Research Areas

Ongoing Research Areas: 36 Research Areas, 488 Research Projects

Keyword Research Area Research Supervisor First Year Call for Proposals Project 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Page Creation of Fundamental Theory and Technology to Establish a Cooperative Distributed Energy EMS Masayuki Fujita FY2012 Open 16 P2 Management System and Integration of Technologies Across Broad Disciplines toward Social Application Nobuhide Kasagi Phase Interface Phase Interface Science for Highly Efficient Energy Utilization FY2011 Open 9 P4 Kazuhito Hashimoto G

r Plant Sciences for Creation of Essential Technologies to Utilize Carbon Dioxide as a Resource Through the e Akira Isogai FY2011 Open 9 P6 e CO2 Utilization Enhancement of Plant Productivity and the Exploitation of Plant Products n

I n Establishment of Core Technology for the Preservation and Regeneration of Marine Biodiversity FY2011 11 P8

n Marine Biodiversity Isao Koike Open and Ecosystems o v

a Creation of Basic Technology for Improved Bioenergy Production through Functional Analysis and t Algae Bioenergy Tadashi Matsunaga FY2010 — 13 P10 i o Regulation of Algae and Other Aquatic Microorganisms n Solar Energy Creative Research for Clean Energy Generation Using Solar Energy Masafumi Yamaguchi FY2009 — 15 P12 Shinichiro Ohgaki Sustainable Water Use Innovative Technology and System for Sustainable Water Use FY2009 — 17 P14 Mikio Yoda

Control CO2 Creation of Innovative Technologies to Control Carbon Dioxide Emissions Itaru Yasui FY2008 — 15 P16 Innovation for Ideal Medical Treatment Based on the Understanding of Maintenance, Change and Homeostasis Ryozo Nagai FY2012 Open 5 P18 Breakdown Mechanisms of Homeostasis among Interacting Organ Systems Structural Life Science Structural Life Science and Advanced Core Technologies for Innovative Life Science Research Keiji Tanaka FY2012 Open 6 P19 Masayuki Yamamoto Epigenome Development of Fundamental Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy Based upon Epigenome Analysis FY2011 Open 14 P20 Toshikazu Ushijima L i f Dynamic of Biosystems Creation of Fundamental Technologies for Understanding and Control of Dynamic of Biosystems Tadashi Yamamoto FY2011 Open 5 P22 e

I n FY2010 — 17 P23

n Chronic Inflammation The Creation of Basic Medical Technologies to Clarify and Control the Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Inflammation Masayuki Miyasaka o v

a Brain Neural Network Elucidation of the Principles of Formation and Function of the Brain Neural Network and Creation of Control Technologies Seiji Ozawa FY2009 — 19 P25 t i o

n iPS Cells Fundamental Technologies for Medicine Concerning the Generation and Regulation of Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells Toshio Suda FY2008 — 23 P27 The Immune System Etiological Basics of and Techniques for Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases Kazuo Sugamura FY2008 — 15 P30 Creation of a Novel Technology towards Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Understanding of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Teruhiko Higuchi FY2007 — 14 P32 Molecular Pathogenesis of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Biological System The Dynamic Mechanism of and Fundamental Technology for Biological System Shigetada Nakanishi FY2006 — 9 P34 Metabolism Basic Technologies for Controlling Cell Functions Based on Metabolic Regulation Mechanism Analysis Masahiro Nishijima FY2005 — 15 P36

N Molecular Technology Establishment of Molecular Technology towards the Creation of New Functions Hisashi Yamamoto FY2012 Open 4 P38 a n FY2010 — 12 P40 o Element Strategy Creation of Innovative Functions of Intelligent Materials on the Basis of Element Strategy Kohei Tamao t e

c Enhancing Applications of Innovative Optical Science and Technologies by Making Ultimate Use of

h Advanced Light Sources Tadashi Itoh FY2008 — 16 P42

n Advanced Light Sources o l o Nanosystems Creation of Nanosystems with Novel Function through Process Integration Jun'ichi Sone FY2008 — 16 P44 g y

a Nanostructures Development of High-Performance Nanostructures for Process Integration Masahiro Irie FY2008 — 16 P46 n d

Next-generation Devices Research of Innovative Material and Process for Creation of Next-Generation Electronics Devices Hisatsune Watanabe FY2007 — 18 P48 M a

t Nano-Interface Development of the Foundation for Nano-Interface Technology Seiji Shinkai FY2006 — 15 P50 e r i a Nano-Manufacturing Establishment of Innovative Manufacturing Technology Based on Nanoscience Yasuhiro Horiike FY2006 — 16 P52 l s Photonics Photonics and Quantum Optics for the Creation of Innovative Functions Tatsuo Izawa FY2005 — 16 P54 I n f o r m a t i d C u c T post-Peta Scale Development of System Software Technologies for post-Peta Scale High Performance Computing Akinori Yonezawa FY2010 — 14 P56 Human-Harmonized IT Creation of Human-Harmonized Information Technology for Convivial Society Yoh'ichi Tohkura FY2009 — 17 P58 Mathematics Alliance for Breakthrough between Mathematics and Sciences (ABMS) Yasumasa Nishiura FY2008 — 13 P60 Dependable VLSI Fundamental Technologies for Dependable VLSI System Shojiro Asai FY2007 — 11 P62 Mario Tokoro Embedded OS Dependable Operating Systems for Embedded Systems Aiming at Practical Applications FY2006 — 9 P64 Yoichi Muraoka Advanced Sensing Advanced Integrated Sensing Technologies Kiyoshi Itao FY2005 — 15 P66 e c h n o l g y Ultra Low Power Technology Innovation and Integration for Information Systems with Ultra Low Power Takashi Nanya FY2005 — 12 P68 Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics High Performance Computing for Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics Phenomena Genki Yagawa FY2005 — 21 P70

Completed Research Areas(40 Research Areas, 575 Research Projects) are listed on page 74.

2 CORE RESEARCH FOR EVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Keyword Research Area Research Supervisor First Year Call for Proposals Project 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Page Creation of Fundamental Theory and Technology to Establish a Cooperative Distributed Energy EMS Masayuki Fujita FY2012 Open 16 P2 Management System and Integration of Technologies Across Broad Disciplines toward Social Application Nobuhide Kasagi Phase Interface Phase Interface Science for Highly Efficient Energy Utilization Deputy Research Supervisor FY2011 Open 9 P4 Kazuhito Hashimoto G

r Plant Sciences for Creation of Essential Technologies to Utilize Carbon Dioxide as a Resource Through the e Akira Isogai FY2011 Open 9 P6 e CO2 Utilization Enhancement of Plant Productivity and the Exploitation of Plant Products n

I n Establishment of Core Technology for the Preservation and Regeneration of Marine Biodiversity FY2011 11 P8 n Marine Biodiversity Isao Koike Open and Ecosystems o v a Creation of Basic Technology for Improved Bioenergy Production through Functional Analysis and t Algae Bioenergy Tadashi Matsunaga FY2010 — 13 P10 i o Regulation of Algae and Other Aquatic Microorganisms n Solar Energy Creative Research for Clean Energy Generation Using Solar Energy Masafumi Yamaguchi FY2009 — 15 P12 Shinichiro Ohgaki Sustainable Water Use Innovative Technology and System for Sustainable Water Use Deputy Research Supervisor FY2009 — 17 P14 Mikio Yoda

Control CO2 Creation of Innovative Technologies to Control Carbon Dioxide Emissions Itaru Yasui FY2008 — 15 P16 Innovation for Ideal Medical Treatment Based on the Understanding of Maintenance, Change and Homeostasis Ryozo Nagai FY2012 Open 5 P18 Breakdown Mechanisms of Homeostasis among Interacting Organ Systems Structural Life Science Structural Life Science and Advanced Core Technologies for Innovative Life Science Research Keiji Tanaka FY2012 Open 6 P19 Masayuki Yamamoto Epigenome Development of Fundamental Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy Based upon Epigenome Analysis Deputy Research Supervisor FY2011 Open 14 P20 Toshikazu Ushijima L i f Dynamic of Biosystems Creation of Fundamental Technologies for Understanding and Control of Dynamic of Biosystems Tadashi Yamamoto FY2011 Open 5 P22 e

I n FY2010 — 17 P23 n Chronic Inflammation The Creation of Basic Medical Technologies to Clarify and Control the Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Inflammation Masayuki Miyasaka o v

a Brain Neural Network Elucidation of the Principles of Formation and Function of the Brain Neural Network and Creation of Control Technologies Seiji Ozawa FY2009 — 19 P25 t i o n iPS Cells Fundamental Technologies for Medicine Concerning the Generation and Regulation of Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells Toshio Suda FY2008 — 23 P27 The Immune System Etiological Basics of and Techniques for Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases Kazuo Sugamura FY2008 — 15 P30 Creation of a Novel Technology towards Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Understanding of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Teruhiko Higuchi FY2007 — 14 P32 Molecular Pathogenesis of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Biological System The Dynamic Mechanism of and Fundamental Technology for Biological System Shigetada Nakanishi FY2006 — 9 P34 Metabolism Basic Technologies for Controlling Cell Functions Based on Metabolic Regulation Mechanism Analysis Masahiro Nishijima FY2005 — 15 P36

N Molecular Technology Establishment of Molecular Technology towards the Creation of New Functions Hisashi Yamamoto FY2012 Open 4 P38 a n FY2010 — 12 P40 o Element Strategy Creation of Innovative Functions of Intelligent Materials on the Basis of Element Strategy Kohei Tamao t e c Enhancing Applications of Innovative Optical Science and Technologies by Making Ultimate Use of h Advanced Light Sources Tadashi Itoh FY2008 — 16 P42

n Advanced Light Sources o l o Nanosystems Creation of Nanosystems with Novel Function through Process Integration Jun'ichi Sone FY2008 — 16 P44 g y

a Nanostructures Development of High-Performance Nanostructures for Process Integration Masahiro Irie FY2008 — 16 P46 n d

Next-generation Devices Research of Innovative Material and Process for Creation of Next-Generation Electronics Devices Hisatsune Watanabe FY2007 — 18 P48 M a

t Nano-Interface Development of the Foundation for Nano-Interface Technology Seiji Shinkai FY2006 — 15 P50 e r i a Nano-Manufacturing Establishment of Innovative Manufacturing Technology Based on Nanoscience Yasuhiro Horiike FY2006 — 16 P52 l s Photonics Photonics and Quantum Optics for the Creation of Innovative Functions Tatsuo Izawa FY2005 — 16 P54 I n f o r m a t i d C u c T post-Peta Scale Development of System Software Technologies for post-Peta Scale High Performance Computing Akinori Yonezawa FY2010 — 14 P56 Human-Harmonized IT Creation of Human-Harmonized Information Technology for Convivial Society Yoh'ichi Tohkura FY2009 — 17 P58 Mathematics Alliance for Breakthrough between Mathematics and Sciences (ABMS) Yasumasa Nishiura FY2008 — 13 P60 Dependable VLSI Fundamental Technologies for Dependable VLSI System Shojiro Asai FY2007 — 11 P62 Mario Tokoro Embedded OS Dependable Operating Systems for Embedded Systems Aiming at Practical Applications Deputy Research Supervisor FY2006 — 9 P64 Yoichi Muraoka Advanced Sensing Advanced Integrated Sensing Technologies Kiyoshi Itao FY2005 — 15 P66 e c h n o l g y Ultra Low Power Technology Innovation and Integration for Information Systems with Ultra Low Power Takashi Nanya FY2005 — 12 P68 Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics High Performance Computing for Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics Phenomena Genki Yagawa FY2005 — 21 P70

3 Creation of FY2012 Distributed intrusion detection The optimal mechanism for integrating methods for power grids and control strategic behaviors of agents on Fundamental Theory communication networks in electric energy supply-demand networks into and Technology to power systems public benefit Hideaki Ishii Kenko Uchida Establish a Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor, Waseda University

In future electric power systems, wide use The next generation energy supply- Cooperative of general-purpose communication such demand systems are equipped with the as the Internet is inevitable and thus energy transmission network and the raises the importance of measures for interactive information-communication Distributed Energy cyber security. This research aims at network as infrastructures. The systems developing distributed methods for are constituted of supply and/or demand detection of cyber attacks against power agents, who try to maximize their own Management System systems. The main feature of our approach lies in individual profits by exploiting information over the interactive communication network, and a single constructing and combining mathematical models for the agent, called utility, who corresponds to a public commission and Integration of dynamics in the two grids/networks of power and control and tries to maximize public benefit. In this research project, communication. Estimation is made regarding attacked we aim at establishing theoretical foundations and developing locations/devices and levels of their maliciousness by design methodologies of the integration mechanism that Technologies Across observing the differences between the model behaviors and optimally integrates the strategic decision making and control the real-time data collected from the two networks. The of supply and/or demand dynamical agents into public proposed methods will be implemented on a test bed to carry benefit, and copes with issues caused by environmental Broad Disciplines out experimental evaluations. variations associated with the use of renewable energy. Toward Social Optimal dispatch control of huge- Realization of distributedly and cooperatively Application scale power systems under prediction controlled power distribution systems with uncertainty of photovoltaic power fault ride-through capabilities consisting of generation grid connection inverters and batteries Jun-ichi Imura Yoshito Ohta Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor, Kyoto University

The main purpose of this research project We propose distributed cooperative is to develop a basic theory of real-time control methods for power distribution optimal dispatch control of huge-scale systems consisting of grid connection power systems with a large number of inverters and batteries. We develop a grid-connected photovoltaic systems. theory for designing controllers for More specifically, we will develop a theory inverters having fast responses to for optimally controlling spinning reserve guarantee fault ride-through capabilities. generators as well as batteries in the presence of prediction We design a cooperative controller robust against Research Supervisor: uncertainty in photovoltaic power generation and power characteristics of inverters and batteries to suppress demand, with clarity of the relation between power prediction frequency and voltage changes caused by load and power Masayuki Fujita precision and system optimality, to efficiently and maximally supply fluctuation. Moreover, we verify the proposed utilize the photovoltaic systems. methods via experiments using a programmable power Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology source and a real time simulator.

Home energy management system Robust distributed optimal control for with consideration of consumer enabling approximately 75% acceptability penetration of wind and solar generation to electrical grids Yumiko Iwafune Hiromitsu Ohmori Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Keio University

In order to achieve large deployment of The goal of this project is to develop and renewable energy with variable experimentally demonstrate a robust characteristics of power output, the distributed optimal control algorithm that balancing capability of energy supply and enables approximately 75% penetration of demand of a power systems should be wind and solar generations to electrical ensured. We aim to develop home energy grids. Two major challenges in achieving management system (HEMS) that has a this goal are 1) the risk of supply-demand function to help to balance the power demand as needed imbalance due to the significant uncertainty in wind and solar generations and 2) the highly distributed nature while maintaining comfort and convenience of consumers. of wind and solar generations, which requires a large-scale We will also conduct research on social mechanisms distributed optimization. We overcome the first challenge by including tariff system and consumer acceptability in order to employing a stochastic constrained optimal control approach promote HEMS. based on probabilistic models; the second challenge is addressed through a two-layer approach that consists of a local optimizer for each consumer and a global optimizer for a market. Finally we demonstrate the proposed algorithm using both numerical simulations and an on-campus test bed.

Development of a method to Construction and demonstration comprehend and predict wind community nano-grid based on conditions required for offshore `i-energy' wind-power generation Hiroshi Uyeda Takekazu Kato Professor, Nagoya University Researcher, Kyoto University

We will perform daily prediction Our project aims to reduct fluctuation of experiments (2 km horizontal resolution) e-power flows in the community by of offshore wind conditions throughout cooperation among autonomouse Japan using a high-resolution demand-side e-power management nonhydrostatic weather model, CReSS systems at homes/offices/factories, that (Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator). We we call "community nano-grid". aim to establish a calculation method of Concretely, our project focuses on three offshore-wind-energy by making detailed analyses of wind thechnical problems; (1) constructing the demand-side smart conditions (100 m horizontal resolution) off the coast of energy management system and their cooperation sysytem, Wajima in collaboration with the study group of Experimental (2) developping demand-supply macching algorithms for Study on Offshore Wind Observation System. leveling and stabilize e-power flows in the community, (3) estimation and control the bi-directional physical e-power flows. We verify our scheme in the small scale community demonstration fields and large scale community simulator.

2 バイオエネルギー 類 藻 EMS Dynamic analysis technologies for Fundamental study on theory and multi-energy systems modeling for novel applications of energy storage systems and controllable loads Yoshihiko Susuki Jumpei Baba Lecturer, Kyoto University Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

Multiscale phenomena are ubiquitous in It is an urgent and important issue to energy systems, which emerge the realize stable electric power supply under complex interaction in various physical the condition of large penetration of domains and among various scales. renewable energy source such as rooftop Understanding the multiscale phenomena photovoltaic cells or wind turbine and so is the key enabler to accomplishing on. In this study, to realize stable and energy management in an efficient, high quality electric power supply even in リンイベーション イノベ グリーン stable, and safe manner. The purpose of this study is to case of large-scale penetration of unpredictable renewable Green Innovation develop methodology and tools for analyzing the phenomena energy source, it will be studied novel applications of in multi-energy systems by an integration of ideas from secondary batteries and pumped hydro generation systems, dynamical systems, power and energy, systems and control, and control methods of loads (heat pump system, electric and information processing. vehicle ...) without lack of users convenience. Proposed models and methods will be tested by use of the digital full scale east Japanese power grid simulator where actual operation and control schemes are installed.

Design of model predictive energy Development of technology for management system using in-vehicle collaborative energy management system battery and foundation for versatile demonstrative research and its evaluation Tatsuya Suzuki Yasuhiro Hayashi Professor, Nagoya University Professor, Waseda University

In order to realize a robust and flexible This study focuses on Home Energy Energy nagement System (EMS), a Management System (HEMS) and Grid battery in the Electric Vehicle (EV) or Plug- Energy Management System (GEMS) and in Hybrid Vehicle (PHV) must be effectively proposes a novel framework for exploited. The In-Vehicle battery can be collaborative energy management system regarded as a special class of battery in based on the coherent energy the EMS because it is sometimes management flow; i.e., "forecast", embedded in the EMS but sometimes not available. For the "operation", and "control". This study also aims to build a effective use of the In-Vehicle battery, lots of problems must standard platform for evaluation of an energy management be addressed and solved from viewpoint of the system system based on simulations and experiments. theory. The goal of this research project is to realize the Home EMS (HEMS) and Community EMS (CEMS) based on a model predictive control framework wherein the In-Vehicle batteries are fully exploited.

Development of a complex network based Development of system control theory model and an optimization theory for for regional integrated energy system dynamics of electric power systems toward design : glocal control point of view large-scale integration of renewable energy Hideyuki Suzuki Shinji Hara Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo

To understand, analyze, and optimize the It is very important to develop ""regional dynamical behavior of electric power integrated energy systems,"" which can systems in which renewable energy is be operated regularly against changes of integrated on a large scale, mathematical environments and demands in a variety of models are indispensable. Although levels and are efficient from the view point qualitative models based on coupled of total energy. This research aims to oscillators are amenable to theoretical develop system control theory for analysis, they are too simple as models for real systems. On providing systematic design methods of such systems from the other hand, quantitative models reflecting detailed glocal control view point through their applications to practical characteristics of real systems are too complicated to analyze problems in three different types of energy systems, where theoretically. In this study, we develop a dynamical model glocal control is a new framework to realize global desired based on complex networks that bridges the qualitative and state by local actions of measurement and control. quantitative models, aiming at elucidating distributed cooperative dynamics and realizing network optimization.

Development of a geoscientific data Dependable control of networked analysis system for harmonized large-scale systems utilization of the terrestrial renewable energy Takashi Y. Nakajima Yasumasa Fujisaki Professor, Tokai University Professor, Osaka University

It is nessesary to estimate solar The aim of this research is to develop a irradiance, wind, and surface temperature dependable control theory for reliable with timely and accurately, for harminized electric power systems integrated with utilization of the terrestrial renewable intermittent renewable sources. The energy. In this study, we are going to systems can be regarded as a multilayer calculate and investigate such large-scale network composed of power geophysical values using the Earth distribution grids and information observing satellite systems and the numerical atmospheric networks. Then, electric fluctuation or failure in a subsystem models. Data quality assuarance is made by ground validation is sometimes magnified by source intermittency or layer systems of meteorology and atmospheric radiation. interdependency, which could cause a widespread blackout. The objectives of this research are to build a mathematical model for understanding this kind of propagation and to establish a methodology for analysis and synthesis of dependability in networked systems.

3 Phase Interface FY2011 Interface-region engineering of high- Interface science inspired nanoporous temperature electrodes based on composites for next-generation Science for Highly in-situ measurements under real energy devices Efficient Energy operation conditions Tatsuya Kawada Chen Mingwei Utilization Professor, Tohoku Univerfsity Professor, Tohoku University

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a flexible In this study we will develop innovative and expedient energy conversion system nanoporous metals and composites for for achieving stable energy supply with next-generation energy storage/ low carbon emission. A key technology conversion devices that possess both towards commercialization is the high power density and high energy optimization of the electordes, which, density, superior to current energy however, is not an easy task because of devices, for a wide range of practical the complicated processes taking place around the applications. The advanced functions of these devices will be interfaces. The goal of this study is to develop measurement achieved by optimizing and manipulating the surfaces and and analysis methods for understanding nano-, micro-, and interfaces inside the porous nano architecture on the basis of macro-scale behaviors of the interface region under real experimental and theoretical investigations of the unique operation conditions, and to establish an engineering surface/interface phenomena in the nanoporous materials. By approach to design the optimum interface for high utilizing high-resolution electron microscopy, in-situ Raman temperature electrodes. spectroscopy and ab-initio simulation, we will pursuit new discoveries in surface/interface science for the improved performances of the energy devices.

FY2012 Multi-scale and multi-physics Studies on ion transport in porous approach for designing materials and electrode for high rate performance microstructure of solid oxide fuel cell batteries electrodes Michihisa Koyama Takeshi Abe Professor, Kyushu University Professor, Kyoto University

Reduction of irreversible losses For fast charge-discharge reactions in the associated with reaction and mass rechargeable batteris, rapid transport of transport is important for higher efficiency ions and electrons in the electrode is of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). This essential. In this study, we will conduct project aims at improving SOFC efficiency fundamental studies on the ion transport by designing better materials and properties in the porous electrodes microstructure of electrodes. Toward this consisting of active material, conductive goal, intensive collaborations of experimental and simulation additive, and polymer binder. Based on this result, we will Research Supervisor: approaches will be performed. Drastic performance show the guideline of the porous electode with fast ion improvement of SOFC electrodes is challenged from both transport for the high rate performance batteries. Nobuhide Kasagi materials and microstructural aspects by integrating chemistry, mechanical engineering, materials engineering, Professor Emeritus, The University of etc. Tokyo Principal Fellow, CRDS, JST

Interfacial meta-fluidics Simultaneous preparation of bulk- heterojunction interface from soluble inorgenic precursors and application to hybrid solar cells Yasuyuki Takata Shuzi Hayase Professor, Kyushu University Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Deputy Research Supervisor: Heat and mass transfer at solid-gas-liquid This project is on fabrication of low cost interface, such as evaporation, and high efficiency solar cells. condensation and adsorption, strongly Conventional bulk-heterojunction solar Kazuhito Hashimoto influences the performance of various cells with organic and inorganic hybrid Professor, The University of Tokyo energy systems. The present study structures have potential as high efficiency proposes a new scientific discipline solar cells. However, some weak points "Meta-Fluidics" pursuing transcendence such as long preparation processes and of conventional performance of the systems by making use of less charge collection abilities have been reported. Our study nanostructures of interface. Optimum design of complex is aiming at solving these points. The bulk-heterojunction nanosturucture with the aid of knowledge from the meta- interface with the hybrid structure is prepared all at once from fluidics will be capable of creating innovative high-efficiency soluble inorganic precursors. We propose new materials, heat/mass transfer surfaces, which goes beyond the processes, and device structures to realize the structure. conventional macroscale measure of interface characteristics. Researchers in the fields of molecular design, syntheses, time resolved spectroscopy, cell structure, and processes join this project to design high performance photoconversion interfaces.

Nanocycle at nano-in-macro interface Development of triple-phase- boundary using innovative anion conductive polymers and its applications to alkaline fuel cells Kunio Takayanagi Kenji Miyatake Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor, University of Yamanashi

Contacts of nano and macro structures, For high performance and durable alkaline "nano-in-macro", can form specific fuel cells, the following research subjects phases which should govern cyclic are conducted: 1) stable anion conductive transport of ions and electrons moving polymers, 2) high performance non- into and out from the contact phase, precious metal electrocatalysts, and 3) "nanocycle". The nanocycle at nano-in- triple-phase-boundary with controlled macro is the key issue to be unveiled in reaction field. Conjugated anion order to make devices of a higher efficiency, i.e., lithium ion conductive polymers and non-precious metal electrocatalysts batteries and catalysts. Nano-in-macro structures and (prepared by nanocapsule method) are combined to form nanocycles are studied by the 50pm electron microscopy of electrocatalyst layers, of which structure is optimized to the world best resolution. achieve efficient fuel oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. The optimized electrocatalyst layers and the anion conductive membranes are used for improving the performance and durability of alkaline fuel cells.

4 バイオエネルギー 類 藻 Phase Interface Theoretical design of photoinduced phase-interface elementary processes based on computational energy conversion science Koichi Yamashita Professor, The University of Tokyo

The technology which holds the key to expanding the use of solar energy is viewed from the perspective of "phase- interface photoinduced elementary processes” and we study the control and optimization of the elementary processes required by each technology based on リンイベーション イノベ グリーン theoretical and computational chemistry. Organic solar cells Green Innovation and photocatalytic reactions are taken up as energy conversion technology. Phase-interfaces are built by basic materials, such as organic polymers, transition metal oxides, III-V compound semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, and graphenes etc., and we promote the computational energy conversion science for controlling and optimizing complex factors, such as phase-interface structure, impurities doping, and structural defects.

5 Creation of Essential FY2011 FY2012 Modeling of robust and flexible Development of plants with high photosynthesis on the basis of basic biomass productivity by chemical and Technologies to research biological regulations of plant Utilize Carbon hormone cross talk Toshiharu Shikanai Tadao Asami Dioxide as a Professor, Kyoto University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Recently Japanese scientists have Plant hormone cross talk regulates Resource Through contributed to the considerable several biological events that are involved development of the photosynthetic in plant life cycle. Recent development in research. The progresses were in the plant biology reveals the mechanisms of the Enhancement of understanding of fundamental mechanism plant hormone cross talk at the molecular of the light reaction at the level of crystal levels. Therefore, it is now possible to structure and also in that of the increase biomass productivity by the Plant Productivity evolutional strategy of terrestrial plants to adapt to the severe chemical and biological techniques that regulate these environments. On the basis of the progress in the basic mechanisms. The aim of this project is to find biomass high science, we try to develop the innovative technology to producing methods by combining the chemicals that can and the Exploitation improve the photosynthesis and also modify the scenario of control the molecular events in cross talk and the evolutional strategy of plants. The goal is the modeling of manipulation of the factors that mediate plant hormone cross of Plant Products robust and flexible machinery of photosynthesis. talk.

Develpment of stay-green plants Development of high-biomass plants through genetic modification of by induction of DNA polyploidization chloroplast functions

Ayumi Tanaka Masaaki Umeda Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Genetic modification of plant and While, in many plant species, DNA organelle genomes sometimes results in polyploidization promotes cell expansion retained greeness during leaf senescence and organ growth, it does not occur in in plants. These phenomena are referred some plant species used for biorefinery, to as stay-green. Now that our such as poplar and rice. In this project, knowledge on photosynthesis and we develop technologies that induce DNA chloroplast functions is significantly polyploidization and enlargement of sink increased, it is possible to explore new strategies to develop organs in poplar and rice. Increased DNA content results in Research Supervisor: new types of stay-green plants. In this project, we aim to higher accumulation of metabolites as well as enhanced cell produce new stay-green plants that have prolonged expansion, thus the technologies developed in this project will Akira Isogai photosynthetic activity through the modificatin of the significantly increase plant productivity and contribute to photosythetic machinery, the genetic control of the utilization of carbon dioxide. President, Nara Institute of Science and chloroplast quality, and the improvement of the chloroplast Technology function. In addition, we will attempt to understand the fundamental mechanisms pertaining to the biogenesis, the maintenance and the degradation of the chloroplasts.

Creation of plants having optimal Fundamental research for technology photosynthetic production system in development in productivity through the future global environment simultaneous improvement of functions of sink and source organs in plants Kouki Hikosaka Shigeru Shigeoka Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Kinki University

The aim of the present study is to create Potato plants are in origin high-yield plants that have optimal photosynthetic crops. We aim at further powering up production system in the future global productivity of these plants by environment. We try to identify plant traits transforming them with genes for and related genes that improve future strengthening functions of source and plant production, from natural variations sink organs. At the same time, functions and artificial mutations showing the of the genes responsible for the greater highest adapation abilities to the future environmental yield and the mechanism of metabolic interaction between conditions. Furthermore, we develop a new procedure to these organs are analyzed at the molecular level. Thereby, we select lines with optimal traits without using transgenic would like to contribute to recycling atmospheric CO2 for techniques. industrial stock in the near future.

Development of lignin-derived Creation of novel biopolymers based on functional polymers from plants by the microbial factory by utilizing plant catalytic reactions responsive to biomass resources and their fabrication electromagnetic waves to high-performance materials Takashi Watanabe Seiichi Taguchi Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Hokkaido University

We synthesize new catalysts having Our project is aimed at developing the affinity to lignin in plant cell walls and microbial factory for biosynthesis of novel absorption properties of electromagnetic type of bipolymers from plant biomass- waves. We analyze hyperfine molecular derived sugars and fatty acids. Microbial structures of whole lignified plant tissues factory optimized by enzyme engineerng and develop highly efficient lignin- and metabolic engineering will provide a degrading reaction systems using the variety of highly enantio-pure biopolymers catalysts and a newly developed electromagnetic wave that can exhibit diverse properties by controllable irradiator, thereby producing linear type lignin and copolymerization. Novel plant biomass-based esterified polymerizable monomers. The isolated molecules are purified polysaccharides will function as nucleating agents to facilitate and converted to functional aromatic polymers with high level the processibility of the biopolymers in manufacturing value- of physical strength, solvent tolerance, dispersibility, shock added nanofibers and films. resistance or ultraviolet absorption properties.

6 Plant Sciences for CO Novel techniques of tailor-made breeding for energy crop improvement using high-throughput genotyping

Nobuhiro Tsutsumi Professor, The University of Tokyo

Sorghum, which is mainly used for fodder, 2 also has high potential as a raw material Utilization for bioenergy. For bioenergy purposes it is imperative to breed a cultivar that both grows robustly and contains ample amounts of the components that can easily be converted into ethanol. With this research, we will make skillful use of the latest genome Green Innovation analysis techniques and establish new techniques for the rapid production of cultivars. Targeting areas of cultivation where there are actual plans for ethanol production, we will develop techniques to create new varieties optimized for the environment of each particular region.

7 Establishment of FY2011 Development of remote species Development of simulation techniques identification technologies for marine to nowcast the biodiversity of marine Core Technology for organisms phytoplankton The Preservation Tomonari Akamatsu Yasuhiro Yamanaka and Regeneration of Chief researcher, Fisheries Research Agency Professor, Hokkaido University

Sustainable use of marine bio-resources The aim of this research is to provide Marine Biodiversity and protection of environment will be scientific basis for marine biodiversity realized if distribution and movement of management and prediction of fishery each aquatic species will be provided on resources. Towards this end, we and Ecosystems the Internet like a weather forcast. We will investigate biodiversity mechanisms of develop remote identification technologies phytoplankton groups, such as a of species and numbers of organisms formation, maintenance and decay, in the without catching or viewing them. Identification of species western North Pacific, by using (1) numerical modeling,(2) and counting number of individuals will be conducted by satellite remote sensing and (3) in situ observation. Especially, passive and active sonar systems. The goal of this project is we will develop basic techniques of a real-time simulation of to develop remote identification method for every aquatic the biodiversity by assimilating satellite observations of marine species including planktons and whales in the ocean echo physical conditions and phytoplankton groups to an system as well as the environmental factors such as human ecosystem model. impacts and earthquakes using cutting-edge acoustic technologies.

FY2012 Synthesis of an autonomous Developing a new ecosystem underwater vehicle (AUV) fleet for assessment method applicable to bio-sampling using 3D data-limited situations by integrating reconstructions of the seafloor marine ecology and machine learning Tamaki Ura Hiroshi Okamura Professor, The University of Tokyo Group Leader, Fisheries Research Agency

The primary goal of this research is to quantitatively map the Quantifying impacts on marine diversity volume and the diversity of marine life in the benthic zones near by environments and human activities gas hydrates and hydrothermally active sites. By using high such as fisheries is a key for sustainable performance autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to obtain use of marine resources. However, data sub-centimeter order resolution image and bathymetric data from wide areas of the seafloor, the aim is to generate accurate 3D available for ecosystem assessments are reconstructions of seafloors and their benthos. Furthermore, by generally limited and have large performing systematic and regular surveys in this manner, we uncertainty. This research aims at hope to deepen understanding into the role played by these mineral oases as a habitat for marine developing an ecosystem model for assessing and predicting Research Supervisor: life, and through this form a basis for accurate prediction changes in both the volume and diversity the ecosystem under limited and uncertain data by using of marine life. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to develop a fleet of diverse autonomous flexible methods such as new statistical approaches and Isao Koike underwater systems, each specializing in a particular aspect of each mission, for example machine learning. It should contribute very much to performing in situ chemical analysis and sampling of deep-sea macro and micro biology as well as conservation and restoration of marine ecosystems. Auditor, University of the Ryukyu components of their environment. The proposed systems will be deployed in a series of missions in oceanographic regions of interest that are subject to temporal change, such as the hydrothermally active sites in Hatoma and Kagoshima bay, and the results and experience gained from these missions will be fed-back into engineering developments to redefine the state of the art for AUVs, and contribute a new, quantitative method for surveying deep sea marine ecology.

Development of marine ecosystem Development of three dimensional evaluation methods in the high mapping system of marine macrophyte throughput sequencing era beds using hyper- and multi-spectral remote sensing from air and seasurface Kazuhiro Kogure Teruhisa Komatsu Professor, the University of Tokyo Associate Professor, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo Recent remarkable progresses in the Marine macrophyte beds provide various DNA sequencing and bioinformatics ecosystem services such as food supply, technologies have made it possible to nutrient recycling, etc. It is necessary to collect and analyze huge sequence data appropriately manage marine macrophyte within short time. The present project beds not to decrease them. Thus, it is aims at developing new analytical desired to develop mapping systems that methods for DNA and RNA obtained from can measure species of marine marine environments. The methods should reveal community macrophytes, their distribution and biomasses. This study structures and functions of organisms together with their aims to develop two mapping systems: one is to detect environmental parameters, thus offering a promising new marine macrophytes by an optical sensor using hyperspectral approach to evaluate environmental status. images built on the small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), capable of amphibious take-off/landing. The other is to detect them by acoustic sensors using narrow multi-beam ultrasounds on the small unmanned marine vehicle (UMV).

Evaluation of biodiversity and Development of a new ecosystem prediction of environmental changes model to represent the adaptive by digital dna chip capacity of plankton communities in the North Pacifi Takashi Gojobori Sherwood Lan Smith Vice-Director and Professor, Research Organizatin of Information Scientist, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and and System, National Institute of Genetics Technology In the present study, with the aim of Based on the theoretical concept of understanding the effects of the gigantic optimality, expressed in terms of eco- earthquake and its resulting tsunami in physiological trade-offs, this project aims Tohoku area on marine biodiversity and to: 1) develop a new, efficient model of ecosystem, we develop a meta-genomic the biodiversity of plankton communities method of observing a variety of marine and how it in turn determines the adaptive microorganisms at once and its practical capacity of lower-trophic ecosystems as application to environmental monitoring. Utilizing the methods a function of environmental conditions, and 2) apply this new developed, we make assessment of marine environments by model to understand and predict the response of ecosystems comparing the diversity of microorganisms in spots along the to environmental change in the North Pacific Ocean. In the sea coasts between Tohoku area and other areas. The future, coupled with different models of the physical outcome of the present study is expected to make environment at various spatio-temporal scales, this new contributions to deeper understanding of marine ecosystem ecosystem model is expected to provide useful information of microorganisms. for addressing many problems that confront human society as the result of changes in the marine environment and ecosystems.

8 Marine Biodiversity Construction of the environmental risk mathematical model by the meta-omics analyses of marine unculturable microbes based on single cell genome information Haruko Takeama Professor, Waseda University

Correct understanding of marine ecosystems based on information with large-scale biological, chemical, and physical factors are essential for conserving marine ecosystem and forecasting risk. In this research, we attempt to obtain single cell genome information of marine uncultureable Green Innovation microbes from diverse coastal ecosystem in Okinawa, and the information will be used to conduct next generation type meta-omics analyses. Furthermore, the environmental risk mathematical model will be constructed with meta-omics data and environmental factors.

Development of Free-Ocean Real- Time Experimental System to elucidate non-linear dynamics of marine community Masahiro Nakaoka Professor, Hokkaido University

Marine environment is now facing multiple human-induced stresses such as overexploitation, eutrophication, temperature rise and ocean acidification. Concurrent changes in multiple environmental factors make it difficult to predict changes in marine biodiversity due to non-linear effects. To solve this problem, we need to establish methods to manipulate multiple factors in the field and to understand responses of marine communities continuously by real-time monitoring. We will develop FORTES (Free-Ocean Real-Time Experimental System) using seagrass beds as model systems.

Novel technologies to evaluate multi-scale variations of pelagic marine communities and biodiversity under the influence of the Kuroshio and internal waves in coastal habitats Hidekatsu Yamazaki Professor, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Ecological processes driven by environmental forcings occur over multiple space and time scales. This project focuses on characterizing multi-scale biodiversity dynamics in the Kuroshio affected habitats using a novel approach that combines numerical models with field observations obtained with advanced sensing technologies. The observed data will then be used with numerical methods to produce a new planktonic ecosystem model. In conjunction with this model development, a scheme will be developed to predict the dynamics and biodiversity of both phytoplankton and zooplankton.

9 Creation of Basic FY2010 Enhancing and fusing archaeal The Cyanofactory metabolism: a new approach towards Technology for bioenergy production Improved Bioenergy Haruyuki Atomi Koji Sode Production through Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

This project focuses on the Archaea, the Our research team is creating a novel Functional Analysis third domain of life distinct from the cyanobacterial system, designated as Bacteria and Eucarya. We first aim to “Cyanofactory”, for the production of understand and enhance the various biofuel-related compounds. The and Regulation of metabolic mechanisms of the Archaea Cyanofactory is composed of 1) a involved in bioenergy production and synthetic cyanobacterial host strains, 2) biomass degradation. With the aim to synthetic operons for the production of Algae and Other develop microorganisms with novel bioenergy-producing biofuel-related compounds, and 3) the employment of ion- capabilities, we will further explore the possibilities of fusing liquids for downstream processing. The Cyanofactory realizes these functions via genome-scale DNA recombination. the sustainable production of biofuel-related compounds Aquatic based on synthetic cyanobacterial processes with minimal Microorganisms energy and waste.

FY2011 Characterization of hydrocarbon Focused biotechnologies suitable for biosynthesis and secretion mechanisms complete utilization of marine by the green microalga, Botryococcus macroalgae braunii to control biofuel production Shigeru Okada Mitsuyoshi Ueda Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kyoto University

The green microalga Botryococcus For "bioproduction of fuels and useful braunii produces unusually large amounts compounds" as resourses of abundant of liquid hydrocarbons from carbon marine macroalgae, we will find out useful dioxide and photosynthesis, and secretes enzymes degrading cell wall components these hydrocarbons outside of cells. of marine macroalgae from metagenome These hydrocarbons are promising as an libraries and genomic information of alternative fuel source since they are cellulose-utilizing microorganisms. chemically very similar to petroleum. The objective of this Demonstration of their functions of identified genes by cell Research Supervisor: research project is to understand “why and how” those surface engineering and construction of high functional and hydrocarbons are produced and secreted by this alga at not expert whole-cell biocatalysts will be carried out. By our Tadashi Matsunaga only the cellular but also the molecular level. The unique focused biotechnologies, production of biofuels, fuel cells, hydrocarbon production and secretion mechanisms in this and useful compounds from marine macroalgae will be President, Tokyo University of alga will be genetically engineered using the basic information challenged. Finally, we will construct fundamental and Agriculture and Technology obtained through this project in order to establish more focused biotechnologies and realize "Biorefinery effective technology for biofuel production. establishment” of marine macroalgae.

Establishment of innovative technology to Strategic construction of algal lipid create new microalgal strains increasing production system utilizing plant biofuel production by polyploidization and vegetative organs as a model heavy-ion beam irradiation Shigeyuki Kawano Hiroyuki Ohta Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

To make the biofuel production using Algae generally do not have organs to microalgae practicable, it is necessary to accumulate storage compounds such as breed their strains which can be mass- lipids and carbohydrates. They rather produced just like grains and horticultural accumulate these storage compounds crops. However, there was no conception specifically when suffering from some of breeding in the microalgae so far, or stress such as nutrient starvation. We their genomes have not been decoded in recently found that plant vegetative most of species. In the present study, the microalgae organs including leaves and roots also accumulate these storage lipids under nutrient shortage irradiated with the heavy-ion beams, which have the conditions. In this project, we strategically construct systems successful results by the selective breeding of horticultural to produce very large amount of lipids in algal cells utilizing crops, will be selected and bred based on the quantitative plant vegetative organs as a model. To perform this, we will data concerning their forms. We aim for the establishment of primarily establish a research platform for several useful algae, the breeding scheme, which is innovative, advanced and which covers overall information of genome, transcriptome specialized in microscopic algae, based on complete genome and lipid metabolome, and subsequently construct algal information. systems to accumulate large amount of lipids useful for chemical materials and biofuels.

Research on the metabolic pathway Development of an efficient system of alkenones in marine haptophte for free fatty acid production using algae and the development of new cyanobacterial mutants affected in algal oil production technology nitrate assimilation Yoshihiro Shiraiwa Tatsuo Omata Professor, University of Tsukuba Professor, Nagoya University

The haptophyte algae, especially We aim at increasing the efficiency of free coccolithophorids, are thought to had fatty acid production by cyanobacteria. played major role for the production of To reduce the cost of fertilizers and to petrolium and limestones in geological increase the light use efficiency, we era. The algae still produce huge blooms develop a method to regulate cell growth and biomass by fixing carbon dioxide by nitrogen limitation during the photosynthetically even in the present production and excretion of free fatty ocean. The long-chain lipids, named alkenones, produced by acid. Our goal is to achieve a ten-times higher level of fatty the algae can be one of important candidates for algal biofuel acid production per unit of cellular nitrogen than the present production. This research focuses on the elucidation of level, which would correspond to production of four-times metabolic pathway of biosynthesis of alkenones and the greater mass of the product than that of the cell dry matter. development of biotechnology for the mass production of biofuels using marine haptophycean microalgae and seawater.

10 Algae Bioenergy Research on the efficient biosynthesis Bioalcohol production using synthetic of nitrogenous substances using pathway in cyanobacteria artificially optimized nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria Toru Hisabori Taizo Hanai Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Associate Professor, Kyushu University

Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria synthesize Our goal is to develop key technologies nitrogenous substances such as amino for the continuous production of acids in the cell using atmospheric bioalcohol in cyanobacteria by introducing nitrogen gas as a major material. On this a synthetic pathway (enzymatic chain process they first produce ammonia and reactions). Our research makes it possible use them for the biosynthesis of amino to realize low emission and sustainable acids. Our research goal is the society by producing bioalcohols as an establishment of the new technology to produce nitrogenous alternate fuel and a chemical from carbon dioxide. Green Innovation substances using nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria. For the purpose we will optimize the metabolic pathway of the bacteria for the production and invent the new technology to obtain objective compounds from the cell culture.

Creation of heat and acid tolerant algae toward high biomass production

Shin-ya Miyagishima Associate Professor, Research Organization of Information and Systems, National Institute of Genetics Red algae are one of the major groups of eukaryotic algae in aquatic biomass. We have determined the complete genomic sequence of the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae which represents major biomass in acidic hot spring. In addition, we have developed procedures for genetic modification of this alga. In this project, we will chracaterize mechanisms of carbon fixation and carbohydrate production in extreme conditions to create heat and acid tolerant algae for high biomass production by genetical modification.

FY2012 Basic technology development for biofuel production from Euglena using genetic transformation

Takahiro Ishikawa Professor, Shimane University

The microalga, Euglena gracilis, produces a large amount of medium-chain wax esters (mainly myristyl myristate) under anaerobic conditions from the storage polysaccharide b-1,3-glucan (paramylon). This process is known as wax ester fermentation. The aim of the study is to identify the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of wax ester fermentation and to generate, by genetic transformation, a 'super Euglena' with increased photosynthesis and wax ester yield.

Development of key technologies for complete utilization of macroalgae as energy and material resources with unique metabolism of marine microorganisms Yutaka Nakashimada Associate Professor, Hiroshima University

The effective use of marine algae has been extensively anticipated as a renewable and sustainable resource because of global concern for the use of fossil resources and nuclear energy. In this study, therefore, we aim to develop elemental technologies for biorefinery of macroalgae involving 1) high rate methane fermentation in combination with effective pretreatment and marine microbial consortia with unique properties such as high salt tolerance and particular metabolism of algae-specific sugars, 2) production of more valuable products from algal sugars, and 3) recovery of valuable metals from fermentation residue.

11 Creative Research FY2009 Efficient visible light-sensitive Bandgap science for organic solar for Clean Energy photocatalysts for water splitting cells Generation Using Hiroshi Irie Masahiro Hiramoto Solar Energy Professor, University of Yamanashi Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Science This study will contribute to creative technology for obtaining Target of this research project is the realization of organic clean and renewable energy through hydrogen evolution solar cells showing conversion efficiency of 15%. In order to using a water-splitting photocatalyst upon irradiation with accomplish this target, we establish the bandgap science for visible portion of solar light. The photocatalysts will be organic semiconductors, such as eleven nines (11N) high created on the basis of a novel material design and purification, pn-control by doping, built-in potential formation, mechanistic approach, and not a mere extension of previous ohmic junction formation, precise evaluation of semiconductor studies. In addition, to enhance the ability of hydrogen parameters, together with the science of excitons and evolution, the nano-scale structure of the photocatalysts will organic/inorganic heterointerfaces. be strictly controlled to achieve efficient charge separation, i.e., spatial separation of the redox reaction sites and optimization of the hetero-junctions.

