aware of ’s numerous The energetic last movement is also the symphony comes to a close with an mood of unbridled joy. On the strength of abundant in imitation, with the two solo parts concertos that were being published and energetic finale. And within each movement this movement alone, we can assume the remaining in very tight counterpoint and disseminated across Europe. Bach studied, contrasting keys, motives, themes, gestures Beethoven learnt much from his esteemed, close juxtaposition throughout. The central copied and made transcriptions for either and episodes further enhance the ever- older contemporary. organ or harpsichord of around 15 concertos slow movement provides essential expressive changing musical topography. The listener’s by Vivaldi in 1713-14 alone, and they contrast. It is cast in the key of F major, and ears, in other words, are constantly kept in Robert Gibson © 2016 proved to have a profound effect on his the two violins peacefully intertwine lyrical play by the sheer diversity of the musical own concerto writing. He was attracted to and expansive melodic lines over a lilting The Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra first material on offer. performed this work with conductor Kenneth Vivaldi’s transparency of design, structural harmonic support. Take, for example, the work being performed Murison Bourn in Hobart and Launceston on symmetry, expressive directness, thematic 9 and 10 June 1955 and, most recently, with James Cuddeford © 2016 here, Haydn’s Symphony No 104. Within memorability and driving motor rhythms. Eivind Aadland in Hobart on 12 June 2009. the first two minutes we hear a grand, These features were absorbed into his The Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra first military style gesture, a mournful and more harmonically complex and performed this work with conductor John Farnsworth Hall and soloists Lionel Hickey and somewhat tragic paragraph, a reprise of the contrapuntally rich personal language. Frank Ellery on 17 February 1953 and, most opening gesture (shorn of its military pomp) The Double Concerto survives, alongside the recently, with Kynan Johns and soloists Lucy Carrig and further working-out of the mournful and Jennifer Owen on 7 May 1997. Violin Concerto in A minor, in a set of parts paragraph. All of this gives way at the start of that date from around 1730 in Leipzig. For the Allegro to completely new and unrelated many years it was assumed that the work material – a rather jolly tune in the bright key was written around a decade earlier during of D major which, as it happens, will be the a period when the composer was focusing principal theme of the entire movement. That on the production of instrumental music for is to say, in the space of a very short period of Prince Leopold in Cöthen. However, it seems time, Haydn presents us with a tremendous highly probable that the Double Concerto variety of ideas. But not just variety, Haydn is

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