The Impact of Capstone Phase 1 Program Final Report
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The Impact of Capstone Phase 1 Program Final Report September 2005 Aviation Technology Division The MITRE Corporation’s Center for Advanced Aviation System Development College of Business College of Aviation The Impact of Capstone Phase 1 Program Final Report Acknowledgements The authors of this report gratefully acknowledge information provided by the following organizations or groups: Airlines, Operators and Pilots in the Y-K Delta; Air Traffic Controllers and Management at Anchorage Center and Bethel Tower Anchorage Flight Standards District Office Community Business and Civil Leaders in Bethel and the Villages Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory Points of Contact University of Alaska Anchorage, Aviation Technology Division Paul Herrick, Associate Dean, Community and Technical College University of Alaska Anchorage 3211 Providence Drive Anchorage, Alaska 99504 Telephone: 907 786-6411 Fax: 907 786-6401 Email: [email protected] MITRE, Center for Advanced Aviation Systems Development Patrick Murphy, Safety Management 7515 Colshire Drive McLean, Virginia, 22102 Telephone: 703 983-7080 Fax: 703 983-6653 Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 207 The Impact of Capstone Phase 1 Program Final Report 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Importance of Aviation in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta............................................... 4 1.2 Traffic in the Y-K Delta.................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Historical Accidents in the Y-K Delta............................................................................ 7 2 Capstone Program Background .............................................................................................. 9 2.1 Capstone Program Initiation ........................................................................................... 9 2.2 Overview of the Technical Aspects of Phase 1 .............................................................. 9 3 Capstone Implementation History ........................................................................................ 12 3.1 Overview....................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Approaches ................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 AWOS........................................................................................................................... 12 3.4 GBTs............................................................................................................................. 14 3.5 Aircraft and Avionics.................................................................................................... 15 3.5.1 Aircraft Equipage...................................................................................................... 15 3.5.2 Avionics Component Reliability............................................................................... 16 3.6 Air Traffic Control........................................................................................................ 18 3.6.1 Radar-like Services ................................................................................................... 18 3.6.2 Tower Services and Approach Control..................................................................... 18 3.6.3 Flight Monitoring...................................................................................................... 19 3.7 Training......................................................................................................................... 19 4 Capstone Achievements........................................................................................................ 23 4.1 Aviation Operations...................................................................................................... 23 4.1.1 Airline Management’s Viewpoint............................................................................. 23 4.1.1.1 Scheduling and Dispatch...........................................................................................24 4.1.1.2 Flight Monitoring...................................................................................................... 24 4.1.1.3 Pilot Surveys............................................................................................................. 25 4.1.1.3.1 Overview............................................................................................................... 25 4.1.1.3.2 Traffic ................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.1.3.3 Terrain................................................................................................................... 30 4.1.1.3.4 Flight Planning...................................................................................................... 33 4.1.1.3.5 Navigation............................................................................................................. 35 4.1.1.3.6 Weather................................................................................................................. 38 4.1.1.3.7 GPS Approaches ................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Aviation Services.......................................................................................................... 45 4.2.1 Fleet Changes............................................................................................................ 45 4.2.2 Improved Access....................................................................................................... 47 4.2.2.1 Business Leader’s and Public Servant’s Viewpoint ................................................. 48 4.2.2.2 Village Leadership’s Viewpoint ............................................................................... 49 4.3 Search and Rescue........................................................................................................ 50 4.4 Air Traffic Control........................................................................................................ 52 4.4.1 Air Traffic Control Changes ..................................................................................... 52 4.4.1.1 Bethel Tower............................................................................................................. 52 4.4.1.2 Anchorage Center..................................................................................................... 52 4.5 Aviation Safety ............................................................................................................. 55 Page 2 of 207 The Impact of Capstone Phase 1 Program Final Report 4.5.1 Accidents in 2004..................................................................................................... 55 4.5.2 Comparison of Accident Types to Projected Capstone Benefits.............................. 56 4.5.3 Comparison of Y-K Delta Accident Rates to Other Parts of Alaska........................ 57 4.5.4 Comparison of Accident Rates Before, During, and After Equipage/Start of Services 59 4.5.5 Comparison of Accident Rates Between Operator and Operations Types............... 60 4.6 Other Y-K Delta Programs/Impacts.............................................................................. 62 4.6.1 Mail Rule Change ..................................................................................................... 62 4.6.2 Medallion Program ................................................................................................... 62 5 Conclusions........................................................................................................................... 64 5.1 Summary Conclusions.................................................................................................. 64 5.2 Lessons Learned – Safety and Impact Reporting ......................................................... 64 5.2.1 Operations Data........................................................................................................ 64 5.2.2 Population Definition................................................................................................ 65 5.2.3 Survey Data Gathering.............................................................................................. 65 5.2.4 Predicting Program Impacts...................................................................................... 65 5.3 Future ............................................................................................................................ 65 6 Appendices............................................................................................................................ 67 6.1 Appendix A: Capstone Equipped Aircraft Accidents................................................... 67 6.2 Appendix B: Summarized Operating Data Tables...................................................... 114 6.3 Appendix C: Participating Operator and Aircraft Tables ........................................... 121 6.4 Appendix D: The Impact of Capstone on Air Traffic Control.................................... 126 6.5 Appendix E: Airline Surveys...................................................................................... 141 E.1 Pilot Responses ......................................................................................................