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon free High efficiency thin film solar cells from light-indueced degradation with enhanced optical absorption by excitons

Hiroaki Okamoto Yoshiji Horikoshi Professor, Osaka University Professor, Waseda University

This program is aimed to pursuing novel growth and post- Thin film structures are essential for achieving low cost solar cells. treatment technologies that make hydrogenated amorphous However, thinning the active regions of solar cells often reduces the silicon be free from light-induced degradation. The scientific optical absorption efficiency. Enhancement of optical absorption in thin knowledge and technologies established would contribute films is therefore required to keep the bulk efficiency and also to improve the total efficiency of solar cells. In this project, we pursue the ways to largely not only to the evolution of practical thin-film enhance optical absorption in thin films and to develop high efficiency photovoltaics but also to the reformative progress in the solar cells. Exciton absorption is one of the promising candidates, because science & technology of thin-film silicon materials and related it can be added to the normal band-to-band absorption. Semiconductors devices. with high exciton binding energy such as ZnO, GaN and CdAlSe2 are Research Supervisor: important materials in the shorter wavelength regions. The semiconductors sensitive to the main part of the solar spectrum exhibit rather lower binding Masafumi Yamaguchi energies, but by constructing superlattice and/or quantum dot structures, the exciton absorption can be considerably enhanced even in these Distinguished Professor, Toyota materials. These investigations are based on the high quality thin films and heterostructures with wide areas grown by MBE, MEE and magnetron Technological Institute sputtering.

Complete utilization of "light"and New Formation Process of Solar- "carrier" by the control of interface Grade Si Material Based on between surface layer and Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma photovoltaic materials. Science Shin-ichi Satoh Kiyoshi Yasutake Professor, University of Hyogo Professor, Osaka University

It is necessary to utilize incident "light" and generated "carrier" In this research, a new manufacturing process of solar-grade completely for the ultimate benefit of the photovoltaic Si directly from low-cost, low-purity Si materials is developed potential. In this study, we establish a novel physical model using high-pressure H2 plasma generated at near for the losses of light and carriers at the interface between atmospheric pressure. By clarifying fundamental phenomena surface layer and photovoltaic materials. We also explore occurring in the high-pressure plasma and on the Si surface novel materials for the surface layer by using combinatorial at an atomic level, we establish a technique to control plasma technique. Our aim is to promote a high convergent efficiency and surface reactions, and enhance the silane generation photovoltaic based on the novel physical model and reaction from low-purity Si materials. It is expected that this materials. process significantly contributes to the solution against the shortage problem of solar-grade Si, and to the large reduction of the manufacturing cost of solar cells.

FY2010 Device physics of dye-sensitized solar Improvement of performance of thin cells film compound semiconductor photovoltaic cells towards the after next generation Liyuan Han Hironori Katagiri Unit Director, National Institute for Materials Science Professor, Institute of National Colleges of Technology, Photovoltaic Materials Unit Japan Nagaoka National College of Technology There has been an increasing interest in dye-sensitized solar Aiming to supply of renewable energy stably at the after next cells DSCs owing to a potential for low-cost production. generation, we will improve the performance of rare-metal However, the energy conversion efficiency is still lower than free thin film photovoltaic (PV) cells. In order to stop the that of bulk silicon solar cells. In this study, we try to find out global warming and to spread the PV cells for the low-carbon the new methods for elevating efficiency to 15% by clarifying society, we should aim at both the stable supply of raw the performance principle of dye-sensitized solar cells and the material of PV cells and the increase in the conversion properties of constituent materials (dye, metal oxide efficiency. This project aims to develop a new type PV cell semiconductor and electrolyte) through collaboration with that can be supplied steadily in the market place. This project different research fields such as electrochemistry, organic includes the following three stages: increase in the conversion chemistry, semiconductor physics, surface science and efficiency of In-free CZTS-based thin film PV cells, computational science. development of new materials for PV cells and buffer layer, and development of a new nano-structure for PV cells.

12 FY2011 Solar Energy R&D on nitride-based heterogeneous Evaluation of nonradiative carrier tandem solar cells on Si substrates recombination loss in concentrator heterostructure solar cells

Naoteru Shigekawa Yoshihiko Kanemitsu Professor, Osaka City University Professor, Kyoto University

We target realization of heterogeneous tandem solar cells By using time- and space-resolved laser made of group-III nitrides and Si, which are assumed to be spectroscopy, we evaluate nonradiative highly familiar with concentrator photovoltaic systems and carrier recombination loss, such as bulk likely to be promising for bringing about low-cost, high- recombination, interface and surface efficient, and low-environment-load solar cells. We explore recombination, and Auger recombination, technologies for growing group-III nitrides with bandgap in concentrator solar cells consisting of energies corresponding to visible and infrared lights on Si multi-junction heterostructures and substrates and technologies for designing, fabricating, and nanostructures, and find ways to high efficiencies of light Green Innovation hybridizing solar cells composed of nitrides. We also advance energy conversion. In addition, we study multiexciton researches related to growth, characterization, and device generation rate, Auger recombination rate, and carrier fabrication of In-rich nitrides. extraction rate, which compete in nanostructure solar cells, in order to examine experimentally a long-standing issue whether one-photon to multi-electron conversion processes can be effectively utilized.

Si-based thin-film solar cells using a Development of new optical semiconducting silicide pn junction management technology for solar cells based on photonic nanostructures Takashi Suemasu Susumu Noda Professor, University of Tsukuba Professor, Kyoto University

We develop a pn junction solar cell using semiconducting In this project, we aim to develop a new BaSi2, which is composed of abundant chemical elements of optical management technology for solar Si and Ba. Energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 25% will cells based on photonic nanostructures be expected for only a 1um-thick pn junction diode with this (or photonic crystals). We will investigate material. We focus on the formation technique for a high- broad-area resonant effects at band- quality BaSi2 pn junction, which influences the solar cell edges of photonic crystals in order to performance, and aim to show the potential of this new enhance the absorption at the wavelength material as a thin-film solar cell. regime (600-1,000nm) where the magnitude of the absorption in thin film silicon (such as a-Si or micro-crystalline Si) reduces significantly.

High efficiency crystalline silicon solar Development of novel process for cells fabricated by cat-cvd technology producing high-purity siliconthrough designing solid/liquid interfacial reactions Hideki Matsumura Takayuki Homma Professor, JAIST (Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Professor, Waseda University Technology) Fabrication technology of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells Production of solar-grade silicon with energy conversion efficencies over 25 % is studied, conventionally requires extremely high based on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) technology. Cat-CVD reaction temperature with long duration, preparation of high-quality thin films without damages can which causes considerable drawbacks. realize extremely low surface recombination velocity, and In this research, we focused upon dopant radicals generated in Cat-CVD system can make p-n electrochemical approaches which take junction only at 200℃ or less. They contribute to dramatic place at solid/liquid interfaces to directly improvement of c-Si solar cell efficiency. reduce silica to silicon, and by detailed analysis and understanding from atomistic viewpoint, we optimize the reactions to develop comprehensive process for producing high-purity silicon material for solar cell applications. We also attempt to utilize diatomaceous earth as reliable source for producing high-purity silica for such an application.

Construction of organic thin-film solar cells with innovative solution- processible organic materials

Hiroko Yamada Professor, Ehime University

We develop solution-processable small molecular materials, such as photochemically convertible precursors and supramolecular building blocks, to construct tailor-made p/n nanostructures for organic thin-film solar cells. We also establish novel device-manufacturing techniques which realize "the increase of the p/n interface for charge separation" and "the efficient carrier-collection to the electrodes" simultaneously. This leads to the creation of next- generation organic solar cells.

13 Innovative FY2009 Development of innovative water and Application of Integrated Intelligent wastewater treatment systems for Satellite System (IISS) to construct Technology and sustainable urban water metabolism regional water resources utilization System for system Satoshi Okabe Shinichi Nakao Sustainable Water Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Kogakuin University

In order to improve the sustainability of In this research, we will develop a Use safe water supply, it is essential to revolutionary water treatment system establish new water metabolic systems integrating multiple membrane that incorporate advanced water and technologies and distribute it within a wastewater treatment systems. In this region, and integrate it with mature project, we will integrate nano- and bio- technologies for using natural energy and technologies such as membrane information management technology to separation and toxicogenomics to develop autonomous organically connect individual facilities, thereby constructing a decentralized water and wastewater treatment systems as completely new original regional water resources utilization well as health risk assessment technologies for system “Integrated Intelligent Satellite System (IISS).” In micropollutants and pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, researching membrane technology as the basis, we will we will evaluate the feasibility of practical use of newly develop a new low-fouling NF/RO membrane at the molecular developed water and wastewater treatment systems. level, namely the water structure of the membrane surface. We will also develop an MBR system to control fouling.

Development of innovative technologies for Development of an innovative water management increasing in watershed runoff and improving system with decentralized water reclamation and river environment by the management cascading material-cycle for agricultural areas practice of devastated forest plantation. under the consideration of climate change Yuichi Onda Taku Fujiwara Professor, University of Tsukuba Professor, Kochi University

We develop innovative management The goal of the present study is to technologies of water resources which develop an innovative water management can induce leveling and maximizing water system with decentralized water supply by increasing droughty water reclamation and cascading material-cycle applicable to agricultural areas. The discharge. Our innovate approaches also perspective of climate change mitigation promote improving issues around water and adaptation is also incorporated into quality and quantities in order to resolve the development. This project is intensified water problems in the next generation. Specifically, subdivided into four research areas: 1) development of an Research Supervisor: we conduct comprehensive field observation to monitor the agricultural non-point source pollution control technology effects of intensive thinning practices on runoff and water using catch crops, 2) development of a decentralized water/ Shinichiro Ohgaki quality remediation in devastated forest plantations. Based on bio-resource reclamation system, 3) construction of a the field investigation and obtained data matrix, we apply cascading water/ bio-resource recycling system, 4) integrated President, National Institute for evaluation of the novel water management system. We will water resources management model which quantifying the contribute to guaranteeing the safety and security of water Environmental Studies effectiveness of forest plantation management on water and food both in Japan and world wide by bringing this supply capacity of catchment. innovative water management system into fruition through our research.

Long-term vision for the sustainable Development of well-balanced urban use of the world's freshwater water use systems adapted for resources climate change

Shinjiro Kanae Hiroaki Furumai Deputy Research Supervisor: Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor, The University of Tokyo Mikio Yoda The establishment of the critical level of Reexamination of the use of ubiquitous climate change based on future water resources such as rain water, Senior Chief Engineer, Infrastructure projections was indispensable to setting ground water, and reclaimed water is Systems Company, Hitachi Limited up greenhouse gas reduction targets. required to cope with the further localized Similarly, the establishment of the critical water resources due to climate change. level of freshwater use based on future We develop novel evaluation approaches projections must be indispensable to for risk and stability of water quality and avoiding and/or mitigating world water crisis. Therefore, this devise methods for water use design by considering study tries to make future projections of the supply and environmental cost evaluation and preferences of various demand of freshwater resources under various future users. In order to create innovative strategies for urban water scenarios, to establish the critical level of freshwater use, and use under climate change conditions, comprehensive to present a vision for sustainable use of freshwater resources predictions is carried out to evaluate changes in weather and of the world. One of the currently most advanced numerical hydrological conditions in watersheds resulting in dynamic simulation models of world freshwater resources will make variations of water quantity and quality. Finally, we propose these procedures possible. This study ultimately aims to well-balanced urban water use systems in which the contribute to “water security” of the world and Japan. equilibrium between water supply and demand is maintained.

FY2010 Development and evaluation of water Development of innovative regulatory reuse technologies for the techniques of microbes for establishment of 21st century type wastewater treatment with water cycle system nanotechnology and biotechnology Hiroaki Tanaka Tsukasa Ikeda Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Utsunomiya University

In order to establish a novel urban water cycle This project aims to develop the system appropriate for the 21st century, we innovative techniques for wastewater are going to develop innovative water treatment systems with nanotechnology reclamation technologies for cascade use of and biotechnology. For this purpose, new river water, sewage, treated wastewater, etc. The developed technologies will be assessed regulatory techniques of communication from the viewpoint of energy consumption for systems in microbes will be developed treatment, as well as control ability of risk using nanomaterials. These technologies agents in the reclaimed water. The applications of the reclaimed should be beneficial not only for improvement wastewater water by the developed technologies will be characterized in treatment systems with activated sludge, but also for prohibit consideration of safety levels of the water, and the novel urban water biofouling and biofilm formation. cycle system with the developed technologies will be evaluated from the viewpoint of integrated water resources management including water availability, water safety, energy consumption including water transportation and treatment, and environmental effects. Finally, the novel urban water cycle systems applying the developed reclamation technologies will be compared with the conventional systems and a custommade system applicable for specifi c areas will be proposed.

14 Sustainable Water Use New water reuse system using urban Development of integration and Development of ROBUST reverse aquifer with advanced risk installation technologies for monitoring osmosis (RO)/nanofiltration (NF) management network system of water-quality based membranes for various types of water on model-based design technique resources Sadahiko Itoh Ryo Miyake Toshinori Tsuru Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Hiroshima university Professor, Hiroshima University

The primary goal of this project is the Monitoring network system of water- Membrane separation is one of the most development of a new urban water reuse quality for regional water-circulation is important technologies for water-reuse and system aided by the conversion process of essential to provide an environment in water-reclamation with health and water quality in subsurface environment for the which the customers can use water in sustainability. Japan has been proud of its adaptation to climate change in the near more safety and in more carefree manner. advanced manufacturing technologies and future. In this system, after wastewater We develop integration and installation showing the largest share of membranes treatment to a suitable level for subsurface infi technologies of the system based on the on the global market, but there are still ltration process, urban wastewater is challenges, including membrane fouling model-based design technique, which allow us to check the Green Innovation converted into a source of drinking water in the subsurface and difficulties in membrane cleaning. environment. In this project, we focus on the subsurface infi ltration performance quickly without building prototypes from their In this project, our team will develop ROBUST reverse osmosis process and address the following issues: 1) Acceptable wastewater elements level to the network level. Through the use of the (RO)/nanofiltration (NF) membranes which can be used for quality for subsurface infi ltration process, 2) Conversion process of technologies, some sorts of on-site monitors are built waters containing chloride, in a wide pH range and/or at high water quality in subsurface environment, 3) Sustainability of this experimentally. temperatures. Moreover, ROBUST membrane will be examined water reuse system. We also propose the technical requirements of with various types of water resources to demonstrate the this subsurface infi ltration process with advanced risk management applicability. Through the present developments, we expect based on quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) and Japan will be continuously one of the leading-countries in high-sensitivity monitoringof micropollutants. membrane technologies and membrane-treatment systems.

FY2011 Sustainable groundwater Innovation of water monitoring system management systems under with rapid, highly presice and enhanced geo-thermal energy usage exhaustive pathogen detection technologies Toshiko Komatsu Tatsuo Omura Professor, Saitama University Professor, Tohoku University

Recent studies suggest that the Current measures against the spread of temperature rise in shallow groundwater infectious diseases transmitted via water is caused by global warming and/or heat- circulation system are vulnerable, and bring island phenomena. Further, with the social unrest to those who desire for securing recent increase in Geo-Heat Pump (GHP) safe water. Our goal is to establish a new system utilization, there is a high water monitoring system to reduce the possibility that subsurface thermal number of infectious gastroenteritis patients disturbances will affect both groundwater quality and which amounts to 5,600,000 cases every year. We will develop rapid, highly precise and exhaustive microbial ecosystems. In this research project, an detection methods for pathogens in the water environment. By environmental assessment tool for evaluating effects of frequent monitoring of urban wastewater with the new detection thermal disturbances on microorganisms and their methods, warnings can be issued immediately after the biodiversity, geo-mechanical properties, and the fate and transmission of infectious diseases. With this system, we expect transport of environmental impact chemicals in the geo- the number of infectious gastroenteritis patients be significantly sphere will be established. This tool will be used to develop reduced, because it helps us to take immediate response in order sustainable groundwater management systems with optimal to control the spread of infectious diseases before the diseases protection of the groundwater environment. become prevalent.

Water-saving System for Advanced A tracer simulator of fallout Precision Agriculture (WSSPA) radionuclides for safe and sustainable water use

Sakae Shibusawa Taikan Oki Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Professor, The University of Tokyo

A technological system for site-specific For sustainable water use, a technology irrigation management aims to meet the to diagnose and predict properly whether need of plant growth by using a precise the water is suitable for human usage is control technique for water resources in indispensable. This study will develop a the rooting zone, followed by high simulator which is capable to estimate efficiency uses of agricultural water. The how fallout radioclides, such as iodine system involves various technologies 131 and cecium 137, are transported in including precise monitoring of water content in the rooting the atmosphere, fall along with rainfall, and flow down through zone, on-line real-time precision irrigation, using differences in streams with sediments. The simulator will also enable us to soil water resources, re-using and recycling of water estimate the timing when these fallout radioclides arrive at the resources, and identification of soil water parameters to intake of water purification plants and their concentrations. describe the crop needs for water, towards the development The simulator will support securing the safety of drinking of an energy-efficient and water-saving plant factory system. water through temporary shutoff of intakes and/or proactive The proposed system will be also applicable to water-saving water treatments, and is expected to contribute for realizing agriculture in arid lands. secure and untroubled water use.

Sustainable groundwater Development of innovative technologies to management system based on exploit groundwater resources in mountainous regional hydrologocal cycle regions in order to achieve a sustainable supply of unpolluted high-quality water Jun Shimada Ken'ichirou Kosugi Professor, Kumamoto University Associate Professor, Kyoto University

Dependance on groundwater as water resources In order to mitigate water problems that has been rapidly increased in many areas over will intensify with climate change, and to the world because of the recent global worming achieve a sustainable supply of unpolluted and abrupt growth of world population. For the high-quality water, it is essential to exploit stable supply of water resources, it is urgently natural water resources that are safe from required to establish the sustainable groundwater contamination and disasters. By effectively management system based on the regional combining hydrological observations, hydrological cycle. This project aims to establish remote sensing, and geophysical surveys, this study develops the groundwater management system based on the regional groundwater flow system for its quantitative aspects and also to develop innovative technologies to discover and exploit groundwater the on-site reduction method of the nitrate concentration in the resources in mountainous headwater regions efficiently. These groundwater and to develop the advanced nitrate monitoring system technologies enable the utilization of mountains, which cover based on the freshwater fish for its qualitative aspect. The project will 73% of the national landmass, as natural reservoirs. As a start to develop the methodologies at Kumamoto area, where is the result, it is expected that diverse water resources will be most advanced groundwater utilization area in Japan, and then will apply ensured, which will contribute to the achievement of a the developed system to the remote coral islands, where stand on the sustainable supply of unpolluted high-quality water, and the edge of a precipice of groundwater quantity and quality. occurrence of floods and sediment disasters will be mitigated.

15 Creation of FY2008 Innovation of s-block metal batteries Investigation of highly efficient organic Innovative towards low-carbon societies thin film solar cell Technologies to Yoshiharu Uchimoto Susumu Yoshikawa Control Carbon Professor, Kyoto University Specially Appointed Professor, Kyoto University

The innovation of a new battery with long operating life and To reduce carbon dioxide emission, plastic solar cell with Dioxide Emissions high energy density beyond the present lithium-ion batteries 10% efficiency will be prepared, by developing fullerene is the key to the stable supply of electrical energy generated derivatives, conductive polymers, dye super-molecules, and from natural sources such as wind power, solar power, and tandem structured cells with wide spectral range of so on. In this project, s-block metals are used as the anode absorption. Science of organic photovoltaics will be of the new battery. The hetero-interface for the reaction developed regarding the molecular and film structure. between “ion” and “electron” is the key part of the new battery. In order to control the hetero-interface at the nanometer level, nano-sized electrode materials are investigated. We will establish a hetero-junction between an electrode and an electrolyte for fast s-block metal ion transfer.

Development of highly efficient Sophisticated utilization of alkaliphilic thermoelectric materials and systems strains of oil-producing green alga, botryococcus

Kunihito Koumoto Makoto M. Watanabe Professor, Nagoya University Professor, University of Tsukuba

In order to contribute to suppressing CO2 emission by The green alga, Botryococcus braunii absorbs carbon dioxide reducing the usage of fossil fuels through improvement in the by photosynthesis and produces oil with the purity of more efficiency of energy utilization, highly efficient thermoelectric than 90%. The basic knowledge and technological materials composed of non-toxic and resource-abundant fundamentals for increasing the efficiency of oil production cheap elements will be developed and assembled into TE were obtained as follows; the construction of the culture and devices and systems to harvest electric power from heat information centers, showing the optimum conditions for oil coming out of industries, vehicles, etc. and also from natural production, establishment of herbicide tolerant strain, heat such as solar heat, geoheat, etc. development of energy-conserved oil extraction method and Research Supervisor: mass cultivation in outdoor bioreactors. These results would draft the design of the large-scale plant with market value and Itaru Yasui open up a new vista of future large-scale commercial plant. (Research term: 1 Oct. 2008 - 31 Mar. 2012) President, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation/Vice Rector Emeritus, United Nations University

FY2009 Sustainable production of woody Innovation and development of new biomass in tropical peatlands co2-fixation-promoting technology for increasing bio-material production

Katsumi Kojima Ken'ichi Ogawa Professor, The University of Tokyo Director, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama (RIBS Okayama) Field experiments of reflooding and reforestation will be We aim at developing an epoch-making technology for carried out to verify the possibility of bringing the drained increasing the production of “carbon-neutral” bio-materials tropical peatlands that emit huge amount of carbon dioxide and thereby to achieve a new technology suppressing fossil- back to a sink of carbon dioxide. Suitability of the woody derived CO2, by means of innovatively improving CO2 biomass for biofuel and other biomaterials will be examined assimilation and carbon transportation in plants (which are as well. The goal is to establish, through the evaluation of mainly soybean and Eucalyptus plants). The present level of potential emission reduction and the examination of feasibility, our technology is estimated to enable 5% suppression of the a system for sustainable land management considering peat total amount of annual CO2 release from Japan (if it is applied conservation, plantation and product utilization. to main countries for soybean and Eucalyptus production), and 10% suppression is a target level.

Catalyst development for conversion Development of bioethanol production of wood biomass to liquid fuels via process from marine algae gasification

Keiichi Tomishige Akihiko Kondo Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Kobe University

Biomass conversion to clean liquid fuels is one of value- Biofuel production from renewable marine-biomass would be added methods for the utilization of renewable resources with able to overcome the limitation of land and water resource. In promising energy efficiency. Our team has developed the this project, we aim to increase starch production by more catalysts for the energy-efficient conversion of biomass to than two times in Spirulina microalgae that can grow in salt synthesis gas, the single-step conversion of the synthesis gas water not only by establishing the mass cultivation system but to gasoline, and one-pass conversion of the synthesis gas to also by improving photosynthesis efficiency and metabolic methanol. These will be connected to the construction of capacity of the microalgae. We will develop efficient energy-efficient biomass conversion process and the reactor bioethanol production process from algae starch by using our downsizing. core technology, cell surface engineering. (Research term:1. oct. 2008-31. Mar. 2011)

16 Control CO Biodiesel production by marine Development of carbon-neutral microalgae using multistoried energy cycle by highly selective cultivation system catalysis 2 Tsuyoshi Tanaka Miho Yamauchi Associate Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Associate Professor, Kyusyu University Technology We propose a novel multistoried cultivation system, aimed We propose carbon-neutral (CN) energy cycle as the most towards the production of biodiesel using marine microalgae practical energy circulation system. The CN cycle employs a as a biomass resource. The introduction of our system can Pt-free alkaline type fuel cell for selective oxidation of alcohols reduce carbon dioxide emission and will not require the use to acids. Aiming at materialization of this cycle, highly- of food resources. As a candidate, a marine diatom has been selective base-metal catalysts will be developed. Fuels are selected from marine culture collection. The multistoried regenerated by reduction of the waste acids in the system cultivation system will enable us to maintain a stable supply of with photocatalytically-generated hydrogen or hydrogen biodiesel, which will not be affected by regional energy produced in the waste heat utilization system, so that the CN Green Innovation conditions, biomass circulation and the cost of raw materials. cycle will be an environmental benign circulation system.

Next-generation power inverter based Development of high performance OH ion on interface-controlled GaN high- conducting membrane and fuel cell electron-mobility transistors technology platform for the advancement of novel all solid-state alkaline fuel cells Tamotsu Hashizume Takeo Yamaguchi Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

We intend to establish fundamental and elemental In this study, we will try to establish a basement for the technologies for a high-performance GaN power inverter that development of “all solid-state alkaline fuel cells". These fuel will act as a core device in energy saving technologies. The cells can use any metal catalysts; however there are virtually research includes characterization of defect-origin electronic no membranes available at present limiting their practical use. levels in GaN-based materials and their correlation with In this study, we will reconsider the traditional ion conduction operation instabilities of devices, development of a novel mechanism, and expect to develop new high OH-ion high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) based on a multi- conductive membranes for these fuel cells. Our goal is to mesa-channel structure with hetero-interface control, and build a global technology platform to accelerate the design and simulation of power inverters utilizing the GaN development of these innovative “all solid-state alkaline fuel HEMT. This will open up a key technology for a next- cells". High efficiency, low cost due to the possibility of using generation power inverter system. metals other than platinum as catalyst as well as the prospect of using a variety of fuels will be the key advantages of this new technology.

Investigation of protonic Research for ultra-low loss power electrochemical capacitors devices

Masaru Miyayama Satoshi Yamasaki Professor, The University of Tokyo Principal Research Scientist, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology The development of secure, low-cost energy storage devices Research for development of ultra-low loss power devices with energy densities comparable to that of lithium-ion battery with novel concept is performed, giving an innovative effect is very important to expand green technological options for on the reduction of carbon dioxide emission. Diamond suppressing CO2 emission. We investigate protonic semiconductor is taken up as the candidate because of its electrochemical capacitors employing monoatomic layered unique physical properties. Complementary research is electrodes to achieve markedly large capacities in aqueous performed, including understanding of its unique properties, electrochemical cell systems. A new mechanism of huge establishment of device physics using its unique physical energy storage in these high-surface-area, monoatomic properties, and development of the material process and the layered electrodes will be elucidated to develop science and device fabrication process. The novel ultra-low loss power technologies for advanced energy storage devices. device will be proposed and fabricated, from which the issues for wide utilization in society is clarified.

FY2010 Fabrication of all-solid-state rechargeable batteries with controlled solid interfaces

Masahiro Tatsumisago Professor, Osaka Prefecture University

The development of innovative rechargeable batteries with high performance and low cost is necessary for the coming low carbon society. In order to realize all-solid-state batteries as an ultimate goal of energy storage systems, in this project, all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries with high power and high energy density will be developed by employing sulfide glass-based superionic materials as one of the most promising solid electrolytes. The structure and reaction of the solid/solid interface between electrolytes and electrodes will be studied and the processes to fabricate the most efficient interface in the batteries will be investigated.

17 Innovation for Ideal FY2012 Holistic investigation of the inter- Study of autophagy toward organ communication systems development of therapy for disorders Medical Treatment responsible for metabolic caused by hypernutrition Based on the homeostasis and disorders Hideki Katagiri Tamotsu Yoshimori Understanding of Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Osaka University

We have discovered several neuronal Hypernutrition disturbs physiological Maintenance, relay systems responsible for inter-organ homeostasis maintained by a coordinated metabolic communication to maintain network of endocrine, metabolic, and systemic homeostasis in multi-organ immune systems, which causes obesity- Change and organisms including humans. Based on related diseases including diabetes and our original discoveries, we will investigate elevated risk of infection. The multi-organ the mechanisms underlying coordinated network is maintained by autophagy, an Breakdown regulation of metabolism in different organs/tissues by the intracellular cleaning system and its activity is down or falls brain and the roles of inter-organ metabolic communication in short by hypernutrition-caused stresses. In this study, we aim obesity- and aging-related metabolic disorders. In addition, to unravel mechanisms underlying collapse of homeostasis Mechanisms of using human samples, we will examine whether these caused by autophagy dysfunction under hypernutrient systems functionally works in human subjects and search for condition and develop new therapeutic strategy for obesity- Homeostasis among chemical reagents which can control these systems. These caused diseases based on autophagy regulation. investigations are anticipated to provide potential targets for Interacting Organ developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. Systems Elucidating the pathophysiology of senescence-associated homeostatic disorders and its control

Eiji Hara Division Chief, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research

Cellular senescence is the state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that can be induced by a variety of potentially oncogenic stimuli and has therefore long been considered to suppress tumorigenesis. However, surprisingly, emerging evidence reveals that senescent cells also promote secretion of various inflammatory and pro-proliferative factors, Research Supervisor: all of which are associated with homeostatic disorders such as cancer. It is therefore quite possible that accumulation of Ryozo Nagai senescent cells during aging process in vivo may contribute to age-related increases in homeostatic disorders. In this President, Jichi Medical University study, we aim to clarify the molecular mechanisms linking cellular senescence and homeostatic disorders and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for aging-associated diseases.

Discovering therapies for intractable diseases through the identification and characterization of gut microbiota

Kenya Honda Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

The mammalian alimentary tract harbors over thousand of species of commensal microorganisms that homeostatically interact with the host. In this study, we focus on immunological attributes of the microbiota and identify responsible bacterial species and factors for shaping the immune system. We aim to develop a way to manipulate the microbiota for many mucosal immune conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and allergy.

Mechanisms of homeostatic maintenance by quorum control of the tissue in whole body

Masayuki Miura Professor, The University of Tokyo

Cell number of the tissue is tightly regulated and this regulation is crucial for homeostatic maintenance of the body. Regulatory mechanisms of the tissue quorum are thought to be based on the communication between dying cells and proliferating cells in whole body. In this research, we will explore the basic mechanisms of the tissue quorum control not only in the tissue but also in whole body. Our research will contribute to clarify the common mechanisms of cancer or degenerative diseases in which the tissue quorum is dysregulated. Our research goal will also facilitate the development of new diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

18 Structural life FY2012 Elucidation of the structural and Structural life science of membrane functional network with mitochondria receptor complexes and their Science and as a hub downstream signaling for synapse Advanced Core formation Toshiya Endo Shuya Fukai Technologies for Professor, Nagoya University Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

Mitochondrion, an energy-generating Numerous neurons in a brain are innovative Life organelle in a eukaryotic cell, imports its connected via spcialized cell junctions resident proteins from the cytosol to termed synapses to build complicated maintain its structure and functions. and diversified neuronal networks. This Science Research Besides, recent studies show that research project will analyze protein mitochondrial internal membrane complexes that induce synapse formation structures are controlled by highly to elucidate mechanisms for the synapse sophisticated mechanisms and that mitochondria are tethered formation at atomic-level resolution. Based on the structural to even a different organelle such as the ER, the entry site of information, methods for controlling the synapse formation the secretory pathways. The present project aims at will be further developed. Since dysfunctions of the synapse elucidation of the dynamic picture as well as regulation formation are closely related to neurodevelopmental mechanisms of the structural and functional network with disorders, expected results of this project might lead to an mitochondria as a hub, using various structural biology innovation of therapeutic methods for neurodevelopmental approaches. disorders, which cannot be effectively improved by existing therapeutic methods. Homeostasis Structural Life Science

Structural biology of infection and Studies on the structural basis of carcinogenesis by Helicobacter Pylori multidrug efflux transport and the development of multidrug transporter inhibitors Toshiya Senda Akihito Yamaguchi Professor, Institute of Material Structure Science, High Professor, Osaka University Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Efflux transporter-based multidrug Helicobacter Pylori, which infects gastric resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a epithelial cells, is the strongest risk factor serious problem of our modern for stomach diseases including stomach chemotherapy. We determined the world- cancer. This bacterium delivers the CagA first crystal structure of a bacterial protein into gastric epithelial cells, and the multidrug efflux transporter in 2002. This delivered CagA acts as a pathogenic project aims to reveal the molecular Life Innovation Life Innovation scaffold/hub that promiscuously recruits host proteins to mechanism of multidrug recognition on the basis of complete Research Supervisor: potentiate oncogenic signaling. In the present project, we aim structures of multidrug efflux transporter complex and to determine tertiary structures of CagA in complex with host molecular dynamics analysis. In addition, we aim to develop Keiji Tanaka proteins to understand the structural basis of the signal clinically-useful inhibitors against multidrug transporters by perturbation by CagA that triggers stomach diseases. structure-based drug design. Director, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

Structural studies of the mitochondrial respiratory chain — structure impacts efficiency

Tomitake Tsukihara Professor, University of Hyogo

Mitochondria generate energy by combining oxygen with hydrogen to make ATP in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Several protein complexes, termed respiratory enzyme complexes I, II, III, and IV, take part in the energy conversion system, the electron transport chain. Here, we will determine highly accurate crystal structures and time-resolved structures of complex IV, and a structure of the super complex of copmplexes I, III and IV to elucidate the reaction mechanism of respiratory enzyme complexes. The data will reveal why respiratory energy conversion is a highly efficient process.

Structural basis of biological system for energy metabolism using dihydrogen

Yoshiki Higuchi Professor, University of Hyogo

Dihydrogen (molecular hydrogen) has been expected as a viable clean energy source for the next generation because it does not emit CO2 when generating power. Hydrogenase is a bacterial enzyme, which catalyzes reversible oxidation/reduction of dihydrogen/ protons. Our structural studies on three types of [NiFe] hydrogenases will unveil the structural basis of the molecular mechanism of the enzymatic reaction and provide further insights for development of new bio-fuel cells and dihydrogen-producing systems.

19 Development of FY2011 Elucidating epigenomeloops of cell Development of genomic technologies differentiation using quantitative ChIP- to explore human epigenetic Fundamental Seq method regulation Technologies for Kazuhiko Igarashi Katsuhiko Shirahige Diagnosis and Professor, Tohoku University Professor, University of Tokyo

Cell differentiation is based on the Our body consists of more than 250 cell Therapy Based upon processes of selective gene expression. types. While each cell has the same DNA Transcription factors and chromatin, sequence, protein modifications and their which packages the genome DNA, binding pattern (so called epigenetic Epigenome Analysis generate mutual regulatory loops (i.e., information) defines the specificity of each epigenome loops), directing specific cell type. The aim of this study is to changes in both transcription factor develop the new standard method to binding and chromatin structures during analyze whole picture of epigenetic information and use the cell differentiation. The aim of this project is to understand the method to explore whole-genome epigenetic information of structure and function of epigenome loops for cell differentiation.We will focus on the differentiation of plasma various endothelial cell species. Our ultimate goal is to cells, which produce antibody, as a model system and apply contribute to the International Human Epigenome Consortium a new quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequence through both epigenomics data and technology development. (Q-ChIP-Seq) method to compare transcription factor binding These data and methods are expected to contribute to basic and modification of chromatin during their differentiation. This research and drug discovery as well. project is expected to reveal fundamental mechanisms of the plasma cell differentiation and immune responses.

Epigenome analysis of mental Molecular mechanisms underlying disorders using advanced direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to technologies hepatocytes and applications thereof

Tadafumi Kato Atsushi Suzuki Head, Riken Assocsiate Professor, Kyushu University

When DNA is methylated by the effect of We have identified specific combinations environment, gene expression changes. of transcription factors that can directly This might be one of mechanisms convert mouse fibroblasts into cells that underlying mental disorders. However, closely resemble hepatocytes in vitro. little is known about the possible role of Based on this finding, we next aim to such epigenetic changes in mental elucidate molecular mechanisms disorders. Because the brain is made underlying conversion of fibroblasts to from many types of cells, analysis of DNA methylation status hepatocytes and induce hepatocytes from human fibroblasts. Research Supervisor: of neurons is difficult. In this study, we will develop advanced Knowledge obtained from this study may lead us to not only technologies to analyze epigenome in neurons and examine discover new principles linking the role of transcription factors Masayuki Yamamoto the neural epigenome in the postmortem brains of patients to epigenome reconstruction but also develop innovative with mental disorders. In addition, the results are compared approaches to treatment of liver diseases. Professor, Tohoku University with the data in animal models, and causal relationship between epigenomic changes and mental disorders will be elucidated.

Reference epigenome analysis in Mechanism of higher-order normal epithelial cells of human epigenome regulation and its medical digestive system and development of significance analysis technology Yae Kanai Mitsuyoshi Nakao Deputy Research Supervisor: Deputy Director, National Cancer Center Research Institute Professor, Kumamoto University Toshikazu Ushijima The aim of this study is to reveal the In addition to DNA methylation and reference epigenome profiles, the whole histone modification, this study focuses Chief of Division, National Cancer Center picture of mechanisms regulating gene on higher-order epigenome mechanism, Research Institute expression, e.g. DNA methylation, especially chromatin loop and nuclear chromatin modifications, positions of domain formation for essential gene nucleosomes and variants, and control. From this viewpoint, we will abundance of each RNA species, of present the spatiotemporal models of human normal cells and contribute to the International Human disease-related gene loci, leading to the generation of new Epigenome Consortium.We are attempting to make technologies of cell identification for medical diagnosis and international contributions by epigenome analysis in normal therapy. epithelial cells of the digestive system, e.g. the stomach, colon and liver, and development of innovative technologies. Reference epigenomel database will be accessible worldwide and promote the innovation of diagnosis and therapy of human diseases through the efficient identification of disease- specific epigenome profiles.

Study of the molecular mechanism in Epigenetic drug developmentto thepluripotencymaintenanceofstem prevent pervasive developmental cells and three-dimensional disorders mappingof the epigenome structure. Masahiro Shirakawa Masatoshi Hagiwara Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyoto University

Pluripotent cells, such as ES and iPS Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) cells, have a unique and characteristic are characterized by varying degrees of epigenome structure, which is dynamically impairment in communication skills, social altered during cell differentiation.The interactions, and restricted, repetitive and alternation of the entire epigenome stereotyped patterns of behavior. The structure is facilitated by the modulation preventive measures to reduce the of spatial arrangement of DNA incidence or severity of any type of PDD methylation/demethylation sites in certain genome region. In are not known at this time. In this project, we will make mice this project, we reveal the molecular mechanism underlying models and iPS cells of PDDs, and try to develop the the maintenance and alteration of the epigenome structure by biological markers and therapeutics. studying the structure basis of DNA demethylation and mapping the distribution of DNA methylation/demethylation sites in intranuclear space. We also develop a novel in-cell technique for analyzing maturation and ordering of the cytoskeleton as phenotypic markers reflecting dynamic epigenetic status.

20 New diagnostic and therapeutic tools Molecular regulation and analysis of targeting epigenetic modulation for the establishment of epigenome lifestyle-related disease

Toshiro Fujita Toru Nakano Professor, University of Tokyo Professor, Osaka University

Hemodialysis patients increases year by Development and differentiation of year and their main causes are diabetes multicellular organisms can be regarded and hypertension. Furthermore, as the dynamic transition process of deterioration of kidney function leads high epigenomic status. In this project, we will mortality in cardiovascular diseases. It is study the molecular functions of the the urgent issue to establish novel proteins and small non-coding RNA in the therapeutics to inhibit the progression of establishment of epigenetic status of early renal disease. In the present study, we aim to clarify the embryogenesis and development of germ cells. These two involvement of epigenomic abnormality in the diabetic important biological events are critically important events in nephropathy and hypertensive renal damage. Based upon epigenetic research, because dynamic transition of the data obtained, we propose new diagnostic and epigenome occurs during the processes. Although mouse therapeutic tools targeting epigenomic regulatory factors in system is utilized in our project, fundamental mechanisms of lifestyle-related diseases. the establishment of epigenome are same in rodents and human. Our major goals are the molecular understanding of the epigenome establishment and the development of novel methods regulating epigenetic status. Epigenome FY2012 Identification of factors to modify and Understanding the epigenetic resist epigenomic alteration induction modifications related to cancer development and regression

Atsushi Kaneda Tatsutoshi Nakahata Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kyoto University

Epigenome plays a central role in Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is regulation of cellular behaviors. Cells a transient hematopoietic condition that undergo a programmed, physiological occurs 10-20% of newborns with Down epigenomic alteration under stress, and syndrome. Although TAM patients exhibit we will find out modifiers of this “normal” pathological findings that are similar to epigenomic alteration. Or, cells must leukemia patients, TAM regresses resist induction of aberrant epigenomic spontaneously. This study will use TAM Life Innovation alteration that may cause cancer, and we will also discover as a model for the development and regression of cancer in such resistant factors. We will clarify epigenomic mechanism order to determine; 1) the alteration of epigenetic profiles of life regulation through identification of these modifiers and during cancer regression, 2) the alteration of epigenetic resistant factors, and disease risk by their aberration. profiles which leads TAM to leukemia, and 3) the underlying mechanism that provides genomic instability during fatal periods in Down syndrome patients.

Epigenome analysis of cells in the placenta and endometrium forming the fetal-maternal interface

Hiroyuki Sasaki Distinguished Professor and Director, Kyushu University

This study aims to determine the reference epigenomes of two cell types of the placenta in an early gestational stage and at term and two cell types (one of them in different hormonal phases) of the endometrium. To this end, we will develop and establish necessary technologies. Furthermore, we will determine the epigenomes of cells from placentae of patients with pregnancy induced hypertension, complete hydatidiform moles, and endometriosis specimens and compare them with the reference epigenomes to identify disease-specific changes. We will also study the methylome of sperm from oligospermic patients to improve assisted reproductive technology.

Basic studies aimed for an epigenome-based therapy: proof of concept in brain function

Yoichi Shinkai Chief Scientist, RIKEN

In this research project, we aim to examine in model mouse 1) how histone lysine methylation is crucial for brain functions and 2) whether the cognition and behavior phenotypes induced by the inactivation of regulating enzyme gene(s) of specific histone lysine methylation can be rescued by the modulation of affected epigenetic mark(s) postnatally. Furthermore, we identify mutation of those regulating enzyme genes in human congenital malformation syndromes and mental disorders. Combination of these studies will provide novel clues for epigenome-based therapy and diagnosis.

21 Creation of FY2012 Elucidation of operating Investigation of the mechanism of characteristics of the neural circuit biological pattern formation that may Fundamental based on observational data of the allow us to control the shape of Technologies for whole nervous system animals Yuichi Iino Shigeru Kondo Understanding and Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Osaka University

The brain of animals, including that of Because morphogenesis of organism is a Control of Biosystem human beings, processes information by dynamic process in which many elements (cells a network of a countless number of and genes) are involved, use of mathematical interconnected neurons, but it is poorly models and computer simulation is indispensable. Dynamics We have identified a novel mechanism of cellular understood how real nervous system network that forms the skin pattern of zebrafish. performs computation and properly In the fish skin, two kinds of pigment cells (black processes information given to it. In this and yellow) interact each other via the projection study, we make use of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, extended from the cells. Touch of the cells induces various cellular in which the wiring diagram of the whole nervous system behaviors, and the effective distance of the interaction is determined by consisting of a relatively small number of neurons is already the length of cell projections. The identified mechanism is a quite new known. We will continuously observe the activity of many one, but the dynamic property of it is almost identical to the hypothetical neurons arranged three-dimensionally by a specialized mathematical model called as Turing model. The property of pattern formation of the mechanism is not restricted by any specific molecules or confocal microscope and perform computer simulation based cells, but purely determined by the diagram of networks, suggesting the on these data to understand the information processing generality of the mechanism. In this CREST project, we want to identify principles of the neural circuit that carries out the signaling the morphogenetic events in which the same mechanism underlies and from the sensory system to the behavioral control system. want to develop a method to control the shape of animals.

Elucidation and control of dynamics of oscillatory gene expression in cell proliferation and differentiation

Ryoichiro Kageyama Professor, Kyoto University

It has been shown that expression of many genes oscillates during cell proliferation and differentiation, and that inhibition of oscillatory gene expression blocks such cellular events. These results suggest that oscillatory gene expression is important for cell proliferation and differentiation, but its precise role in these cellular events is not known. Furthermore, it has been suggested that in-phase oscillation between neighboring cells leads to generation of more uniform cell Research Supervisor: populations while out-of-phase oscillation leads to generation of mixed cell populations, but the mechanism of controlling phases of oscillatory gene Tadashi Yamamoto expression between cells remains to be analyzed. In this research project, we will make mathematical modeling about the mechanism of how Professor, Okinawa Institute of Science oscillatory gene expression and its phase control regulate these cellular processes. We will evaluate the mathematical modeling by testing its and Technology Graduate University predictions and thereby understand the fundamental principles of oscillatory (OIST) gene expression and its phase control in cell proliferation and differentiation, aiming at regulating these cellular events.

Temporal coding of cellular dynamical system

Sinya Kuroda Professor, The University of Tokyo

Cellular signalling networks can selectively regulate multiple biological functions by changing temporal patterns of signalling activities. This means that temporal patterns of signaling activities are information, and signaling molecules themselves are information carriers. In this study, we focus on insulin signalling dependent metabolism, and analyze the mechanisms and physiological implication of temporal coding of signalling networks.

Controlling cell differentiation with precision through understanding the structure and dynamics of gene regulatory networks Minoru S.H. Ko Professor, Keio University

We propose to generate a series of human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, each having a specific transcription factor (TF) that can be induced to express. We then monitor how the overexpression of a single or multiple TF(s) changes the global gene expression patterns in ES cells over time. Analysis of this unprecedented amount of data with high-performance computing helps to build a reliable, high- resolution, and dynamic computer model for gene regulatory networks. In-depth understanding of such a gene regulatory network allows for the precise manipulation of cell differentiation. Overall, this project aims to achieve not only the mathematical modeling of gene regulatory networks, but also an effective means to differentiate cells for possible use in regenerative medicine.

22 The Creation of FY2010 Regulation of inflammatory time axis The role of microenvironmental niches at the RNA level for hematopoiesis in chronic Basic Medical inflammation Technologies to Hiroshi Asahara Takashi Nagasawa Clarify and Control Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, Kyoto University

Chronic inflammation causes many For the study of chronic inflammation, in the Mechanisms diseases, including arthritis and which innate and adaptive immune cells play autoimmune diseases. However, the crucial roles, it is important to understand the precise molecular mechanisms involved in functions of the special microenvironments Underlying Chronic termination of disturbed inflammatory known as “niches”. These niches enable response remain unclear. We will address hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells this question by examining the role of to provide appropriate numbers of blood Inflammation microRNA in the pathogenesis of inflammation and arthritis. cells, including immune cells, in the bone marrow. Although the nature of the niches has been a long-lasting Using high-throughput sequencing and cell-based functional unresolved issue, we found that a small population of bone screening systems, we will uncover novel molecular cascades marrow nonhematopoietic cells with long processes that express regulating the inflammatory time signal at the RNA level. This high amounts of the chemokine CXCL12, termed CXCL12- may provide novel treatment strategies for inflammatory abundant reticular (CAR) cells, function as niches for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. hematopoiesis. Our aim is to clarify the role and molecular regulatory mechanism of CAR cells in controlling hematopoiesis in chronic inflammation. This would provide a new insight and form the basis for developing novel niche-based therapies. Dynamic of Biosystems Chronic Inflammation

Next-generation imaging technology Prostaglandin-mediated mechanisms to ascertain the in vivo mode of action of initiation and progression of of chronic inflammatory macrophages chronic inflammation

Masaru Ishii Shuh Narumiya Professor, Osaka University Professor, Kyoto University

Chronic inflammation has been shown to Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioactive cause various adult diseases such as substances mediating fever, swelling, and metabolic syndrome and cancer. By pain in acute inflammation. Our studies exploiting biological imaging technologies, have not only elucidated the mechanisms this study will analyze the crucial roles of of how PGs elicit these acute inflammatory tissue-resident macrophages in chronic responses, but also suggested a inflammation. Several novel possibility that PGs also mediate certain Life Innovation Life Innovation methodologies, such as those for detecting phenotypical chronic inflammatory processes such as allergy, fibrosis, and Research Supervisor: changes in situ and for manipulating cell function using light formation of cerebral aneurysms through regulation of gene at single-cell levels, would be developed. This will help to expression. In this study, we aim to clarify the molecular Masayuki Miyasaka ascertain the in vivo mode of action of macrophages under mechanisms of how PGs, in collaboration with cytokines and pathophysiological conditions. This study will lead to the innate-immunity substances, initiate and maintain chronic Professor, Emeritus Osaka University discovery of new concepts for controlling chronic inflammatory processes. We also aim to evaluate their role in inflammation, which is conducive for the development of cancer, metabolic diseases and depression. We would also revolutionary therapeutics against diverse common diseases. determine the threedimensional structures of PG receptors to facilitate drug development against these diseases.

The research for the mechanism of Molecular and cellular bases of chronically intractable pain based on chronic inflammation associated- the functions of microglia as brain organ fibrosis immunocompetent cell Kazuhide Inoue Kouji Matsushima Professor, Kyushu University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Intractable pain (including neuropathic Chronic inflammation associated-organ pain) typically develops if peripheral fibrosis causes serious functional nerves are damaged by surgery, if bone is impairment. In this project, we will compressed due to a tumor, or because examine the source of the myofibroblasts of diabetes or infection. It does not abate that play a key role in organ fibrosis. even though tissue damage or Regulation of the trafficking and inflammation has healed. The pain is differentiation of these cells by frequently resistant to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs chemokines and other inflammatory mediators will be and opioids, because of which more than 20 million patients analyzed. In addition, we will clarify the changes in the in the world are in distress. We have discovered that microglia epigenome and transcriptome that accompany fibrosis. (immunocompetent cells in the brain) play a very important Based on the information obtained from these studies, by role in evoking intractable pain. In this project, we clarify the conducting experiments in a model of murine fibrotic disease mechanism of pain based on the functions of microglia and models, and by testing human clinical samples, we aim to also contribute to the development of agents against develop novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of intractable pain. human fibrotic diseases.

FY2011 Understanding of chronic Pathophysiological role of chronic inflammation for the development of inflammation in aging-associated new therapeutic strategies for diseases intestinal inflammatory diseases Hiroshi Kiyono Issei Komuro Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Osaka University

A healthy intestinal tract is maintained by Chronic inflammation is associated with the highly sophisticated homeostatic aging-associated diseases, such as heart mechanism operating between symbiotic failure, diabetes, and atherosclerosis: bacteria and mucosal immune cells. however, its pathophysiological role is Collapse of this symbiotic and currently unknown. We recently found an bidirectional interaction system leads to increase in the C1q component of the the development of refractory chronic complement system in multiple tissues of inflammatory bowel diseases such as aged animals that contributed to the onset of heart failure, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In this project, we diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of homeostasis and pathological inflammation occurring within to identify the mechanisms by which C1q encourages the the intestine. This will be achieved by evaluation of the onset of aging-associated diseases and to develop novel contribution made by the symbiotic microflora, carbohydrate therapeutic strategies for these diseases associated with chains on epithelial cells, and the innate immune cells at the chronic inflammation. intestinal mucosa. We subsequently plan to develop diagnostic methods, treatments, and preventative strategies for intestinal inflammatory diseases.

23 Regulation of chronic inflammation Protective mechanisms against Analysis of mechanisms suppressing and the development of new environmental stresses leading to chronic inflammation via strategies for treating airway therapeutic strategies for chronic posttranscriptional regulation in innate inflammatory diseases inflammation immunity Toshinori Nakayama Masayuki Yamamoto Osamu Takeuchi Professor, Chiba University Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Kyoto University

Many Japanese people suffer from We are constantly exposed to various Macrophages and dendritic cells play an chronic inflammatory diseases of the environmental stresses in our daily life, important role in innate immunity , which upper and lower respiratory tracts, such including chemicals, ultra-violet light, are critical for initial responses against as chronic rhino-sinusitis and chronic pathogenic microorganisms, and dietary infection. Although the activation and bronchial asthma. These diseases are toxicants. Cellular detoxification is crucial suppression of innate immunity is well generally resistant to steroids, and no for the maintenance of health by providing balanced, prolonged activation of innate effective treatment has yet been protection against these environmental immunity leads to the development of developed. Chronic allergic airway inflammation is thought to stresses. The aim of this study is to clarify how dysregulation chronic inflammatory diseases. This study is aiming to re- be induced and maintained by allergen-specific memory of stress responses exacerbates chronic inflammatory define the regulatory mechanisms of innate immunity from CD4+ helper T (Th) cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells), although diseases and also, to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention posttranscriptional control point of view based on the roles of the precise roles of these Th subsets in chronic inflammatory into the cytoprotection mechanisms to prevent and alleviate RNase we identified, in addition to transcriptional control. diseases remain unknown. In this project, we clarify the these pathologic conditions. Our research aims to identify Ultimate goal of this study is to develop a novel method for cellular and molecular bases for induction and maintenance novel relationships between environmental stresses and the regulation of inflammation. of chronic airway inflammation, and propose therapeutic chronic inflammation and provide advances in therapeutic strategies that may be used for chronic airway inflammatory strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases. diseases.

FY2012 Structural basis for the pathogenic The role of chronic inflammation in disease mechanisms caused by promotion and malignant progression chronic inflammation of cancers

Osamu Nureki Masanobu Oshima Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kanazawa University

Chronic inflammation results from excessive Most cancers are associated with chronic physiological responses, which are intrinsically inflammation. However, the mechanisms essential for maintaining normal life, or by for induction of inflammation and its role disturbances of physiological responses triggered by in tumorigenesis have not been elucidated viral and bacterial infections. Chronic inflammation can cause adult-onset diseases, such as cancers, yet. In this project, we will investigate diabetes, arterial sclerosis, and others. We primarily how inflammation is induced in cancer focus on the following three areas: tissues, and how chronic inflammation 1. Lipid mediators and the enzymes that produce them, which cause chronic accelerates promotion and malignant progression of inflammation via GPCR; gastrointestinal cancers using unique mouse models. We 2. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal transducers involved in natural believe that the results will contribute to “regulation of cancer inflammation downstream of TLR activation; by regulation of chronic inflammation” in future. 3. Transcriptional regulators that control cellular signaling in the nucleus, particularly NF-κB. We determine the three-dimensional structures of the target proteins and their complexes by X-ray crystallography, and provide evidence for the working hypothesis by mutant analyses, that identifies the mechanisms of chronic inflammation causing various diseases, from atomic to individual levels."

Control of chronic inflammation Investigation of pathological through elucidation of organ-specific implications of guidance molecules in autoimmune disease mechanisms chronic inflammation.

Mitsuru Matsumoto Atsushi Kumanogoh Professor, Tokushima University Professor, Osaka University

The human immune system normally Semaphorins exerts multiple functions in distinguishes between microorganisms neuronal development, (non-self) and components of the body neurodegeneration, vasculogenesis, (self), thereby providing protection against tumorigenesis,bone homeostasis, and invasion by numerous pathogens. immune-regulation. In particular, we have However, an intractable autoimmune determined critical roles of semaphorins disease in which the immune system in the last couple of years. In this study, tends to attack the body itself can develop due to unknown we tried to determine the pathological implications of mechanisms. With the aim of developing novel therapeutic semaphorins and their related molecules in chronic approaches for chronic inflammation caused by inflammation, thereby providing useful insights into autoimmunity, we study the mechanisms underlying the manipulation of human disorders. development of organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the abnormal function of AIRE, a gene that plays an essential role in establishing self-tolerance in the thymus.

Identification of critical genes involved Devising novel methods to control in the pathogenesis of human chronic chronic inflammation via regulatory T inflammatory diseases cells

Kouji Yasutomo Shimon Sakaguchi Professor, Tokushima University Professor, Osaka University

The aim of this study is to identify critical Regulatory T cells are a lymphocyte genes, which are involved in the onset or population that is specialized for progression of chronic inflammation, suppressing abnormal or excessive using genetic analysis of familial immune responses. They can be inflammatory diseases. If successful, exploited to suppress chronic these studies would aid in revealing inflammation in autoimmune disease and previously unappreciated molecular chronic rejection in organ transplantation mechanisms of chronic inflammation, and thereby, contribute or to enhance immune responses in tumor immunity and to establish innovative therapeutic strategies for human chronic infection. We plan to devise novel methods to control inflammatory diseases. immune responses via targeting regulatory T cells either by attenuating or strengthening their suppressive activity.

24 Elucidation of the FY2009 Study on the regulatory mechanisms Analysis of the synapse formation for behavioral and learning choices by and the functional networks in the Principles of the habenula vertebrate retina Formation and Hitoshi Okamoto Takahisa Furukawa Function of the Brain Deputy director/ Senior team leader, RIKEN Brain Science Professor, Osaka University Institute The habenua occupies bilatelally the most We focus on the retina, a part of the Neural Network and dorsal part of the diencephalon and relays central nervous system (CNS), to the telemcephalic limbic system with the understand molecular and functional monoaminergic neurons in the midbrain mechanisms underlying specific synaptic Creation of Control and the hindbrain. Taking advantage of connections and neuronal networks. the conservation of the habenula from fish Toward this end, by generating various to mammals, we use zebrafish, rat and genetically engineered mice including Technologies mouse to reveal the functional roles of the habenula as a selective neuron-disrupted mouse, we will investigate synapse switchboard for the choices of behaviors based on the formation at the molecular level, electrophysiological judgement of the emotional values of given situations. Our properties at the cell and tissue levels, and visual function at research may lead to the understanding of the etiology of the individual level. Through these studies, we attempt to psychiatric disorders such as the post-traumatic stress elucidate how elaborate neural networks are formed and disorder (PTSD) and the savant syndrome which abnormally visual information is processed in the retina. enables memorization of objects irrespective of their values. Brain Neural Network

Integrative analysis of inter-region and Spatio-temporal representation of the local circuit connections in the motor information in the brain cerebral cortex revealed by cutting-edge techniques

Yasuo Kawaguchi Masanori Matsuzaki Professor, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Professor, National Institute for Basic Biology

Neurons from discrete neocortical areas The aim of this study is to reveal how send axons near and far to numerous voluntary movement is represented in subcortical and cortical targets. The great cortical circuits. We will combine a diversity of neocortical neurons allows number of cutting-edge techniques to some neuron subtypes to specialize in clarify the activity, distribution, and specific projection pathways. Our connections of the cortical neurons that research will characterize the connection are involved in sequential motor phases. Life Innovation specificity between cortical neuron subtypes and their The activities of the cortical neurons will be modulated by Research Supervisor: projection targets. Furthermore, we will test the hypothesis using 'optogenetic' tools to clarify the direction of flow of that the local synaptic connectivity between inhibitory and motor information. Our results will provide insights into the Seiji Ozawa excitatory neurons depends upon the projection targets. principles of circuit operation and the cellular basis for recovery from brain cortical damage. Professor, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare

Production of various neural cell types Neural mechanisms underlying by regulation of neural stem cells dynamic representations of information in the brain: state transitions in local circuits Yukiko Gotoh Hajime Mushiake Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tohoku University

In the cerebral cortex, different neuronal Higher cognitive functions represent and cell types are generated in a temporally dynamically transform multiple kinds of defined sequence and constitute the information in the brain to achieve cortical layers; neural stem cells then behavioral goals. As the highest level in switch off neuron production to make glial the hierarchical organization of the brain, cells. We will study epigenetic the prefrontal cortex, in particular, is mechanisms that underlie this temporal involved in representing and transforming regulation of neural stem cell fate during development. We will behaviorally relevant information in coordination with cortical and sub-cortical structures. We also study the origin of adult neural stem cells, and try to find hypothesized that a dynamic representation of information in a way to activate this population and incorporate them into the brain is dependent on a balance between excitatory and the neuronal network. inhibitory activities that play important roles in maintaining and transforming the state of local neural circuits. To test this hypothesis, we will evaluate the state of neural circuits by measuring multiple cellular activities and developing a new research technique combining electrophysiology and optogenetics.

Presynaptic regulatory mechanism in Neuronal circuit mechanisms neuronal communication and its underlying odor-induced motivational postnatal development and emotional behaviors

Tomoyuki Takahashi Kensaku Mori Professor, Doshisha University Professor, The University of Tokyo

By introducing molecular tools and With the goal of understanding neuronal manipulations to giant presynaptic circuit logic that translates sensory inputs terminals and glia, visualized in slices and into motivational and emotional behaviors, cultures, we investigate dynamic changes we study the function of central olfactory of electrical/Ca signals and movements of neuronal circuits underlying food odor- intracellular organella in association with induced appetitive motivation and positive neuronal activity, thereby clarifying how emotion and that underlying predator presynaptic molecules regulate transmitter release, and how odor-induced fearful motivation and negative emotion. We they are involved in developmental and activity-dependent study also the information processing mode of central changes of synaptic function. Through this study, we aim at olfactory neuronal circuits during the off-line periods when providing a novel basic insight into the molecular mechanism olfactory sensory inputs are gated, such as during sleeping underlying neuronal communication, thereby contributing to and resting. clinical studies pursuing new treatments for neuronal diseases.

25 Role of C1q family signaling in Roles of cell adhesion molecules in Modes of motor information regulation of synapse formation in the formation of hippocampal processing in primate cerebro– mature brain neuronal circuitry cerebello–basal ganglia networks

Michisuke Yuzaki Yoshimi Takai Eiji Hoshi Professor, Keio University Professor, Kobe University Project Leader, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Neuronal activities induce morphological The critical role of the hippocampus in This study aims to elucidate the neural changes at synapses throughout long-term memory formation has been mechanisms that underlie voluntary motor adulthood. This process is considered as well established. Mossy fibers in the control driven by networks linking the a basis for long-lasting memory. In this hippocampus extend from granule cells motor-related areas in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. To study, we will elucidate roles of C1q to form specialized synapses with the address this issue, we adopt three distinct family proteins in regulation of synapse dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons and approaches in primates. For structural formation and maintenance in adult brain. a variety of inhibitory interneurons. This analyses, we investigate the network Furthermore, we will develop a method to modify neuronal interconnection of excitatory and inhibitory neurons regulates architecture surrounding the primary motor cortex using novel circuits and its associated behaviors in vivo by regulating the neuronal activities. We will focus on the roles of the cell anatomical methods, such as transneuronal labeling with C1q family signaling. The findings of these studies may have adhesion molecules nectins and their associated protein rabies virus. For functional analyses, we examine the neuronal therapeutic potentials against synapse losses, which are afadin to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of activity pattern simultaneously recorded from multiple brain known to occur during aging and under certain pathological (1) target cell recognition, (2) synapse formation, and (3) regions in monkeys performing motor tasks, thereby elucidating the functional framework of the brain in which a conditions. neuronal plasticity. Our results will contribute to the final motor command is synthesized. For pathophysiological understanding of molecular mechanisms in the formation of analyses, we investigate the relationship between behavioral neuronal circuits and to the development of novel strategies changes in motor execution and dysfunction of each brain for treatment of neuronal diseases. region or inter-regional connection.

FY2010 System analysis of the structure and Elucidation of the molecular basis of Neurophysiological investigation of function of higher order neural circuits signaling cascades underlying plastic mechanisms of cognitive memory integrating sensory information neuronal circuits via development of network in the cerebral cortex of new probing and control technologies macaques Kei Ito Haruhiko Bito Yasushi Miyashita Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor , The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo

The brain combines sensory information Previous work has established that Cognitive memory is based on the from multiple system including vision, neuronal circuits comprise two kinds of integrity of the widely distributed network smell, taste, hearing, and somatosensation, connections: hardwired circuits that are in the brain, and the cognitive memory to control behavior. However, the mechanisms genetically programmed and plastic circuits system provides a flexible basis for mental behind the comparison and integration of whose connectivity is strengthened in an operations in primates. In this study, we different sensory modalities are not well experience-dependent manner. In this develop novel electrophysiological understood. To address this issue, we will project, we will investigate the molecular approaches to examine the network utilize the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila, a convenient model basis of the activity dependence of plastic circuits at both the functioning. We aim to reveal the mechanism by which organism for visualizing and manipulating neurons at the synapse and system levels using novel imaging techniques. memory neurons (e.g., pair-coding neurons and pair-recall single-cell level. By systematically analyzing the brain regions Based on these findings, we will further develop new neurons) emerge from the network of temporal and frontal that integrate signals sent from different sensory centers, and molecular tools to deconstruct, reconstruct, and control the association cortices and are orchestrated for cognitive by combining diverse experimental techniques to reveal the function of plastic circuits. function by simultaneous recording of multiple single neurons functions of identified neural circuits, we aim to reveal the combined with coherence and Granger causality analyses. processes underlying integration of sensory information.

Architecture of functional neural Elucidation of mechanisms of neural Neuronal individuality providing neural circuits in the cerebral cortex network reorganization and functional circuit formation and cell assembly recovery after brain injury

Kenichi Ohki Toshihide Yamashita Takeshi Yagi Professor, Kyushu University Professor, Osaka University Professor, Osaka University

The cerebral cortex is composed of Initial behavioral deficits resulting from The brain contains an enormous number several tens of billions of neurons and is brain injury are frequently followed by of neurons, which are assembled into divided into tens of areas. Each area is spontaneous recovery of function. The functional neural networks and also retain further divided into many smaller modules, basis of this behavioral plasticity is not individuality. Clustered protocadherin i.e., functional neural circuits. In this fully understood, although neural network (cPcdh) molecules are candidates for the project, we will investigate the structure reorganization is expected to contribute molecular codes that provide neuronal and function of unitary functional circuits to this resilience. It has been noted that individuality and specific neural network in the cerebral cortex, using in vivo two-photon calcium synaptic plasticity within pre-existing pathways and formation formation. In this study, we investigate the molecular imaging with single-cell resolution. We will explore how the of new circuits through collateral sprouting of both lesioned mechanisms responsible for generating local neural networks unitary circuits develop and work, and elucidate the basic and unlesioned fibers are important components of the and functional cell assembly in the brain by using molecular architecture of functional neural circuits in the cerebral cortex. spontaneous recovery process, although the molecular tools and manipulations to control the expression and mechanisms of these phenomena are poorly understood. We function of cPcdh molecules. We aim to reveal the biological aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this plasticity, basis of sparse parallel-distributed processing of neural knowledge of which will contribute to enhancement of information in the brain. functional recovery after injury to the central nervous system.

FY2011 Elucidation of working principles Neuron–glia interaction in long-term within neural networks controlling remodeling of synapses in vivo language

Kuniyoshi L. Sakai Junichi Nabekura Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, National Institute for Physiological Sciences

We aim to integrate clinical knowledge of The brain dynamically adapts its function language disorders and theoretical in response to changes in the internal and knowledge of language into systems external environment. Reorganization of neuroscience research of language. Our neural circuits and synaptic connections goal is to elucidate the computational between neurons are the key processes principles underlying functional modules that underlie changes in brain function. It (i.e., syntactic and semantic processing, has been technically difficult to observe etc.) from the standpoint of functional differentiation and these changes in circuits and synapses in living animals. localization of language in the human brain. Our focus will be Therefore, in this study, we utilize two-photon microscopy, a on elucidation of working principles within neural networks technique that allows imaging of neurons and synapses in from the standpoint of the neural connections among living animals over time. We specifically focus on the role of modules within these networks. Furthermore, we will explore microglia and astrocytes in reorganization of synapses and mechanisms of neural network reorganization during the neural circuits. We aim to reveal the underlying mechanisms sensitive period of language acquisition as well as after by which the brain adapts to its environment and the role of development of language disorders. the neuron–glia interactions in this neuronal plasticity.

26 Fundamental FY2008 Mechanism of reprogramming by Isolation of molecular markers that germ cell histones represent pluripotency and Technologies for tumorigenicity of human iPS cells Medicine Shunsuke Ishii Haruhiko Koseki Concerning the Chief Scientist, RIKEN Group Director, RIKEN

Modification of histones play an important role for regulation Towards clinical application of human iPS cells, one of Generation and of gene expression during development. We have found that essential prerequisites is to gauge levels of the efficacy and the histone variants expressed in oocyte and testis also security during its therapeutic use. To this end, we first present in the early embryo. We also found that these histone establish therapeutic models by using haematopietic lineage Regulation of variants have the capacity to reprogram somatic cells. In this cells derived from human iPS cells in totally immuno- research, we are attempting to study the mechanism of compromised mice. We then reveal gene expression and reprogramming by these histone variants, and to contribute epigenetic profiles of various human iPS cells genome-widely. Induced Pluripotent to establish the basic technology for reprogramming of By combining these data, we try to squeeze molecular somatic cells. markers that represent pluripotency and tumorigenicity of Stem (iPS) Cells human iPS cells. iPS Cells

Manipulation of epigenetic status of Analysis of abnormal regulation of cell hematopoietic stem cells for differentiation and drug development regenerative medicine research by using induced cancer stem cells Atsushi Iwama Hideyuki Saya Professor, Chiba University Professor, Keio University

Generation of self-renewing human hematopoietic stem cells We have succeeded to generate cancer stem cells which (HSCs) from ES cells or iPS cells is a challenging project. Our possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the proposal aims to solve this problem. To this end, we first heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells from normal somatic understand the epigenetic status, particularly the histone cells by introducing particular genetic alterations. In our modification profiles of adult HSCs. We also characterize the proposed project, we intend to develop cell-based assay role of polycomb genes, important regulators of histone systems using the induced cancer stem cells (iCSCs), which modifications, in the maintenance of HSCs and can be applied to screening of chemical compounds and Life Innovation reprogramming of hematopoietic cells to pluripotency. These antibodies that suppress the tumorigenic activity by Research Supervisor: approaches should provide critical epigenetic regulatory controlling cell differentiation and niche function. In addition, machinery that determines adult HSCs. Finally, we identify the we would like to generate human iCSCs from differentiated Toshio Suda epigenetic programs essential for generation of adult HSCs human somatic cells for drug targets. from iPS-derived embryonic hematopoietic progenitors. By Professor, Keio University applying all these results to HSC induction from iPS cells, we hope to provide a road map for iPS cell-based regenerative medicine in the lympho-hematopoietic field.

Invention of devices for elevating Analysis of reprogramming security level of iPS cells through mechanism of Germline stem cells understanding the molecular mechanisms of iPS cell generation Akihiko Okuda Takashi Shinohara Professor, Saitama Medical University Professor, Kyoto University

iPS cells have many advantageous characteristics compared Germline stem cells from the postnatal testis can convert into to ES cells such as avoidance of ethic issue and immune- ES-like, multipotent germline stem cells without any genetic rejection problem. However, iPS cells have apparently one treatment. We will examine 1) the differences between SSCs major drawback about the safety issue compared to ES cells and ES cells, 2) analyze the reprogramming machinery, and 3) for the potential source of regenerating medicine. In our derive mGS cells from a variety of animal species. laboratory, we will perform experiments to lower the risk of iPS cells including trial for generating iPS cells with integration-defective lentivirus. We will also try to elucidate the molecular bases of iPS cell generation in order to obtain clues to elevate safety level of the cells.

Towards ideal iPS cells for gene Research on iPS cell-derived dendritic therapy and regenerative medicine cells and macrophages aiming at using a human artificial chromosome clinical application (HAC) Mitsuo Oshimura Satoru Senju Professor, Tottori University Associate Professor, Kumamoto University

This study aims 1)Induction of safe iPS cells using human In this project, based on our study using mouse and human artificial chromosome (HAC) which has several characteristics ES cells, we will establish methods to induce differentiation of i.e., stable episomal maintenance that avoids insertional human iPS cells into dendritic cells and macrophages. Our mutations and the ability to carry large and multiple gene project also includes basic research for clinical application of inserts including their regulatory elements, and 2)Basic study such iPS cell-derived immune cells. on gene and cell therapy for Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and diabetes, using the HAC containing defective gene and several genes for induction and monitoring of differentiation.

27 Analysis of the transcription factor A comprehensive analysis of the Molecular mechanisms of network governing establishment of mechanism underlying the genome- transcriptional regulation in cell pluripotency in somatic cells wide epigenetic reprogramming in the reprogramming and differentiation germ cell lineage and its application Hitoshi Niwa Mitinori Saitou Eisuke Nishida Project Leader, RIKEN Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyoto University

It is a mystery why the combination of few transcription Germ cell development involves genome-wide epigenetic This study aims at (I) elucidation of molecular mechanisms of factors is sufficient to establish pluripotency in somatic cells. reprogramming, which occurs in a highly ordered fashion. changes in transcriptional programs during cell In this research project, we will try to disclose this mystery by Unveiling the mechanisms involved in this process would be reprogramming, (II) understanding of transcriptional programs analysing the structure of the transcription factor network important for understanding the molecular logic for epigenetic in cell differentiation processes, (III) establishment and encoded by the genome. reprogramming in general, which will shed a new insight into molecular analyses of automated programs for the mechanisms underlying iPS cell induction. In this project, transdifferentiation, and (IV) analyses on the action we succeeded in inducing primordial germ cell-like cells mechanisms of transcription factors and the molecular (PGCLCs) from mouse ES cells and iPS cells. The PGCLCs mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Thus, this study will contributed to spermatogenesis upon transplantation into provide molecular bases for generation of various tissues and testes and the resultant sperm contributed to fertile offspring. organs from iPS cells. We can now generate a large amount of PGCLCs in petri dish. This work contributes to the clarification of the mechanism of the genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming.

FY2010 A novel and efficient method of Analysis of molecular mechanisms Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts cellular reprogramming using human involved in physiological cell into cardiomyocytes by defined artificial chromosomes (HACs). reprogramming factors and its application to potential regenerative therapies Yoshihiro Yoneda Nobuyuki Takakura Masaki Ieda Professor, Osaka University Professor, Osaka University Project Assistant Professor, Keio University

Generating iPS cells from patient’s somatic cell will become It has emerged that somatic cell reprogramming occurs in Heart disease is a leading cause of mortality. Because one of the most important techniques for future regenerative vivo physiologically and endogenously. We have recently cardiomyocytes have little or no regenerative capacity, medicine. To overcome several issues of a current method of found the possibility that the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) cardiac regeneration is a very exciting therapeutic approach. iPS generation, which utilizes viral vectors for transgene population induces reprogramming of somatic cells into the Pluripotent stem cells possess cardiogenic potential, but delivery, we will attempt to develop a new method using next- stem cell lineage through delivery of stemness factors. This efficiency of cardiac differentiation, risk of tumor formation, generation human artificial chromosomes (HACs). Further, we reprogramming method may be utilized for regenerating and survival of transplanted cells must be overcome. We will extend our research based on novel insights into the damaged tissue under physiological conditions. We will recently found that a combination of three developmental interplay between reprogramming factors and their nuclear attempt to define this physiological pathway of cell transcription factors reprogrammed cardiac fibroblasts import/export receptors. By regulating the environment of reprogramming at the molecular level and believe that this will directly into cardiomyocytes in mouse. We will investigate the nucleo-cytoplasmic molecular transport, we will try to further contribute to the development of new technology for tissue mechanism of cardiac reprogramming and advance this new increase the efficiency of cellular reprogramming. regeneration. technology for potential regenerative therapies.

FY2009 Development of personalized preventive In vivo directed reprogramming of Search for pathogenesis and novel medicine toward neurodegenerative neural crest cells therapeutics of hematological diseases based on pathomechanistic malignancies based on generation of insight explored by iPS cell technology iPS cells from primary tumor cells Haruhisa Inoue Yoshiko Takahashi Mineo Kurokawa Associate Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyoto University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Recapitulation of disease-niche, by using neural cells from The iPS technology has opened a way to reprogram Primary tumor cells from patients with hematological disease-specific iPS cells of Alzhemimer's disease or differentiated cells into other cell types. Progress of iPS malignancies are ideal sources for the research of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, will make it possible to monitor research has mostly been made in vitro system, which pathogenesis and therapeutics, but it is often difficult to misfolded protein, and to evaluate the responsible requires a long-term cell culture and subsequent cell obtain them sufficiently. In this study, we reprogram patient- molecule(s) for neurodegeneration by genetic analysis or by transplantation into host animals. We aim to establish an in derived tumor cells into iPSCs and expand them through re- animal experiments. The research will develop the concept, vivo directed reprogramming technology with neural crest differentiation into hematopoietic cells. Using these cells, we "early diagnosis and treatment", which is critical for cells as a model. Neural crest cells are a population of stem perform extensive studies which require a large number of conquering neurodegenerative diseases, into personalized cells that give rise to peripheral nervous system and pigment living cells such as epigenomics, proteomics, functional preventive medicine. cells. The principle of technology developed for neural crest genomics, and drug screening. Through these analyses, we cells can also be applied to other cells/tissues, and it will aim to elucidate disease mechanisms and establish novel therefore serve as a general basis for advanced regenerative targeted therapies for hematological malignancies. medicine.

Analysis of molecular basis of stem Directed induction of chondrogenic The generation of high-quality human cell generation using guided stem / progenitor cells from dermal iPS cells and their characterization differentiation of iPS cell into tissue fibroblast culture by defined factors stem cells Takumi Era Noriyuki Tsumaki Yutaka Hanazono Professor, Kumamoto University Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Jichi Medical University

The tissue stem cells such as mesenchymal and The generation of iPS cells has enabled full reprogramming of There are considerable differences between human and hematopoietic stem cells and renal progenitors are invaluable somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, followed by mouse iPS cells in the developmental state. Mouse iPS cells to the medical therapies for intractable diseases. This study differentiation to other cell types of diseased organs. are closer to the ground state than human iPS cells. iPS cells aims 1) Establishment of induction method from iPS cell into Alternatively, we aim to induce chondrogenic stem / derived from other animals (e.g. monkeys and pigs) are similar tissue stem cell through identifying the intermediates during progenitor cells directly from mouse dermal fibroblast culture to human iPS cells in terms of the developmental state. The iPS cell differentiation, and 2) Elucidation of molecular by employing methods of directed reprogramming. Induced purpose of this study is to bring human, monkey, and pig iPS mechanism of stem cell development using iPS cells. Our cells could produce homogenous cartilage tissue in vivo, cells into the ground state to generate high-quality ones. We results are expected to contribute to the generation of the providing materials with joint diseases in regenerative will also show what we can do using the high-quality iPS cells new basis that can not only help promote the conventional medicine. This approach induces cells without reversion to a (dissociated culture, homologous recombination, animal treatment with tissue stem cells but also facilitate the pluripotent stem cell state, possibly reducing a risk of developmental engineering, etc.). development of novel therapies using tissue and induced- tumorigenesity and producing homogenous tissues of pluripotent stem cells. diseased organs.

28 Construction of functional liver tissues using iPS cells

Atsushi Miyajima Professor, The University of Tokyo

Functional hepatocytes are necessary for regenerative medicine, drug discovery and bioartificial liver.This project is aiming at reconstruction of three dimensional liver tissues in vitro using hepatocytes in combination with hepatic non- parenchymal cells. The ultimate goal is to make fully functional liver tissues in vitro using human iPS cells, which can be used for drug development. iPS Cells

Establishment of the mouse model with human liver derived from iPS cells and its use for experimental therapy Ken-ichi Yamamura Professor, Kumamoto University

To test the safety and usefulness of human iPS derived liver cells in vivo, we develop 1) optimum mouse for transplantation of human liver cells, 2) mouse with human liver, 3) mouse with human liver derived from iPS cells of patients with human genetic diseases, 4) ideal mouse model for patho-physiological analysis and experimental therapy Life Innovation

Chemical Regulation of Nuclear Epigenome and Mitochondrial Genome

Minoru Yoshida Team Leader, RIKEN

Epigenetics in the nuclear genome, which is mainly controlled by histone modifications, plays an important role in reprogramming and cellular differentiation. Compared to the nuclear genome, mutations accumulate more frequently in the genome of mitochondria, which is involved in aging and age-related diseases. Reprogramming of not only the nuclear but also the mitochondria genome is desired for ideal regeneration therapy using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. This project aims at developing new technologies to enhance reprogramming and differentiation by identification of bioactive compounds that regulate epigenetics and mitochondrial DNA metabolism.

29 Etiological Basics of FY2008 Elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of Mechanis of organ specific allergic and autoimmune diseases and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and Techniques for development of new therapeutics targeted on and the development of its control Treatment of Allergic IL-17 family molecules and C-type lectin recepors approach Yoichiro Iwakura Toshio Hirano and Autoimmune Director and Professor, Tokyo University of Science President, Osaka University

Upon infection, immune cells are activated and produce We recently showed dysregulation of an IL-17–triggered Diseases cytokines through recognition of these pathogens by positive feedback loop of IL-6 signaling, which involves the pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition molecules activation of NF-kB and STAT3 in fibroblasts, plays a role for such as TLR or C-type lectins, resulting in the eladication of arthritis development in mutant mice. Because this these pathogens. However, excess activation of this system mechanism appears to enhance experimental autoimmune may also cause allergy and autoimmunity. In this project, we encephalomyelitis in wild-type mice, it might be a general will analyze the functional roles of cytokines including IL-17A/ etiologic process underlying other Th17 cell-mediated IL-17F and C-type lectins including Dectin-1/2 and Dcir in the autoimmune diseases as well as chronic inflammatory development of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, allery, diseases. In this project, our research is focused on analyzing and infectious diseases, and try to develop novel therapeutics in vivo homeostasis of the IL-6 loop on the molecular level to against these diseases. identify several molecular targets to efficiently control the enhancing level of the loop in vivo.

Conquest of mucosal immune A novel strategy for treatment of disorders on the basis of dendritic cell immune-related disorders by using regulation cytoskeleton regulating signals as targets Toshiaki Ohteki Yoshinori Fukui Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, Kyushu University

Mucosa is a major entry site for antigens and its associated Remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton regulates many cellular lymphoid tissues comprise a unique system of dendritic cells functions in the immune system. The CDM family of proteins, (DC) that maintains immune tolerance. In this research evolutionarily conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors, project, we will elucidate the induction mechanisms of DC- induce cytoskeletal reorganization by functioning downstream mediated mucosal immune tolerance and disorders. Based of various receptors. In this study, we will analyze on the results, we will further aim at the development of DC- comprehensively the structure, function and signal based technology for prevention and treatment of mucosal transduction of the CDM family proteins to identify chemical immune disorders. or natural compounds that inhibit effectively immune Research Supervisor: responses. This accomplishment will lead to the development of new therapeutics for intractable diseases such as Kazuo Sugamura autoimmune diseases and graft rejection. Chief Director, Miyagi Prefectural Hospital Organization

Novel immunotherapies exploiting Reprograming of immune system by inhibitory mechanisms of modulation of intracellular signal immunoreceptors transduction

Toshiyuki Takai Akihiko Yoshimura Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Keio University School of Medicine

We will establish novel therapeutic strategies against allergic Helper T cell is known as a commander of immunity. After and autoimmune diseases by enhancing immunoregulatory activation by antigenic stimulation, naïve helper T cells poteintials of cell-surface receptors, such as FcgRIIB and differentiate into either effector T cells responsible for positive LILRB, critical inhibitory receptors for IgG and MHC class I immune reactions or regulatory T cells necessary for the molecules, respectively. We plan polishing-up of intravenous negative regulation of immunity. Dysregulation of the balance g-globulin therapies and enhancement of self-tolerance by between effector and regulatory T cells causes immunological developing agonistic ligands to the critical immunoregulatory disorders such as allergy and autoimmune diseases. We have receptors. Moreover, we will examine these basic and pre- discovered SOCS family proteins, which play pivotal roles in clinic ideas in NOG mice with the humanized immune system, keeping such balance. In this project, we will further elucidate and will maturate our original concept into the development of molecular mechanisms for the maintenance and regulation of versatile immunoregulatory tools for the immune system in helper T cell differentiation. Furthermore, we will develop new humans. methods for reprogramming helper as well as memory T cells: conversion of effector and memory T cells into regulatory T cells, which will be a novel strategy for the regulation of immunological diseases.

FY2009 Engulfment and degradation of Regulation of immune response and apoptotic cells, and its failure infection by targeting paired receptors

Shigekazu Nagata Hisashi Arase Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Osaka University

Everyday several billions of cells undergo apoptosis in our Paired receptors that consit of activating and inhibitory bodies. They are swiftly engulfed by macrophages for receptors play an important role in the regulation of degradation. More than 10 billions of red blood cells are autoimmunity. Paired receptors are also involved in host produced everyday. During erythropoiesis, nuclei are expelled defense against various infectious diseases. In the present from erythroid precursor cells and engulfed by macrophages. sutdy, we investigate recognition mechanism of a series of The failure of this process, the engulfment and degradation of paired receptors as well as their functions in immune diseases apoptotic cells and nuclei, causes systemic lupus and infectious diseases. Furthermore, we will develop a novel erythematosus (SLE)-type autoimmune disease and strong method to regulate autoimmunity and allergy as well as inflammation accompanied by anemia and polyarthritis. In this immunity to pathogens and tumors by modulating the project, we will study the molecular mechanism how the function of paired receptors. inefficient engulfment and degradation of dead cells and nuclei cause the autoimmune disease and inflammation.

30 Identification of new therapeutic Analysis of the regulatory mechanisms that targets by genetic dissection and underlie nucleic acid-mediated immune reconstitution of autoimmune responses and its development into therapeutic diseases in mice strategies against immune disorders Taku Okazaki Tadatsugu Taniguchi Professor, The University of Tokushima Specially Appointed Professor, The University of Tokyo

Most of the autoimmune diseases are regulated by multiple During microbial infection or tissue damage, DNA and RNA genes. However, little is known of the hierarchical genetic potently activate the innate and adaptive immune responses. regulation of autoimmunity. Recently, we found that the As a consequence, the nucleic acid-mediated activation of introduction of PD-1 deficiency resulted in the reduction of the immune system can result in the development and/or exacerbation of immunological disorders such as the number of genetic factors involved in the development of autoimmunity. We previously identified DAI as a cytosolic type I diabetes in NOD mice, a mouse model of type I DNA receptor, while more recently demonstrated that a single diabetes. In this project, we try to idntify all genetic factors mechanism integrates all nucleic acid-sensing systems with required for the development of type I diabetes to unravel the the discovery that high-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins whole regulatory mechanism of type I diabetes. We will also function as universal sentinels for the detection of nucleic analyze other autoimmune diseases including myocarditis and acids. In this project, we seek to further elucidate the vasculitis. Based on these genetic studies, we will identify mechanism-of-action of these sensors by gene targeting and new therapeutic targets of autoimmune diseaeses. other approaches. These findings will lay the foundation to establish assay systems with which to identify novel compounds for the suppression of nucleic acid-mediated activation of immune responses with the aim of developing novel drugs for autoimmunity, allergy and allograft rejection. The Immune System FY2010 Novel mechanisms of allergy and its Control of allergic diseases by regulation regulation of human mast cell activation

Hajime Karasuyama Akira Shibuya Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, University of Tsukuba

Allergic disorders have increased in prevalence these days in Allergy is induced by the release of chemical mediators from industrialized countries including Japan, and become an mast cells. We identified novel immunoreceptors, Allergin-1 object of public concern. We have recently discovered novel and MAIR-I, which inhibit the release of chemical mediators players in the pathogenesis of allergy through studies on from mast cells. In this project, we will search novel inhibitory basophils and hyper-IgE syndrome. Based on these new immunoreceptors expressed on human mast cells and clarify findings, in this project we will clarify novel mechanisms of their role in the regulatory mechanism of allergic diseases. allergy and its regulation at the molecular, cellular and in vivo Furthermore, we will develop novel therapeutic approach Life Innovation levels, and explore key strategies toward the development of targetting the inhibitory immunoreceptors on mast cells for new therapies for allergic disorders. allergic diseases.

Disregulated of immune-cell Development of a new strategy trafficking signaling and development targeting innate immunity for of autoimmunity treatment of intestinal immune disorders Tatsuo Kinashi Kiyoshi Takeda Professor, Kansai Medical University Professor, Osaka University

Dynamic trafficking of immune cells throughout the body Disregulated activity of innate immunity causes several plays important roles in immunosurveillance. We discoverd immune disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases. the small GTpase Rap1 in controlling immune cell trafficking, Mucosal immunity is an unique system, and there exist and have clarified the regulatory mechanism. Unexpectedly, peculiar subsets of innate immune cells, which regulate impairment of the Rap1 signaling to control trafficking have intestinal homeostasis. In this project, we will reveal the led to autoimmunity of multiple organs in mice. This project regulatory mechanism for mucosal immune responses by aims to clarify the mechanism and function of trafficking innate immunity, and will develop a new strategy to treat regulatory signaling in self tolerance, and further investigate intestinal immune disorders. the involvement in intractalble autoimmune disease in human.

Development of a novel way to treat autoimmune disease by regulating humoral immune systems

Tomohiro Kurosaki Specially Appointed Professor, Osaka University

It has been thought that self-antibodies produced by plasma cells are one of the critical determinants for initiation and amplification of autoimune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Focusing on self-reactive plasma cells and their precursor memory B cells, this study aims at identifying activation, inhibition, and survival factors of these cells, thereby developing a novel way to treat autoimmune diseases.

31 Creation of a Novel FY2007 Development of PTSD remedy based Identification of endophenotype in on the molecular mechanisms psychiatric disorders using genetically Technology Towards underlying fear memory formation engineered mice Diagnosis and Kaoru Inokuchi Tsuyoshi Miyakawa Treatment Based on Group Director, Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Professor, Fujita Health University MITILS Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is Elucidating the factors underlying Understanding of triggered by a traumatic experience that psychiatric illness is hampered by current is based on strong fear memory. This methods of clinical diagnosis. The project aims to understand the molecular identification of biological Molecular mechanisms underlying fear memory endophenotypes is essential, but formation in animal models. Specifically, represents a considerable challenge in we will focus our attention on the human subjects. In this project, we first Pathogenesis of molecular and cellular basis of reconsolidation and extinction try to identify endophenotypes in genetically-engineered mice of fear memory. Based on these results we also attempt to showing behaivoral abnormalities related to pscyhiatirc develop a theoretically novel PTSD remedy. disorders. And then we investigate human subjects, utilizing Psychiatric and the knowledge obtained in mice. Our project will reveal molecular and neural mechanisms underlying psychiatric Neurological disoreders. Disorders

FY2008 Comprehensive study for the Novel approach to reconstruct development of disease-modifying neuronal circuits after spinal cord therapies for Alzheimer's disease injury and brain diseases

Takeshi Iwatsubo Onodera Hiroshi Professor, University of Tokyo Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory of Hokkaido-Tohoku office in National Hospital Organization Headquarters The present research project aims at Although innovations in neuronal stem cell elucidating the pathophysiology of science are amazing, neuronal cell Alzheimer's disease (AD) focusing on the transplantation techniques are still production, aggregation and clearance of unsatisfactory. This is partly because of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta), the latter insufficient neurite outgrowth of grafted being the pathogenic protein in AD, neurons in the host tissues. We develop a thereby developing novel therapeutic method to encourage neurite extension in strategies for AD. Gamma-secretase responsible for Abeta damaged neuronal tissues by utilizing cell adhesion Research Supervisor: production, synaptic and dendritic failures as consequences molecules-bound magnetic substances, which can be of Abeta toxicity, and enhancement of Abeta export from arranged in the putative neuronal circuites in the host tissues Teruhiko Higuchi brain, are the major targets to be tested. Furthermore, we will suffering from spinal cord injury or brain diseases. identify biomarkers that represent early AD changes by careful President, National Center of Neurology comparison of model animals and humans, thereby facilitating and Psychiatry the clinical application of novel therapies.

Elucidation of molecular pathogenesis Identification of molecular mechanism and of schizophrenia by analyzing development of novel and curative susceptibility genes pharmacological treatment for dysfunction of social reciprocity in autism Kozo Kaibuchi Nobumasa Kato Professor, Nagoya University Professor, Showa University

Schizophrenia is a complex genetic Our research project aims at identifying disorder with fairly high heritability. molecular mechanisms and developing Although it has been reported that pharmacological intervention for schizophrenia has high inheritance, the dysfunction of social reciprocity, the most molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia fundamental feature of autism spectrum remains currently unknown. To disorders. To this end, we will focus on understand the molecular pathogenesis, oxytocin as a key molecular target. By we will identify the proteins interacting with susceptibility gene collaborations of genetics, animal models, neuroimaging, and products, and analyze their patho-physiological functions. clinical trials, we will establish early detection and treatment Moreover, we will generate knockout and transgenic mice of strategy for oxytocin-related social dysfunction in autism. the susceptibility genes. Our aim is to establish a new approach of prophylaxis and treatment of schizophrenia.

Elucidation of Parkinson’s disease Development of diagnosis and treatment techniques for (PD) gene networks and establishment patients with sever intractable depression and of strategies for treating PD insensitivity to antidepressant treatment based on molecular and cellular researches on bdnf and depression Ryosuke Takahashi Masami Kojima Professor, Kyoto University Leader, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST) Parkinson's disease (PD), which is The fi nding that chronic antidepressant characterized by progressive and selective (AD)-treatment in-creases the level of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) second most common neurodegenerative in brain raised a possibility that BDNF is a disorder affecting more than 100,000 patients key molecule im-plicated in pathology of in Japan. Development of rational and radical depression and biological response to AD remedies for PD based on correct treatment. Nevertheless, molecular and understanding of its pathogenesis is an urgent cellular mech-anisms that link BDNF issue in aging societies. In this project, we establish genetic models action with severe and antidepressant-resistant depression of PD in tissue culture cells, Medaka fish and mice, each harboring a remain ill-defi ned. In this project, we have assumed that defi single or multiple mutations in genes responsible for or associated cits in secretion and processing of BDNF are crucial causes with familial PD. With these complementary model systems, we of intractable depression and resistance to AD exposure. clarify the complex pathophysiology of PD that involves the Based on this hypothesis, we will attempt the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress response, protein degradation new diagnosis and treatment techniques for patients with mechinery, mitochondria and dopamine metabolism. The goals of sever intractable depression and insensitivity to AD treatment our project are to generate research resources, to define molecular by clarifying molecular pathogenesis of depres-sion, targets, and to discover small-molecule lead compounds, for the searching for blood biomarkers, and by using diagnostic treatment of PD and related neurodegenerative disorders. functional and structural imaging of brain.

32 Development of molecular targeted Development of Comprehensive therapy for sporadic ALS based on Therapies for Polyglutamine Diseases creation of animal models

Gen Sobue Nobuyuki Nukina Professor, Nagoya University Lab Head, RIKEN / Professor, Juntendo University

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is Polyglutamine diseases are hereditary sporadic in over 90% cases. Its disorders including Huntington disease, pathogenesis remains largely elusive and SBMA and some of hereditary cerebellar the basic remedy for this disease is not ataxias, in which CAG repeat in their established so far. In this CREST project responsible genes is expanded. So far, we will develop animal models mimicking no effective therapy has been developed. molecular events observed in the In this CREST project, we will develop the pathological tissues of sporadic ALS patients and clarify comprehensive therapies targeting molecules, which molecular pathogenesis and target molecules leading to modulate pathological processes including protein motor neuron degeneration. Moreover we will develop degradation, aggregation and gene transcription. We will also molecular targeted therapy and aim for its clinical application. employ the methods of chemical genetics, determine the molecular targets and develop new drug and gene therapies. Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders FY2009 Development of anti-amyloid and anti- Development of diagnosis and tau therapeutics based on the treatment based on the molecular molecular mechanism of Alzheimer’s pathomechanism of Purkinje cell disease degeneration. Yasuo Ihara Hidehiro Mizusawa Professor, Doshisha University Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University

The present work is undertaken to Cerebellar Purkinje cell(PC) impairment enhance our understanding of the cause spinocerebellar ataxiass (SCAs) but pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. there has been few treatments. In this Regarding anti-amyloid therapy, we seek research, we plan to elucidate pathologic to develop “ substrate-specific drug”, in pathways from RNA expression to which cleavage of APP (ßCTF) alone individual disease onset as well as to would be suppressed, whereas the establish a treatment strategy through Life Innovation cleavage of other substrates is not interfered with thus development of animal models imitating genetic SCAs with bringing few adverse effects. We also seek to clarify the role PC degenaration, and omics and chemical biology of Aß oligomer by characterizing the new APP mutation found techniques. We would finally like to create treatment in Japan, which is ready to form Aß oligomer but not fibrils. methods and diagnostic markers which could be applicable Finally, we test our hypothesis that unbalanced expression of to PC impairment and cerebellar ataxia in general. tubulin and tau leads to tauopathy, and aim at exploring anti- tau therapeutics.

Integrative reasearch on neuropsychiatric behavioral diseases

Toru Takumi Lab Head, RIKEN

Aabnormal behaviors are often seen in neuropsychiatric diseases. We have developed a new humanoid mouse model for autism by using a chromosome- engineering technique. In this project we study molecular pathophysiology of animal models such as autism and mood disorder and basics for new diagonistic and therapeutic tools.

Elucidation of molecular and cellular basis of synapse-glia system dysfunction in schizophrenia toward creation of novel strategies for its diagnosis and treatment Toru Nishikawa Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University

Despite a body of evidence indicating that disturbed glutamate (Glu) neurotransmission may be involved in schizophrenia that is an intractable brain disease with a high prevalence, the exact mechanisms of the disturbance remains unclear. In the present research project, we aim at elucidating not only neuronal but also glial components of the Glu synapse dysregulation in schizophrenia by focusing our special attention on the molecular and cellular basis of the neuron-glia communication by a crucial Glu synapse modulator D-serine. Based upon these new approaches together with the clinical trials of a D-serine signal modifier, D-cycloserine, to treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients, we will attempt to create innovate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting the Glu synapse-glia system for schizophrenia.

33 The Dynamic FY2006 (Completed Research) Unraveling how cells connect global System dynamics of neural circuit tissue asymmetry to individual cell governing behavior Mechanism of and polarity Fundamental Tadashi Uemura Ikue Mori Technology for Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Nagoya University

We have developed novel methods to quantitiatively and Resolving the principle underlying dynamics of neural circuits Biological System statistically analyze behaviors of single particles in vivo. With is a major challenge in neuroscience. By developing systems the help of them, we propose the entire view of the for multicellular calcium imaging, optogenetics and auto- mechanisms that connect asymmetry of microtubule polarity tracking of freely moving individual C. elegans animals, we along an organ axis, directional transport of vesciles, and revealed novel neural regulations in the circuit generating establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP). Furthermore we memory-based thermotaxis behavior. Our studies should have demonstrated that seven-pass transmembrane provide conceptual advances on understanding how brain cadherins, which were previously known to control PCP, also functions during cognition, learning and memory in mammals. contribute to a two- as well as three-dimensional organ archtectures and to repelling of sister processes that are derived from the same neruonal cell.

FY2007 Mechanism of ultradian rhythms of Fluctuation analysis of stochastic gene expression biomolecular computation system in living cells

Ryoichiro Kageyama Masahiro Ueda Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Osaka University

In this project, we have elucidated the role of negative Recent progress in the area of single-molecule detection feedback in regulating oscillatory expression of Hes7 in the techniques has realized the stochastic nature of biomolecules segmentation clock by evaluating predictions from in living cells. This leads to a fundamental question about mathematical models. We have also revealed the structure intracellular signaling processes in general. How do living cells and functions of the oscillator networks of this clock. In manage successfully to acquire noise-robust characteristics addition, we have demonstrated the essetial roles of and flexibility in their information processing under the strong oscillatory expression of Hes1 in various functions of neural influence of thermal and stochastic fluctuations? In this stem cells, embryonic stem cels and fibroblasts. These results research project, we are going to clarify the significance and Research Supervisor: together successfully revealed the mechanism and roles of the fluctuations in the dynamical behaviors of Shigetada Nakanishi significance of ultradian rhythms in many biological events. biomolecular computation systems. Director, Osaka Bioscience Institute

Information coding systems of signal Circadian system of cyanobacteria transduction

Shinya Kuroda Takao Kondo Professor, University of Tokyo Professor, Nagoya University

Cells code various extracellular information into the temporal Circadian clock is a basic mechanism of living organism to and spatial patterns of signaling networks and elicit various coordinate its metabolism with daily environmental alteration cellular functions. Such coding systems may involve the of the earth. We reconstituted circadian oscillation by mixing temporal patterns-coding (frequency-response) and the three Kai proteins and ATP in a test tube. We will elucidate a expression-patterns-coding. We have extracted such coding- sub-molecular mechanism of Kai protein to tick time precisely. principles of signaling network. We also address how this protein oscillator is integrated with cellular system and functions inside cyanobacteria cells as accurate clock.

Mechanism generating biological Regulation of gene expression polarities mediated by RNA silencing

Hiroshi Hamada Mikiko C. Siomi Professor, Osaka University Associate Professor, Keio University

Generating polarities is an essential event during the early Small RNAs trigger various forms of sequence-specific gene phase of embryogenesis. In this study, we have focused on silencing, which is now collectively referred to as RNA anterio-posterior and left-right poralities, and wished to reveal silencing. It is becoming clear that RNA silencing is involved how these polaries are generated in the mouse. In 5 years, in multiple pathways in eukaryotes, including developmental we have clarified how node cilia are invloved in left-right transition, organogenesis, metabolism, and genome symmetry breaking, and have discovered that the anterio- surveillance. Thus, it enables the integration and networking posterior polarity is determined at the peri-implatation stage, of complex suites of gene activity, thereby elaborating a much earlier stage than previously thought. multicellular complexity. Our goal is to elucidate how RNA silencing pathways function in Drosophila and reach a deeper understanding of complexity of biological systems involving RNA silencing mechanisms.

34 Establishment of the analytical basis toward comprehensive understanding of the ubiquitin system

Keiichi Nakayama Professor, Kyushu University

The ubiquitin system controls a number of important biological phenomena, and more than a thousand of enzymes are involved in the system. However, the relationship between the enzymes and their corresponding substrates has not yet been well established, and the development of technology that comprehensively analyzes the ubiquitin system is necessary. In this project, we intend to develop a new methodology by the combination of genetics and proteomics to understand the ubiquitylation as a system, by which molecular mechanisms underlying a number of biological phenomena will be elucidated. Biological System Life Innovation

35 Basic Technologies FY2005 (Completed Research) Development of quantitative Molecular network that supports metabolomics and intergration of chromosome segregation metabolism for Controlling Cell metabolome data with proteome data Functions Based on Yoshiya Oda Mitsuhiro Yanagida Metabolic President, Biomarkers & Personalized Medicine Unit, Eisai Investigator (Professor extraordinary), Kyoto University Co., Ltd. We have developed accurate & comprehensive quantitative How the number of chromosomes (46 for human, for Regulation metabolomics, and high sensitive metabolome analysis by example) is kept to be constant? This project elucidated nano-scale sample preparation, nano-scale stone bridge cellular functions of molecular network that is essential for columns & selective enrichment techniques. We also homeostasis of chromosome number. Metabolic regulatory Mechanism Analysis constructed an universal software for mass spectrometry, pathways consisting of evolutionarily conserved proteins and and we are providing the software with no charge. We have metabolites exist and are required for inheriting collaborated Mass Bank (JST-BIRD) to develop metabolome chromosomes. We established the pathways using a variety database. We have submitted a patent for Alzheimer's of integrated technologies. Knowledge obtained and disease diagnostics. One of our projects has been integrated methodology developed will be applicable in principle to any with proteomics to understand mechnisam of the change of organisms, so that their values are high and expected to be metabolomics. applicable in the areas of understanding the causes of 'chromosome diseases' and cancer.

Construction of the fundamental Global analysis of dynamics and system for lipid metabololics and its network of protein modifications application

Ryo Taguchi Minoru Yoshida Professor, Chubu University Chief Scientist, RIKEN

During this project, we could construct the fundmental Cellular proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational thechniques for comprehensive analysis on the changes in modifications. The modifications may constitute dynamic lipid metabolites within living cells by mass spectrometry. networks to regulate the environmental responses and With this method, we discovered unknown oxidized lipid homeostasis. In particular, protein acetylation and methylation metabolites and proved that lipid oxidation was titely occur in concert with cellular metabolic activity. However, the concerning several lifestyle-related diseases. We could overall connections between protein modifications and confirmed that lipid metabolomics is very important method metabolism are still unclear. In this project, we systematically for new drug discovery and neutral improvement of food identifoed modifications that occur in the fission yeast gene Research Supervisor: adding to the elucidation in physiological function of lipids. products, and the functional significance of the modifications in the metabolism was elucidated. These studies revealed that Masahiro Nishijima the functions of many human homologues of the metabolism- related gene products were regulated by protein acetylation. Professor, Showa Pharmaceutical Furthermore, we established the systems for developing University inhibitors to control cellular metabolic activity.

FY2006 (Completed Research) Investigating the mechanisms of Elucidation of the significance of cellular metabolism in regulating stem phospholipids molecular species in cell functions biological membranes

Atsushi Hirao Hiroyuki Arai Professor, Kanazawa University Professor, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo Stem cells are defined as cells that have the ability to It is well known that phospholipids present in biological perpetuate through self-renewal, and develop into mature membranes consist of various molecular species with different cells of a particular tissue through differentiation. Appropriate fatty acyl chains. However, the physiological significance of controls of stem cell functions are critical for maintaining individual phospholipid and the molecular mechanisms of tissue homeostasis. It has been suggested that dysregulation their formation are not fully elucidated. In this project, by using of stem cell could lead to cell senescence or cancer. In this C. elegans genetics and mass spectrometry techniques, we project, we attempt to reveal the potential mechanisms of have successfully identified the enzymes for the formation of cellular metabolism in regulating the functions of stem cells or phospholipids molecular species and the membrane proteins cancer stem cells. This study made significant contributions requiring phospholipids with very long polyunsaturated fatty to the development of therapies for the human disease. acids for their functions. Using the identified molecules, we have also established methodology which reveal the functions of fatty acyl chains in membrane phospholipids.

Molecular basis of metabolic Development of mass spectrometry- regulation by nutrient signals in plants based analytical platform of small RNAs

Shuichi Yanagisawa Toshiaki Isobe Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University Plant nutrients are not only substrates for biosynthesis but Recent genetic and biochemical evidence reveals important also signaling molecules associated with regulation of gene regulatory roles of diverse types of small RNA and protein expression and metabolism. Plant nutrients from the complexes in various biological events. In this study, we have environment and their metabolites are deeply involved in the developed mass spectrometry-based technologies that offer complex network for regulation of growth and substance sensitive and efficient solutions to analysis of the sequence, production in plants. Comprehensive analysis of nutrient structure, modification and composition of small RNAs. signaling systems and metabolic regulation by nutrient signals Integration of these technologies with those of proteomics disclosed highly sophisticated mechanisms underlying provides an innovative tool for comprehensive analysis of substance production and paved the way to developing a functional networks of ribonucleoproteome in a cell. new methodology to control production of useful materials in plants.

36 The study of novel mechanism Mechanisms of regulation of cell governning the energy metabolism of functions maintaining glucose animals homeostasis

Yo-ichi Nabeshima Susumu Seino President, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Professor, Kobe University Foudation for Biomedical Research and Innovation The energy metabolism in animals is regulated by the Glucose metabolism is an essential bioreaction in the coordination of multistage events, i.e. intestinal uptake of maintenance of life in living organisms. Islet of Langerhans in nutrients, their metabolism in the body, and inter- and intra- pancreas (pancreatic islet) is the most important sub-organ in cellular signaling generated by those metabolites. Since beta- the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Loss of function of Klotho we had identified was estimated to be an important pancreatic islets causes severe disorders of glucose regulator of energy metabolism, we attempted to study the homeostasis such as diabetes mellitus. In this project, we molecular function of beta-Klotho and have expanded our aim to develop a basis for novel diagnoses and therapies for understanding of the energy metabolism. As energy metabolic disorders that include diabetes, as well as clarify metabolism forms the background of obesity, aging and the pathogenesis of these diseases. We plan comprehensive metabolic syndromes, our results may contribute to the metabolome analysis of islet cells to clarify the molecular development of clinical applications for these diseases. mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic islet functions. Metabolism

Metabolism-based Regulation of Elucidation of amino acid metabolism Organelle Homeostasis and Cell in plants based on integrated omics Function analyses

Yukio Fujiki Masami Yokota Hirai Professor, Faculty of Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Unit Leader, RIKEN Kyusyu University We have tackled the mechanisms underlying the homeostasis, A comprehensive metabolome analysis is essential for biogenesis and degradation, of peroxisome and metabolic complete elucidation of mechanisms regulating metabolism in disorders caused by dysregulation of peroxisome homeostasis. living cells. However, data-mining methodology for systematic Many delineations that we obtained include: 1) highly reduced extraction of such biological information is yet to be state in the cytoplasm of peroxisome-deficient cells, 2) a peroxisomal metabolite, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mediates established. In this project, we will develop such methodology peroxisomal elongation in peroxisome biogenesis, 3) regulation and establish novel mathematical models using both and transport mechanisms of ether phospholipids, metabolomic and other omics data as parameters. The Life Innovation plasmalogens, 4) mechanisms of autophagy of peroxosomes, models will also be verified by biological experiments. pexophagy, 5) a regulation mechanism of peroxisome biogenesis, 6) yeast methylotrophy and autophagy essential for yeast growing on plant leaves; pexophagy is required for host invasion by the plant pathogenic fungus. We also established the lipidome analysis method of cells including those from patients with peroxisome biogenesis disorders such as Zellweger syndrome.

Control of plant metabolic system by Genetic and biochemical study of engineering of vacuolar membrane stress responses mediated by proteins metabolites

Tetsuro Mimura Masayuki Miura Professor, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University Professor, The University of Tokyo

The vacuole is the largest organelle in plants cells and occupies We have received various stresses that include infection, most of the cell volume. Vacuoles are indispensable for maintaining injury and starvation during development, growth and aging. the homeostasis of the cellular environment and metabolic activity. Caspases are activated under various stress conditions and Communication between the vacuole and the rest of the cell occurs are thought to be critical stress sensing proteins. In this across the vacuolar membrane, in which is embedded a multitude of proteins, most of which are expected to be involved in transport of research, we will identify metabolites that activate caspases molecules into and from the vacuole. In the present study, we upon stress conditions and will study the stress responsible comprehensively analyzed metabolites and proteins in the vacuole metabolites that are produced from caspase activated cells and found possible new cellular functions of the vacuole. Further, by by biochemical and genetic approaches. Our research goal is transforming vacuolar membrane proteins, and analyzing the to provide a novel insight of in vivo response of stress and changes in metabolites both in the vacuole and in the cell, we found maintenance of homeostasis under stress conditions. candidates of transported substrates and changed the expression profiles of enzymes functioning in cellular metabolisms. The modification of the vacuolar membrane transporters may enable the new possibility for the production of useful materials.

FY2007 Analyses of mechanism underlying metabolism of iron and its prosthetic groups and iron-related disorders

Kazuhiro Iwai Professor, Kyoto University

Iron is essential nutrient, but it is also toxic to human. Therefore, deregulation of iron metabolism is known to provoke various disorders. Iron is often incorporated into iron- prosthetic groups such as heme and utilized in cells. We have recently shown that cells sense changes in iron availability through iron-prosthetic groups. Moreover, new roles iron plays in the pathogenesis of many disorders have revealed. In this project, we will try to develop new methods for diagnosis as well as treatment for iron-related disorders.

37 Establishment of FY2012 Deepening of the precise reaction field in solution plasma and Molecular Technology development of advanced carbon towards the Creation catalyst Nagahiro Saito of New Functions Professor, Nagoya University

In order to establish the precise synthesis field through solution plasma, we will construct a novel spectroanalysis method and identify the excited species and active species. In this reaction field, we synthesize novel carbon materials from aromatic compounds including hetero atoms such as nitrogen, boron, and phosphorus. These materials with tuned electric structure work as a catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction by tuning the electric structure. The catalyst will be realized as a cathode material for metal- air battery. Finally, we aim to establish the fundamental on solution plasma for molecular technology.

Molecular technologies for the discovery of novel functional natural product-like molecules

Hiroaki Suga Professor, The University of Tokyo

Some natural products generated from microorganisms show efficacies on the mechanisms of occurrence of human diseases, and thus provide precursors of drug development. Unfortunately, the discovery of such molecules relies on “the matter of luck” rather than a platform technology. We here conduct research to devise platform Research Supervisor: technologies that enable us to discover functional “natural product-like” molecules in a systematic manner. Such Hisashi Yamamoto molecular technologies can lead a paradigm shift from a “by chance” to “reliable” drug discovery process, which brings Professor, Chubu University about a new stream of innovation contributing to human /Emeritus professor, University of health. Chicago

Creation of quantum molecular spintronics based on single-molecule magnets by using molecular technology Masahiro Yamashita Professor, Tohoku University

Although classical magnets or bulk magnets composed of magnetic metals or transition metal oxides are currently used in electronics and spintronics, we propose to use single-molecule magnets, which are the new nano-magnets of the 21st century. Single-molecule magnets have the potential to show more interesting magnetic properties and functionalities compared with those of classical magnets because their properties can be manipulated by using molecular technology. Our goal is to realize the new research field "Quantum Molecular Spintronics Based on Single-Molecule Magnets" by using molecular technology.

Development for molecular technology with new class of nucleotide drug

Takanori Yokota Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University

In order to achieve “healthy and productive senescence” in rapidly aged society, we develop our new class nucleotide drug to overcome difficult disorders including Alzheimer disease by cross-sectoral approach of medicine, pharmacology and engineering in this project. Then, we hope to open a new horizon in drug- discovery with this cardinal molecular technology of Japan and make an international contribution by producing safe and orally intaken heroic drugs for these incurable diseases.

38 Molecular Technology Nanotechnology and Materials

39 Creation of FY2010 Development of innovative Creation of materials science for technologies using diamond advanced ferroelectrics of organic Innovative Functions electrodes for improving environment compounds of Intelligent Yasuaki Einaga Sachio Horiuchi Materials on the Professor, Keio University Team Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology This project aims to develop innovative Exclusion of toxic lead and rare metallic Basis of Element technologies using conductive diamond elements in ferroelectrics is still one of the electrodes as next generation functional most important issues of element materials for improving global strategy. This research team aims at Strategy environment. Our research continuously paradigm shift on ferroelectrics on the proceeds from studies on the basis of the molecular compounds of C, fundamentals of the functional interfaces H, O, and N elements, the ferroelectricity to the development of the devices such as electrochemical of which has been lately discovered by the team leader. sensors, wastewater treatment systems, and carbon dioxide Materials science for advanced ferroelectrics will be reduction systems. constructed by clarifying the microscopic/mesoscopic mechanisms of ferroelectricity specific to the molecular system, and by developing new materials and processes for improvement of the performance, endurance, and thin-film device fabrications.

FY2011 Exploring for new functional materials Creation of the functional materials on with unusual ionic states and the basis of the inter-element-fusion coordinations strategy

Yuichi Shimakawa Hiroshi Kitagawa Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyoto University

We are seeking new materials with new In this project, we will establish the inter- functional properties. New functional element-fusion science to create materials are strongly demanded for innovative functional materials where the electronic devices in future information immiscible metallic elements in the bulk technology. Also, science on new state are mixing at the atomic level using materials will give some solutions for the nanotechnology. We promote ambitious problems in energy- and environment- and challenging materials research with a related issues we face, and will develop our sustainable multidisciplinary integration of physics, chemistry, engineering, Research Supervisor: society. We are thus focusing on new materials containing and materials science. ubiquitous 3d transition metals. With characteristic synthesis Kohei Tamao techniques we will be able to make such new functional materials with unusual ionic states and coordinations. Director, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute

Development of new Fe-based Development of iron catalysts for magnetic materials by controlling advanced organic synthesis crystal structure

Satoshi Sugimoto Hideo Nagashima Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Kyushu University

We aim to develop new Fe-based Homogeneous catalysis using rare metal magnetic materials with high complexes plays an important role in fine magnetocrystalline anisotropy for saving chemical processes producing rare earth content in permanent magnets. pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and plastics. Now rare metals have faced To realize our objective, we study on the problems of shortage as the resource, possibility for controlling crystal structure high cost, and environmental issues in of materials by thin film technique, usage. Their replacement by common nanoparticle technology that uses substitutional or metals is a solution of this project pursuing, and iron is the interstitional elements and composites, and high pressure key element for us. The project is aimed at establishing synthesis. Phase equilibria in the systems are also clarified by design of the iron catalyst and developing the most suitable First-principles calculations and thermodynamic analyses. reaction media for iron catalysis, which are achieved by two concepts, ""ligand field control"" and ""reaction governed by the reaction media"". The final goal of this project is development of highly active and selective iron catalysts, which should be recoverable from the reaction mixture and reusable. These are accomplished by two scientific fields, science of the element and process chemistry.

Creation of new principles in the Development of novel electronic multi-scale design of steels based on materials utilizing light elements light element strategy

Tadashi Furuhara Tetsuya Hasegawa Professor, Tohoku University Professor, University of Tokyo

In this research project, the interactions of We develop novel electronic materials light elements, which can improve or without rare metals or toxic elements by degrade the properties of steels utilizing light elements, such as B, C, N significantly by a small addition, with and F, which would substantially modify nanostructures of iron are studied. By the crystal structures and band structures understanding the fundamental functions of solids. In order to accelerate the of alloying elements, we aim to create element substitution in a strategic new principles in the multi-scale design of high-strength and manner, we attain new functionalities which are not high ductility/toughness in steels with the minimum use of accessible by conventional materials. Our special focus is on rare-metals. In-free transparent conductors whose work functions and refractive indices are well controlled and Pb- or rare earth-free ferroelectric materials which respond to visible light.

40 Coercivity mechanism of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets

Kazuhiro Hono Fellow, National Institute for Materials Science

The microstructure-property relationships of Nd-Fe-B permanet magenets will be studied by multiscale structural analysis. Combining with ab-initio calculations and micromagnetic simulations, we will predict the ideal microstructure to achieve the highest coercivity. Based on these experimental and modeling results, we will develop high coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets without using Dy.

FY2012 Innovative applications to harness the novel functions of nanoscaled iron oxides of microbial origin

Jun Takada Professor, Okayama University

Iron-oxidizing bacteria ubiquitously produce extracellular, uniquely shaped microsheaths or ribbon-like, fibrous bundles primarily composed of iron oxides in natural hydrospheres. Although this biogenous iron oxide [BIOX] generally has been treated as waste, we assumed that they have undiscovered industry-worthy functions. In careful, rigorous studies, we discovered that the BIOX matrix has an amorphous state; an organic–inorganic hybrid state of primary particles (ca. 3 nm diameter); Fe, Si and P as major elements linked via oxygen; and extremely noteworthy, diverse, commercial functions (e.g., great potential as an anode for Li-ion batteries, high catalytic potential, high affinity to human cells), far surpassing those of artificial iron oxides. To fully harness these functions for broad industrial applications, this collaborative study encompasses material science, electrochemistry, catalytic chemistry, computational science, microbiology, biotechnology, with high hopes and expectations for developing this eco-friendly, nontoxic, low-cost, fascinating BIOX into beneficial materials for the next generation. Element Strategy

Theoretical design of materials with innovative functions based on relativistic electronic theory

Hiromi Nakai Professor, Waseda University

Relativistic effects are essential for theoretically treating heavy elements such Nanotechnology and Materials as rare metals. In this project, we will establish the relativistic quantum chemical methodology as a theoretical foundation. What follows, we will apply the method to catalytic activities, electromagnetic properties, electronic materials, biological photofunctions, and functional polymers, in order to clarify the characters of elements that play the primary roles and to design materials possessing innovative functions.

Application of air-stable organic radical to secondary batteries and photoelectric conversion materials

Yasushi Morita Associate Professor, Osaka University

In this research project, the novel molecules based on trioxotriangulene (TOT), an air-stable organic radical created by the research representative and co-workers, will be designed and synthesized, and their fundamental electronic properties will be revealed. As application of these novel molecules, "Next-generation rare- metal-free organic secondary batteries" and "full-spectrum harvesting hybrid solar cell" utilizing "Near-infrared light responsible photoelectric conversion thin film" will be developed. On the basis of these researches, establishment of new fundamentals for the next-generation organic electronic devices and the element strategy approach to solve the problem on resources and environment will be promoted.

41 Enhancing FY2008 Elucidation of elementary dynamics of Development of novel quantum photo-induced phase transition by manipulation and measurement Applications of using advanced ultrashort light pulses methods using ultranarrow-linewidth Innovative Optical lasers Shinichiro Iwai Yoshiro Takahashi Science and Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Kyoto University

Photo-induced phase transition is the most dramatic and We develop ultrastable lasers with the linewidths of a few Technologies by complicated phenomenon related to interaction between light Hertz and even sub-Hertz. Through the application of such and solid-phase materials. In this study, we attempt to lasers to laser-cooled two-electron atoms in an optical lattice, elucidate the primary dynamics of photo-induced phase we establish novel quantum manipulation and measurement Making Ultimate use transition using ultrashort pulses with a time scale of several technique for a single atom in an optical lattice by exploiting periods of the carrier oscillation of electric field of visible light an optical magnetic resonance imaging method as well as a (<10 fs), infrared (ca. 10 fs), and terahertz (ca. 1 ps) regions. novel quantum measurement scheme utilizing a spin- of Advanced Light Elementary dynamics of charge, spin, and lattice that are squeezing technique. With these innovations we will realize a driven by the light are clarified. Ultrafast control of the proto-type of optical lattice quantum computer and an optical electronic properties of the highly correlated system, which lattice clock with increased precision. Sources can be achieved using ultrashort light pulses, will indicate the directions of the development of new light sources.

Optical science of vector beams and Transportation of viral RNP in nucleus nano-imaging and manipulation of chromosome using optical tweezers: Challenge to remove viral gemome from host cell nucleus Shunichi Sato Ayae Honda Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Hosei University

Vector beams, which can be generated only by simultaneous After influenza virus infection, the viral genome RNA-viral RNA and precise control of polarization, phase and intensity polymerase-NP complex (vRNP) is transported into nucleus, distributions, are one of the state-of the-art laser beams. Our where transcription and replication of the viral genome takes goal is to exploit a new field of optical science by systematic place. Using the fluorescein-labelled virus, vRNP and the investigation of behavior of light around a focal region, where optical tweezers, we will perform: i) virus infection on to a innovative and functional features of the vector beams signle cell for monitoring single virus growth; ii) transportation dominantly manifest. In addition, the development of of vRNP in nucleus; and iii) measurement of the power for unprecedented super-resolution optical microscopy, which vRNP transportation. Our research will be extended for Research Supervisor: enables nano-imaging in the far field, is propelled by development of a novel laser forcept system to be used for performing interdisciplinary research with material and life manipulation of the chromosome and for removal of the viral Tadashi Itoh sciences. genome from infected cell nuclei. Professor / Vice Director, Institute for Nano Science and Design, Osaka University

FY2009 Development of coherent soft X-ray In vivo optical imaging and optical manipulation laser with high repetition rate and its by using a novel multiphoton microscopy with new application to photoemission advanced ultrashort light pulses and their science application for cancer research and medicine Shik Shin Takeshi Imamura Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Ehime University

The advent of fiber laser will make new solid state science in In order to establish an innovative “in vivo” optical imaging, soft X-ray region that can not be studied by the conventional we will develop a novel non-linear optical microscopy by laser. We will develop new materials science by laser combining with adaptive optics and advanced light sources photoemission with ultra-high energy resolution, ultra-fast including an optical parametric oscillator, a supercontinuum time resolution, and ultra-high space resolution. light source and a small size femtosecond mode-locked laser source. The multiphoton microscopy will enable real-time image of multiple events in cancer cells and their microenvironment, and our research will facilitate development of novel light sources.

Ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy Optical nano-imaging using nano- using VUV and deep UV filamentation optical source excited by focused light sources electron beam

Toshinori Suzuki Yoshimasa Kawata Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Shizuoka University

Ultrafast electron dynamics in chemical reaction is The objective of this research is to develop ultra-high invesitgated by time-resolved photoelectron imaging resolution optical microscope which has ten nanometer spectroscopy using a novel VUV and deep UV filamentation spatial resolution laterally and can be observed dynamic light source, Experimental resilts are compared with ab initio behaviors of specimens under various circumstances. The molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate reaction microscope integrates the advantages of optical and electron mechanism of complex molecular systems. microscopes, and contributes to science innovation.

42 FY2010 Development of the frontier of Coherent control in the condesed nonequilibrium materials leaded by phase with attosecond precision optical science

Shin-ya Koshihara Kenji Ohmori Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor and Chairman, National Institutes of Natural Sciences Development of techniques for probing the lattice-electronic Coherent control is a technique that controls matter waves combined structural dynamics in nano-scale is essential to with light. We will develop a novel quantum simulator where open new frontier of materials science. These technologies our spatiotemporal coherent control with picometer and will realize new class of materials which shows highly sensitive attosecond precision is combined with an ensemble of photo-induced phase switching. Especially, dynamical X-ray ultracold atoms or molecules trapped in an optical lattice. structural science combined with domain observation by Methodology for observing and controlling many-body time-resolved PEEM will be powerful tool for promoting this quantum systems obtained with this simulator will be applied new research field. We develop new light source for these to bulk solids to realize coherent control in the condensed probing technologies and an appearance of new field of phase. materials science which can be named as 'nonequilibrium material science under critical condition', beyond the hitherto structural science.

Toward the realization of monocycle Material control by topological light- entangled photons for novel nonlinear waves with total angular momentum quantum optics

Shigeki Takeuchi Takashige Omatsu Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Chiba University

Photons entangled on timescales of one period of the light Topological light-waves, showing a total angular momentum field oscillation represent the ultimate limit of quantum defined as the vector sum of the orbital and spin angular correlations in time and frequency. In this project, we aim to momenta, provide a new quantum-mechanical scope for generate such monocycle entangled photons by developing optics, and they can also lead to important new applications sophisticated quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical devices. including the nano-scale processing of materials such as This optimization of the spectral and temporal features of light micro-needle fabrication. We are aiming to open novel enables us to explore new aspects of optical nonlinearities at photonic science fields and create new optical technologies the quantum level, e.g. enhanced two photon absorption by utilizing the topological light-waves produced by ultra- and related non-linear two photon interactions, or ultra- high-power laser technology and extreme nonlinear optics. sensitive measurements in quantum metrology. Advanced Light Sources

Advanced terahertz spectroscopy Study of the imaging and photo- with high-power terahertz light source activation of cellular systems, and and its application to materials mechanism of photo-damage and science uncaging of caged molecules Koichiro Tanaka Takayoshi Kobayashi Professor, Kyoto University Professor, The University of Electro-Communications

We will develop a tunable high-power terahertz light source Two laser systems are to be developed. whose peak electric field is comparable to that inside the ①Multi-color lasers with high stability, high spatial and Nanotechnology and Materials active semiconductor device and try to establish a novel non- frequency and temporal coherence with minimum satellite. linear terahertz spectroscopy for solid, liquid, and biological ②Three different deep ultraviolet-near ultraviolet pulse lasers materials. We will visualize terahertz coherent transients in with most suited properties to the ultrafast spectroscopy mesoscopic structures with real-time near-field terahertz Using laser systems ①, interactions among many proteins microscope and semiconductor quantum structures using and signal molecules are spatially and temporally resolved. high-power terahertz light source. These advanced terahertz Furthermore physiological processes are triggered by technologies will open new aspects in solid state physics stimulation with the multicolor pulses with simultaneous such as nonperturbative nonlinear optical processes. observation of the process Using laser systems ②,the mechanisms of photo-damaging processes of biomolecules and biopolymers and uncaging processes of caged molecules are to be established. By these methods new methodologies of understanding the mechanisms of cancer, memory, immune, and photo- damage are to be established.

Development of ultrafast atomic-scale Development and applications of imaging device using laser-plasma- scanning/transmission X-ray driven single electron bunch microscopy with coherent X-rays

Tomonao Hosokai Kazuto Yamauchi Associate Professor, Osaka University Professor, Osaka University

We are going to develop a single-shot electron imaging We develop an adaptive optical focusing system that allows device with the femtosecond temporal and the atomic-scale synchrotron radiation X-rays to be utilized without loss of spatial resolutions, which enables us to observe ultra-fast coherence and flux, and applied it to the construction of a transient phenomena in condensed matter. microscope system. In this system, the size of an X-ray beam In order to establish a high-performance ultra-short-pulse can be varied from microscale to nanoscale by controlling its electron source for the imaging device, we shall elaborate a wavefront. We incorporate this focusing method into a laser-plasma-driven electron injector, called the Laser Virtual scanning/transmission X-ray microscope system that enables Cathode (LVC) and based on the laser plasma electron the simultaneous visualization of electron density, elements acceleration, as well as the photo-controlled RF cavity and chemical bonding states. techniques. In addition, we will expand the pulsed-power- driven electro-magnetic optics as the key component of the imaging system, which must be synchronized with the laser- driven electron pulses from the LVC.

43 Creation of FY2008 Highly functional nano system Development of electronics on self- Nanosystems with fabricated by bio frontier process organized graphite sheets Novel Function Yukiharu Uraoka Hiroshi Fujioka through Process Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Professor, The University of Tokyo

Bio supramolecule has fascinating features such as size We will develop electronics using the state of the art top- Integration uniformity or self-assembling ability. Various kinds of self- down nano-technology on bottom-up self-organized low-cost assembled supramolecules designed based on the DNA graphite sheets with atomically flat surfaces that posses information are fabricated on semiconductor substrates one various advantages such as high thermal conductivity, high to three dimensionally to develop new functionality. New electrical conductivity, and flexibility. We will fabricate new functional devices such as switch, memory, bio sensor and functional semiconductor device system by the combination MEMS sensors will be proposed based on the new concept of high intensity LEDs, high speed electron devices, and high as well as complete understanding of self-assembling efficiency solar cells with this technique. process of new materials.

Biomedical nano-system using ion- Biotransistors with bio-functional imaging sensors technology nano-structured gates

Kazuaki Sawada Yuji Miyahara Professor, Toyohashi University of Technology Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University

Frontier research on biological cell/electronics integrated Electrostatic interaction between electrons and biomolecules devices, in which biological elements (cells and neurons) and is investigated using biotransistors with biofunctional gate electronic circuits (VLSI) are integrated, is proposed by using structure. By controlling interfaces among biomaterials, Ion image sensors technology. By combining neurons and organic molecules and semiconductor devices, biomolecular Ion image sensors, we can realize devices that have a recognition and cell function are detected without labeling learning capability (flexible functions) and electronic devices materials and non-invasively. Interdisciplinary field between with integrated parts having biological functions. biotechnology and electronics will be explored and developed Research Supervisor: through investigation on principles of biotransistors. Jun'ichi Sone Vice President, National Institute for Materials Science

FY2009 Electrochemistry-based biohybrid Development of optoneuroelectronics devices device and its function and applications

Matsuhiko Nishizawa Tsuneo Urisu Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Nagoya University

The interface between biomolecules and device materials is We have succeeded in the development of incubation type one of the most important subject for both in-vitro and in-vivo ionchannel biosensor, which can measure precisely the biodevices. We are planning to study the potential use of ionchannel currents passing through the post synaptic microelectrode techniques as powerful tool for controlling membrane. In this research, we are going to form the neural bionic interfaces: special control of cell adhesion / growth; network in the ionchannel biosensor and measure the immobilization of proteins within a microfluidic device just memory and learning function of the network by inducing the prior to analysis; in-situ microcircuit formation with conducting action potential using laser irradiations. Furthermore, we are polymers during cell cultivation. These electrochemical going to make the device multichannel type by using the top techniques will be applied to develop novel biohybrid devices level nanofabrication technique, and develop the high through including enzymatic biofuel cells. put screening device, which is useful for the analysis and drag discovery with the neurodegenerative diseases and also for unveiling of the higher order function of brain.

Functional Integrated CNT Flexible Creation of novel functional devices Nano MEMS Devices Fabricated by exploiting peculiarity of extended- Self-Assembling Processes nano space

Kenji Hata Takehiko Kitamori Team Leader, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Professor, The University of Tokyo

We would develop the fundamental fabrication process of The extended nano, 10–1000nm space is a unique space nanotube devices and integration techniques with different composed of only interfacial field. Our research group has materials to realize a CNT-MEMS industy in the future.We found that unique properties appear on fluid characteristics would combine the bottom-up and top-down techniques to and chemistry there, and demonstrated that those properties self-assemble the nanotubes to realize CNT-MEMS devices could open new horizon of micro/nano science and with controlled shape and position, and designed functions. technology. This research aims to create novel device engineering exploiting the unique properties of the extended nano space, and realize new functional nano devices contributing to chemical, biological and energy fields.

44 FY2010 Control of quantum effect in 3D Nano Generation of nanointegration of heat, Structure to Develop New Functions electricity and motion by spin current Using Bio-template and Ultimate Top-down Etching Seiji Samukawa Eiji Saitoh Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Tohoku University

By combination of damage-free neutral beam etching and By fusing spintronics and nanomachining technique, we dense spherical bio-molecule template, we will develop establish a new system of technology realizing quantum- super-high efficiency quantum-dot laser and quantum-dot mechanical conversion in between electricity, heat and solar cell. Additionally, through studying the carrier transport motion. It has been made clear that in nanoscale various in the 2-dimensional array of silicon and compound interactions between electron and nuclear exist via "spin semiconductor, we will prove the quantum dot size effect, current", flow of rotation of electron. By fusing these miniband formation, and multiple exiton generation and then interactions in nanoscale, electric generation, driving of establish the method to control the quantum structure. motion and heat energy conversion based on the principle of quantum mechanics is realized.

Large-area nano-systems for Digital counting systems for biological applications to interfaces assay

Takao Someya Hiroyuki Noji Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The Univeristy of Tokyo

By improving substantially the controllability of molecular self- This project aims to develop novel Microsystems for counting assembly and printing, I and my research team will establish biomolecules and virus at single-molecule or single-particle a new scheme, which we refer to as “nanoprinting”, to level, based on our original techniques; femtoliter chamber introduce nanofunctions in meter-scale large-area systems. array systems and ultra high speed imaging of Brownian And thus by integrating various nanofunctions on a plastic particles. The Microsystems are directly coupled with CMOS film, we will realize a novel sheet-type nano-system. This is a imaging sensor chips to develop portable and cheap clinical research challenge to show its feasibility as a machine assay systems. It would allow us, for example, the detection interface that assists people by covering the surfaces of of disease marker molecule in very early stage and the objects—ideally. prevention of pandemic virus. Nanosystems

Development of novel nanosystems Electrochromic Color-E-Paper by hierarchically assembling concentrated polymer brushes

Yoshinobu Tsujii Masayoshi Higuchi Professor, Kyoto University Group Leader, National Institute for Materials Science

We succeeded in preparing a new type of polymer To achieve the next generation display that contributes to assemblies, a concentrated polymer brush, with novel energy conservation and the saving resource, we create Nanotechnology and Materials structure and properties. This project aims at fabricating new/ reformative, electrochromic materials in which RGB and novel nanosystems by hierarchically assembling such brush colorlessness are expressible and develop color electronic structure and then at developing new devices such as a all- paper with them. We also reveal electronic and optical solid lithium-ion microbattery and a non-invasive/wearable properties of organic-metallic hybrid polymers, a new series sensor monitoring tear glucose. of electrochromic materials. Our research continuously proceeds from studies on the untrodden science area to the device fabrication based on “process integration”.

Cell and tissue showcasing by micro- Development of metallo-processes for nano integrated devices novel nanometals

Teruo Fujii Kimihisa Yamamoto Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

A system to showcase the behaviors of cells and tissues is Our project aims at the development of metallo-processes for realized by introducing artificial bio-surfaces into a microfluidic novel nano-metals that the number and the composition of device. The microenvironment surrounding the cells and metal atoms freely and precisely were controlled, by using our tissues, which is defined by the conditions of solutions and original method of the finely controlled metal-assembly. contacting surfaces, is controlled in an integrative way in the system. The system will be applied to the studies on the effect of microenvironments on the processes of differentiation of ES and iPS cells, leading to the realization of micro-nano integrated devices relevant to such scientific and diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

45 Development of FY2008 Development of biomolecular Design of highly functionalized nano- nanosystem for integration of the materials by hierarchical three- High-Performance information, structure, and dimensional control of structures and Nanostructures for functionality morphologies Hiroshi Sugiyama Noritaka Mizuno Process Integration Professor, Kyoto University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Various DNA nanoscale structures can be designed and In this work, highly functionalized nano-materials with arranged by programming of the DNA sequences. Using this controlled pre sizes and volumes were synthesized by the unique property, we will place a wide variety of molecules and self-organization of polyoxometalate-based compounds materials into the individual position called address, precisely designed at atomic/molecular levels. In addition, the self- arrange them onto the DNA structures, and explore the novel organization processes were kinetically controlled to consider functionalities expressed in the nano-scale space on the not only the crystal structures but also the external versatile nanostructures. We will develop the advanced and morphologies of the materials. The application of the materials integrated biomolecular devices by utilizing these fundamental such as catalysts, adsorbents, hydrogen storage, electrodes, techniques, and combine them to the top-down and infrared blockers were also attempted. nanotechnology.

FY2009 Design of high performance Dynamic interfacial nanotechnology nanosystems using soluble carbon for integration between nano and nanotubes macroscopic worlds

Naotoshi Nakashima Katsuhiko Ariga Professor, Kyushu University Principal Investigator, National Institute for Materials Science

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been in the forefront of This project will develop a novel technology, so called nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their dynamic interfacial nanotechnology or hand-operating remarkable properties and specific functions. We have nanotechnology, in which functional nano and molecular presented a novel concept to obtain soluble CNTs. In this systems can be operated by macroscopic stimuli. With this project, we design and create novel CNT nanohybrids using dream technology, we can catch, align, recognize, and soluble nanotubes as materials based on the regulation of release target molecules and/or nanomaterials by our hands, CNT nanostructures as well as the combination of bottom-up leading to innovative technologies such as size-integrated and top-down processes. We will also shed light on unknown sensing, drug delivery, and material separation. Research Supervisor: basic CNT electronic properties. Masahiro Irie Professor, Rikkyo University

Construction of dynamic nano- Highly functional catalysts based on aggregates and their bio-relevant acid-base combined supramolecular functions and dynamic complexation

Itaru Hamachi Kazuaki Ishihara Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Nagoya University

We challenge to construct novel danamic nano-aggregates It is one of the most important subjects on synthetic organic that can detect a target in the interior of live cells or can chemistry to develop practical chemozymes bearing regluate and monitor the cell functions from the exterior, by enzymatic functions such as remote asymmetric induction, supramolecular chemistry, organic synthesis and MEMS stereocontrol of cascade reactions, a high level of molecular technology. These nano-aggegates and materials are recognition, etc. which are hard to be controlled by expected to be applicable to bio-imaging, diagnosis, and new unimolecule catalysts. We develop highly functional 3D-intelligent cell matrices, that should be fundamental to chemoenzymes which are superior to natural enzymes and advanced medical chemistry and engineering. establish to their efficient preparation methods towards an environmentally benign and precision organic synthetic technology. The key to introduce a versatile functionality into chemoenzymes is to design supramolecular dynamic salt catalysts based on acid-base combination chemistry.

Dynamics and functionalization of Exploration of higher-order self-organized supramolecular functionality based on the dynamic polymers self-assembly of boronic esters

Akira Harada Nobuharu Iwasawa Professor, Osaka University Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

We are going to construct various supramolecular polymers In this research, we will aim to achieve 1) establishment of the by self-organization using host-guest interactions. We are guest induced dynamic self-assembly of boronic esters and going to use cyclodextrins, photo-responsive proteins, and of the bottom-up synthesis of boronic ester conjugates antibodies (immunoglobulins) as host molecules, and photo- utilizing their characteristic properties, 2) realization of various responsive molecules, redox-resposive compounds as guest dynamic function on the molecular level, in particular, molecules. We are planning to devise a system in which a molecular catalysis, separation and storage of molecules, etc, molecular part slides each other to cause contraction and and 3) development of these molecular function into useful extension. Furthermore, we are going to make materials. supramolecular catalytic systems, energy-conversion systems, supramolecular sensor and transport systems.

46 Nanoscale chiral molecular rods for Electronic functions of radical-nano hieralchical integration and assembly interfaces of functions

Michinori Suginome Kunio Awaga Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Nagoya University

Exploration of new functional materials are pursued on the The present project elucidates radical-nano interfaces basis of fine integration and assembly of functional groups on between open-shell compounds and electrodes. Using the chiral helical macromolecules, which can be regarded as effective charge separation at these interfaces, we develop nanoscale chiral molecular rods. The molecular rods, to highly-efficient, ultrafast optoelectronic conversion. We also which a variety of functional groups that manage catalysis, apply the radical-nano interfaces to solid-state chiral induction, light emission, cross-linking, hydrogen- electrochemistry, aiming at high energy-density, molecule- bonding, coordination, etc. are introduced, are further based rechargeable batteries. assembled by virtue of their simple rod shape, leading to new functions on the basis of hierarchical integration of the functional groups. New chiral polymer catalysts and chiral separation membrane are included in our initial targets to realize.

Creating nano-scale multimetallic Bottom-up synthesis of innovative cluster catalysts for novel chemical functional nanomaterials based on transformation magnetochemistry

Kazushi Mashima Shin-ichi Ohkoshi Professor, Osaka University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Aiming at environmentally benign reactions by catalysis high To realize new functional magnetic materials and to develop efficiency and unique selectivity, this project is focused to innovative magnetic devices, this project, which is based on create new nano-scale metal cluster catalysts comprised of magnetochemistry, investigates the bottom-up synthesis of more than two metal centers of non-expensive transition functional nanomaterials. Specifically, we will demonstrate metals such as early transition metals and the first row next-generation high-density memories and electromagnetic transition metals. Such cluster catalysts are expected to wave absorbers using metal oxide-based nanomagnets. assist new reactions with different chemical transformation Moreover, to discover new phenomena due to the coupling from ordinal mononuclear catalysts of mainly noble metals, effect between magnetism and ion conductivity (and/or changing cemoseletivity, enhancing reaction rate, and so on. photon), we will prepare a novel type of metal complex-based magnet by controlling the crystal structure and its dimensionalities. Through such investigations, we will elucidate the relationship between magnetic properties and molecular structure (or nanostructure). Nanostructures

New nano-hybrid materials fabricated Creation and development of high- from nanosheets performance soft π materials

Yasumichi Matsumoto Shigehiro Yamaguchi Professor, Kumamoto University Professor, Nagoya University

Single crystal inorganic nanosheets with about 1nm thickness We aim at creating a new class of functional π materials as are promising and prospective materials, because they have key components for future electronics with high efficiency in Nanotechnology and Materials quantum size effect, special interface, high charge separation the energy conversion and low energy consumption. Our effect of electron and hole as well as the unique chemical and approach is based on the development of sophisticated physical properties themselves. In this project, various new 2D-expanded π-conjugated skeletons and their clustering. nano-hybrid materials such as hybrid layered materials, will We will tackle this subject by rational molecular designs be fabricated by combining various nanosheets and based on quantum chemical calculations and competent functional chemical species, DNA, etc., and their chemical synthesis including the development of our original reactions. and physical properties will be studied. They will be also Through the construction of flexible nanostructures with researched from the viewpoint of application. unusual photo- and electronic properties, dynamic functions, high-performance amorphous phase, or fluid condensed phase, we will establish the design principle for this class of soft materials.

FY2010 Development of high-performance Creation of hoop-shaped π-conjugated fast photochromic materials molecules through the supramolecular chemical approach and elucidation of their properties Jiro Abe Shigeru Yamago Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University Professor, Kyoto University

Considerable interest has been focused on organic Synthesis of hoop-shaped π-conjugated molecules as photochromic materials that change their color upon exemplified in cycloparaphenylenes, which possess simplest irradiation with light; the photogenerated species can be structural unit of arm-chair carbon nanotube, will be reversed to the initial species either by thermally or by investigated through the supramolecular chemical approach. subsequent irradiation with a specific wavelength of light. In Applications of these molecules to organoelectronic device particular, thermally reversible photochromic molecules offer materials and elucidation of their functions by forming higher- the opportunity to change and reset the molecular properties order structures will be also studied. We will develop the by simply turning a light source on and off. In this project, we science and technology of hoop-shaped π-conjugated design and create high-performance fast photochromic molecules through this study. materials which could eventually evolve into solid-state photonic materials with unique photoresponsive characters.

47 Research of FY2007 Research of functional-oxides and Study on resist materials for development of interface-phase- nanofabrication and development of Innovative Material change switching devices process simulator and Process for Hiroyuki Akinaga Seiichi Tagawa Creation of Next- Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science Specially Appointed Professor, Osaka University and Technology (AIST) Electronic states and the strongly Ionizing radiation (EUV, EB etc) is a key generation correlated phase transition of metal / technology for future nanofabrication insulating-oxide interfaces will be studied because it can deposit their energy on to construct a physical and technological nanoscale region without any difficulty. Electronics Devices framework toward functional oxide Our purpose is the establishment of electronics. As the concrete scientific foundation for the application of representative, we aim at the ionizing radiation to nanofabrication on development of non-volatile switching devices by using these industrial scale. We clarify reaction mechanisms induced in interfaces. resist materials for nanofabrication by ionizing radiation. The knowledge on reaction mechanisms are applied to resist and process designs. We develop a process simulator based on reaction mechanisms.

Development of graphene-on-silicon Three-dimensional carbon active material/device technologies interconnects for LSI

Taiichi Otsuji Mizuhisa Nihei Professor, Tohoku University Fujitsu Limited

We develop our original "graphene-on- This research project focused on the silicon" (GOS) materials/process development of graphene interconnect technology. Based on it, furthermore, technologies to solve reliability and advanced complementary switching performance issues of LSI interconnects. devices (CGOS) and the plasmon- We succeeded in growing multi-layer resonant terahertz devices (PRGOS) will graphene, by using our original be developed. This research will lead to photoemission-assisted plasma- the realization of innovative carrier-transit-time-free, ultrafast, enhanced CVD method, on dielectrics without metal catalyst Research Supervisor: large-scale-integrated device technology. films. (Research term:1 Oct. 2007-31 Mar. 2010) Hisatsune Watanabe President & CEO, Semiconductor Leading Edge Technologies, Inc.

FY2008 Development of nonlinear optical Research and development of vertical crystal for vacuum UV laser body channel MOSFET and its integration process

Takatomo Sasaki Tetsuo Endoh Specially Appointed Professor, Osaka University Professor, Tohoku University

The purpose of this project is to develop The device technology of a vrtical body nonlinear optical crystal for generating channel MOSFET with a new concept VUV light at the wavelength below 180 that assumes the entire body area of the nm in order to realize high-resolution device to be its current drive area is mask and wafer inspection system. We developed. The circuit technology and will try to reveal the mechanism of UV material/process technology for the laser-induced damage in nonlinear optical vertical body channel MOSFET are crystal, and to establish the shorter-wavelength and longer- developed. lifetime VUV sources. It aims to offer a new universal technological platform for semiconductor LSI to improve the driving current characteristic, the leak current characteristic, and the integration density in comparison with conventional planar type MOSFET.

Spin-based functional mosfet devices Development of ultra-fine structure using half-metallic ferromagnet metrology system using coherent EUV source

Satoshi Sugahara Hiroo Kinoshita Associate Professor, Tokyo Institue of Technology Professor, University of Hyogo

In order to establish a new class of silicon A new metrology system has been integrated electronics employing spin developed that is based on X-ray degrees of freedom, we develop diffraction microscopy in the EUV region MOSFET-based functional spin- and is capable of measuring CD value transistors using a half-metallic and inspecting pattern defects with a high ferromagnet (HMF) for the source/drain accuracy. The integration of a coherent (referred to as spin-MOSFETs), and hybrid EUV source employing a high-harmonic devices using a MOSFET and magnetic tunnel junction with laser system and EUV scatterometric microscopy has HMF electrodes (referred to as pseudo-spin-MOSFETs). enabled the construction of a practical system for CD Novel CMOS logic architectures based on these functional measurement and the inspection pattern defects with devices, such as nonvolatile logic and reconfigurable logic, subnanometer accuracy. are also explored.

48 Understanding and control of solid- Design and study of graphite devices Development of integrated simulators state interfaces for Ge-CMOS with based on computational science from atomistic theory to compact high-k gate dielectric film model

Akira Toriumi Susumu Okada Nobuya Mori Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba Associate Professor, Osaka University

Ge-based devices with high electron and Ever increasing effort has been put into We develop integrated simulators for hole mobilities are expected for the next developing graphite-based devices. There next-generation MOS transistors. The generation CMOS which will enable us to remains, however, much to be elucidated transport model is based on the newly achieve high driving performance with a about fundamental properties of graphite developed R-matrix quantum-transport low voltage operation. It is, however, well and about controlling of device properties. theory, which greatly saves the known that Ge interfaces with dielectric In this project, we unravel fundamental computational time. The simulators allow films or metals are thermally or electrically properties of graphene, graphite, and us to find the optimal solution from an unstable, so it is strongly demanded to control them based other nanostructures of graphene derivatives, and address enormous number of options in choosing materials, device on the understanding of inherent origins behind them. This practical principles for designing the novel graphite-devices structures, and circuit design. research program is to elaborately study those interfaces and based on the computational material science on the quantum to develop revolutionary methods for designing high-quality physics. interfaces.

Development of novel materials and Development of local evaluation Development of metal/oxide hybrid functions based on numerical method for the mechanical strength of devices by novel deposition simulations high density multi-layer wiring and processes three dimensional stacking structures Sadamichi Maekawa Shoji Kamiya Shinji Yuasa Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) In the next-generation nano-electronics, Reliability of integrated semiconductor We develop novel deposition processes not only electric charge current but spin devices has been an issue of serious by optimizing basic materials and and heat currents are expected to be importance, since their mechanical deposition techniques in order to realize utilized. Our aim of research is to characteristics are not clear enough while metal/oxide hybrid devices having non- develope the general equations of charge, further densification is going with multi- volatile switching functionality. spin and heat currents in nano-devices, layer wiring and three dimensional to perform numerical simulations of the stacking structures. Guidelines for long- whole nano-devices based on the microscopic equations, term reliability design will be worked out in this study by and to clarify the interaction and conversion processes developing submicron-scale local evaluation mehotds for the among the currents. Based on these studies, we develope mechanical strength of high density wiring and three novel materials and functions in the next-generation nano- dimensional LSI. electronics. Next-generation Devices

Research and development on Development of ultra-high speed nano process science and CD control in spin devices using a three- high-throughput nanoimprint dimensional injection technique of charge-less spin currents Shinji Matsui Takashi Kimura Professor, University of Hyogo Professor, Kyushu University

There are serious issues in the high- We develop a three-dimensional injection throughput, mold release and CD control technique of charge-less spin currents, a Nanotechnology and Materials to apply nanoimprint to the manufacturing high-speed modulation technique of spin- of integrated circuit. To solve the above current directions, and an efficient problems, we develop the new processes generation technique of spin currents and materials through the scientific using high quality Heusler alloy. Finally, elucidation to achieve the practical we realize ultra-high-speed nano spin nanoimprint lithography. devices with very low power consumption and excellent thermal disturbance tolerance.

FY2009 Development of guiding principles for Development of the three-terminal controlling fluctuations in nonvolatile device 'Atom Transistor' nanoelectronic devices through the picosecond-scope physical analyses Kenji Ohmori Tsuyoshi Hasegawa Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba Principal Investigator, National Institute for Materials Science

In nanoelectronic devices, time and space Three-terminal nonvolatile device 'Atom are reduced to the point where Transistor', where the source and drain fundamental events such as carrier electrodes are electrically connected by scattering become statistical in nature. metal atoms (ions) supplied from the gate This research project is focused on electrode to achieve high ON/OFF ratio, understanding fluctuations in carrier will be developed. New functional devices transport in nanoelectronic devices, and based on Atom Transistor will be also thus developing guiding principles for reducing fluctuations in developed. time and space under non-stationary and non-equilibrium conditions.

49 Development of the FY2006 (Completed Research) Creation of functional organosilica Catalyst design of gold clusters hybrid materials with highly ordered through junction effect with metal Foundation for nano-structure oxides, carbons, and polymers Nano-Interface Shinji Inagaki Masatake Haruta Technology Principal Researcher, Toyota Central R&D labs., Inc. Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University

This research aimed to develop new functions in periodic Although gold is chemically inert, its reactivity dramatically mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs), which were originally changes when it becomes smaller than 2 nm in diameter discovered by the principal investigator in 1999, in order to being composed of less than 300 atoms. These gold clusters advance organic chemistry from conventional homogeneous could be deposited on a variety of support materials including system to more practical solid-state system. We have base metal oxides, carbons having different nano-structures, synthesized a variety of new PMOs with various organic and polymers as soft materials in order to create the catalytic functionalities such as light-harvesting, hole-conductivity, performance in a much wider scope. Some challenging strong emission, adsorption, and catalysis. Furthermore, reactions have been developped, for example, propylene novel solid-state molecular photocatalytic systems and epoxidation with molecular oxygen alone and cinnamylalcohol organic thin film solar cells were developed by synchronization syntehsis by the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. of the PMO framework functionalities and optically active species incorporated within the mesochannels.

FY2007 Ultra-high brilliant synchrotron Spin-polarized electric current radiation analisys and control station induced by giant Rashba effect for functional interfaces

Masaharu Oshima Tetsuya Aruga Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kyoto University

In order to develop nano devices utilizing novel nano interface The researchers have recently found a giant Rashba effect, structures, we have developed an ultra-high brilliant which surpassed the previous record by nearly an order of synchrotron radiation analysis and control station with the magnitude. The effect will enable us to control the motion of world highest resolution at theUniversity of Tokyo Outstation interface electrons according to their spin states without in SPring-8. We have achieved especially 1) 70 nm lateral external magnetic field or magnets. In this research program, resolution 3-dimensional profile analysis applied to LSI, we develop novel means to generate electric current with a graphene FET and ReRAM, and 2) 50 meV energy resolution specified spin state and to distinguish spin states of electrons. soft X-ray emission spectroscopy applied to "operando" Research Supervisor: analysis of fuel cells and Li ion batteries as collaborative Seiji Shinkai research with materials scientists. Professor, Sojo University / Professor Emeritus, Kyushu University

Interfacial device physics for oxide- Integration of self-assembly strategies and organic-electronics for the construction of smart nanointerfaces

Masashi Kawasaki Nobuo Kimizuka Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kyushu University

The aim of this research was to explore the device This project aims to develop new molecular self-assembly functionalities of nano-scale interfaces created in metal oxides and self-organization techniques to engineer new functional heterostructures, and their interface with organic materials. A exploitable materials with varied nano-interface architectures. major achievement has been the observation of the fractional Fabrication of nano-interface architectures by interdisciplinary quantum Hall effect in ZnO-based polar oxide molecular self-assembly is a key feature of the project, and heterostructures which exhibit extremely high electron their components are widely selected from organic, inorganic, mobility, comparable to that of GaAs. Beyond such oxide metal complexes to biomolecules. It will provide a new heterostructures, we have been successful in the combination platform for designing molecular-system memories, nano- of an organic electrolyte and insulating oxides to form an dielectrics, surface sensors and bio-nanodevices. electronic double-layer transistor, which thus enables the application of high enough electric fields to induce exotic phenomena such as superconductivity and ferromagnetism.

Creation of the metal-organic hybrid Novel physics and device applications protonics and functional nano-layer of nanogap electrode/quantum integrated system nanostructure junctions

Hiroshi Kitagawa Kazuhiko Hirakawa Professor, Kyoto University Professor, The University of Tokyo

In this project, we aimed to establish the metal-organic hybrid Electrical manipulation and read-out of quantum mechanical protonics, and to create functional nano-layer integrated states in single quantum nanostructures by nanogap metallic system, where the energy conversions could be easily electrodes is expected to bring about great innovations in ICT operated. As a result, we succeeded in fabrication of various devices. In this project, we will establish technologies of functional devices such as superprotonic conductors, accessing to single molecules, quantum dots, and graphene nanotube with selective gas adsorption functions, and sheets by nanogap metallic electrodes and explore device electrode catalyst etc. based on the coordination polymers. applications of novel physics manifested in such nanogap To integrate these functions, we also established the junctions. fabrication of perfect crystalline-oriented coordination-polymer nanofilms, and confirmed their crystal structures. Moreover, we clarified the dynamics of protons in the proton-conductive coordination polymers.

50 Self-assembled discrete Foundation of the nano-interface nanointerfaces technology by the surface forces measurement

Makoto Fujita Kazue Kurihara Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tohoku University

The present research utilizes self-assembled MnL2n spherical The aim of this project is to create the novel nano-interface complexes, which are prepared by our own methodology. science and technology for designing functional nano- On the interior and exterior surfaces of the spherical materials and devices for the next generation technology. complexes, we will develop the chemistry of discrete nano- The main tools are our original “twin-path surface forces exo- and endo-surfaces, and discrete nano-spaces to create apparatus” and “resonance shear measurement”, which will new molecular- based materials possessing useful functions. be further developed by combining them with other spectroscopic methods. We consider even liquids at the interface as functional molecules. Subjects studied will include: (1) characterization of functional interfaces such as metals, (2) confined liquids and photoreactions in a confined space, (3) self-assembled formation and regulation of hierarchical structures at the interface.

Design of multidimensionally Manipulation of nano interface of biological interfaces through drug-delivery system and its manipulating molecular mobility application to vaccine for bird flu

Nobuhiko Yui Kazuo Sakurai Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, Kitakyushu University

In order to achieve the design of ideal interfaces between The function of nanoparticles employed to drug delivery implantable medical devices and living bodies, we will system is mainly governed by interactions through examine to manipulate the molecular mobility of materials via hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface. Throughout this project, intermolecular forces at nano-meter scales and then design we are planning to explore nanostructure of the particles and multidimentionally biological interfaces. Finally, our approach how the drugs are trapped in the interface in the particles by enables to design biological interfaces, at which biomedical use of synchrotron X-ray scattering. One of the major functions can be performed permanently in the living bodies. applications is to provide novel methodology for molecular design of vaccine for pandemic flu and gene delivery Nano-Interface

FY2008 Macroscopic properties of liquids in Quantum nano devices by control of interfacial nanopores quantum nano interface

Izumi Ichinose Kazuhiko Matsumoto Unit Director, National Institute for Materials Science Professor, Osaka University

It has been known that liquids in nanopores are in different The present research will realize the quantum nano devices thermodynamic states. Boiling and freezing points of the by utilizing the real feature of the nanowire. The fundamental Nanotechnology and Materials liquids can be treated with parameters such as temperature quantum device will control the wave nature and the particle and pressure. However, scientific treatment of the nature of the carrier at our will by modulating the quantum macroscopic properties like density, viscosity and diffusion interface between the carbon nanotube and the metal. The coefficient has not been systematically studied. We will quantum nanowire memory will be developed as a real examine the fluid-dynamic properties of the liquids in device, which consists of the coaxial structure of the nanowire interfacial nanopores by means of molecular simulation and and two layers of insulators, and 1/10 of writing bias the latest structural analysis technologies, aiming at compared to the present memory will be realized due to the developing innovative membrane separation systems. electric field concentration.

Energy conversion via the interface with hydrogen activation aqua catalysts

Seiji Ogo Professor, Kyushu University

Energy conversion under ambient conditions is developed by using the interface with hydrogen activation aqua catalysts, which are models for the active site in hydrogenase enzyme, i.e., (1) development of the fuel cell with the hydrogen activation aqua catalysts, (2) development of the energy conversion from hydrogen to light, and (3) development of the energy conversion from hydrogen to the chemical reactions under ambient conditions in water.

51 Establishment of FY2006 (Completed Research) Development of manufacturing Research and development of self- processes of supramolecular organizing molecular semiconductors Innovative nanodevices for practical gene for device applications Manufacturing therapy Kazunori Kataoka Jun-ichi Hanna Technology Based Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

To realize safe and effective gene therapy, we developed We have investigated liquid crystals in order to establish both on Nanoscience supramolecular nanodevices with multiple smart functions scientific and engineering basis for their applications to integrated into a nanometric-scale through the self-assembly electronic devices, and proposed a new molecular design of of nanomaterials elaborated by advanced polymer synthesis. a liquid crystalline molecule having high mobility in its Intensive studies have been done to confirm the functions mesophase, and established a model to describe carrier and safety of nanodevices justified for their practical clinical transport properties in the mesophase and new fabrication applications. Also, we established efficient manufacturing and patterning processes for thin films of liquid crystals, processes for such smart nanodevices. We could establish which the liquid crystallinity makes possible. Based on this new basis for the practical use of nanodevices in the achievement, we designed liquid crystalline molecules treatment of three major diseases of cancer, cardiovascular exhibiting high mobility in their mesophase and the feasibility diseases, and movement disorders in aged society. of new solution-process for thin films and their patterning, and the thermal stability of the films for organic field effect transistors (OFETs), Their high performance and availability were demonstrated by fabricating and evaluating OFETs.

Development of bio/nano hybrid Precise synthesis of nano-particulate platform technology towards materials in micro-space regenerative medicine

Hidetoshi Kotera Hideaki Maeda Professor, Kyoto University Team Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kyushu In this project, a novel technology based on MEMS/NEMS The research was conducted targeting at 3 main challenges: were developed for the scientific research of regenerative the development of the technology for combinatorial synthesis medicine. As the results, the on-chip measurements of both of nanoparticles, the construction of in-situ measurement intra- and inter-cellular signal propagation were system in microspace, and the development of a computer demonstrated, new techniques for ordered arrangements and simulation technique which assists in obtaining and managing encapsulations of cells were developed, thus encapsulated data from the first two main chellenges, thus, successfully pancreas beta cells were shown to be functional when establishing an extremely efficient and quick method when transplanted into a mouse. Also developed were the on-chip searching for optimum synthesis conditions. Moreover, the Research Supervisor: massively-parallel high-yield electroporation and electrofusion mathematical correlation between the synthesis conditions methods for the initialization and differentiation control of cells and physical properties was achieved by utilizing the neural Yasuhiro Horiike for regenerative medicine. network theory for these factors. Professor, University of Tsukuba/ Fellow Emeritus, National Institute for Materials Science

FY2007 Autonomous reaction control in Manufacturing of polymeric solution plasma for application to nanoparticle vaccines with control nanosynthesis and nanoprocessing capability of immune responses

Osamu Takai Mitsuru Akashi Professor, Nagoya University Professor, Osaka University

Solution plasma is a non-equirimurium plasma in liquid phase. This project is aimed at the development of biodegradable The features are quite different from gas phase plasma. polymer-based nanoparticles with control capability of Solution plasma might synthesize and fabricate immune responses, and the establishment of manufacturing nanomaterials. In this study, we developed the synthesis technology and pharmaceutical process for practical method of nanomaterials, nanoclusters, and the applications of polymeric nanoparticle vaccines. We design desompostion of cellose, which is processes related to and prepare a safe and universal nanoparticle-based vaccine Nanomanufacturing. Fundamentals of solution plasma was using nanoparticles capable of controlling intracellular kinetic been estanblished by developing qualitative-quantitative of antigens and having adjuvant activity. This strategy will analysis method for excited states and chemically active provide a novel immune therapy for infectious diseases, species in the solution. Moreover, a new reactor for solution cancers, and autoimmune diseases. plasma was develped for industry. This system is selled by a company.

Development of high-perfomance Development of an automated organic transistor synthesis apparatus and a large production for a highly functional molecule "Super catalytic antibody" Kazuhito Tsukagoshi Taizo Uda Principal Investigator, National Institute for Materials Science Professor, Oita University

Performance and operation stability of organic field effect "Super catalytic antibody" is a nano-molecule and possesses transistor (OFET) are very sensitive to the interfaces in the sophisticated functions recognizing the targeted antigen with transistor. We found that the interface between the metallic high specificity and can enzymatically cleave it. From the and organic film was one of the key elements to control viewpoint of tailor-made therapy, in this study, we will develop OFET. A disordered interface forms high density trap state, essential and/or elemental technologies in order to complete causing the current-injection barrier in OFET. In our research, the epochal tool (automated synthesis apparatus), with which we succeeded in reproducible fabrication of single crystal a medical doctor can make the human "Super catalytic device with low density interface trap by utilizing self- antibody" suitable for each patient. In addition, we will organization in semiconductor-molecule solution. Our process genetically make some human "Super catalytic antibodies", will develop new future flexible image devices. develop the large production method, and investigate their behavior in vivo. Through these studies, we will realize human "Super catalytic antibody" as the new medicine against infectious viruses and cancers as a front runner in the world.

52 FY2008 Development of irreplaceable devices Development of the high-speed by creation of the second generation molecular evolution system for carbon nanotube enzymes using nanobiochip technologies Hiromichi Kataura Takanori Ichiki Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Science and Technology (AIST) Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are classified into two types, This research aims to develop the innovative biomimmetic metals and semiconductors. The mixed production of them manufacturing system of molecular machines by fusion of obstructed the practical use. In this project, we first develop a high-speed molecular evolution, nanobiochip, and single-mol- new technology to separate CNTs almost perfectly into ecule imaging technologies.This research is expected to semiconductors and metals. Further we insert other realize a practical and versatile system for the evolution of molecules into CNTs to control the electronic properties and enzyme molecules that are useful in various application fi elds finally create highly functional the second generation CNTs. such as medicines, clinical test, detergents, food processing, By using them, we develop high-performance thin film bioenergy, bioremediation, biosensors, and so forth. transistors and non-linear optical devices exploiting the original potential of CNT.

Development of innovative synthesis Creation of new nanostructured methods of nano-materials using ionic materials and manufacturing processes liquid and vacuum techniques for next-generation electronics using inorganic nanosheets Susumu Kuwabata Takayoshi Sasaki Professor, Osaka University Fellow, National Institute for Materials Science

Ionic liquid having negligible vapor pressure is not vaporized In order to establish “Biomimetic Engineering”, that is a novel even in vacuum condition. Our experiments based on this bottom-up typed manufacturing technology inspired by the unique feature led us to discovery of surprising phenomena; hierarchical structuring and unique function characterized by 1) Gold sputtering to ionic liquid results in synthesis of Au self-assembly and self-organization of biological systems, nanoparticles in the liquid; 2) Ionic liquid in a vacuum chamber hierarchically structured novel surfaces of various materials can be observed by an electron microscope without any from nanometer to micrometer scale are newly prepared by charging of the liquid. These must be the base technologies using combination of physical self-organization processes, for developing novel nano-material synthesis and in situ e.g. regular pattern formation from disorder by using dissipa- measurements of chemical phenomena with several vacuum tive structures, and chemical plating processes. analytical instrument including electron microscopes. Realization of such the innovative ideas is the purpose of this research project. Nano-Manufacturing

Establishment of process navigation Novel engineering of hierarchically by creation of plasma nano science structured biomimetic surfaces and soft material processing

Masaru Hori Masatsugu Shimomura Professor, Nagoya University Professor, Tohoku University

Our mission is shifting the paradigm from development of We will develop a solution-based nanofabrication technique, plasma processes with a trial and error method to that on the which involves layer-by-layer deposition of inorganic Nanotechnology and Materials basis of plasma nano science, in order to realize the future nanosheets as a two-dimensional functional building block nano device manufacturing. The combinatorial plasma into nanostructured or superlattice assemblies. Based on this analysis equipment with the monitoring techniques for radical new process, we will create nanofi lms with innovative elec- density, ion density, and thier energies was developed. And tronic and magnetic properties, and also develop a new using the developed equipment, the basis of plasma nano method for epitaxial growth of functional crystal fi lms, which science was created. Moreover, we established the guiding will contribute to the progress of electronics and information principle “process navigation” by the process data map technologies. based on plasma nano science. Herewith, innovative nano process technology for organic soft materials was established.

3 dimensional molecular imaging for Development of single electron soft material devices by highly precise bottom-up processes

Jiro Matsuo Yutaka Majima Associate Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

A novel molecular imaging (secondary ion mass imaging) for We develop the novel single electron devices by using highly soft materials used in bio-technology and molecular precise three bottom-up processes. First, nanogap electrodes electronics is being developed with swift-heavy ions. In order with 5 nm or less in gap separation are fabricated by electro- to realize molecular depth profiling of soft materials, cluster less plating with a self termination process. Second, metal ions will be utilized to remove soft materials without clusters and molecular wires using metal complexes are syn- destroying molecular structure. Objective of this project is to thesized for a use as Coulomb islands. Third, the synthesized offer a novel technique for nano-technology and bio- Coulomb islands are selectively integrated into the nanogaps. technology. By using these highly precise bottom-up processes, we dem- onstrate a single electron device operation at room tempera- ture and establish fabrication processes toward a logic cir- cuit.

53 Photonics and FY2005 (Completed Research) New evolution of nitride Creation of new quantum optical semiconductor lasers based on technology by controlling electric-field Quantum Optics for nanocolumn crystals waveform of optical pulses with an the Creation of extremely short duration Katsumi Kishino Mikio Yamashita Innovative Functions Professor, Sophia University Specially Appointed Professor, Professor Emeritus, Hokkaido University In this research project, we have developed fundamental technologies for We achieved new photonic technologies by engineering the realizing green light semiconductor lasers and three-primary-color LEDs, electric field with the over-octave-bandwidth from near- in which the crystal characteristics of GaN nanocolumns were utilized to infrared (NIR) to ultraviolet (UV) :1) the generation of isolated overcome the challenging obstacles to lengthening the operation monocycle (2.6 fs) pulses and that of the high energy super- wavelengths of nitride-based lasers/LEDs. A method enabling the continuum (860 μJ, 270-1000 nm) by induced phase selective-area growth of GaN nanocolumns was developed for fabricating modulation, 2) the ultrabroadband (330-720 nm) electric- field light-emitting elements based on nanocolumn arrays. As a result, green synthesis and the ultrashort pulse generation using the light (520-566nm in wavelength) optically pumped stimulated emissions multiple coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, 3) were achieved for the InGaN-based nanocolumn arrays; a technique for amplification of over-octave-bandwidth (500-1350 nm) pulses controlling the emission color through the nanocolumn diameter and by angularly-dispersed noncollinear optical parametric period was developed that enabled the wavelength to be adjusted over amplification, 4) development of the UV-to-NIR liquid-crystal the visible emission range. Moreover the nanocrystal properties of single spatial light modulator with the over-two-octave (300-1200 and band of self-organized nanocolumns were investigated and it was nm) bandwidth, and 5) development of the technology confirmed that the random disorder in the self-organized nanocolumn measuring the spectral phase of the electric field with the medium contributed to the light localization and random lasing over-two-octave (330-1360 nm) bandwidth for sub- phenomena. monocycle pulse characterization.

FY2006 (Completed Research) Creation of superconducting High eneregy density plasma photonics and its applications photonics

Ikuo Suemune Ryosuke Kodama Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Osaka University

Electron Cooper pair injection into a LED was confirmed by We have developed high energy desnity plasma photonic the observations of DC and AC Josephson effects and devices to control high density energetic particles as well as significant enhancement of LED light output and reduction of intense light with high damage tolerance as a new concept or radiative recombination lifetimes were observed. A new theory high energy plasma photonics . The subjects studied in the dealing with radiative recombination of an electron Cooper program are following: Plasmas to directly control intense pair and a hole pair was established and the observed new light including dispersion control such as a plasma mirror or phenomena were explained as the radiative recombination of plasma grating; Plasmas to directly control high energy electron Cooper pairs that generates entangled photon pairs. density electrons created by ultra-intense laser light; Plasmas Research Supervisor: This opened the new interdisciplinary research field between as intense radiation sources such as high power THz superconductivity and photonics, and the developed new electromagnetic waves. The significance of the devices has Tatsuo Izawa photonic device will prove to be a key photon sources for the been proved by utilizing of these plasmas in the applications. applications to quantum information processing. Former Executive Vice President for Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Development of ultimate light- Active meso-optics based on emission technology based on dynamical spatio-temporal control of photonic crystals molphology

Susumu Noda Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami Professor, Kyoto University Professor, The University of Tokyo

In this project, we aimed at developing ultimate light-emission We proposed and demonstrated "active meso-optics", a technology based on photonic crystals, by which ultrahigh novel method tocontrol light via the dynamical control of the efficient light-emitting device and/or large-area coherent laser morphology of materials. We examined mechanisms to with a perfect single mode and various unique beam patterns enhance the unique optical effects caused by a non-local has been developed. In addition, optical phenomena including response and/or macroscopic coherence in a material, which weak and strong couplings between electron-photon systems are sensitive to a spatial modulation at a sub-wavelength has been investigated. These studies contribute to the future scale. Novel methods to obtain an accurate control of the quantum optical computing and the realization of photonic spatial and temporal profiles of light pulses were also chips. investigated and utilized for a dynamical control of morphology. We also explored novel aspects of light-matter interaction in order to obtain schemes for the active control of light in the visible and THz spectral regions.

Creation and simulation of Photonic nanostructure active optoelectronics function in nanometer functional devices and their space integration

Hirokazu Hori Toshihiko Baba Professor, University of Yamanashi Professor, Yokohama National University

Nano-optoelectronics devices for innovative information We have studied active functions and integration of photonic processing and signal transfer systems have been created nanostructure devices. We mainly employed photonic based on wiring-free electronic excitation transfer via optial crystals, and achieved the world's highest performance slow near-field interactions in quantum nanostructures of diluted light and its application to fast optical correlators. Exploiting magnetic semiconductors, where carrier transport and optical the strong light localization, we demonstrated ultralow energy near-field excitation transfer are controlled by external all optical switching, dynamic wavelength conversion, huge magnetic field. Based on fundamental studies of physical nonlinear enhancement and efficient optomechanical effects. processes, simulation method and information theory have Finally, we integrated these devices in a wafer scale with Si been established for design and analysis of novel photonics technology, and demonstrated a slow-light DQPSK optoelectronic systems of nanometer scale, and science and receiver as an example of such integration. technology related to nano-optoelectronics functions have been extensively developed.

54 Research on InN Semiconductor laser Emission of continuous thz waves by diodes with high temperature-stability making use of superconductors and for optical communication systems its applications

Takashi Matsuoka Kazuo Kadowaki Professor, Tohoku University Professor, University of Tsukuba

To advance the information society, the development of high- High temperature superconductors consist of thin CuO2 capacity, cost-effective optical communications systems is superconducting layers which stack in an atomic level, desired. For this purpose, as a light source, a laser diode with forming multi-Josephson junctions in a crystal. By exciting temperature stability is needed. We have found that InN, a Josephson plasma in all Josephson junctions in a crystal component of nitride semiconductors used in blue LEDs, emits infrared light whose wavelength is stable against temperature synchronously we recently succeeded in generating intense, change. In this project, the growth of InN has been mainly coherent and monochromatic continuous THz waves similar studied. We have developed the pressuried-reactor metalorganic to LASER. We clarify the physical mechanism of this vapor pahse epitaxy (PR-MOVPE) system which concept in the emission phenomenon and develop technology to generate reactor pressure is opposite to the conventional MOVPE system. more intense THz waves. We also employ spectroscopy of We have demonstrated the growth of InN with dramatically matter using this THz waves. improved quality by using this system. Hereafter, we progress the improvement of InN crystalline quality, and pursue the potentail of InN as a material for light emitters. Finally, We will realize the temperature-stable laser diodes for optical communications systems as originally planned.

Bilateral control of electrons and light Functional control of the primary through electron correlation process of photosynthesis in nano space

Kenjiro Miyano Hideki Hashimoto Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Osaka City University

Electrons in some transition metal oxides and complexes Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes whose structures are develop strong correlation, which frequently brings about modified are organized into lipid bilayer systems or onto spontaneous electronic order. By exploiting the extremely electrodes in order to fabricate artificial photosynthetic strong coupling between the electronic order and light, we membranes. These samples are subjected to the analyses using ultra-fast time-resolved coherent spectroscopy as well as time- found the following; (1) Photo-irradiation causes transitions resolved microscopic spectroscopy in order to make feasible the between different ordered states. (2) The transition occurs at real time observation of excitation energy transfer. Determination the speed of quantum mechanical electronic transition or of the phonon properties of these samples in broad spectral lattice vibration. (3) States localized even at a single interface range is also performed. Based on all these investigations are strong enough to influence macroscopic optical and comprehensive understandings of the mechanisms of the transport property. These observations were made possible excitation energy-transfer in the primary process of through technical endeavor in fabricating atomically controled photosynthesis will be achieved. At the same time the way of high quality thin films. utilization of photosynthetic systems as bio-nanodevices will be postulated. The expected outcomes are to establish guiding principles that lead the fundamental science and technology in the field of bio-nanotechnology of the 21st century. Photonics

Development of the technique to steer Development of 230-350nm band electrons by the ultrahigh optical field InAlGaN-based high-efficiency deep- UV emitting devices

Shuntaro Watanabe Hideki Hirayama Professor, Tokyo University of Science Laboratory Head, RIKEN

Carrier-Envelop- Phase(CEP)-stabilized, TW-class OPCPA High-brightness deep-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes systems were developed with the shortest pulse widths at (LEDs) or laser diodes (LDs) with emission wavelengths in the Nanotechnology and Materials 800 and 1500nm respectively. By using these lasers, the CEP range of 230-350 nm have a wide range of potential dependence of high harmonics was observed at the shortest applications, such as in water purification, sterilization, wavelength (7 nm), leading to sub 100 attosecond pulses at medicine and biochemistry, white light illumination, and light the unprecedented wavelength. The CEP-controlled sub- sources for high density optical recording. In this study, we harmonics 2ω,3ω,4ω(3ω:850 nm) were synthesized and the will develop a crystal growth technique of nitride InAlGaN pulse form was successfully retrieved. These sources hold based semiconductors for obtaining deep-UV emitting the attosecond-accuracy control of wave as well as an optical devices, and achieve 230-250 nm band high-efficiency deep- field strong enough to kick off electrons out of atoms and UV LEDs and LDs. opened the way to observing ultrafast electron dynamics and steering electrons in materials.

FY2007 Development of biomedical photonic Adaptive power photonics LSIs

Jun Ohta Noriaki Miyanaga Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Professor, Osaka University

Our project aims to exploit a novel biomedical photonic The optical technology that brings out the ultimate capabilities device to be applied for biotechnologies and medicine by of ultra-short-pulse intense lasers enables us to precisely merging photonic technologies and LSI (large scale control a variety of laser-matter interactions. We are integration) technologies. Collaborating with photonic device, developing a few cycle laser system of ~30-TW peak power biotechnology and brain-nerve researchers, we will explore using the optical parametric amplification pumped by a laser the new paradigm of the photonic LIS devices for brain diode-pumped solid state laser. We will release this laser to sciences the clinical applications to functional brain disease many applications adopting the spatiotemporal phase control such as Parkinson and epilepsy. and spatial polarization control. We aim to provide the technological base of adaptive power photonics for innovative applications of high-power lasers.

55 Development of FY2010 Development of an eigen- Highly productive, high performance supercomputing engine using a application frameworks for post System Software post-petascale hierarchical model petascale computing Technologies for Tetsuya Sakurai Naoya Maruyama post-Peta Scale Professor, University of Tsukuba Team Leader, RIKEN

The aim of this research is to develop a Concurrency, reliability, and power are High Performance massively parallel eigenvalue analysis the most critical challenges for future high engine using a hierarchical parallel performance computing. We solve these structure, which is a defining problems in a highly productive way by Computing characteristic of post-petascale developing vertically-integrated high architecture. The developed engine is performance software stack, which based on newly designed algorithms transparently implements advanced HPC created to address issues of scalability and fault tolerance technologies such as automatic parallelization, automatic that have plagued conventional eigenvalue solution methods. tuning, fault tolerance, power optimization. This project will This analysis engine will open new doors for cutting-edge present two instantiations of the vision, namely a framework science and engineering simulations on scales that have for computational fluid dynamics and another for molecular never been feasible in the past, and then create a potential for dynamics. Our research outcome will represent an important stimulating technological innovation across a broad range of step towards future software architecture for exascale areas in science and industry. computing.

FY2011 System software for post petascale Development of a numerical library data intensive science based on hierarchical domain decomposition for post petascale simulation Osamu Tatebe Ryuji Shioya Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba Professor, Toyo University

Rapid improvement of experimental We have been developing an open source devices such as next-generation DNA system software, ADVENTURE, which is sequencer and accelerator requires large- a general-purpose parallel finite element scale data intensive computing whose analysis system and can simulate a large data size does not fit in the memory scale analysis model with supercomputer footprint. Current supercomputer like the Earth Simulator or K-computer. technology cannot meet the required I/O In the system, HDDM (hierarchical domain performance in the near future. This project aims at research decomposition method), which is a very effective technique to Research Supervisor: and development of distributed file system, operating system, large-scale analysis, was developed. The aim of this project and runtime system for data intensive computing, and is to develop a numerical library based on HDDM that is Akinori Yonezawa promotes data intensive science in the post Petascale era. extended to pre and post processing parts, including mesh generation and visualization of large scale data, for the Post Co-director, RIKEN Advanced Institute Petascale simulation. for Computational Science

ppOpen-HPC: Open Source Infrastructure for An evolutionary approach to Development and Execution of Large-Scale construction of a software development Scientific Applications on Post-Peta-Scale environment for massively-parallel Supercomputers with Automatic Tuning (AT) heterogeneous systems Kengo Nakajima Hiroyuki Takizawa Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor, Tohoku University

We propose an open source Postpeta-scale computing systems are infrastructure for development and expected to become more complex with execution of optimized and reliable more parallelism and heterogeneity. This simulation codes on post-peta (pp) scale project will develop an environment to parallel computers with heterogeneous efficiently and effectually use such a computing nodes which consist of massively-parallel heterogeneous system. multicore CPU’s and accelerators., We will especially work in research and named “ppOpen-HPC”. ppOpen-HPC consists of various development of abstraction technologies to enable application types of libraries, which covers various types of procedures users and developers to exploit the performance of a for scientific computations. Source code developed on a PC postpeta-scale computing system without considering the with a single processor is linked with these libraries, and underlying hardware complexities. We will also develop a generated parallel code is optimized for post-peta scale framework combined with the abstraction technologies in system. Capability of automatic tuning is important and critical order to support software evolution for adapting to system technology for further development on new architectures and changes. maintenance of the framework.

Parallel system software for multi- Software development for post core and many-core petascale super computing - modularity for super computing

Atsushi Hori Shigeru Chiba Senior Scientist, RIKEN Professor, The University of Tokyo

Assuming the post-petaflops parallel A single general programming language architecture will be the combination of or framework that covers any subject will general purpose multi-core CPUs and not be feasible for post petascale super specialized many-core CPUS, a scalable computing. The goal of this project is to system software for that architecture will apply mordern techniques for software be studied and developed. A newly modularity to super computing. The developed lite OS running on the many- progress in software modularity core CPUs and a general purpose OS running on the multi- techniques for web applications is significant in this decade. core CPUs will communicate with the other to provide By applying these techniques, the project enables domain efficient and optimized communication, efficient parallel I/O experts to develop frameworks specific to computing including MPI-IO, ultra lite threads, and fault resilience platforms and algorithms and therby improves the efficiency functions. of software development in super computing.

56 Development of scalable Framework for administration of social communication library with simulations on massively parallel technologies for memory saving and computers runtime optimization Takeshi Nanri Itsuki Noda Associate Professor, Kyushu University Research Team Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Within a decade, the number of Out target is to develop a framework to processing cores on supercomputers is administer to execute large-scale predicted to be more than 100 million. multiagent simulations exhaustively to This project researches technologies for analyze socially interactive systems. The memory saving and runtime optimizations framework consists of a manager module to implement a scalable communication and distributed execution middleware; the library that will be required on such large manager module conducts effective scale computers. In addition to that, the project also develops execution plans of simulations among massive possible methods for building scalable applications by utilizing facilities conditions according to available computer resources, while of the communication library. the execution middleware provides functionality to realize distributed multi-agent simulation on many-core computers. The framework will realize engineering environment to design and synthesize social systems like traffics, economy and politics.

Advanced computing and Research and development on unified optimization infrastructure for environment of accelerated extremely large-scale graphs on post computing and interconnection for peta-scale supercomputers post-petascale era Katsuki Fujisawa Taisuke Boku Professor, Chuo University Professor, University of Tsukuba

We immediately need to draw up In this research, we will investigate the evacuation plans and make decisions unified environment of computation regarding infrastructure restoration, when accelerating devices and interconnection serious disasters happened. It is known network for HPC platform in post- that technologies for gathering massive petascale era. Our research theme covers information, making large-scale graph the new communication device realizing data as mathematical models and direct communication among accelerating applying optimization algorithms to them are very important in devices over computation nodes, system software stack for such situations, however, existing technologies are not so the device, high level parallel programming language and powerful. The objective of this project is to develop an several application programs on this concept. One of the advanced computing and optimization infrastructure for serious performance bottlenecks of next generation of extremely large-scale graphs on post peta-scale accelerated computing is the communication latency among supercomputers and contribute to realize safe and robust accelerating devices especially for strong scaling, and we will social infrastructures. develop the total solution for this problem from the hardware to application layer toward exascale massively parallel accelerated computing systems.

FY2012 Software technology that deals with deeper memory hierarchy in post- petascale era

Toshio Endo Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

There is an urgent need to develop technology that realizes larger, finer and faster simulations in meteorology, bioinformatics, disaster measures and so on, towards post-petascale era. However, the "memory wall" problem will be the one of largest obstacles; the growth of memory bandwidth and capacity will be even slower than that of processor throughput. For this purpose, we suppose system architecture with memory hierarchy including hybrid memory devices, including non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), and develop new software technology that efficiently utilizes the hybrid memory hierarchy. The area of our research includes new compiler technology, memory management and application algorithms. post-Peta Scale

Power management framework for post-petascale supercomputers

Masaaki Kondo Associate Professor, The University of Electro- Information and Communication Technology Communications Power consumption is expected to be a first class design constraint for developing future post peta-scale supercomputers. We will research and develop a software framework for code optimization and power management which adaptively controls power-performance knobs equipped in hardware devices in order to maximize effective performance within a power constraint. The final goal of this project is to realize a post peta-scale high-performance computing environment with making effective use of a limited power budget.

57 Creation of Human- FY2009 Life log infrastructure for food Elucidation of perceptual illusion and development of secse-centered Harmonized human interface Information Kiyoharu Aizawa Yasuharu Koike Technology for Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

"Food"is one of the most important and Tele-existence is trying to replicate Convivial Society regularly consumed factor in our daily life. physically plausible information by However, so far, this has rarely been providing with a real sensation of viewed as an object of presence. In this project, we aim to information processing. In this research, elucidate the mechanisms of the we aim at developing an infrastructure for perceptual illusion for visco-elastic life log, with emphasis on food and food- function in the brain. Perceptual illusion related activities in our daily life. We investigate capture, would realize new human interface without elaborate system. analysis, visualization and interfacing of multimedia logs of food and related experiences. Making use of this data collection, we further investigate potential community discovery, support for communications, standardization of life log data, and privacy control issues. We also investigate applications such as healthcare.

Dynamic information space based on Sensing and controlling human gaze high-speed sensor technology in daily living space for human- harmonized information environments

Masatoshi Ishikawa Yoichi Sato Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

We attempt construction of a new The goal of this project is to develop novel information space allowing humans to technologies for sensing and controlling recognize phenomena exceeding the human gaze non-invasively in daily living limitations of the human senses. space. Such technologies are the key to Crucial to this effort are: (1) perfect realize human-harmonized information detection of underlying dynamics and (2) environments which can provide us a new model of sensory-motor integration various kinds of supports more effectively drawn from work with kHz-rate sensor and display without distracting our activities. Research Supervisor: technologies. Within the information space the sampling rate is matched with the dynamics of the physical world; so Yoh'ichi Tohkura humans are able to deterministically predict attributes of the surrounding, rapidly-evolving environment. This leads to a Professor / Deputy Director General, new type of interaction, where the learning rate and capacity National Institute of Informatics of our recognition system are augmented.

Developing a communication Modeling and detecting overtrust from environment by decoding and behavior signals controlling implicit interpersonal information Makio Kashino Kazuya Takeda Group Leader, NTT Corporation Professor, Nagoya University

Smooth and effective interpersonal Based on large signal corpora, this communication depends strongly on project studies the mathematical implicit, non-symbolic information that modeling of human behaviors through emerges from the interaction between mapping the behaviors onto two discrete- partners (Implicit InterPersonal continuous hybrid systems, i.e., the Information, IIPI). Our goal is to develop cognition-decision process and the new methods to improve the quality of decision-action process. This research communication by (1) decoding IIPI from brain activities, aims at building such a behavior model that can relate the physiological responses and body movements, and (2) human internal state and the observed behavior signals. controlling IIPI by sensorimotor stimulation and non-invasive Research results will be applied to and evaluated through brain stimulation. detecting overtrust caused by misunderstandings between human and machines in real environments.

Smart seminar room baesd on multi- Construction and utilization of human- modal recognition of verbal and harmonized "tangible" information non-verbal information environment

Tatsuya Kawahara Susumu Tachi Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Keio University

Based on a multi-modal analysis and This project aims to construct an modeling of speech communication used intelligent information for human intellectual activities, we design environment that is both visible and IT-enhanced environments for seminars tangible, where real-space and meetings, which provide real-time communication, human-machine interface supports to participants and make their and media processing are integrated. effective archive for later reference. In The goal is to create a human- addition to the conventional approach to process main harmonized ""tangible information environment"" that allows speaker’s utterances, a novel indexing approach focusing on human beings to obtain and understand haptic information in audience reaction is incorporated. the real space, to transmit thus obtained haptic space, and to actively interact with other people using the transmitted haptic space. The tangible environment enables telecommunication, tele-experience, and pseudo-experience with the sensation of working as though in a natural environment. It also enables humans to engage in creative activities such as design and creation as though they were in the real environment.

58 FY2010 Studies on cellphone-type Behavior understanding based on Harmonized inter-personal display teleoperated androids transmitting intention-gait model based on position and direction human presence control

Hiroshi Ishiguro Yasushi Yagi Takeshi Naemura Visiting group leader, Advanced Telecommunications Professor, Osaka University Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Research Institute International This project will realize cellphone-type The main purpose of this project is to The aim of this study is to implement teleoperated androids “Elfoid” (the develop technologies for estimating harmonized inter-personal display common name is “Geminoid cellphone”). intention, a mental and physical condition, technology based on the premise that it It is a new communication method that and human relations from gait patterns. will be used in gathering places can transmit human presence anytime We also investigate how human- frequented by several people. This and anywhere. The user can transmit his/ harmonized information environments can technology will be geared toward her presence to the distant place by the be built using the technologies. facilitating face-to-face communication Elfoid and the conversation partner in the place can talk to while superimposing a world of information on the real world. the Elfoid as if it is the user. In addition to the personal Hitherto, superposition techniques (augmented reality) have computers and smartphones, the Efloid will be new mainly been used within the information terminal displays of information media that harmonize information technologies individual users. In this study, we go beyond this framework with people. by embedding information in light and sound which is presented to users while controlling the locality and directionality for the real world, thereby allowing people to freely access information that is spread out spatially rather than being held within the confines of a display screen.

FY2011 Development of a sound field sharing Building a similarity-aware information system for creating and exchanging environment for a content-symbiotic music society

Shiro Ise Masataka Goto Associate Professor, Kyoto Univ. Prime Senior Researcher, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) The purpose of this study is to build an The purpose of this project is to develop information communication environment fundamental technologies for building a that supports the exchange of music, a similarity-aware information environment universal language, with high fidelity. We in which people are able to know develop a sound field sharing system that similarities among vast amounts of media will help music professionals such as content. This environment will help musicians, acoustic engineers, music establish a ``content-symbiotic society'' in educators, and music critics to enhance their skills and further which media content such as music and video can be explore their creativity by providing them with the means to created and used in innovative, but ethical ways. experience 3D sound in a telecommunication environment. Furthermore, by developing technologies for enhancing This innovative form of music production using content creation and appreciation, we aim to promote a communication technology also provides the general public a society in which anyone can actively engage in content platform for a new experience of entertainment. creation and appreciation, and a content culture that respects past content and emphasizes experiencing emotion.

Enabling a mobile social robot to Pedagogical Machine: Developmental adapt to a public space in a city. cognitive science approach to create teaching/teachable machines

Takayuki Kanda Kazuo Hiraki Senior Research Scientist, Advanced Telecommunication Professor, The University of Tokyo Research Institute International This project is aimed to realize a future This project aims to construct a city environment in which a social robot pedagogical machine - an artifact that roams in a public space and offers useful can help and enhance human learning. services, such as information-providing To that end, we adopt a developmental and physical assistance. cognitive science approach revealing the In order to realize this project, two kinds mechanism of real human learning in of research will be conducted. The first communicative situations (e.g. mother- one will be aimed at achieving a technique based on a sensor infant interaction). Multiple and integrative methods - network that will be able to understand how the humans use behavioral experiments, brain imaging, internet research – are a public place. The second investigation will be aimed at used to specify the features that the machine must have. The enabling a robot to roam the environment without hindering machine will be tested in a realistic situation accumulating the movement of people, while talking kindly to walking scientific knowledge for the future education. people. Human-Harmonized IT

Development of fundamental technologies for User generated dialogue systems: innovative use of character/document media uDialogue and their application to creating human harmonized information environment Koichi Kise Keiichi Tokuda Professor, Osaka Prefecture University Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology Information and Communication Technology

This project is to transfigure traditional In developing spoken dialogue systems, it media of characters and documents to is important to construct attractive new active media by using technologies content that gives users positive such as high-speed character recognition motivation to talk to a system. Recently, and document image retrieval. The new user-generated content has been media allow us to navigate the user based successfully used in many web services on the description of signboards and such as Wikipedia and YouTube. In this posters, as well as to retrieve and display necessary project, we apply the idea of user-generated content to information based on a log of reading (reading lifelog) and the spoken dialogue systems, and empirically clarify the part the user is reading. mechanism and conditions that the systems work in practical situations.

59 Alliance for FY2008 A Mathematical challenge to a new Rigorous topological computation of phase of material science global dynamical structures for Breakthrough rhythmic behaviors in coupled between systems and applications Motoko Kotani Hiroshi Kokubu Mathematics and Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Kyoto University

The development of high-performance materials serves the The purpose of this research is to develop various Sciences (ABMS) well-being of human-society. Now that we observe and mathematical methods, especially rigorous topological design nano-scale systems for the material development, computation, for studying global dynamical structures in demands for a new mathematical theory to describe nano- coupled systems, and to give better understandings of the scale phenomena are increasing. By a mutually beneficial partnership between mathematics mechanism of rhythmic behaviors in neural network models and material science, our research project aims to meet these and models in the system bio-mechanics. Based on the demands and to develop mathematical models. The key, we theoretical analysis for rhythm adjustment mechanism of believe, lies in the fundamental understanding of micro-meso- brain-body interaction, combined with experimental studies of macroscopic structural relations and in the identification of model robots, we intend to lead our results to new mechanisms in terms of mathematics. In the future, this technologies and applications for controlling various rhythmic research team is expected to evolve into the research core of behaviors of humans and animals. ""mathematical materials sciences"" with high integration of mathematical science, information science, physical chemistry and chemical physics, and materials science.

Innovations in controlling hyper Mathematical structure of complex redundant and flexible systems financial products and infinite inspired by biological locomotion dimensional analysis

Ryo Kobayashi Arturo Kohatsu-Higa Professor, Hiroshima University Professor, Ritsumeikan University

Our goal is to develop truly biomimetic robots that exhibit life- Structure products are complex financial derivatives whose like agile and supple locomotion under real world constraints, liquidity has increased in recent years. They have been endowing robots with (very) large degrees of freedom. In blamed as part of the current financial crisis. The goal of this order to achieve this goal, we revisit and rethink the concept project is to provide a sound mathematical framework for of autonomous decentralized control, and consider the way these products using infinite dimensional methods. of control that allows robots to orchestrate and maneuver Furthermore we aim to use projection/dimension reduction large degrees of freedom without impairing the adaptivity. approaches in order to provide effective valuation and One of the significant features of our project is that we intend hedging methods as well as risk control methods for these Research Supervisor: to capture the control principle by greatly relying on products. mathematical modeling of various types of locomotion, Yasumasa Nishiura ranging from amoeboid locomotion to legged locomotion. Professor, Tohoku University

Harmony of Gröbner bases and the A challenge to unsolved problems in modern industrial society fluid engineering with modern mathematical analysis

Takayuki Hibi Yoshihiro Shibata Professor, Osaka University Professor, Waseda University

It brings positive contribution of mathematics for solutions of In this study, mathematicians whose specialty is modern social difficult problems to investigate harmony of the theory mathematical analysis and experts on fluid mechanics of pure mathematics that developed highly and the forefront collaborate toward developing rigorous formulation and of technology in the modern industrial society. Our research analytical methods for unsolved problems in fluid engineering. group consists of algebraists, computer scientists and The results will be applied to important issues facing society statisticians who engage in the research of Gröbner bases, a in recent years, verified through carefully controlled trendy topic of modern mathematics. Our goal is to make the experiments and demonstrated their usefulness. We expect progress of the theory together with the development of the that this study gives the start of reconnection between algorithm in order to answer the request of realistic questions mathematical analysis and fluid mechanics which had been as well as to apply the latest theory of Gröbner bases to the closely related in the nineteenth century and collaborative forefront of technology. exploration for seeds which will grow to permanent culture of human being.

FY2009 Establishment of foundations of verified Mathematical medicine develops numerical computations for nonlinear tumor growth explications and systems and error-free algorithms in medical technology innovations computational engineering Shin’ichi Oishi Takashi Suzuki Professor, Waseda University Professor, Osaka University

The purpose of this research is to establish methodologies of We clarify the mechanism of cancer morbid growth through designing error-free algorithms for solving various problems in mathematical models, and, simultaneously, develop several computational engineering. Focus is on the development of methods of cancer diagnosis linked with the theory of inverse efficient algorithms. For this purpose, techniques of verified problems. We study, especially, the process of sub-cell numerical computations and error-free numerical algorithms deformation derived from the bio-chemical reactions inside will be combined with algorithms in computational cells in the early stage of invasion via the automatic, engineering. Concretely, foundations of efficient methods of computer-assisted modeling based on the mathematical verified numerical computations will be established for finite formulas and medical experiments. As applications, prediction dimensional nonlinear systems, which appear as fundamental of the morbid state, selection of the optimal treatment, problems of computational engineering. This breakthrough creation of new medicines, and automatic cell diagnosis enables us to design efficient error-free algorithms in provided with new schemes become practical. computational engineering. As a result, it has significant ramifications for various arias of science, engineering and industry.

60 FY2010 Mathematics for expressive image Clarification of dermatological disease synthesis mechanisms through collaboration of physiology and mathematical science

Kenichi Anjyo Masaharu Nagayama CTO, OLM Digital, Inc. Professor, Hokkaido University

Computer graphics (CG) is increasingly transforming every Stratum corneum plays an important role as a barrier function, aspect of image creation and processing. This project and it is known that its failure relates to various dermatological pursues a new mathematical framework to greatly enhance diseases. We will establish a mathematical model for the the expressive ability of digital image creation. It seeks a dynamics seen in keratinocytes and confirm the validity of the methodology for making animations directable in a quicker model through physiological experiments. Using the model, and more intuitive way than ever before, even while focusing we will understand how to realize the barrier function of a skin on challenging image categories such as humans and fluids. from the viewpoints of both physiology and mathematical science. Through these approaches, we aim to clarify the cause and treatment of diseases related to the failure of the barrier function.

Toward a paradigm shift created by mathematics of vortex-boundary interactions

Takashi Sakajo Professor, Kyoto University

Vortices generated by turbulent fluctuations in the proximity of streamlined wings of an airplane are detrimental to the flight. On the other hand, the creation of vortices allows insects to fly efficiently by flapping their thin wings. This suggests a new flight strategy that makes use of vortices. Our project attempts to develop a mathematical theory and high resolution computational fluid dynamics for vortex generation and their interactions with boundaries of the solid bodies. With "vortex-boundary interactions" as a key concept, we actively find our way into research collaborations with other disciplines in life-and environmental sciences. We will then propose an efficient new design for locomotion with vortices, which will replace streamlined shapes.

Realization of high-performance clinical analysis based on collaboration between radiology and mathematical sciences Hiroshi Suito Professor, Okayama University

This research project will contribute to high-performance clinical diagnoses through construction of decision-making tools including mathematical modeling, simulation technology, statistical analysis, and inverse analysis. Mathematical science will evolve greatly through this research project, not only from its application to medical science, but also from its own evolution derived from that application. This research project is ultimately aimed at evolution of both mathematical science and clinical medicine, leading to improvement of the medical services available to our society. Mathematics

Computational Illusion - mathematical modeling of optical illusion and its applications

Kokichi Sugihara Professor, Meiji University Information and Communication Technology

Through mathematical modeling of human optical illusion, we understand mechanisms of optical illusion, extract quantitative measures for evaluating illusion effects, and establish methods for controlling the illusion effects. We apply them in two directions. Minimizing the illusion effects, we develop environment that can be recognized easily and thus raise safety, and maximizing the illusion effects, we offer new visual representation methods and thus contribute to cultural maturity. On the basis of these activities, we develop flexible and robust methods for mathematical modeling together with the associated computation techniques for analyzing human perceptual and cognitive behavior.

61 Fundamental FY2007 FY2008 Dependable VLSI platform using Circuit and system mechanisms for Technologies for robust fabrics high field reliability Dependable VLSI Hidetoshi Onodera Seiji Kajihara System Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Extreme scaling imposes enormous challenges on LSI design With the progress of VLSI technology, it becomes a crucial such as manufacturability degradation, variability increase, issue to deal with faults that occur in operational mode as performance aging, and soft-error vulnerability. In order to well as the production test. In our work, we propose new overcome these difficulties, we investigate a reconfigurable mechanisms of circuits and systems that allow adaptive VLSI platform that can realize dependable circuits with power-on testing to detect problems caused by aging and required reliability. The platform consists of variation-tolerant faults of VLSIs operating on the field, and to warn or recover robust fabrics with self-repairing capability of deteriorated before an error appears. The work tries to contribute not only circuits. We will demonstrate that the platform can be to extension of MTTF (Mean Time To Failure) but also to applicable to various embedded systems ranging from supply of safe and secure systems for users. satellite applications to consumer products with a wide variety of dependability.

Ultra dependable VLSI by Dipendable SRAM techniques for collaboration of formal verifications highly reliable VLSI system and architectural technologies

Shuichi Sakai Masahiko Yoshimoto Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kobe University

For precise and errorless design of VLSI which is one of the The goal of the project is to develop design techniques for most primary elements in today's information-centric society, scaled SRAM to enhance a dipendability of VLSI system in this project will comprehensively develop dependability deep sub-deci micron era and beyond. To overcome several technologies from circuit design to system architectures. It error factors including process variation, operating condition includes new formal verification techniques, introductions of fluctuation, performance degradation by aging and soft error field programmable circuits for the test-phase corrections, the phenomena, we will develop fundamental techniques to circuit which prevents timing errors and architectural predict failure situations, to sustain normal state of operation technologies to prevent permanent failures. These techniques and to avoid fatal errors. Then by unifying the above Research Supervisor: will be tightly integrated and will substantially increase VLSI techniques, an autonomous dipendable memory platform will dependability. The research results will include the new be established. Finally effectiveness of proposed methods will Shojiro Asai design tools, new digital circuits and architectures which will be verified for car-electronics application using virtualization be fed back to industry and will construct the basis to techniques. Executive Vice President, Rigaku reinforce the industrial competitiveness in the area of Corporation semiconductors, home electronics, automobiles and aerospace technologies.

Development of dependable wireless Development of dependable Network- system and device on-Chip platform

Kazuo Tsubouchi Tomohiro Yoneda Professor Emeritus, Tohoku University Professor, The National Institute of Informatics

For implementing wide-area and high-data-rate wireless In order to obtain large and complex VLSI systems using access, we are developing a dependable wireless next- advanced semiconductor process technologies, problems of generation network (NGN) large-scale integrated circuit (LSI) how to increase utilization of collected many cores and how with optimum control of communication area, data rate, to tolerate delay variation due to process variation, delay power consumption and quality of service (QoS). This faults caused during operation, changes of environmental broadband all-silicon mixed signal complementary metal- parameters, and so on should be solved. This project will oxide-silicon (CMOS) chip set achieves low bit error rate (BER) develop several core technologies to overcome those using frequency domain equalization (FDE). The research will problems and propose a design methodology to construct contribute to realize high-mobility and ultra high-data-rate highly dependable, adaptable, and efficient network-on-chip mobile terminal. platform. It is also planned to demonstrate the proposed methodology by implementing some concrete automotive applications on a prototype NoC platform.

FY2009 Modeling, detection, correction and Three-dimensional VLSI system with recovery techniques for unified self-restoration function dependable design

Hiroto Yasuura Mitsumasa Koyanagi Professor, Kyushu University Professor, Tohoku University

The goal of the project is to establish a design flow in system We aim to develop a new dependable VLSI by employing a and RT levels for dependable digital VLSI. We will define three-dimensional (3D) LSI and highly parallel processing models errors and indexes of dependability, and develop which can provide functions of self-restoration, self- techniques to evaluate the indexes and to improve them. We organization, self-repair, reconfiguration and self-test. This will implement the techniques as design and analysis tools, new VLSI has function generators with look-up tables which and combine the tools into an existing design flow to make a generate redundancy and self-test circuits. A part of these prototype of design flow in which designers can consider redundancy and self-test circuits are dynamically converted tradeoffs among cost, performance, power consumption and to functional logic circuits to enhance the flexibility and dependability. efficiency of LSI.

62 Dependable wireless Solid-State Drive (SSD)

Ken Takeuchi Professor, Chuo University

This project will develop wireless Solid-State Drives (SSD) containing tera-byte capacity NAND flash memories and their host system with 1mm distance 10Gbps ultra high-speed wireless communication and power transmission capabilities. The proposed wireless SSDs are dependable against various error factors such as the data retention and the endurance failure of the flash memory cells, 2) human errors such as the water contact and the unexpected power outage, 3) the contact wear-out failure of the interface and 4) the ESD failure.

The design and evaluation methodology of dependable VLSI for tamper resistance

Takeshi Fujino Professor, Ritsumeikan University

The smart cards, which keep money and personal information in their LSIs, are widespread in the social system. The dependability and security assurance of these LSI are critical issues. The attacker reveal secret information by analyzing the side-channel information such as power consumption and electro-magnetic field. Furthermore, the attacker could clone security LSIs by analyzing physical information. The purpose of this research is the design and evaluation methodology of dependable VLSI against these tamper attacks.

Fundamental technology on dependable SoC and SiP for embedded real-time systems

Nobuyuki Yamasaki Associate Professor, Keio University

We make researches on the fundamental technology on the dependable SoC (System-on-Chip) and SiP (System-in- Package) for embedded real-time systems to realize practical VLSI systems. To realize practical embedded real-time systems, we study on the co-design of applications (robots and spacecrafts), software (OS), and hardware (architecture), the co-design of SoC and SiP, and the design, implementation, and evaluation schemes for them. Dependable VLSI Information and Communication Technology

63 Dependable FY2006 (Completed Research) Dependable single system image Dependable system software operating system for parallel/ development technology Operating Systems distributed embedded systems for Embedded Yutaka Ishikawa Toshiyuki Maeda Systems Aiming at Professor, The University of Tokyo Research Associate, The University of Tokyo

In this research, the DEOS Process and the DEOS We realized technologies that enable us to ensure and verify Practical Architecture for maintaining the Open System Dependability, safety and reliablity of system software based on static have been designed and developed. In order to realize these program analysis theories, especially by type theory and concepts, the following products for practical use have been model checking theory. In addition, we developed practical Applications studied and developed: a programming interface P-Bus for verification tools that can be widely used by system software safe OS kernel extension, a single IP address cluster developers. mechanism for realizing a dependable single system image OS, D-Case and D-Case Editor for making agreements on dependability requirements, and D-RE for providing an application execution environment. These outcomes are utilized in the DEOS project, as well as made public as open source products.

FY2008 Low-power and highly dependable Research on realtime parallel parallel computer platform for dependable operating system with embedded systems realtime networking function

Mitsuhisa Sato Satoshi Kagami Professor, University of Tsukuba Team Leader, Digital Human Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology We have developed a network chip, PEACH (PCI Express This research aims to develop an dependable operating Adaptive Communication Hub) which enables PCIExpress to system that has realtime, reliability, safety, and maintenance be used for a high-speed, low-power and reliable short- availability functions for robotics application. The system will distance network. As well as using this network, low-power be designed and implemented by following P-Bus and reliable parallel systems can be constructed with our architecture that is proposed and under developing in CREST parallel software, such as a reliable middleware SCASH-FT Dependable OS project. For this purpose, ART-Linux that we which is a software DSM with redundant remote page have been developed in last 10 years will be rewritten. An management, and CPMD (Cooperative Power Management asymmetric multi-processing and realtime ethernet Research Supervisor: Daemon) which controls power states of several servers communication functions will be developed. We will open this cooperatively to reduce the power without losing QoS. We OS and investigate by applying our robots including humanoid Mario Tokoro also developed a testing environment for reliable parallel robot project, RT-middleware project, and several company software, Fault-VM, by the virtual machine technology and projects. President , Sony Computer Science fault injection. Laboratories, Inc.

A dependable operating system for Study on user oriented dependability micro ubiquitous nodes

Hideyuki Tokuda Yoshiki Kinoshita Deputy Research Supervisor: Professor, Faculty of Environmental Information, Keio Principal Research Scientist, National Institute of Advanced University Industrial Science and Technology Yoichi Muraoka We have built mechanisms for dependability on micro The goals of this project are to clarify the notion of ubiquitous nodes, such as wireless sensor nodes and mobile dependability for information processing systems and to set Professor, Waseda University terminals, based on the Linux operating system. The up a standard based upon it. Systems' social responsibility is mechanisms include 1) dependable communication taken into account. The project also aims at presenting two mechanism leveraging multiple network interfaces, 2) guidelines accompanying the standard; one for the conformity dependable energy management mechanism enabling users assessment and the other on how to manage system life to reserve battery energy, and 3) D-Case and dependability cycle (design, development, operation and maintenance, metrics. We evaluated these mechanisms with a remote disposal) according to the standard. As a result, users will monitoring robot system built atop them. The implemented have objective criteria for the dependability of the system they software have been in practical use merged into the code work with. Moreover, developers will be able to provide the tree of a few open source software including Linux and dependability of their products as an objective added value FreeBSD operating systms. backed up by the standard.

A dependable operating system for A Study on runtime dependability with highly functional information security weaver and P-Script appliances

Tatsuo Nakajima Kimio Kuramitsu Professor, Waseda University Associate Professor, Yokohama National University

The goal of our research is to develop a virtualized execution This research addresses two kinds of new technologies: one environment that integrates control processing and is a security weaver that ensures runtime dependability under information processing, and increases reliability and unexpected threats, and another is a P-Script that provides extensibility. Our system allows us to reuse various exisiting us with the capability of describing dependability policy. The software on Linux. We provided a common framework for final outcomes shall be open source software to be widely failure management, I/O management, and resource evaluated by the industry. management to realize the goal.

64 Producing highly attack-resistant secure operating systems

Kenji Kono Associate Professor, Dept. of Information and Computer Science, Keio Univ. This project aims to produce a highly secure operating system that bridges the gap between traditional security mechanisms and those required by modern information systems. In this project, we extensively utilize promising hardware technologies such as virtualization and security chips. In principle, we provide an extensible Linux than can incorporate and cooperate various security mechanisms, and guarantee the validity of the kernel itself from the virtualization and security hardware layers. Embedded OS Information and Communication Technology

65 Advanced Integrated FY2005 (Completed Research) Development of integrated ubiquitous Basic technology research on sensing microsensor devices for peace and and computational theory of everyday Sensing security of human life life behavior for injury prevention Technologies Makoto Ishida Yoshifumi Nishida Professor, Toyohashi University of Technology Team Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) In this project, we developed highly integrated microchip This research establishes the bases of the technology for sensor-node (micronode) for ubiquitous sensor network observing not only a present state but also a one-step-ahead which is promising to realize peace and security of human life. state of individuals by integrating a ubiquitous and IT-based The 'micronode' is a complete wireless sensor node sensing technology for human behavior, a processing integrating plural microsensors and processing circuits with technology of large scale and complex human behavior data, radio-communication unit and wireless power receiver. By and an adaptive computational theory for the human this project, an innovative sensor micronodes were realized, behavior. This research contributes to establishing a basic which are released from power supply wires and battery life technology on sensing and computational theory of everyday problem. The developed micronodes can be applied to life behavior for injury prevention by applying the above healthcare monitoring of artifacts and human beings. observing and predicting technology to the field of injury prevention for children and elderly people in an applicative work-frame. This research wants to present a methodology for sustainably developing "a System of Everyday Life Knowledge."

Space gazer system for safety and Mobile-type ful-automatic multi-BWA convenience in living environment (Biological Warfare Agents) detection system

Koichi Kurumatani Jiro Yasuda Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Chief, National Research Institute of Police Science Science and Technology (AIST) The target of this research project is to realize space gazer The crime and terrorism using Biological Warfare Agents system that watches living environment in order to achieve (BWA) have become a big threat for our safety and security. safety and convenience simultaneously on a single software When incidences using BWA occur, quick detection, platform. Noticing the position of human user, we have identification and transmission of the information are the most realized an autonomous indoor navigation system that consists of 1) autonomous positioning system that estimates important to minimize individual and social damages. Our user's position in a robust way against noise and signals loss research is driving for the development of advanced in 2.4GHz ISM band, 2) navigation system that provides unification sensing systems for BWA. The systems are the convenience route guidance and that provides route forerunner of the world. It would be able to rapidly detect and Research Supervisor: information to emergency exits in ordinary and emergency identify many kinds of BWA at once only by injection of the situation respectively. Noticing motion of human user in suspicious materials into the portable equipment. Kiyoshi Itao addition to position, we have also realized remote human- motion monitoring system that measure and estimate human Professor, Tokyo University of Science motion by a small -size and light-weight mobile motion sensor. The estimated human motion information is transferred to remote users such as user’s family by using wireless cell phone IP networks.

FY2006 (Completed Research) Moving object sensing technology for Development of animal watch sensor security and safety system for human health and food safety

Tomomasa Sato Toshihiro Itoh Professor, The University of Tokyo Deputy Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) The project firstly realizes integrated sensing technology not We have developed wireless sensor nodes and networks for only to measure and accumulate behavior information of animal healthcare that contribute to human health and food human and machine but also to extract typical behavior safety. The "Animal Watch Sensors" which are miniaturized, pattern from accululated data. Then the project establishes light, flexible as well as self-sufficient sensor nodes have been noble service technology to realize personalized and situation realized by developing ultra low power MEMS sensors and adapted support in such a field as daily life, physical custom-designed LSI. Utilizing the sensor nodes, we have distribution and transportation as well as car driving. demonstrated an experimental poultry farm sensor network for a global avian influenza surveillance system, which is necessary to defend human beings from an influenza pandemic.

Development of odor sensor system The creation of safety monitoring for security network systems by mechanoluminescence sensors

Kiyoshi Toko Chao-Nan Xu Professor, Kyushu University Team Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) The project realized integrated sensing technology not only to This project was to develop for stress sensor devices to measure and accumulate behavior information of human and monitor wide area by detection capability that minute machine but also to extract typical behavior pattern from abnormality can be found by mechanoluminescence particles. accululated data. The project established noble service The mechanoluminescence particles are the particles that technology to realize personalized and situation adapted each microparticle can activate as a sensor element, support in such a field as daily life, physical distribution and transferring mechanical energy to photon energy. Based on transportation as well as car driving. this novel sensor, real time system for monitoring stress dangers (abnormality) and memory system for stress hysteresis had been developed, and then these systems could be tied up by network system to realize the safety monitoring system comprehensively in order to detect dangers sign of structural objects such as tunnels and pipelines.

66 OSOITE: Software infrastructure of Wearable integrated sensing system network sensing for real-world search of fundamental brain function to create information environment safe for the brain Yoshito Tobe Manabu Honda Professor, Tokyo Denki University Research Director, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry In Overlay-network Search Oriented for Information about The latest brain science has revealed that specific stress Town Events (OSOITE), we have achieved providing users of caused by inconformity between information environment and mobile phones with information about secure and safe the brain induces abnormal function of the fundamental brain actions in a usual urban life as well as in an emergency by region, which regulates various life activities. Abnormal utilizing the real-world overlay sensor networks. Specifically, fundamental brain function can induce various modern we have utilized human probes, in which sensing is diseases through abnormal functions of emotional, conducted by the mobile-phone users, as well as autonomic, hormonal or immune systems. In this research, conventional infrastructure networked sensors. We have also we intend to develop the wearable system sensing the developed a mechanism to integrate heterogeneous data fundamental brain function by integrating various vital signals called Tomu and have shown its validity at Tatebayashi City, for creating safe and comfortable information environment. Gunma Prefecture.

Development of a practical monitoring Multi-sensory communication, sensing system of urban infrastructure for the environment, and behavioral disasters and accidents navigation with networking of Parasitic Humanoids Yozo Fujino Taro Maeda Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Osaka University

The research project aims at developing and implementing a Parasitic Humanoid is a wearable robot in order to measure practical sensor network system to quantify the risk of the senses and the motion of the wearer, and induce the individual infrastructure through monitoring its hazard as well behavior using illusions with multi-sensory display. Networking as vulnerability. Toward this, such new sensing systems as of Parasitic Humanoids can support security and safety of optical sensing, electromagnetic sensing and optical fiber social human life. This technology will realize coordinated sensing are developed, and the state-of-the-practice sensors works assisted with multi-sensory communication, sensing are also fully utilized with the state-of-art network the unexpected environmental information from the wearer's technologies. Some of the sensing systems have been behavior, and personal and crowd behavioral navigation with installed in buildings and significant records during the supporting sensor network. 2011.3.11Tohoku Earthquake were obtained.

Portable high performance gas sensor Development of a physiological and system for hazardous gasses environmental information processing platform and its application to the metabolic syndrome measures Kazushi Yamanaka Ichiro Yamada Professor, Tohoku University Professor, The University of Tokyo

It is required for the safety of environment to rapidly and The purpose of this research project is to develop a novel sensitively detect many hazardous gasses. In this research, information processing platform to simultaneously record we improved the ball SAW sensor which accurately measures physiological and environmental data in one’s daily life and the effect of absorbed gas by using the multiple roundtrips of objectively confirm one’s lifestyle habits. Fundamental SAW on the surface of a sphere. Then, we developed a technologies in the areas of data collection using wearable portable sensor system for many gasses using ball SAW sensors and data mining for screening of health risks will be sensors with gas separation by chromatograph columns developed. As an example of the expected project outputs, prepared by micro fabrications. the relationship between various physiological and environmental data and the metabolic syndrome condition will be investigated and the results will be used to devise new strategies to improve patients’ lifestyle habits. Particularly, new concepts of personal healthcare services that could prevent and treat the metabolic syndrome condition will be proposed and the effectiveness of the new concepts will be verified by demonstration experiments. Advanced Sensing

FY2007 Advanced wireless communication technology for efficient rescue operations

Teruo Higashino Professor, Osaka University Information and Communication Technology

In this project, we consider situations where many persons are simultaneously injured in disaster such as earthquakes and train accidents, and propose an advanced electronic triage system for sensing physical condition of those injured persons and collecting their sensed data in ad-hoc wireless communication. The triage system presents dynamic change of injured persons' location and physical condition on monitors in real time. Our research aims to improve efficiency of rescue operations in disaster using the proposed advanced wireless communication technology.

67 Technology FY2005 (Completed Research) FY2006 (Completed Research) Generation of high-performance,ultra- Development of ultra-low-power fpga low-power, short-range wireless with fine-grained field-programmable Innovation and mobile information system threshold voltage control Integration for Tadahiro Kuroda Hanpei Koike Information Systems Professor, Keio University Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Power reduction of 1/1000 in short-range wireless data While FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) has been with Ultra Low communications and energy feeding was achieved to develop adopted as an important compornent in wide range of mobile information system where robots, cars, and cellular application fields from supercomputers to information phones are connected to wireless networks. Concrete appliances, increase of static power consumption caused by Power achievements of our projects were: inter-chip leakage current has become an important design issue in communications of 10Tbps/100mW, inter-terminal future FPGA. In this project, "Flex Power FPGA", an ultra-low- communications of 10Gbps/80mW in extremely-close-ranges power FPGA with fine-grained field-programmable control of and 100Mbps/1mW in short-ranges, as well as a power- the threshold voltage of the transistors, has been studied, feeding sheet of 1/1600 less power dissipation that enabled and its prototype chips and software tools have been battery recharge of moving terminals. developed, successfully demonstrating its concept and its basic performance.

Extremely low power system display Research on ultra low power SoC for by use of fine gate structure media processing

Hikaru Kobayashi Satoshi Goto Professor, Osaka University Professor, Waseda University

The purpose of the project is to achieve extremely low power This project has achieved the electric power reduction by thin film transistors (TFT) for operation of display devices by almost 1/100 of the current product’s one in the area of use of a low temperature Si oxidation method developed by multimedia information processing such as video, image, us, i.e., "nitric acid oxidation method". The quality of silicon audio and text. New innovative technologies has been oxide layers formed by the nitric acid oxidation method is developed to achieve this result. (1) Optimum algorithm to much superior to those for the conventional methods, which assign Error Correcting Code and/or Encryption Code to the enables the use of much thinner oxide layers as gate oxide, media content by taking account of the importance of the and consequently the electricity consumption of TFT could be information itself, (2) Low power circuit design and LSI Research Supervisor: decreased to 1/225. Moreover, by the fabrication of TFT with Implementation for video compression, error correction and fine gate structure and development of new circuit technology encryption functions by introducing a new algorithm and Takashi Nanya and architecture, the electricity consumption of system architecture. (3) High level synthesis EDA tool integrated with displays could be reduced to 1/9~1/50, leading to the Floor Plan design and a new configurable processor design. Adviser, CANON INC. decrease in the total electricity consumption to l1/2,000~1/10,000.

Optical routing network technologies Low-power, high-performance, that enable ultra-low power reconfigurable processor using single consumption flux quantum circuits

Ken-ichi Sato Naofumi Takagi Professor, Nagoya University Professor, Kyoto University

In order to attain wide penetration of various bandwidth- We research on a processor with a large-scale reconfigurable hungry broadband services in the future, both further network data path realized by using superconductor single flux performance advances and dramatic reductions in network quantum circuits. We develop basic technologies for a 10 power consumption must be attained. Photonic network TFLOPS desk-side computer which consumes about a technologies that utilize WDM and wavelength routing will hundredth of electric power compared to that realized by provide the solution. This project succeeded in creating next- using today's technologies. generation network technologies that can dramaticaly reduce power consumption exploiting photonic network technologies.

Hardware/software co-optimization Innovative power control for ultra for low-energy embedded systems low-power and high-performance system LSIs

Hiroaki Takada Hiroshi Nakamura Professor, Nagoya University Professor, The University of Tokyo

As a hardware/software co-optimization framework for Further performance improvement of system LSIs is limited minimizing energy consumption of embedded systems, we by increasing power consumption. We have developed fine- have proposed the concept of DEPS (Dynamic Energy grain power gating processors and power efficient Performance Scaling) and developped multi-performance accelerators. By using these hardware platforms, we have processor, ULP software development environment, and ULP successfully reduced power consumption by two orders of RTOS for its realization. We have also investigated on magnitude through tight collaboration and co-optimization of software development method for low energy consumption circuit implementation, architecture/compiler, and system and proposed a basic theory on low energy consumption software. algorithms.

68 FY2007 Strategic Integration of ultra-low power systems for ambient intelligence

Haruhisa Ichikawa Professor, The University of Electro-Communications

Ultra-low power (ULP) information systems are expected to bring us industrial and social innovations. This project will construct and demonstrate a ULP ambient intelligence system that infers and searches for event occurring in the real world. This includes the development of ULP wireless sensor nodes, and the public demonstration of the ambient intelligence system integrated with technologies developed in the ULP research area and ubiquitous network technologies targeting at post-IP era. The demonstration shows how the ultra-low power technologies contribute to the industrial strategies and the rich and comfortable human life in the future.

Ultra-low-power data-driven networking system

Hiroaki Nishikawa Professor, University of Tsukuba

This research is aiming at developing a data-driven networking system by which the coming networking environment can be achieved with ultra-low-power consumption 1/100 to 1/1000 of the present. In order to achieve ultra low power consumption, the research will ultimately utilize passive data-driven principle in realizing both (1)data-driven chip-multi-processor platform based on self- timed elastic pipeline and (2)networking scheme based on ad hoc network technology.

Optimum control of electrical power in IT systems by ULP networked sensing systems

Ryutaro Maeda Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Energy demands has been increased dramatically for IT systems, such as personal computers and IDC (Internet data center). Ultra Low Power (ULP) networked sensing systems are proposed to visualize the energy consumption of IT systems. Employing the visualized consumption maps, IDC control system is to be developed for minimizing energy consumption. Furthermore, social experiments are planned to establish the reduction method of all energy consumption for all IT systems including air conditioning facilities. Ultra Low Power

ULP-HPC: Ultra low-power, high- performance computing via modeling and optimization of next generation HPC technologies Satoshi Matsuoka Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Information and Communication Technology

The importance of High-Performance Computing (HPC) is now widely recognized; however, the rapid increase in power consumption beyond tradeoff for performance is regarded as critical. We aim to improve the power/energy vs. performance efficiency of HPC by 1000-fold in the next 10 years; our proposal, ULP-HPC (Ultra Low-Power HPC) will (1) apply autonomous performance tuning of system parameters based on sound mathematical foundations for power-performance optimization onto (2) new reed of HPC platforms including many-cores, vector accelerators, next-generation memory systems, etc., and (3) construct testbeds for verifying our approach including the utilization of TSUBAME, the No.1 supercomputer in Japan at Tokyo Tech., and furthermore (4) aim at optimizing HPC applications and their algorithms themselves for low power. The result will allow "shrinking" of current-day massive TSUBAME onto a desktop size, greatly contributing towards advancement of science and technology.

69 High Performance FY2005 (Completed Research) Hybrid simulations of complex liquid- Advanced model development and solid interfaces at nano,meso,and simulations for disaster Computing for Multi- micro range-scales countermeasures Scale and Multi- Shuji Ogata Keiko Takahashi Physics Phenomena Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology Group Leader, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology A suite of concurrent-type, hybrid simulation codes have The multi-scale multi-physics simulation code (Multi-Scale been developed for supercomputers by combining the Simulator for the Geoenvironment: MSSG) with ultra high- elementary simulation methods for various levels of physics speed computation has developed to forecast disaster, such ranging from the electronic structures to the fluid dynamics as a typhoon and local severe rain. In the MSSG, novel including the coarse-graining. Some of the codes have been computational schemes, micro cloud physics model with demonstrated to have the capability to run on a world-wide turbulence and an interaction model between ocean and computation grid. The hybrid codes have been applied to atmosphere, which was based on the results of experiments various engineering processes at liquid/vapor-solid interfaces in laboratories, were developed. It becomes clear that those including the friction of NEMS, the diffusion of atoms in schemes affect strongly forecast accuracy. layered materials, the flow in porous microstructures, the flow-induced vibration of ultra-thin sheets, and the flow with polymers.

Construction of nano-architecture A program system with hierarchical based on computational quantum quantum chemical methods for theoretical science accurate calculations of biological molecules Atushi Oshiyama Seiichiro Ten-no Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kobe University

In this research project, we have newly developed a real- Based on highly accurate ab initio theory, we have developed space scheme in the density functional theory to explore novel computational methods for biological molecules with electronic structures of nano- and bio-materials in close quantum mechanical (QM/QM) and molecular mechanical collaboration between materials-science and computer- (QM/MM) hierarchies. Reliable and robust simulation science groups. This allows us to perform first-principles techniques granted by the studies of low scaling and novel calculations for large-scale systems containing 10000 - wave function methods along with the cultivation of new 20000 atoms. Physical properties and new functions of nano- molecular properties provide the bases of modern science and bio-materials, including Si nanodots, naowires, and and technology which enable us to study electronic states, Research Supervisor: carbon nanomaterials, have been clarified. dynamics, and properties transcending the limitation of a Genki Yagawa field. Director/Professor, Toyo University

Global cloud resolving model Simulations and dynamics for simulations toward numerical weather nanoscale and biological systems forecasting in the tropics

Masaki Satoh Kimihiko Hirao Team Leader, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Special Advisor, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN Technology The global cloud resolving model which simulates the global In this study, we have developed a next-generation molecular atmospheric circulation with 3.5km-horizontal mesh is now theories integrating new electronic structure and dynamics available using the Earth Simulator. This model explicitly theories for simulating nano-bio systems and a high-speed resolves cumulus convection whose horizontal scale is a few molecular calculation software on Japan Next-Generation kilometers; the effects of cumulus convection is poorly Supercomputer-K. These theories and softwares enable us to representated in existing global circulation models. In this perform the quantitative calculations and simulations of nano- study, we succeeded in realistic simulations of multi-scale bio systems containing more than several thousand atoms, structure of tropical convection such as the Madden-Julian and make major advances to theoretical analyses of biological Oscillation, and tropical cyclones. The global cloud resolving functions and theoretical material designs of nano systems. model will play more important roles in numerical weather forecasting and climate study.

Theoretical studies of the charge Integrated predictive simulation transfer mechanisms in biological system for earthquake and tsunami systems with QM (MRSCI+DFT)/MM disaster methods Toshikazu Takada Mitsuhiro Matsu’ura Coordinator, RIKEN Project Professor, Institute of Statistical Mathematics

To learn a way of producing materials in industry efficiently For contributing to the reduction of earthquake and tsunami and safely from biological systems is considered helpful to disaster, we succeeded in developing an integrated computer solve the issue of the energy and environment crisis. In this simulation system to reproduce and predict the chain of project, a code for bio molecular simulations is newly earthquake-related processes, namely tectonic stress developed for understanding the mechanisms of efficient accumulation due to relative plate motion, earthquake charge transfers in the biological systems. As an application generation, seismic wave and tsunami propagation, and the of it, the electron transfer in the photosynthetic reaction shake of buildings. center will be studied for use of the solar energy in the future.

70 FY2006 (Completed Research) Multi-scale simulation of condensed-phase Simulation of complexes molecular High-accuracy hierarchical and reacting systems - developing coarse- systems utilizing hybrid molecular many-body schemes for materials graining theory and reconstruction method theories simulations of large-scale atomic data - Masataka Nagaoka Keiji Morokuma Masatoshi Imada Professor, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya Research Leader, The Fukui Institute for Fundamental Professor, University of Tokyo University Chemistry, Kyoto University Multi-scale simulation of condensed-phase reacting systems In the present research, we have made further development Based on the density functional theory and theories for has been realized to coarse-grain and reconstruct the atomic of hybrid molecular theories such as ONIOM and RISM-SCF strongly correlated electrons, we innovate first-principles data obtained by ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) already invented by the principle and co-principle simulation methods by accurately estimating Coulomb simulations for solutions, surfaces and biopolymers. We investigators, demonstrated the feasibility of applying such interaction effects. Hierarchies in multi energy scale and studied (i) coarse-graining techniques and coarse-graining hybrid methods to simulation of structure, reactions and diversity of material properties generated by competitions of evolution equations, (ii) reconstruction methods of dynamics of complex molecular systems such as nano, kinetic and interaction energies will be elucidated. We will nonequilibrium states via the maximum entropy principle, etc. biomolecular and solution phase systems, and actually replace the "single-particle approximation", which has played and (iii) QM/MM interfaces (Amber-Gaussian-IF and Amber- solved by simulation some of the important existing problems a key role in semiconductor electronics, with many-body Paics-IF) connecting molecular orbital theory and MD method, in these fields. quantum simulation methods, by which enable us to clarify and applied them to specific cases to establish the basis for "quantum and macroscopically collective behavior" and "giant practical uses of the multi-scale simulation of condensed- response" generated by strong electron correlations. phase reacting systems.

Scale interaction and large-scale Marine environmental simulation Multi-scale plasma particle simulation variation of the ocean circulation study for future projection of marine for the development of interplanetary ecosystems flight system

Hiroyasu Hasumi Yasuhiro Yamanaka Hideyuki Usui Associate Professor, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Professor, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido Professor, Kobe University Institute, The University of Tokyo University We clarified the physical mechanisms controlling the oceanic We will simulate marine environments to project impacts of Magneto Plasma Sail (MPS) is proposed as one of the mid-depth and deep circulation, by carrying out micro-to- global warming and ocean acidification on marine ecosystems innovative interplanetary flight systems. The propulsion of global-scale simulations for formation, modification, and and fishery resources. It is predicted that the carbon dioxide MPS is obtained as a result of multi-scale kinetic interactions transportation processes of the oceanic intermediate and emissions associated with human activities will increase the between the solar wind plasma and the small-scale artificial deep waters. Based on its understanding, we established atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, causing global magnetosphere created around the spacecraft. To examine effective and efficient modeling methods to evaluate warming. The ocean absorbs this carbon dioxide, which the multi-scale plasma interactions in association with MPS, influences of climate changes on large-scale ocean circulation affects marine biota through ocean acidification. We we will establish the foundation and the methodology for the and local-scale coastal environment. developed simulation techniques by integrating models multi-scale plasma particle simulations by combining Adaptive developed in various fundamental fields of ocean science. Mesh Refinement (AMR) and Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods.

Framework development for Multi-scale simulations for soft Hierarchical modeling of interactions multiscale and multiphysics matters among biomolecules simulations toward novel applications of superconductivity Masahiko Machida Ryoichi Yamamoto Akio Kitao Principal Scientist, Center for Computational Science and Professor, Graduate school of Engineering, Kyoto University Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo E-systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency According to the project plan, we have constructed a simulation framework in Softmatters, such as polymeric materials or particle We aim to construct the integrated simulation system for the order to create fundamental concepts and design their applications in terms of dispersions, possess unique characters. It is however very prediction of biomolecular complexes and the analysis of their superconductivity. More specifically, we have developed eigenvalue solvers, difficult to predict their properties theoretically because of functional mechanisms. This novel simulation method density-matrix renormalization-group, and quantum Monte Calro, and parallelized their codes in order to do massively-parallel simulations much beyond the their complexity. The aim of this project is to establish new gradually shifts from coarse-grained models to the finer- conventional scales. Among them, we emphasize that eigenvalue solvers and multi-scale simulation methods which enable us to grained ones, selecting more possible candidates from a density-matrix renormalization group codes running high efficiently on K-computer interconnect among microscopic, mesoscopic, and large number of model complex structures and then and other multi-core parallel computers are public as open sources via JAEA's macroscopic levels consistently. We have developed unique accessing a small number of candidates accurately. Thus we websites. In addition, we investigated atomic Fermi gases as an analogical reality simulation methods to be used for material design. intend to realize effective and accurate modeling of protein- of high-temperature superconductor in order to examine whether room- temperature superconductivity is principally possible or not, and succeeded in ligand and protein-protein interactions. predicting specific features of room-temperaure superconductivity. Furthermore, we have developed parallel codes to study quantum devices, THz lasers, and high-sensitive irradiation detectors. Among their issues, in THz laser simulations, we successfully made a multiscale simulation scheme to cover a remarkable difference in characteristic length scales between inside and outside the device. Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics

FY2007 (Completed Research) Research and development of DDS Highly accurate Order(N) Realizing super-accurate predictions and simulator computational method for gigantic giant-molecular designs: breakthrough of systems and material design for nano- frontiers of quantum chemistry with innovative bio systems methodologies in computational science Masuhiro Mikami Yuriko Aoki Hiroshi Nakatsuji Senior Research Scientist, Nanosystem Research Institute(NRI), Professor, Kyushu University Director, Quantum Chemistry Research Institute Information and Communication Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) In this research project, we developed a multi-scale simulation We develop a highly accurate computational method for Quantum principles like Schrödinger equation govern methodology for active targeting drug delivery system (DDS) calculating electronic states with electron correlation effect chemistry, biology and physics of matter, but have been consisting of a liposome and sugar chain. This simulation included for gigantic systems. By this basics methodology, believed to be insoluble for most actual systems for over 80 methodology based on the fragment molecular orbital the physical properties for nano～micro size under various years since their birth. Recently, a general method of solving method, molecular simulation and fluid dynamics enabled us external fields can be obtained and material can be designed these basic equations has been discovered by us. In this to do (1)design of DDS nanoparticle, (2)analysis of molecular from micro-viewpoint. On the other hand, we aim at project, this theory will further be advanced to realize truly interaction between lectin protein and sugar chain, and (3) establishment of the molecular design integrated system for predictive science and quantum chemistry with innovative flow analysis of DDS nanoparticles in a blood vessel, which next generation functional materials, through maintaining the methodologies in computational science. Our SAC/SAC-CI are essential for the DDS development. Also, we provided the system requirements on a large-scale PC cluster and enabling method will further be expanded to be seamlessly applicable basis for a general DDS design by developing DDS simulator to mount the next generation supercomputers. even to giant molecular systems in the designs of photo which integrates these simulation methodologies. electronic processes.

71 Simulation for predicting quake-proof capability of nuclear power plants

Shinobu Yoshimura Professor, The University of Tokyo

Recently importance of nuclear energy has been recognized again due to serious concerns of global warming and energy security. It is one of the critical issues to verify safety capability of ageing nuclear power plants subjected to big earthquake. In this research, we will develop a multi-physics and multi- scale based simulator of quantitatively predicting actual function limit of ageing nuclear power plants under operation or just after scram event subjected to big earthquake.

72 Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics Information and Communication Technology

73 Research Areas

Completed Research Areas: 40 Research Areas, 575 Research Projects

Keyword Research Area Research Supervisor First Year Project 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Page Material Phenomena Novel Measuring and Analytical Technology Contributions to the Elucidation and Application of Material Michiyoshi Tanaka FY2004 16 P76 Life Phenomena Novel Measuring and Analytical Technology Contributions to the Elucidation and Application of Life Phenomena Toshio Yanagida FY2004 14 P76 Digital Media Foundation of Technology Supporting the Creation of Digital Media Contents Hiroshi Harashima FY2004 12 P77 Quantum Information Processing Creation of New Technology Aiming for the Realization of Quantum Information Processing Systems Yoshihisa Yamamoto FY2003 12 P78 Brain Development Elucidation of Mechanisms Underlying Brain Development and Learning Tadaharu Tsumoto FY2003 15 P78 Sugar Chains Clarification of the Biological Functions of Sugar Chains and the Use of this Knowledge in Applied Technologies Naoyuki Taniguchi FY2002 16 P79 Tailor-Made Medicine Basic Technology to Establishing Tailor-Made Medicine by Utilizing Genome Information Takehiko Sasazuki FY2002 13 P80 Simulation The Innovation of Simulation Technology and the Construction of Foundations for Its Practical Use Norihisa Doi FY2002 17 P80 Nanodevices Creation of Ultrafast, Ultralow Power, Super-performance Nanodevices and Systems Hiroyuki Sakaki FY2002 10 P81 New Physical Phenomena Creation of Nanodevices and System Based on New Physical Phenomena and Functional Principles Koji Kajimura FY2002 11 P82 Nano Factory Nano Factory and Process Monitoring for Advanced Information Processing and Communication Kenji Gamo FY2002 8 P82 Nano Structural Materials Creation and Application of Nano Structural Materials for Advanced Data Processing and Communication Hidetoshi Fukuyama FY2002 9 P83 Bio-Devices Creation of Bio-Devices and Bio-Systems with Chemical and Biological Molecules for Medical Use Hiroyuki Sasabe FY2002 15 P84 Soft Nano-machine Creation and Application of "Soft Nano-machine", the Hyperfunctional Molecular Machine Hirokazu Hotani FY2002 10 P85 Self-organization Creation of Novel Nano-material/System Synthesized by Self-organization for Medical Use Koji Kaya FY2002 10 P85 Nano-Structured Catalysts Creation of Nano-Structured Catalysts and Materials for Environmental Conservation Makoto Misono FY2002 11 P86 Energy Conversion and Storage Development of Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Akira Fujishima FY2002 10 P86 Protein Structure and Functional Mechanisms Protein Tairo Oshima FY2001 17 P87 –Toward Creation of Innovative Medicines, Diagnosis, and Material Production Based on Functional Mechanisms of Proteins– Translational Research for Intractable Immune Disorders and Infectious Diseases Immune Disorders Tadamitsu Kishimoto FY2001 14 P88 –Aiming at Creation of Novel Strategies Through Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis– Information-Oriented New High-Performance Information Processing Technology Supporting Information-Oriented Society –Aiming at the Creation of New Hidehiko Tanaka FY2001 11 P88 Society High-Speed, Large-Capacity Computing Technology Based on Quantum Effects, Molecular Functions, Parallel Processing, etc.– Hydrological System Modeling and Water Resources System –Aiming to Develop Innovative Technological Systems for Predicting, Preserving Hydrological System Katumi Musiake FY2001 17 P89 and Utilizing Water Resources, Based on Consideration of Dynamic Interactions among Climate, Hydrological Cycle and Human Activities– Biological Systems Development, Differentiation, and Regeneration in Biological Systems Yoshiki Hotta FY2000 14 P90 Plants Plants Function and Their Control Akinori Suzuki FY2000 17 P91 Advanced Media Advanced Media Technology for Everyday Living Makoto Nagao FY1999 12 P92 Electron/Photon Function Evolution of Materials and Devices based on Electron/Photon Related Phenomena Takuo Sugano FY1998 14 P92 Molecular Assemblies Creation and Functions of New Molecules and Molecular Assemblies Hideki Sakurai FY1998 15 P93 Genomes Structure and Function of Genomes Michio Oishi FY1998 14 P94 Endocrine Endocrine Disrupters Tsuguyoshi Suzuki FY1998 17 P95 Resource Recycling Research and Development of System Technologies for Resource Recycling and Minimum Energy Requirement Masaru Hirata FY1998 16 P96 Understanding the Brain Understanding the Brain Motoi Kuno FY1998 7 P96 Protecting the Brain Protecting the Brain Hideo Sugita FY1997 13 P97 Creating the Brain Creating the Brain Shun-ichi Amari FY1997 12 P98 Global Change Mechanism of Global Change Tomio Asai FY1997 13 P98 Genetic Programming Genetic Programming Masami Muramatsu FY1995 23 P99 Host Defense Host Defense Mechanism Yoshiyuki Hashimoto FY1995 21 P100 Quantum Effects Quantum Effects and Related Physical Phenomena Dr. Shinji Kawaji FY1995 19 P101 Single Molecule and Atom Single Molecule and Atom Level Reactions Akio Yamamoto FY1995 19 P102 Extreme Conditions Phenomena of Extreme Conditions Masashi Tachiki FY1995 21 P103 Mechanisms of Brain Understanding the Brain (Mechanisms of Brain) Masanori Otsuka FY1995 19 P104 Better Environment Social Systems for Better Environment Performance Yoichi Kaya FY1995 21 P105

74 CORE RESEARCH FOR EVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Keyword Research Area Research Supervisor First Year Project 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Page Material Phenomena Novel Measuring and Analytical Technology Contributions to the Elucidation and Application of Material Michiyoshi Tanaka FY2004 16 P76 Life Phenomena Novel Measuring and Analytical Technology Contributions to the Elucidation and Application of Life Phenomena Toshio Yanagida FY2004 14 P76 Digital Media Foundation of Technology Supporting the Creation of Digital Media Contents Hiroshi Harashima FY2004 12 P77 Quantum Information Processing Creation of New Technology Aiming for the Realization of Quantum Information Processing Systems Yoshihisa Yamamoto FY2003 12 P78 Brain Development Elucidation of Mechanisms Underlying Brain Development and Learning Tadaharu Tsumoto FY2003 15 P78 Sugar Chains Clarification of the Biological Functions of Sugar Chains and the Use of this Knowledge in Applied Technologies Naoyuki Taniguchi FY2002 16 P79 Tailor-Made Medicine Basic Technology to Establishing Tailor-Made Medicine by Utilizing Genome Information Takehiko Sasazuki FY2002 13 P80 Simulation The Innovation of Simulation Technology and the Construction of Foundations for Its Practical Use Norihisa Doi FY2002 17 P80 Nanodevices Creation of Ultrafast, Ultralow Power, Super-performance Nanodevices and Systems Hiroyuki Sakaki FY2002 10 P81 New Physical Phenomena Creation of Nanodevices and System Based on New Physical Phenomena and Functional Principles Koji Kajimura FY2002 11 P82 Nano Factory Nano Factory and Process Monitoring for Advanced Information Processing and Communication Kenji Gamo FY2002 8 P82 Nano Structural Materials Creation and Application of Nano Structural Materials for Advanced Data Processing and Communication Hidetoshi Fukuyama FY2002 9 P83 Bio-Devices Creation of Bio-Devices and Bio-Systems with Chemical and Biological Molecules for Medical Use Hiroyuki Sasabe FY2002 15 P84 Soft Nano-machine Creation and Application of "Soft Nano-machine", the Hyperfunctional Molecular Machine Hirokazu Hotani FY2002 10 P85 Self-organization Creation of Novel Nano-material/System Synthesized by Self-organization for Medical Use Koji Kaya FY2002 10 P85 Nano-Structured Catalysts Creation of Nano-Structured Catalysts and Materials for Environmental Conservation Makoto Misono FY2002 11 P86 Energy Conversion and Storage Development of Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Akira Fujishima FY2002 10 P86 Protein Structure and Functional Mechanisms Protein Tairo Oshima FY2001 17 P87 –Toward Creation of Innovative Medicines, Diagnosis, and Material Production Based on Functional Mechanisms of Proteins– Translational Research for Intractable Immune Disorders and Infectious Diseases Immune Disorders Tadamitsu Kishimoto FY2001 14 P88 –Aiming at Creation of Novel Strategies Through Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis– Information-Oriented New High-Performance Information Processing Technology Supporting Information-Oriented Society –Aiming at the Creation of New Hidehiko Tanaka FY2001 11 P88 Society High-Speed, Large-Capacity Computing Technology Based on Quantum Effects, Molecular Functions, Parallel Processing, etc.– Hydrological System Modeling and Water Resources System –Aiming to Develop Innovative Technological Systems for Predicting, Preserving Hydrological System Katumi Musiake FY2001 17 P89 and Utilizing Water Resources, Based on Consideration of Dynamic Interactions among Climate, Hydrological Cycle and Human Activities– Biological Systems Development, Differentiation, and Regeneration in Biological Systems Yoshiki Hotta FY2000 14 P90 Plants Plants Function and Their Control Akinori Suzuki FY2000 17 P91 Advanced Media Advanced Media Technology for Everyday Living Makoto Nagao FY1999 12 P92 Electron/Photon Function Evolution of Materials and Devices based on Electron/Photon Related Phenomena Takuo Sugano FY1998 14 P92 Molecular Assemblies Creation and Functions of New Molecules and Molecular Assemblies Hideki Sakurai FY1998 15 P93 Genomes Structure and Function of Genomes Michio Oishi FY1998 14 P94 Endocrine Endocrine Disrupters Tsuguyoshi Suzuki FY1998 17 P95 Resource Recycling Research and Development of System Technologies for Resource Recycling and Minimum Energy Requirement Masaru Hirata FY1998 16 P96 Understanding the Brain Understanding the Brain Motoi Kuno FY1998 7 P96 Protecting the Brain Protecting the Brain Hideo Sugita FY1997 13 P97 Creating the Brain Creating the Brain Shun-ichi Amari FY1997 12 P98 Global Change Mechanism of Global Change Tomio Asai FY1997 13 P98 Genetic Programming Genetic Programming Masami Muramatsu FY1995 23 P99 Host Defense Host Defense Mechanism Yoshiyuki Hashimoto FY1995 21 P100 Quantum Effects Quantum Effects and Related Physical Phenomena Dr. Shinji Kawaji FY1995 19 P101 Single Molecule and Atom Single Molecule and Atom Level Reactions Akio Yamamoto FY1995 19 P102 Extreme Conditions Phenomena of Extreme Conditions Masashi Tachiki FY1995 21 P103 Mechanisms of Brain Understanding the Brain (Mechanisms of Brain) Masanori Otsuka FY1995 19 P104 Better Environment Social Systems for Better Environment Performance Yoichi Kaya FY1995 21 P105

75 Development of an Detection Technique of Studies of semiconductor quantum Novel Measuring Molecular-vibration and ESR Signal with an structures and exploration of terahertz Novel Measuring Atomic Scale Resolution for Low-dimensional technology and Analytical Material and a Single Molecule and Analytical Tadahiro Komeda Susumu Komiyama Technology Professor, Tohoku University Professor, University of Tokyo Technology Contributions to Contributions to Development of Femtosecond Low-voltage TEM/STEM for atomic level Timeresolved Scanning Probe characterization of soft matters the Elucidation Microscopy and Related Techniques the Elucidation and Application Kazutomo Suenaga and Application Hidemi Shigekawa Prime Senior Researche, National Institute for of Material Professor, University of Tsukuba Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) of Life Development of Multi-quantum Coherent Development of laser assisted wide ESR and Elucidation of Macromolecular angle three-dimensional atom probe and Phenomena 2004-2011 Structure its applications for device analysis Yuhei Shimoyama Kazuhiro Hono Professor, Muroran Institute of Technology Fellow, National Institute for Materials Science 2004-2011

Development of the Spatial- and Development of a multi-functional optical Time-resolved Structural Study sum frequency microscope Technique for Nano-materials and Devices

Masaki Takata Goro Mizutani Chief Scientist, RIKEN SPring-8 Center Harima Professor, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Institute Technology

R005 Electron Microscopy for Light Elements Imaging and Analysis

Kunio Takayanagi Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Developments of a New Solid State Spectroscopy by Use of Extremely High Michiyoshi Tanaka Coherent Soft X-rays Toshio Yanagida Professor Emeritus, Tohoku Professor, Osaka University University Kazumichi Namikawa Professor, Tokyo Gakugei University

Studies on Nuclear Resonant Scattering Methods for Materials Science

Makoto Seto Professor, Kyoto University

Development of Bulk-sensitive Spin- resolved Ultrahigh-resolution Photoemission Spectrometer

Takashi Takahashi Professor, Tohoku University

Development of High Sensitive Multinuclear Solid-state NMR for Material Research

Kiyonori Takegoshi Professor, Kyoto University

Development of Femtosecond Timeresolved Scanning Probe Microscopy and Related Techniques

Yasuhide Naito Associate Professor, The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries

Hydrogen Nanoscope

Katsuyuki Fukutani Professor, The University of Tokyo

Plasmonic scanning analytical microscope

Satoshi Kawata Professor, Osaka University

76 Development of High-speed Imaging In Vivo nano-imaging of movement of The Research of Ubiquitous Content Apparatus for Studying Nanometer Scale molecules in mice Foundation of Production Authoring System Dynamic Behavior of Protein Technology Toshio Ando Hideo Higuchi Masahiko Inakage Professor, Kanazawa University Professor, The University of Tokyo Supporting the Professor, Keio University Creation of New Principle Measurement Tools Biomolecular tomography with molecular Technology to Create Digital Public Art usingOptical-driven Nano Machine labels in the cell Digital Media

Koji Ikuta Atsuo Miyazawa Contents Michitaka Hirose Professor, Nagoya University Professor, University of Hyogo Professor, The University of Tokyo

Noninvasive Detection of Biomolecules Creating 21st century art form based on in Living Organisms by Magnetic 2004-2011 digital media Resonance

Masahiro Shirakawa Masaki Fujihata Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music

Development of a New Observation Fundamental Research for Contents Method for the Single Molecule Creation with Low Cost and High Dynamics of Protein Folding Efficiency

Satoshi Takahashi Shigeo Morishima Associate Professor, Osaka University Professor, Waseda University

Investigation on the Enviornment Expressive Science and Technology for Response of Biomolecule with Hybrid Device Art Localized SPR

Shigeru Aoyama Hiroo Iwata General Manager, OMRON Corp. Professor, University of Tsukuba

Research Supervisor: Development and Application of Development of Design Reuse Chemical Probes for Dynamic Technology for Nonverbal Time-Series Visualization of Biomolecules Hiroshi Harashima Media Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Tetsuo Nagano Haruhiro Katayose Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kwansei Gakuin University

Multi-target Development of RNA-based Mixed Reality Pre-Visualization As ‘Nanosensors’ and ‘Modulators’ Pre-Production Tool in Film-Making

Yoshikazu Nakamura Hideyuki Tamura Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Ritsumeikan University

Creation of Perfect Protein Crystals Development Support and Evaluation of On-line Games

Yusuke Mori Hitoshi Matsubara Professor, Osaka University Professor, Future University-Hakodate

The Development of the Noninvasive Technology which creates the advanced Quantitative Brain Functional Imaging space of new traditional arts using super Technique high resolution images and interactive biological objects

Yoshichika Yoshioka Yoichiro Kawaguchi Specially Appointed Professor, Osaka University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Observations of biomolecular structural Technology to Display 3D Contents into recognition process from highly Free Space accurate individual single molecular movies

Yuji C. Sasaki Hideo Saito Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Keio University

Measurement of biological-single- Platform Design for Emerging "People's molecule dynamics by carbon-nanotube Art" devices

Yoshikazu Nakayama Takeshi Sunaga Professor, Osaka University Professor, Tama Art University

Development of ns-nm Resolution Generation and Control Technology of Electron-Photon Hybrid Microscope Human-entrained Embodied Media

Kuniaki Nagayama Tomio Watanabe Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences Professor, Okayama Prefectural University (NINS)

77 Novel Quantum Information Processing Identification of Acquisition Mechanisms Creation of New with Photons Elucidation of Based on Language Function in the Technology Mechanisms Brain Nobuyuki Imoto Kuniyoshi L. Sakai Aiming for the Professor, Osaka University Underlying Brain Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Realization of Development Superconducting Qubit System Detection of Learning Potential and Neural Plasticity in Aged Brains with the Quantum and Learning BMI Method

Information Jaw-Shen Tsai Yoshio Sakurai Processing Research Fellow/Laboratory Head, NEC/RIKEN 2003-2010 Professor, Kyoto University Development of Quantum Computation Characteristic Properties and Systems System with Neutral Atoms Importance of Perceptual Learning in Infancy

Yoichi Sugita Fujio Shimizu Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced 2003-2010 Research Professor/Researcher, NTT/ILS-UEC Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Basic Research of Quantum Information Research on Developmental Brain Processing Using Atomic Ensemble Sciences in Infants

Yoshiro Takahashi Gentaro Taga Professor, Kyoto University Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

Quantum Entanglement Manipulation for The Role of Bodily Movement (action) on Quantum Information Networks the Development of Communication

Akira Furusawa Katsuki Nakamura Professor, The University of Tokyo Director, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Research and Development of Integrated Comprehensive Study on Learning Ion Trap Quantum Computer Systems Mechanism Dependent on the Yoshihisa Yamamoto Tadaharu Tsumoto Cerebellum Professor, National Institute of Senior Team Leader, Brain Science Informatics / Professor, Stanford Institute, RIKEN University Shinji Urabe Tomoo Hirano Professor, Osaka University Professor, Kyoto University

Quantum Media Conversion from a Mechanism of Post-injury Functional Photon Qubit to an Electron-spin Qubit Compensation of Neural Circuits

Tadashi Isa Hideo Kosaka Professor, National Institute for Physiological Associate Professor, Tohoku University Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Basic Research on Quantum Information Molecular Mechanisms of Postnatal Processing Using Molecular Internal Neurogenesis and its Influence on States Animal Behaviors Takamasa Momose Guest Reseacher / Professor, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology / The Noriko Osumi University of British Columbia Professor, Tohoku University

Quantum Entangled Photons and their Re-arrangement of Neuronal Circuits Application Systems in the during Development and during Communication Wavelength Band Recovery from Brain Damage

Junichi Nabekura Kyo Inoue Professor, National Institute for Physiological Professor, Osaka University Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Quantum Metrology with Ultracold Comprehensive Study on Neural Atoms Mechanisms of Emotional Development and its Disorders

Hidetoshi Katori Hisao Nishijo Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, University of Toyama

Molecular Spin Quantum Computers Integrated Elucidation of Critical Period Mechanism by Live Brain Imaging

Masahiro Kitagawa Takao K. Hensch Professor, Osaka University Group Director, RIKEN

Quantum-mechanical Cooperative Investigation of the Neural Mechanisms Phenomena and their Applications that Facilitate Development using AppliedBehavior Analysis

Seiji Miyashita Shigeru Kitazawa Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Juntendo University School of Medicine

78 Mechanisms Underlying Investigation on the Functions of Glycan Relating Sugar Chains’ Structures and Dopaminedependent Control of Clarification of Chains in Glycoprotein Quality Control Localization with their Biological Development and Execution of Functions Behaviors the Biological Kazuto Kobayashi Yukishige Ito Taroh Kinoshita Professor, Fukushima Medical University Functions of Chief Scientist, RIKEN Professor, Osaka University Sugar Chains Functional Architecture and Postnatal Elucidating the Functional Roles of Studies on the Roles of Development of Association Cortex Glycoconjugates in Cell-Cell Interactions Carbohydratemediated Signaling in and the Use of During Cancer Progression Acquired Immunity and its Application to Disease Control

Ichiro Fujita this Knowledge Reiji Kannagi Takeshi Tsubata Professor, Osaka University in Applied Chief, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Bio-communication between "Mother Studies on Development of Novel Expression and Regulation of Neuronal and Child" for Nurturing the Brain Technologies Glycotherapeutics to Control Infection Function through Glycosylation System and Symbiosis

Keiji Wada Makoto Kiso Yoshio Hirabayashi Director, National Center of Neurology and 2002-2009 Professor, Gifu University Unit Leader, RIKEN Psychiatry

Prevention against and Treatment for Functions of Glycoconjugates in the Cancer and Viral Diseases Membrane Microdomains in Pathophysiological Processes

Nobuto Koyama Koichi Honke General Manager, Takara Bio Inc. Professor, Kochi University

Functional Glycomics of Viral Infection and its Application for the Development of Antiviral Agents

Yasuo Suzuki Professor, Chubu University

Research Supervisor: Elucidation of the Roles of Glycans using Naoyuki Taniguchi RNAi Technology Endowed Chair, Osaka University/Group Director, RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute) Shoko Nishihara Professor, Soka University

Development of Recombinant Lysosomal Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Brain Diseases Based on the Specific Functions of Oligosaccharides

Kohji Itoh Professor, The University of Tokushima

Molecular Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes via Insulin Signaling in Membrane Microdomains

Jin-ichi Inokuchi Professor, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University

Analysis of Immunosuppressive Effect by Mucins in Tumor-bearing State and Clinical Application

Hiroshi Nakada Professor, Kyoto Sangyo University

Strategic Analysis of Carbohydrate Functions through Gene Knockouts

Kazuya Nomura Associate Professor, Kyushu University

Molecular Mechanisms of Aberrant Expression of Sialidase in Cancer and Diabetes and their Regulation for Therapeutic Purposes

Taeko Miyagi Director, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute

Production of Single Chain Antibodies against a Variety of Carbohydrate Epitopes

Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi Professor, Tokai University

79 Establishment of High-resolution Global Analysis of Factors Related to Basic Microarray CGH and Exploring Cryptic Carcinogenesis,Progression and The Innovation Chromosome Alterations in Cancer and Treatment Sensitivity of Colorectal Technology to in Patients with Genetic Diseases Cancer of Simulation Johji Inazawa Masaki Mori Establishing Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, Kyushu University Technology and Tailor-Made the Construction Multi-phased Investigation of Genomic Epidemiology in Hypertension and its Medicine by Associated Disorders of Foundations

Utilizing Norihiro Kato for Its Practical Genome Director, International Medical Center of Japan Use Molecular Dissection of the HNF- Information transcription Network and Identification of Genes Responsible for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2002-2009 Jun Takeda 2002-2009 Professor, Gifu University

Identification of Genes and Drug Development for Parkinson’s Disease based on Genome Analysis

Tatsushi Toda Professor, Osaka University

Characterization Human Disorders with a High-throughput Analysis of the Regulatory Mechanism for Gene Expression

Hiroyuki Mano Professor, Jichi Medical School

Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Collaborative Study to Identify Takehiko Sasazuki Schizophrenia Susceptibility Genes Norihisa Doi President Emeritus, International Medical Professor, Chuo University Center of Japan Tadao Arinami Professor, The University of Tsukuba

Identification of Susceptibilities of Sub-common Disease and Development of Personalized Medicine

Ituro Inoue Professor, Tokai University

Gene Diagnosis based on Self- assembled Bio-molecular Systems and Fluorescent Small Ligands

Norio Teramae Professor, Tohoku University

Trans-ethnic Genomics Study of Multigenic Disorders by Japan/France International Collaboration

Fumihiko Matsuda Professor, Kyoto University

Comprehensive Analysis of Chromosomal Copy Numbers and Allelic Gene Expression

Hiroyuki Aburatani Professor, The University of Tokyo

Identification of Genetic Basis for Development of GVHD

Seishi Ogawa Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

Genotyping Method on the Basis of Molecular-chaperone Engineering

Atsushi Maruyama Professor, Kyushu University

80 Multi-physics Simulator Using Particle Development of Bio-Simulation Systems Quantum Wire Lasers with Novel Device Method Based on the Fragment Molecular Creation of Performances Orbital Method Ultrafast, Seiichi Koshizuka Shigenori Tanaka Hidefumi Akiyama Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kobe University Ultralow Power, Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Super- Development of Super Parallel Realtime Simulation of the Space Realization of Organic Laser Diodes and Computing Simulation Systems for Weather the Device Physics Improving the Quality of Radiotherapy performance

Kimiaki Saito Takashi Tanaka Nanodevices Chihaya Adachi Chief Senior Scientist, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Professor, Kyushu University and Systems Professor, Kyushu University Research and Development of the Development of Modeling/Simulation Realization of Functional Photonic Multi- Scale Modeling of Rheological Environment for Systems Biology Devices Based on Low-Dimensional Phenomena in Biological Systems 2002-2007 Quantum Structures Masao Doi Masaru Tomita Shigehisa Arai Professor, The University of Tokyo Director General/Professor, Keio University Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Development of Software Infrastructure Development of Advanced Data Nano-processes by Slow Highly Charged for Large Scale Scientific Simulation Assimilation and Adaptive Simulation Ion-impact Methods

Tomoyuki Higuchi Akira Nishida Vice Director General/Professor, Research Shunsuke Ohtani Visiting Researcher, Chuo University Organization of Information and Systems Professor, University of Electro-Communications

Development of Simulators for Nano- Novel Methodology of Electronic Creation of Ultrafast Optical Memory scale Measurements of Materials Structure Calculations by Combining with Shift Register Function Properties Several Different Aspects

Satoshi Watanabe Takeo Fujiwara Hitoshi Kawaguchi Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Research Supervisor: Construction of a Platform for Robust Novel Nonvolatile Memory with Resonant Optimization based on Symbolic- Magnetic Tunneling Nanodots numeric Hybrid Computation Hiroyuki Sakaki Vice President, Toyota Technological Institute Hirokazu Anai Mitsumasa Koyanagi Researcher, Fujitsu Limited Professor, Tohoku University

Development of the Integrated Design Semiconductor Spin Engineering System for Materials Microstructure and Properties

Kiyohito Ishida Junsaku Nitta Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Tohoku University

Development of Software Framework for Single-Flux-Quantum Terahertz Simulation in Radiotherapy Electronics

Takashi Sasaki Akira Fujimaki Professor, KEK Professor, Nagoya University

Multi-professional Simulator for Ballistic Electron Devices of Super- Biomedical Study of Human Bone Hetero Nano-Structures

Naoki Takano Kazuhito Furuya Professor, Ritsumeikan University Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Development of Large Scale Molecular New Evolution in Nano-processes/ Orbital Calculation System on Grid Nanodevices Focused on MBE-grown InN-based III-Nitrides

Umpei Nagashima Associate Professor, National Institute of Advanced Akihiko Yoshikawa Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Professor, Chiba University

Development of Multi-scale and Multi-physics Simulator of Heart for Disease Care and Drug Discovery

Toshiaki Hisada Professor, The University of Tokyo

Study on Validated Numerical Simulation for Linear Systems

Shin’ichi Oishi Professor, Waseda University

81 Development of Fundamental Development of Fabrication Processes Creation of Technology for Spin Quantum Dot Nano Factory for Quantum Nanodevices in Carbon Nanodevices Memories and Process Nanomaterials Koichiro Inomata Koji Ishibashi and System Fellow, National Institute for Material Science Monitoring for Chief Scientist, RIKEN Based on New Advanced Nanoclusters: Control of Configuration, Formation and Characterization of Rotation, and Electronic States in Device Ultra-small Nanodots with Ultra-high Physical Structures Information Density

Phenomena and Yoshihiro Iwasa Processing and Masakazu Ichikawa Functional Professor, Tohoku University Communication Professor, The University of Tokyo Development of Diamond Ultraviolet Creation and Transcription of Reliable Principles Nanodevices Taking Advantage of Highly Macromolecular Templates based on Condensed Excitonic States Phase-separated Nano-structures Hideyo Okushi 2002-2007 Scientific Adviser, Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Tomokazu Iyoda 2002-2007 Science and Technology (AIST) Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Nonlinear Nano-Photonics Ultrafast Ultraparallel Nanomechanics

Satoshi Kawata Hideki Kawakatsu Professor, Osaka University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Coherent Quantum-Control and Surface Observation and Metrology of Information-Processing Technology High-Performance Material by Extreme Ultraviolet Microscope with Phase- Shifting Interferometer (EUVM/PSI) Kazuhiro Komori Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Hiroo Kinoshita Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Professor, University of Hyogo

Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Development of Nanofabrication Development of Atomic Technology by Entangled Photon Beams Stereomicroscope for the Analysis of Koji Kajimura Kenji Gamo Nanostructure Vice President, Japan Society for the Professor Emeritus, Osaka University/ Prominent of Machine Industry, Director Fellow, National Institute of information of Technical Research Institute Hiroaki Misawa and Communications Technology Hiroshi Daimon Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Creation of Novel Functional Devices High-functional Nano-three-dimensional Using Nanoscale Spatial Structures of Device and Process the Radiation Field

Hajime Ishihara Shinji Matsui Professor, Osaka Prefecture University Professor, University of Hyogo

Atom Processes in Solid/Liquid In Situ Characterization of Carbon Interfacial Reactions: Elucidation and Nanotube Growth Process for the Application Physical Property Control

Kingo Itaya Yoshikazu Homma Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Tokyo University of Science

Implementation of the Entangled States Using Superconducting Flux Qubits

Hideaki Takayanagi Professor, Tokyo University of Science

Carbon Nanotube Single Electron/Spin Measuring System

Kazuhiko Matsumoto Professor, Osaka University

Gigantic Spin Tunnel Functionality Atomically-controlled by Perovskite Interface Engineering Hiroshi Akoh Deputy Director, Correlated Electron Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

82 Basic and Applied Researches of Creation and Nanofabricated Superconductors Application of Takekazu Ishida Nano Structural Professor, Osaka Prefecture University Materials for Construction of Nanostructured Molecular Assemblies with Novel Advanced Data Electronic Functions

Processing and Hayao Kobayashi Communication Guest Professor, Nihon University Syntheses, Characterization and Application of Novel Carbon Nanotube 2002-2007 Materials Hisanori Shinohara Professor, Nagoya University

Construction of Nano-electronic Devices Based on Precise Molecular Design

Kazuyoshi Tanaka Professor, Kyoto University

Nano-scale Designed Surface Orientated Towards Novel Optomagnetomaterials

Atsushi Nakajima Professor, Keio University

Research Supervisor: Coherence Control of Correlated Hidetoshi Fukuyama Electron Systems Professor, Tokyo University of Science Naoto Nagaosa Professor, The University of Tokyo

Development and Application of Nano-Molecular Quantum Magnets

Masahiro Yamashita Professor, Tohoku University

Contact Effects and Transport Properties of Single Molecules

Yoshihiro Asai Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Principles of Nano-devices Based on the Internal Degrees of Freedom of Electrons

Sadamichi Maekawa Professor, Tohoku University

83 Generation of "Super Catalytic Delayed Fluorescence Bio-Imaging Creation of Bio- Antibodies" as Biological Nano-Materials Using Metal-Complex Probes Devices and for Health and Welfare Taizo Uda Kazuko Matsumoto Bio-Systems Professor, Prefectural University of Hiroshima Professor, Waseda University with Chemical Giant Porphyrin Arrays as Meso-Scopic Novel Cell-selective Gene Delivery Structural Motif of Molecular Electronics System Using Intracellular Signal- and Biological responsive Molecular System

Molecules for Atsuhiro Osuka Yoshiki Katayama Medical Use Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyushu University Development of a Novel Tissue A Method to Deduce Atomic Resolution Reconstruction Technique and the Next Structures out of Low Resolution Generation Biosensors Supramolecule Images in Biological 2002-2007 Systems Teruo Okano Kei Yura Professor, Chief, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Senior Scientist, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Design of Multifunctional Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Multisensors for Quantitative Detection of Biomolecular Interactions

Yoshio Okahata Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Development of Novel Nano-structured Device for Gene and Drug Delivery

Kazunori Kataoka Professor, The University of Tokyo

Research Supervisor: Molecular Machinery based on Polyoxometalates as Nano-sized Hiroyuki Sasabe Clusters President, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology Toshihiro Yamase Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Development of Anti-retroviral Vaccine Using Polymeric Nanoparticles

Mitsuru Akashi Professor, Osaka University

Creation and Application of Nano Bio-Physico-Chemical Architectures

Takehiko Kitamori Professor, The University of Tokyo

Development of Molecules Cognition System by Infinitesimal Bio-Sensors Aiming for Electronic-cell

Masaaki Shimizu Director, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Creation of "Nanochemical Probes" and their Biomedical Sensing Application

Koji Suzuki Professor, Keio University

Creation of Innovative Artificial Nucleic Acids Capable of Control and Detection of Genome — Based on the Most Advanced Technology for the Synthesis of Nucleic Acids —

Mitsuo Sekine Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

The High Throughput Creation of Disease Model Cells and the Analysis of their Function

Hideaki Matsuoka Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

84 Quest for the Origin of the Flagellar Production of Functional Biomaterials Creation and Motility Creation of with Topological Gel for Medical Use Application of Novel Nano- Shin-ichi Aizawa Kohzo Ito "Soft Nano- Professor, Prefectural University of Hiroshima Material/System Professor, The University of Tokyo Machine", the Synthesized by Creation of Nano Mechano-chemical Creation of Bio-mimetic Intellectual Machines based on Protein Molecular Material based on Programmed Hyperfunctional Motors Self- Self-assembly

Molecular Hiroyasu Itoh Organization for Tomoji Kawai Machine Senior Researcher, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Medical Use Professor, Director, Osaka University Molecular Mechanisms of the Functions Nanostructuring of Liquids at the of Protein Translocators Solid-Liquid Interfaces 2002-2007 2002-2007 Toshiya Endo Kazue Kurihara Professor, Nagoya University Professor, Tohoku University

Principle and Assembly of Bio- Development of a Programmable nanomachines that Produce Vibration Artificial Protein System for Nano- biotechnology

Ritsu Kamiya Kiyotaka Shiba Professor, The University of Tokyo Chief, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research

Construction of an Artificial Cell Nucleus Fabrication of Nanostructured Medical as a Gene-delivery System Devices Based on Self-organized Polymer Materials

Tokuko Haraguchi Senior Research Scientist, National Institute of Masatsugu Shimomura Information and Communications Technology Professor, Tohoku University

Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Studies on the Molecular Motors Protein Module: From Nano Assembling Hirokazu Hotani Working along the DNA Koji Kaya to Micro Multiplication Professor Emeritus, Nagoya University Director, WAKO Institute/Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN Yoshie Harada Fumio Tokunaga Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Osaka University

Development of Observation Methods Reaction Dynamics in Nano-Scale for Cellular Systems

Yoshinori Fujiyoshi Keisuke Tominaga Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kobe University

Nano-machines Modeled after Development and Medical Application of Fluctuations and Flexibility of Bio- "NanoLEGO" from Biomolecule Selected systems by Genome-wide Screening

Toshio Yanagida Yoshihide Hayashizaki Professor, Osaka University Chief Scientist, RIKEN

Studies on the Mechanism of Proton Development of Self-organizing Pump ATPase as Highly Efficient Molecular Systems for Chemical Nanomotors Translation of Biological Functions

Masamitsu Futai Makoto Fujita Professor, Iwate Medical University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Hierarchal Modeling of Bio- Nano Integration Process by the nanomachines: From Dynamical Biomolecule Nanotechnology Structure to Function

Shoji Takada Ichiro Yamashita Associate Professor, Kyoto University Chief Researcher, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

85 Transition Metal Catalysts with Defined Creation of Energy-conversion Devices Creation of Nano-structure to Transform Organic Development of Using Multi-dimensionally Ordered Nano-Structured Compounds in Water Advanced Matrices Yasuhiro Uozumi Kiyoshi Kanamura Catalysts and Professor/Team Leader, National Institutes of Natural Nanostructured Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University Materials for Sciences/Riken Materials for Developments of Highly Functional Development of Highly Functional Oxide Clusters for Green Chemical Nanotubular Materials and Their Environmental Synthesis Energy Application to Energy Conversion Processes

Conservation Toshio Okuhara Conversion and Tsuyoshi Kijima Professor, Hokkaido University Storage Professor, Miyazaki University Creation of Highly Controlled Nano- Development of Nano-structured 2002-2007 space Materials Photocatalysts with Visible Light 2002-2007 Response for Water Splitting Kazuyuki Kuroda Akihiko Kudo Professor, Waseda University Professor, Tokyo University of Science

Creation of Green Catalysts through Free Development of Field Effect Induced Interconversion of Organic-Inorganic Optically Functional Devices by the Composite Phase Integrated Nano-technology

Takashi Tatsumi Hideomi Koinuma Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Visiting Professor, The University of Tokyo

Creation of Highly Efficient Well-defined Creation of Thermoelectric Oxide Metal Oxide Surfaces Materials with Layered Structures through Nano-Block Integration

Wang Jae Chun Kunihito Koumoto Senior Associate Professor, International Christian Professor, Nagoya University University Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Creation of Molecular Catalysts with Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials Controlled Nanometer Space in with Photo-functonalities Via Self- Makoto Misono Homogeneous Phase Akira Fujishima assembly President, National Institute of Chairman, Kanagawa Academy of Technology and Evaluation Science and Technology/Professor Yasushi Tsuji Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Takayoshi Sasaki Professor, Kyoto University Managing Director, National Institute for Materials Science

Nano-structured Catalytic Systems Efficient Solar Water Splitting by a Using FY2003 Perovskite-type Oxides Composite Semiconductor Electrode with Interfacial Nanostructuring

Yoshihiro Nakato Yasutake Teraoka Professor, Visiting Professor / Professor Emeritus, Professor, Kyusyu University Kwansei Gakuin University / Osaka University

Novel Catalytic Functions of Carbon Development of High Critical Current Nanofibers with Optimized Surface Superconducting Materials by Nano- Structure Structure Control

Isao Mochida Kaname Matsumoto Professor, Kyusyu University Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Selectivity Control Procedures and Their Study on Electric-Energy Storage Use in Hydrocarbon Partial Oxidations Devices Made by Nano-Scale Materials Over Orderly Substituted Mixed Oxides at Nanometer Level Scale

Tatsuaki Yashima Jun-ichi Yamaki Guest Researcher, Miyazaki University Professor, Kyushu University

Nano-catalyst Based on Fine-controlled Nano-simulation of Electrochemical Metal Assembling Two-phase Interfaces

Tamio Ikeshoji Kimihisa Yamamoto Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Professor, Keio University Science and Technology (AIST)

Study of Nano-Environment to Realize the Optimum Molecular Properties

Shinichiro Nakamura General Manager, Computational Science Laboratory,Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc.

86 Analysis of the Ubiquitin-Mediated Identification and Functional Analysis of Protein Regulation of Protein Functions Proteins Mediating Cell Growth Control Structure and Kazuhiro Iwai Kazuyoshi Yonezawa Functional Professor, Osaka City University Professor, Kobe University Mechanisms Developing a New Approach for Structure and Function of the Protein High-throughput, High-accuracy NMR Complexes in the Synthesis of Nucleic –Toward Structural Analyses of Genomic Proteins Acids

Creation of Masatsune Kainosho Hiroyuki Araki Innovative Visiting Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University Professor, National Institute of Genetics Analysis of Dynamical Function/ Analysis of the Structure and Function of Medicines, Structure of Protein Molecules From Cell Cycle and Checkpoint Regulators Diagnosis, and Single-Molecular Experiment With X-rays Yuji C. Sasaki Noriyuki Sagata Material Chief Scientist, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Professor, Kyushu University Research Institute

Production Structural and Functional Analyses of G DNA-recognition and Ligand-binding by Protein-Coupled Receptors Using the Feast/Famine Regulatory Proteins, Based on Rhodopsin as a Model Receptor FFRPs Masashi Suzuki Functional Yoshinori Shichida Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Mechanisms of Professor, Kyoto University Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Quality Control Mechanism of Newly Analyzing Interaction among Protein Proteins– Synthesized Proteins in the Endoplasmic Molecules in Host Defense and the Reticulum Mechanism to Exert Function

Kazuhiro Nagata Teizo Fujita 2001-2008 Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Fukushima Medical University

Structural Basis of Protein Functions and their Regulation by Dynamic Complex Formation

Toshio Hakoshima Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Research Supervisor: Molecular Mechanisms of Recognition Tairo Oshima and Conversion of Stress Signaling Director, Institute of Environmental Microbiology, Kyowa Kato Co. Hidenori Ichijo Professor, The University of Tokyo

Principles and Regulatory Devices that Govern the Dynamic Behaviors of Proteins in the Cell

Koreaki Ito Visiting Professor, Osaka University

The Molecular Pathogenesis of Amyloidosis

Yuji Goto Professor, Osaka University

Elucidation of Physiological Functions of Intracellular Modulator Proteases

Hiroyuki Sorimachi Project Leader, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

Studies on the Structure and Function of Xenobiotic Efflux Proteins

Akihito Yamaguchi Professor, Osaka University

Intracellular Traffic System Organized by Proteins and Membranes

Tamotsu Yoshimori Professor, Osaka University

87 Understanding the Replication Cycle of Studies of the Mechanisms of Mucosal Translational Influenza Virus and its Application Infection and Modulation of the Host Defense New High- System by Pathogenic Bacteria, and its Research for Application for Controlling Infectious Disease Performance Yoshihiro Kawaoka Chihiro Sasakawa Intractable Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo Information Immune Processing Innate Immunity in Association with Generation of Ideal Pluripotent Stem Disorders and Human Incurable Diseases Cells for Clinical Application Technology

Infectious Tsukasa Seya Shinya Yamanaka Supporting Diseases Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Kyoto University Information- Conquest of Immune Disorders by –Aiming at Analyzing Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Oriented Society Creation of (IgLR) Functions –Aiming at the Toshiyuki Takai Novel Strategies Professor, Tohoku University Creation of New

Through Therapeutic Approach to Innate Type High-Speed, Elucidation of Atopy by Focusing on IL-18 Large-Capacity

Molecular Kenji Nakanishi Computing Mechanisms of Professor, Hyogo College of Medicine Technology Based Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathogenesis– Recognition/Signaling of Endotoxin on Quantum Effects, Molecular Kensuke Miyake 2001-2008 Professor, The University of Tokyo Functions, Parallel

Immunobiology of M Cells for the Processing, etc.– Development of Mucosal Vaccine

Hiroshi Kiyono 2001-2008 Professor, The University of Tokyo Research Supervisor: Infectious Disease Control by Tadamitsu Kishimoto Understanding the Strategy of Professor, Osaka University Pathogenic Microbes Affecting Host Immune System

Shigeo Koyasu Professor, Keio University Research Supervisor: Hidehiko Tanaka New Strategy against Infectious and Immune Diseases by Developing Professor, Institute of Information Generation of High Affinity Antibodies Security

Nobuo Sakaguchi Professor, Kumamoto University

Molecular Mechanisms of Malarial Parasite Infection of the Host Liver and Development of Novel Antimalarial Strategies Preventing Malarial Transmission

Yasuo Chinzei Visiting Professor, Mie University

Studies on Hematopoiesis and Immune Reactions in Liver

Atsushi Miyajima Professor, The University of Tokyo

Roles of Semaphorin Molecules in the Immune System

Hitoshi Kikutani Professor, Osaka University

A Novel Strategy of Immunoregulation with Regulatory T Cells

Shimon Sakaguchi Professor, Kyoto University

88 Development of All Silicon Quantum Modeling Global Hydrological Cycles Field and Modelling Studies on the Effect Computers Hydrological and World Water Resources Coupled of Forest Devastation on Flooding and System Modeling with Human Activities Environmental Issues Kohei M. Itoh Taikan Oki Yuichi Onda Associate Professor, Keio University and Water Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba Resources System Ultra-Fast Peta-Byte Information Storage A Simulation and Predictability Study of Development of a Physical Down Scaling Broad-Scale Hydrological Cycle Using a Method for Water Cycle –Aiming to Develop Hierarchy of Numerical Models

Mitsuteru Inoue Innovative Masahide Kimoto Toshio Koike Research Professor, Toyohashi University of Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo Technology Technological Dependable Mega-Scale Computing Sustainable Watershed Management in Effects of Rainfall Variability on Water Based on Ultra Low Power Technology Systems for the Yellow River Cycle and Ecosystem in Tropical Forest Predicting, under Asian Monsoon Climate Hiroshi Nakashima Tetsuya Kusuda Masakazu Suzuki Professor, Kyoto University Preserving and Guest Professor, Kyushu University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Polymorphic Molecular Interaction for Utilizing Water The Rangelands Atmosphere- Sustainable Water Policy Scenario for River Constructing Huge Memory Hydrosphere-Biosphere Interaction Basins with Rapidly Increasing Population Study in Northeastern Asia - countermeasure strategy to global Resources, hydrological variation in monsoon Asia -

Masami Hagiya Based on Michiaki Sugita Kengo Sunada Professor, The University of Tokyo Consideration of Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba Professor, University of Yamanashi Solving the Description Explosion System Modeling Approaches for Development of Stable Isotope Indices Problem in System Verification through Dynamic Assessment of Interactions Between for Assessing Health and Sustainability Structural Transformation Social Changes and Water Cycle of Watershed Ecosystems Yoshiki Kinoshita Interactions among Director, Research Center for Verification and Semantics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Kaoru Takara Toshi Nagata Science and Technology (AIST) Climate, Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyoto University

Base Technologies for Dependable Hydrological Cycle Study on the Interaction of Atmospheric Information Processing Boundary Layer and Precipitation System in Wet and Dry Region and and Human Improvement of Precipitation Forecast

Shuichi Sakai Activities– Kenji Nakamura Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Nagoya University

Multimedia Content Coding based on Parameterization of the Relationships the Fluency Information Theory 2001-2008 between the Water Cycle System and Plant Ecophysiological Properties in Boreal Forest Areas

Kazuo Toraichi Takeshi Ohta Distinguished Professor, University of Tsukuba Professor, Nagoya University

Elemental Technologies for Quantum Production of High Precision and High Information Networks Resolution Global Precipitation Map by Research Supervisor: Using Satellite Data

Shunichi Muto Katumi Musiake Kenichi Okamoto Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Fukushima University Professor, Osaka Prefecture University

Building Autonomous Federated Water and Energy Forcing due to Computing Systems Urbanization in Land-Atmosphere- Coastal System

Kazuhiko Kato Manabu Kanda Professor, University of Tsukuba Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Distributed Realtime Information Water Use and Management System of Processing for Humanoid the Mekong River

Toshihiro Matsui Hajime Tanji Acting Director, Digital Human Research Center, Team Leader, National Agriculture and Food National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Research Organization(NARO), National Institute for Technology (AIST) Rural Engineering(NIRE)

High Performance Dependable Development of Sustainable Sanitation Advanced Storage Systems System and Its Implementation to Asian Countries

Haruo Yokota Naoyuki Funamizu Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor, Hokkaido University

Risk-based Management of Self- regulated Urban Water Recycle and Reuse Systems

Hiroaki Furumai Professor, The University of Tokyo

89 Single-cell Patterning: Investigation of Organizing the Nervous System through Development, Regulatory Mechanisms of Cell Intracellular Pattering Differentiation, Polarization Tadashi Uemura Yasushi Hiromi and Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Natinal Institute of Genetics Regeneration in Study on the Development and Genetic Programs for Neuronal Diversity Regeneration of the Central Nervous and Brain Formation Biological System Based on the Stem Cell Biology

Systems Hideyuki Okano Humio Matsuzaki Professor, Keio University Group Director, RIKEN

Genetic Dissection of Neural Network 2000-2007 Formation

Hitoshi Okamoto Group Director, RIKEN

Clarification of the Mechanisms Underlying Germ Cell Formation and its Application to Mammalian Development

Satoru Kobayashi Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Signaling of Cell Migration and its Role in Organ Formation, and Application to Regeneration

Tadaomi Takenawa Professor, The University of Tokyo

Research Supervisor: Molecular Mechanism Generating Yoshiki Hotta Morphological Asymmetries President, Research Organization of Information and Systems Hiroshi Hamada Professor, Osaka University

Molecular Mechanism of Morphogenesis and Cell Differentiation during Development

Kunihiro Matsumoto Professor, Nagoya University

Mechanism and Regulation of Adipocyte de-differentiation or "transformation"

Takashi Kadowaki Professor, The University of Tokyo

Generation and Regeneration of Olfactory Neural Network

Hitoshi Sakano Professor, The University of Tokyo

Large-Scale Analysis of Novel Function of Specific Developmental Genes

Noriyuki Satoh Professor, Kyoto University

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Regional Specification, Topographic Projection and Regeneration of the Optic Nerve

Masaharu Noda Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Activation of Regeneration by Promoted Reentry into Cell Cycle

Keiichi Nakayama Professor, Kyushu University

90 Molecular Mechanisms of Gravity Molecular Mechanisms of Tobacco Plants Function Sensing in Plants Mosaic Virus Multiplication and Their Hidetoshi Iida Masayuki Ishikawa Control Professor, Tokyo Gakugei University Senior Researcher, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences

Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Network Controlling Key-Processes in Plant 2000-2007 Reproductive Development

Junko Kyozuka Masayoshi Kawaguchi Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

Circadian Clocks of Cyanobacteria and Functional Network of Plant Specific Plants Transcription Factors

Masaru Ohme (Masaru Takagi) Takao Kondo Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Professor, Nagoya University Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Dynamics of Plant Assimilatory Improvement in Quality and Quantity of Metabolism in The Post-Genome Era Seed Proteins

Kazuki Saito Ikuko Hara (Ikuko Nishimura) Professor, Chiba University Professor, Kyoto University

Development and Control of Genomic Photo-stress in the Cryosphere and Functions in Barley Maintenance Mechanisms of Boreal Forest

Kazuyoshi Takeda Toshihiko Hara Professor, Okayama University Professor, Hokkaido University

Research Supervisor: Metabolic Engineering of Starch Akinori Suzuki Biosynthesis Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Yasunori Nakamura Professor, Akita Prefectural University

Molecular Analysis of Chromosome Functional Elements and Construction of Artificial Chromosomes in Plants

Minoru Murata Professor, Okayama University

Intercellular Signaling in Plant Development

Kiyotaka Okada Professor, Kyoto University

Regulation of Plant-Induced Defense Mechanisms Against Herbivores

Junji Takabayashi Professor, Kyoto University

Regulation of Iron Nutrition in Plants

Naoko K. Nishizawa Professor, The University of Tokyo

Structure and Function of Novel Unknown Nitrogen Compounds Formed by Plants

Hiromichi Morikawa Professor, Hiroshima University

Regulation and Utilization of Primary and Secondary Metabolic Pathways in the Tryptophan Biosynthetic System

Kyo Wakasa Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture

91 Automatically Generating Multimedia Study on Coherent Quantum Dynamics Advanced Media Contents of Cultural Heritage through Function in Solid State Devices Technology for Observation Evolution of Katsushi Ikeuchi Yoshinobu Aoyagi Everyday Living Professor, The University of Tokyo Materials and Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Devices based Universal Design of Digital Cities Creation of the Best Performance 1999-2006 on Electron/ Superconductor Photon Related Hideo IHARA (Yasumoto TANAKA) Toru Ishida Group Leader, National Institute of Professor, Kyoto University Phenomena Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Expressive Speech Processing Fine Structured Diamond Electron Devices Formed by Controlling 1998-2005 Surface Adsorbates Nick Campbell Chief Researcher, Advanced Telecommunications Hiroshi Kawarada Research Institute Internationa Professor, Waseda University

Collaborative Learning Support System Interacting Carrier Electronics for the Advanced Media Society

Naomi Miyake Yoshiro Hirayama Professor, Chukyo University Manager, NTT Basic Research Laboratories

E-COSMIC: Embodied Communication Quantum-Scale System Integration System for Mind Connection

Tomio Watanabe Koichiro Hoh Professor, Okayama Prefectural University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Advanced Computing and NeoSilicon: A Novel Functional Material Communicating Techniques for for Future Electronics Makoto Nagao Wearable Takuo Sugano Information Playing President, National Institute of President, Toyo University Information and Communications Technology Masatsugu Kidode Shunri Oda Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Telexistence Communication Systems Nuclear Spin Network Quantum Computers

Susumu Tachi Masahiro Kitagawa Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Osaka University

Research on Advanced Technologies for Innovative Photon-Controlling Devices Enhancing Information Mobility Based on Artificial Optical Properties of Semiconductors

Jun-ichi Tsujii Yoshiaki Nakano Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo

Human-Centered Intelligent Information Photonic Function of Materials with Access Nanometer-Sized Structures

Koiti Hashida Deputy Division Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Arao Nakamura Professor, Nagoya University

Analogical Mapping Method for Machine Interactive Control of Photonic and Translation and Sentence Generation Electronic Wave Packets based on Semantic Typology

Satoru Ikehara Roy Lang Professor, Tottori University Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Research on Digital Human Spin-Injection as a Base of the Spin- Technologies Charge Coupled Electronic Devices

Takeo Kanade Division Director, National Institute of Advanced Yoshishige Suzuki Industrial Science and Technology Professor, Osaka University

Interactive Methods in Information The Control of Optical States for Space Based on Association Practical Quantum Cryptography

Akihiko Takano Kazuo Nakamura Professor, National Institute of Informatics Deputy Director-General, National Institute for Materials Sciences

92 Ultimate Control of Light by Photonic Total Construction of Energy Conversion Construction of Molecular Device for Bandgap Crystals and Its Application to Creation and and Signal Transduction Systems in Chemical Energy Conversion Novel Functional Devices Functions of Biology Susumu Noda Yoshiaki Kobuke Koji Tanaka Professor, Kyoto University New Molecules Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences and Molecular Opto-Electronics Using Strongly Development of Next Generation Creation of Giant Pi-Electronic Systems Correlated Electronic System of Process of Transformation Composed by Carbon Atoms of Perovskite-type Assemblies Mixed Hybridization Transition-Metal Oxides Eiichi Hanamura Professor, Tamotsu Takahashi Yoshito Tobe Chitose Institute of Science and Technology 1998-2005 Professor, Hokkaido University Professor, Osaka University

Functional Control of Membrane-bound Preparation and Characterization of Proteins based on Assembly Formation Organic Nanocrystals and their Hetero- Nanostructures

Kazuo Tachibana Hachiro Nakanishi Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tohoku University

Development of Inorganic Supramolecular Systems for Energy Conversion

Kazunari Domen Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Syntheses of the Cooperative Hyper Helical Polymers and Understanding of Structure-Property-Functionaly Relationship

Michiya Fujiki Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Research Supervisor: Total Synthesis of Natural Products of Highly Ordered Structure; Exploration Hideki Sakurai and Creation of Anticancer-Active Sub Professor Emeritus, Tohoku University Isao Kuwajima Professor, The Kitasato University

Development of Efficient Synthetic Routes to Hybrid Natural Products of Biological Importance

Keisuke Suzuki Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Self-Organization of Inorganic Nanocrystals and Polymers, and Creation of Materials Derived from Living Tissues

Junzo Tanaka Center Chief, National Institute for Materials Science

Development of Efficient and Selective Catalytic Systems Composed of Organic and Inorganic Complexes in Photoinduced Electron

Shunichi Fukuzumi Professor, Osaka University

Self-Evolutional Nano-Structure in Polymer Systems: Exotic Functions with Unique High-Ordered Structure

Ken-ichi Yoshikawa Professor, Kyoto University

Construction of Multifunctional Catalysts for New-Generation Synthesis

Tsutomu Katsuki Professor, Kyushu University

Functional High-Axial-Ratio Nanostructure Assembly for Nano-Space Engineering

Toshimi Shimizu Center Chief, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

93 Mammalian-specific Genomic Function Isolation and Analysis of Disease- Structure and Related Genes Through Chromosomal Function of Translocation and Minute Deletion Fumitoshi Ishino Norio Niikawa Genomes Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, Nagasaki University

The Regulation of Genomic Plasticity Genomic Structure and Function of 1998-2005 through Genetic Recombination Clustered Cadherin Family

Takehiko Shibata Takeshi Yagi Director, RIKEN Professor, Osaka University

Apoptosis and Genome

Shigekazu Nagata Professor, Osaka University

Functional Genomics in Organogenesis

Kenichi Matsubara Academic Counselor, International Institute for Advanced Studies

Systematic Functional Analysis of Escherichia Coli Genome

Hirotada Mori Professor, Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Research Supervisor: Mechanism of Genome Protection Michio Oishi Through p53 Director, Kazusa DNA Research Institute Yoichi Taya Division Chief, National Cancer Center Research Institute

Molecular Mechanism of Maintenance of Genomic Information

Fumio Hanaoka Director, RIKEN

Nanochip Technology and its Application to Genome Analysis

Yoshinobu Baba Professor, Nagoya University

Analysis of Nuclear Structures Ensuring the Genome Stability

Yasushi Hiraoka Group Leader, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

Chemical and Genetic Studies on Localization and Modification of Nuclear Factors

Minoru Yoshida Director, RIKEN

Development of a New Method to Improve the Efficiency of Gene Targeting in Higher Eukaryotic Cells

Shunichi Takeda Professor, Kyoto University

Systematic Study of Genome Function by Analysing Klotho Mutant Mice, an Animal Model for Human Aging

Yo-ichi Nabeshima Professor, Kyoto University

94 Methods of Analysis for Chemicals that Development of High Sensitive Mass Endocrine Promote/Disrupt Cellular Signaling Spectrometer and Analysis of Endocrine Disrupters Disrupters Yoshio Umezawa Itsuo Katakuse Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor Emeritus, Osaka University 1998-2005 Interaction between Plant-derived and Environmental Hormones Disrupting Man-made Xenoestrogens Actions of Neurosteroids in the Brain

Fujio Kayama Suguru Kawato Professor, Jichi Medical School Professor, The University of Tokyo

Effects of Endocrine Disrupters on Novel Types of Endocrine Disrupters in Reproductive Functions in Mammals Atmosphere including Humans

Osamu Tsutsumi Ken Takeda Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo University of Science

Elucidation of Endocrine Disrupting Molecular Mechanisms of Endocrine Mechanism of Dioxin and Related Disrupter Action in Fish Reproductive Compounds for Health Risk Assessment Endocrine Systems

Chiharu Tohyama Yoshitaka Nagahama Director, National Institute for Environmental Studies Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Nuclear Receptor- Transcription Establishment of Databases for Genes Cofactors Complex and Endocrine Affected by Low Doses of Endocrine Disrupters Disrupters in Reproductive System

Hajime Nawata Kaoru Miyamoto Professor, Kyushu University Professor, University of Fukui

Research Supervisor: Mechanisms of Action of Endocrine Disrupters and Development of Tsuguyoshi Suzuki Monitoring System for Endocrine Disrupters Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama Guest Professor, University of Tsukuba

Elucidation of Mechanisms of Sexual Differentiation

Ken-ichirou Morohashi Professor, Okazaki National Research Institutes

Oncogene Products DJ-1 and AMY-1 Participate in Abnormalities of Spermatogenesis Caused by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

Hiroyoshi Ariga Professor, Hokkaido University.

Developmental Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Animals: Special Reference to Developmental Endocrinology

Taisen Iguchi Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Male Reproductive Function

Teruaki Iwamoto Proffessor, St. Marianna University School of Medicine

Effects of Endocrine Disrupters on Meiosis and Homologous Recombination

Masahiko Kuroda Assistant professor, Tokyo Medical University

Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Functional Developments of the Brain and their Molecular Mechanisms

Yo-ichiro Kuroda Guest Researcher, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience

95 Elucidation of Interfacial Ion Transfer for Thin Layer Silicon Solar Cells Using New Research and High-power Energy Conversion Chemical Bonds Understanding Development of Devices the Brain Zempachi Ogumi Hikaru Kobayashi System Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Osaka University Technologies for 1998-2005 Development of Forest Resources with Development of High Performance High Performance for Paper Recycling Natural Gas Reforming System for Home Resource Use Fuel Cells

Recycling and Toshihiro Ona Hitoshi Takamura Minimum Energy Associate Professor, Kyushu University Associate Professor, Tohoku University Permafrost Disturbance and Induced Energy and Material Co-production Requirement Emission of Green-house Gases Systems for Minimizing the Exeregy Loss — Tasks for predictive and controlling and CO2 Emission technique establishment —

Masami Fukuda Atsushi Tsutsumi 1998-2005 Professor, Hokkaido University Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

Energy Efficient Polymer Processing Development of Resources Recycling Development Type Urban Wastewater and Solid Waste Processing System

Jun Magoshi Hiroshi Tsuno Researcher, National Institute of Agrobiological Professor, Kyoto University Sciences

A Sustainable CO2 Fixation System by Afforestation on Arid Land

Kouichi Yamada Professor, Shinshu University

Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Development of Resourse Recycling and Low Emission Type Material Masaru Hirata Production using Environmentally Motoi Kuno Friendly Function Fluid President, Shibaura Institute of Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University/ Technology Professor Emeritus, National Institutes of Yutaka Ikushima Natural Sciences Deputy Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology

Micro Gas Turbine/Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid Cycle for Distributed Energy System

Kenjiro Suzuki Professor, Shibaura Institute of Technology

Functionality Control and Circulation of Phytomaterials

Masamitsu Funaoka Professor, Mie University

Development of Information Technology for Public Acceptance on Environment

Itaru Yasui Vice-Rector, United Nations University

Development of High-Temperature- Operating Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Masahiro Watanabe Professor, Yamanashi University

Development of Artificial Photosynthetic System Using Water as Electron Source

Haruo Inoue Dean, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University

Design of Quasi-3-dimensional Interface for Electrochemical Energy Conversion

Ken-ichiro Ota Professor, Yokohama National University

96 Quest for Molecular Mechanisms Molecular Basis for Delayed Neuronal Identification of New Player(s) in Prion Underlying Synaptic Plasticity in Protecting the Death Replication; toward the Development of Inhibitory Novel Therapeutic Approaches Synapses and Its Therapeutic Applications Brain Shiro Konishi Takaaki Kirino Kiyotoshi Kaneko Chief and Professor, Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Professor, The University of Tokyo Director, National Center of Neurology and Life Sciences 1997-2004 Psychiatry Dual Receptor System of Lipid Mediators Aberrant Neural Transmission in in the Brain Function Schizophrenia

Takao Shimizu Tetsuya Suhara Professor, The University of Tokyo Senior Researcher, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)

Systematic Identification and Functional Ca Channel Gene Mutations and Assay of Regulatory Genes for Neurological Disorder Early Brain Development

Masanori Taira Tsutomu Tanabe Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University

Mechanisms Underlying Involvement of Study of Molecular Pathogenesis of Neural Activities in Network Formation Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Tadaharu Tsumoto Yoshihide Tsujimoto Professor, Osaka University Professor, Osaka University

Assembly and Disassembly of Functional Investigation into the Mechanism of Membrane Molecules and Regulatory Neuronal Growth Regulation Mechanism for Neurotransmission

Ryuichi Shigemoto Keiichi Nakayama Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences Professor, Kyushu University

Research Supervisor: Revealing Functional Organization of Molecular Basis of the Loss of Neuronal Prefrontal Cortex as a Control System Plasticity in the Aged Brain for Behavioral Control Hideo Sugita Director Emeritus, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Jun Tanji Nozomu Mori Professor, Tohoku University Director, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS)"

Presynaptic Mechanisms of Learning Brain Barrier Efflux Transport as a and Memory System for Cerebral Detoxification

Hiromu Yawo Tetsuya Terasaki Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Tohoku University

Development of a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Ischemia Mediated Neuronal Cell Death

Masaya Tohyama Professor, Osaka University

Analysis of the Mechanism of Virus- induced Brain Damage and the Develop- ment of Effective Therapy for Viral Disorders in the Central Nervous System

Kazuo Nagashima Professor, Hokkaido University

Mechanisms Protecting Brain and Neuronal Cells from Damage Caused by Reactive Oxygen Species

Yusaku Nakabeppu Professor, Kyushu University

cDNA Microarray for Genetic Muscular Disorders; a Novel Molecular Pathological Approach

Kiichi Arahata (Ichizo Nishino) Director, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry

Development of Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Neurodegenerations, based on Molecular Mechanical Analyses

Akira Kakizuka Professor, Kyoto University

97 Modeling Spatio-temporal Computation Kuroshio Fluctuation Prediction Creating the Dynamics in the Brain and its Hardware Mechanism of Experiment Brain Implementation Global Change Kazuyuki Aihara Shiro Imawaki Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kyushu University 1997-2004 1997-2004 Analysis of Human Higher Brain Ocean Time Series Observation for Functions Biogeochemical Process Study in the Northwestern Pacific

Tsunehiro Takeda Yukihiro Nojiri Professor, The University of Tokyo Head, National Institute for Environmental Studies

A New Image Processing System for Development of Vertical Profile Brain-like Information Processing Measurement System Equipped with a Superconductive Receiver for Ozone and Other Minor Constituents

Mitsumasa Koyanagi Yasuo Fukui Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Nagoya University

The Construction of a Language Project for Establishment of Plant Acquisition Device Based on Language Production Estimation Using Remote Function in the Brain Sensing

Kuniyoshi L. Sakai Yoshiaki Honda Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor, Chiba University

Development of a Speech and Sound Clarification of the Actual Condition of Manipulation System based on Sea Ice in the Sea of Okhotsk and its Principles of Auditory Scene Analysis Role in the Climate System

Hideki Kawahara Masaaki Wakatsuchi Professor, Wakayama University Professor, Hokkaido University

Research Supervisor: Research Supervisor: Elucidation of the Cerebellar Mechanism Research and Observation on the in Motor Learning Control Mechanisms of Atmosphere-Ecosphere Shun-ichi Amari Tomio Asai Interaction in Tropical Forest Canopy Director, RIKEN Brain Science Institute Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo Soichi Nagao Tohru Asano (Tohru Nakashizuka) Associate Professor, Jichi Medical School Professor, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature

Development of Brain-Informatics Variability in Marine Aerosol Properties Machines through Dynamical Connection and Its Impact on Climate Change of Autonomous Motion Primitives

Yoshihiko Nakamura Mitsuo Uematsu Professor, The University of Tokyo Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

Modeling the Neural Substrates for Development of Modeling and Satellite Temporal Information Processing Remote Sensing of Atmosphere-Land Interaction

Tomoki Fukai Toshio Koike Professor, Tamagawa University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Task Planning Mechanism of Speech Studies on Structure and Formation/ Motor Control Development Mechanisms of Mesoscale Convective Systems

Masaaki Honda Masanori Yoshizaki Professor, Waseda University Head of Department, Meteorological Research Institute

Artificial Hand-brain System Based on Investigation of Atmospheric Reaction Sensory-Motor Fusion Theory Mechanism Using Chemical Perturbation Technique

Masatoshi Ishikawa Yoshizumi Kajii Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University

Metalearning, Neuromodulation and Development of a Real-time Ocean Emotion Primary Productivity Observation System for Advanced Utilization of Ocean Color Satellites Kenji Doya Supervisor, Advanced Telecommunications Toshiro Saino Research Institute International Professor, Nagoya University

Design Theory of Emergent Intelligence Asian Atmospheric Particle Environment based on the Information Dynamics in Change Studies the Hippocampus

Yoko Yamaguchi Teruyuki Nakajima Team Leader, RIKEN Professor, The University of Tokyo

98 Influence of the Solar Irradiance and Molecular Mechanisms of Activation of Programming Basis of Unidirectional Magnetic Field on the Variability of the Genetic Replication Machinery and Gene Reactions Earth Expression During Growth Factor- Programming Induced Cell Proliferation Hirokazu Yoshimura Ken-ichi Arai Kazuhiko Kinoshita Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Okazaki National Research Institutes 1995-2002 Cell Proliferation Control Structural Biological Study of Transcription Network of Hyper- Thermophilic Archaeabacteria

Masashi Suzuki Takeo Kishimoto Group Leader, National Institute of Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Genetic Program for Development of the Attempts to Identify Novel Genes Nematode C.Elegans Regulating a Process of Human Colorectal Carcinogenesis Using Mouse Molecular Genetics Yuji Kohara Tetsuo Noda Professor, National Institute of Genetics Professor, Tohoku University, Member and Chief, Cancer Institute

Molecular Mechanism of Aging Analysis of Higher Order Complexes Essential for Chromosome Regulation during the Cell Cycle

Yo-ichi Nabeshima Mitsuhiro Yanagida Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Kyoto University

Molecular Mechanism for Left-Right Cellular Mechanisms That Support Determination Transmembrane Dynamism of Proteins

Hiroshi Hamada Koreaki Ito Professor, Osaka University Professor, Kyoto University

Research Supervisor: The Development of a High-Speed Genome Regulation of Signal Transduction Scanning Method and its Application to Network by Domain Engineering Masami Muramatsu Explore Groups of Genes Controlling Genetic Back-ground in Various Organisms Director, Saitama Medical University Research Center for Genomic Medicine Yoshihide Hayashizaki Fuyuhiko Inagaki Project Director, RIKEN Professor, Hokkaido University

Dynamics of Organelle Assembly and Construction of Mammalian Artificial Regulation of Cell Function Chromosomes (MACs) and Application of the MACs to Make Transgenic Animals

Yukio Fujiki Tuneko Okazaki Professor, Kyushu University Professor, Fujita Health University

Novel Signal Transduction Pathways Nuclear Steroid Hormone Receptor Regulating Cell Development Controlling Gene Expression

Kunihiro Matsumoto Shigeaki Kato Professor, Nagoya University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation of Gene Expression by Organogenesis in vitro Nuclear Factors

Makoto Asashima Taka-aki Tamura Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Chiba University

Global Regulation for the Formation of Function and Biogenesis of Acidic Gene Transcription Hierarchy Organelles

Akira Ishihama Masamitsu Futai Vice-Director, Professor, National Institute of Professor, Osaka University Genetics

Molecular Mechanisms of Genomic Structural Biological Analysis of the Imprinting Mechanism of Proton Pumpings in Mitochondria

Mitsuo Oshimura Shinya Yoshikawa Professor, Tottori University Professor, Himeji Institute of Technology

Advanced Stable Isotope Aided NMR Techniques and Their Applications to Structural Biology

Masatsune Kainosho Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University

99 Studies on Host Defense Mechanisms Analysis of molecular mechanism of the Host Defense by Gene Targeting host response to insect viruses and its Mechanism application Shizuo Akira Susumu Maeda Professor, Osaka University Chief Scientist, RIKEN 1995-2002 Calcium Signalling Research with Molecular Analysis of the Mechanism of Advancement of Imaging and Molecular Inflammation Focusing on Interleukin Genetic Methods 8 and Cell Adhesion Molecules

Masamitsu Iino Kouji Matsushima Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo

Chemical Approaches to the Elucidation Research on Transcriptional Regulation of Plant Defense Mechanisms via Mediators

Hajime Iwamura Shunsuke Ishii Professor, Kyoto University Chief Scientist, RIKEN

Construction of the Molecular Network Gene Silencing in Plant Self-defense among Immune, Neuro and Endocrine Mechanisms Systems

Yuko Ohashi Ko Okumura Associate director for research, Professor, Juntendo University National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences

Mechanisms of Immune Destruction in Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Volume Persistent Human Virus-associated Regulation and the Protection against Diseases and Its Prevention Volume Regulatory Dysfunction

Mari Kannagi Yasunobu Okada Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, Okazaki National Research Institutes

Research Supervisor: Analysis of Immunoregulatory Studies on the Carbohydrate Mediated Yoshiyuki Hashimoto Mechanism via Fc Receptors Host Defense System President, Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy Toshiyuki Takai Toshisuke Kawasaki Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Kyoto University

Stress Response as an Universal Molecular Basis for the Framework Defense Mechanism Formation of Immune System and for the Regulation of Immune Response

Kazuhiro Nagata Takehiko Sasazuki Professor, Kyoto University Director, International Medical Center of Japan

Insect Defense Molecules and Future Molecular Basis for the Xenobiotic Drugs Based on Them Detoxification System

Shunji Natori Yuichi Sugiyama Invited Researcher, RIKEN Professor, The University of Tokyo

Molecular Mechanism of Cytokine Molecular Mechanisms for Differentiation Dysfunction and Gene Therapy and Self-renewal of the Hemato Poietic Stem Cell

Kazuo Sugamura Hiromitsu Nakauchi Professor, Tohoku University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Molecular Mechanisms of Immunological Recognition by a Supramolecular System

Keiji Tanaka Department Director, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

Molecular Mechanism on Autoimmune Regulation

Masaru Taniguchi Professor, Chiba University

Cancer Risk from Chemicals in Our Environment: Experimental Approaches to Carcinogenic Assessment

Shoji Fukushima Professor, Osaka City University

100 Exploring Novel Functions of Artificial Design and Synthesis of New Nano- Quantum Effects Nanostructures Porous Materials with Physical Properties Modifiable by Chemical and and Related Physical Dopings to the Interstices Masakazu Aono Shoji Yamanaka Physical Professor, Osaka University, Chief Scientist, RIKEN Professor, Hiroshima University Phenomena Exploration of the Electronic and Optical Molecular-scale Structure Control of the Properties of Surface Nano-Structures Organic Thin Film/Metal Interface and by STM Light Emission Spectroscopy Photocurrent Multiplication-type and Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy Photo-sensing Device 1995-2002 Sukekatsu Ushioda Masaaki Yokoyama Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Osaka University

Hyper-Structured Molecules for Organic Quantum Effects of Anisotropic Quantum Device Applications Superconductors and Evolution of Novel Electromagnetic Wave Functions

Hiroyuki Sasabe Ienari Iguchi Professor, Chitose Institute of Science and Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Technology

Manipulation of Quantum Fields Coherent Quantum Effects in Quantum Nano-Structure with Atomic Layer Precision

Akira Shimizu Mutsuo Ogura Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Labo-Leader, Electrotechnical Laboratory

Construction of Novel Emissive Systems Self-Organized Quantum Confinement Using Self-Organization of Molecules Structures

Tetsuo Tsutsui Kohei Sanui Professor, Kyushu University Professor, Sophia University

Research Supervisor: New Arrayed Clusters in Microporous Nonlinear Optics in Quantum Solid Materials: Syntheses, Structures and Shinji Kawaji Physical Properties Professor Emeritus, Gakushuin University Osamu Terasaki Kohzo Hakuta Associate Professor, Tohoku University Professor, University of Electro-Communications

Silicon Quantum Nanodevices for Optical-wave Technology in the Information Processing Cycle-time Region and Its Application to Single Atomic and Single Molecular Dynamic Phenomena

Masataka Hirose Mikio Yamashita Professor, Hiroshima University Professor, Hokkaido University

Spin Investigation-Development of Spin SPM and Control of Spin States

Koichi Mukasa Professor, Hokkaido University

Spin Quantum Phenomena in Nanostructures

Yasuhiro Iye Professor, The University of Tokyo

Small Metallic Tunnel Junctions -Physics and Applications

Youiti Ootuka Professor, University of Tsukuba

Studies of Giant Magneto-Optical Properties in Nanostructured Magnetic Semiconductors

Yasuo Oka Professor, Tohoku University

Exploration of Far-infrared-radiation Techniques Based on Quantum Structures and Investigation of Quantum Phenomena

Susumu Komiyama Professor, The University of Tokyo

101 Construction of Novel Organic Zeolite Synthetic Approaches to the 20kDa Single Molecule Catalysts molecules of Glycoprotein and Atom Level Yasuhiro Aoyama Yoshiaki Nakahara Reactions Professor, Kyushu University Professor, Tokai University

Chemical Design of Advanced Structures Development of Photochromic Systems 1995-2002 and Reaction Control at Surfaces with Perfect Performance

Yasuhiro Iwasawa Masahiro Irie Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Kyushu University

X-Ray Analysis of Molecular Structure in Chemical Reactions in Supercritical Excited State Fluids under the Controlled Microscopic Molecular Environment

Yuji Ohashi Okitsugu Kajimoto Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor, Kyoto University

Oxygenics Design and Construction of Multimetallic Reaction Sites and Development of Metal Cluster-catalyzed Reactions

Eishun Tsuchida Hiroharu Suzuki Professor, Waseda University Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Stereoselective Synthesis of Complex Supramolecular Natural and Non-natural Organic Molecules Based on catalyst Products – Reaction Control and with Ultrafine Structures Molecular Design

Tohru Fukuyama Masahiro Hirama Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tohoku University

Research Supervisor: Control of Photochemical Reactions in a Self-organizing Molecular Systems Akio Yamamoto Femto-second Time Scale Utilizing Transition Metals Professor Emeritus, Waseda University Kaoru Yamanouchi Makoto Fujita Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo

Highly Selective Molecular Synthesis of Development of Metal-Complex Probes Next Generation for Biomolecule Analysis

Hisashi Yamamoto Kazuko Matsumoto Professor, Nagoya University Professor, Waseda University

Synthesis and Chemical Modification of Diamond Surfaces; Diamond Surface Reactions and their Mechanisms

Toshihiro Ando Senior Research Scientist, National Institute for Materials Science

Combinatorial Molecular Layer Epitaxy of Low Dimensional Superstructures

Hideomi Koinuma Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Development of New Reactions toward Efficient Synthesis of Structually Distinct Molecules

Shu Kobayashi Professor, The University of Tokyo

Design of Bio-functional Molecules and Reaction Control based on Molecular Recognition

Isao Saito Professor, Kyoto University

Creation of New Substances and Reactions via Activation of Inter- heteroatom Bonds

Masato Tanaka Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

102 Pressure-Tuned Quantum-Mechanical The Extreme Control of Structure and Phenomena of Phenomena in Hydrogen-Bonded Magnetism in Alloy Cluster Assembled Extreme Systems Materials Katsutoshi Aoki Chief Senior Researcher, National Institute of Kenji Sumiyama Conditions Materials and Chemical Research Professor, Nagoya Institute of Technology

Science of Ultra-High Purity Base Metals High Frequency Devices with Cuprate 1995-2002 Single Crystal Superconductors

Kenji Abiko Tsutomu Yamashita Associate Professor, Tohoku University Professor, Tohoku University

Elucidation of Critical States of Experimental Study for Elucidating Superconductors under Extreme Genesis of Natural Single and Physical Polycrystalline diamonds Using High Environment Pressure Process

Kazuo Kadowaki Minoru Akaishi Professor, University of Tsukuba Supervising Researcher, National Institute for Materials Science

Microscopic Resolution of Phase and Protein Crystal Grouwth under Virtual Amplitude of Electronic Wave in Solids Gravity Generated by Use of Magnetic Force

Mitsuo Ataka Koichi Kitazawa Group Leader, National Institute of Advanced Professor, The University of Tokyo Industrial Science and Technology

Shock-Wave Dynamics and Stimulated Isolation and Application of New Chemical Processes Microorganisms from Extreme Subterranean Environment

Ken-ichi Kondo Tadayuki Imanaka Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Professor, Kyoto University

Research Supervisor: Synthesis of Antiferromagnetic Quantum Dynamical Structure Exploration of Spin Ladder Compounds and Their Orbital - Novel Degree of Freedom - Masashi Tachiki Novel Properties Fellow, National Institute for Materials Science Mikio Takano Yasuo Endoh Professor, Kyoto University Professor, Tohoku University

Development of Fine Pixel Size CCD for Achievement of Large Undercooling and X-ray Measurement Formation of New Functional Materials

Hiroshi Tsunemi Kazumasa Togano Professor, Osaka University Director, National Institute for Materials Science

Strategies of the Plants Tolerant to the Visualization and Control of Physical Critical Stress Soils Phenomena in Extremely High and Localized Electric Fields

Satoshi Mori Hiroyuki Fujita Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, The University of Tokyo

Exactly Aligned High Magnetic Field Creation of Novel Materials in High Study of Low-Dimensional Metals and Magnetic Fields Superconductors

Takehiko Ishiguro Mitsuhiro Motokawa Professor, Kyoto University Honorary Professor, Tohoku University

Generation of Complex Extreme Conditions of Pressure, Magnetic Field and Low Temperature to Search for New Phenomena

Shoichi Endo Professor, Osaka University

Fabrication of Quasicrystals and Investigation of Physical Properties

An-Pang Tsai Team Leader, National Institute for Materials Science

Search and Design for Low Dimensional Anomalous Metals

Masatoshi Sato Professor, Nagoya University

103 Elucidation of Regulatory Mechanisms Genes for Development and Function of Understanding of Cell Fate Decisions during Neural the Brain the Brain Development Hideyuki Okano Masayoshi Mishina (Mechanisms of Professor, Osaka University Professor, The University of Tokyo Brain) Brain Research by Gene Manipulated Analysis of Synaptic Mechanism in Mice Pheromonal Memory

1995-2002 Masumi Ichikawa Motoya Katsuki Chief Researcher, Professor, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience

Analysis of Genes Expressed in a Single Molecular Mechanism of Meninges- Neurons of the Human Brain neuronal Interaction

Ichiro Kanazawa Yoshihiro Urade Professor, The University of Tokyo Head, Osaka Bioscience Institute

Neural Mechanisms of Distributed Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Hieralchical Systems for Sensori-motor Plasticity and Brain Functions Transformation

Yoshikazu Shinoda Seiji Ozawa Professor, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Professor, Gunma University

Photoreception in Brain for Circadian Tetiary Structure of G Protein-Coupled Rhythm Receptors

Yoshitaka Fukada Tatsuya Haga Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Gakushuin University

Research Supervisor: Across-level Approach to Brain Genetic Programs and Plastic Masanori Otsuka Mechanism of Visual Recognition Mechanisms of the Nervous System Corporate Adviser, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Ichiro Fujita Fumio Matsuzaki Professor, Osaka University Group Director, RIKEN

Molecular Analyses of a Cell Fate Molecular Mechanisms of Axon Decision Gene, gcm (glial cells missing) Guidance and Neuronal Plasticity of Drosophila, and Its Mammalian Homologues

Yoshiki Hotta Fujio Murakami Director-general, National Institute of Genetics Professor, Osaka University

Studies on Neuronal Death in Alzheimer’s Disease

Yasuo Ihara Professor, The University of Tokyo

Neuronal Mechanism for Motor Commands

Kenji Kawano Director, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Imaging Study of Human Cortical Columns Involved in Higher Mental Functions

Keiji Tanaka Group Director, RIKEN

Molecular Mechanisms of the Neural Network Formation

Masaharu Noda Professor, National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Molecular Basis of Neuron Network Formation

Hajime Fujisawa Professor, Nagoya University

104 Formation and Deposition of Ozone and Fundamental Studies on Bioremediation Social Systems Acidic Species in East Asia and Their Technologies of Contaminated for Better Environmental Impact Soil Environment Hajime Akimoto Osami Yagi Environment Program Director, Frontier Research System for Professor, The University of Tokyo Performance Global Change Development of a Metabolistic System Isotopomer Analysis of Environmental for Energy and Resources Saving City Materials for their Source Determination 1995-2002 Takao Kashiwagi Naohiro Yoshida Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Technology

Measurement and Controlling System of New Water Metabolic System of Cities Urban Heat Island Based on Wise Use

Yukio Kubo Yoshimasa Watanabe Former Professor, Keio University Professor, Hokkaido University

Experiment and Modeling of Rice A Development of the Urban Traffic Ecosystems Under High Atmospheric System for Improvement of Environment CO2 Quality

Kazuhiko Kobayashi Kikuo Iwata Laboratory Chief, National Institute of Agro- Professor, Gakushuin University Environmental Sciences

Forest Decline Study-Measurement, Modeling a Self-contained Community Behavior, and Control of Atmospheric with Social, Ecological and Material Pollutants Balance in the Rural Environment

Hiroshi Sakugawa Motoyuki Goda Professor, Hiroshima University Director, Policy Research Institute

Research Supervisor: Research and Development of R & D of Environment Conscious Environmentally Preferred Polymers Multi-Functional Structural Materials for Yoichi Kaya Advanced Energy Systems Professor, Keio University/ Vice-President, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth Yoshiharu Doi Akira Kohyama Chief Scientist, RIKEN Professor, Kyoto University

Establishment of a Scientific Framework The Development of Dry Desulfurization for the Management of Toxicity of Process for Developing Countries by Chemicals Based on Environmental Appropriate Chain Reactions Risk-Benefit Analysis

Junko Nakanishi Masayoshi Sadakata Professor, Yokohama National University Professor, The University of Tokyo

Basic Studies for Remediation of the Study for Therapeutic Brick House Water Environment by Enrichment of System Setting Up Microbial Functions

Takaaki Maekawa Yasunori Matsufuji Professor, University of Tsukuba Professor, Kyushu University

Ecotechnology for the Design of Coral High Efficiency Power Generation from Reef Bioreactor to Fix CO2 Coal and Wastes Utilizing High Temperature Air Combustion Technology

Hajime Kayanne Kunio Yoshikawa Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Towards an Optimal Framework for the Preservation of Global Environment

Takamitsu Sawa Professor, Kyoto University

Energilization and Resource Recovery of Municipal Solid Wastes Using New Generation Technologies on Global Environmental Protection

Tatsuya Noike Professor, Tohoku University

Construction of Cycle Oriented Complex at Social Experimental Sites and Development of Environmental Technologies

Tohru Morioka Professor, Osaka University

105 A Chen Mingwei Phase Interface 4 Fukuzumi Shunichi Molecular Assemblies 93 Chiba Shigeru post-Peta Scale 56 Funamizu Naoyuki Hydrological System 89

Abe Jiro Nanostructures 47 Chinzei Yasuo Immune Disorders 88 Funaoka Masamitsu Resource Recycling 96

Abe Takeshi Phase Interface 4 Chun Wang Jae Nano-Structured Catalysts 86 Furuhara Tadashi Element Strategy 40

Abiko Kenji Extreme Conditions 103 Furukawa Takahisa Brain Neural Network 25

Aburatani Hiroyuki Tailor-Made Medicine 80 D Sustainable Water Use 14 Furumai Hiroaki Adachi Chihaya Nanodevices 81 Daimon Hiroshi Nano Factory 82 Hydrological System 89

Aihara Kazuyuki Creating the Brain 98 Doi Masao Simulation 81 Furusawa Akira Quantum Information Processing 78

Aizawa Kiyoharu Human-Harmonized IT 58 Doi Norihisa Simulation 80 Furuya Kazuhito Nanodevices 81

Aizawa Shin-ichi Soft Nano-machine 85 Doi Yoshiharu Better Environment 105 Soft Nano-machine 85 Futai Masamitsu Akaishi Minoru Extreme Conditions 103 Domen Kazunari Molecular Assemblies 93 Genetic Programming 99

Akamatsu Tomonari Marine Biodiversity 8 Doya Kenji Creating the Brain 98

Nano-Manufacturing 52 G Akashi Mitsuru Bio-Devices 84 E Gamo Kenji Nano Factory 82

Akimoto Hajime Better Environment 105 Einaga Yasuaki Element Strategy 40 Goda Motoyuki Better Environment 105

Akinaga Hiroyuki Next-generation Devices 48 Endo Shoichi Extreme Conditions 103 Gojobori Takashi Marine Biodiversity 8

Akira Shizuo Host Defense 100 Endo Toshio post-Peta Scale 57 Gonokami Makoto Photonics 54

Akiyama Hidefumi Nanodevices 81 Structural Life Science 19 Goto Masataka Human-Harmonized IT 59 Endo Toshiya Akoh Hiroshi New Physical Phenomena 82 Soft Nano-machine 85 Goto Satoshi Ultra Low Power 68

Amari Shun-ichi Creating the Brain 98 Endoh Tetsuo Next-generation Devices 48 Goto Yuji Protein 87

Anai Hirokazu Simulation 81 Endoh Yasuo Extreme Conditions 103 Gotoh Yukiko Brain Neural Network 25

Ando Toshihiro Single Molecule and Atom 102 Era Takumi iPS Cells 28

Ando Toshio Life Phenomena 77 H

Anjyo Kenichi Mathematics 61 F Haga Tatsuya Mechanisms of Brain 104

Aoki Katsutoshi Extreme Conditions 103 Fujihata Masaki Digital Media 77 Hagiwara Masatoshi Epigenome 20

Aoki Yuriko Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Fujii Teruo Nanosystems 45 Hagiya Masami Information-Oriented Society 89

Aono Masakazu Quantum Effects 101 Fujii-Kuriyama Yoshiaki Endocrine 95 Hakoshima Toshio Protein 87

Aoyagi Yoshinobu Electron/Photon 92 Fujiki Michiya Molecular Assemblies 93 Hakuta Kohzo Quantum Effects 101

Aoyama Shigeru Life Phenomena 77 Metabolism 37 Hamachi Itaru Nanostructures 46 Fujiki Yukio Aoyama Yasuhiro Single Molecule and Atom 102 Genetic Programming 99 Biological System 34

Arahata Kiichi Protecting the Brain 97 Fujimaki Akira Nanodevices 81 Hamada Hiroshi Biological Systems 90

Arai Hiroyuki Metabolism 36 Fujino Takeshi Dependable VLSI 63 Genetic Programming 99

Arai Ken-ichi Genetic Programming 99 Fujino Yozo Advanced Sensing 67 Han Liyuan Solar Energy 12

Arai Shigehisa Nanodevices 81 Fujioka Hiroshi Nanosystems 44 Hanai Taizo Algae Bioenergy 11

Araki Hiroyuki Protein 87 Fujisaki Yasumasa ＥＭＳ 3 Hanamura Eiichi Electron/Photon 93

Arase Hisashi The Immune System 30 Fujisawa Hajime Mechanisms of Brain 104 Hanaoka Fumio Genomes 94

Ariga Hiroyoshi Endocrine 95 Fujisawa Katsuki post-Peta Scale 57 Hanazono Yutaka iPS Cells 28

Ariga Katsuhiko Nanostructures 46 Fujishima Akira Energy Conversion and Storage 86 Hanna Jun-ichi Nano-Manufacturing 52

Arinami Tadao Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Fujita Hiroyuki Extreme Conditions 103 Hara Eiji Homeostasis 18

Aruga Tetsuya Nano-Interface 50 Brain Development 79 Hara Shinji ＥＭＳ 3 Fujita Ichiro Asahara Hiroshi Chronic Inflammation 23 Mechanisms of Brain 104 Hara Toshihiko Plants 91

Asai Shojiro Dependable VLSI 62 Nano-Interface 51 Harada Akira Nanostructures 46

Asai Tomio Global Change 98 Fujita Makoto Self-organization 85 Harada Yoshie Soft Nano-machine 85

Asai Yoshihiro Nano Structural Materials 83 Single Molecule and Atom 102 Haraguchi Tokuko Soft Nano-machine 85

Asami Tadao Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6 Fujita Masayuki ＥＭＳ 2 Harashima Hiroshi Digital Media 77

Asano(Nakashizuka) Tohru Global Change 98 Fujita Teizo Protein 87 Haruta Masatake Nano-Interface 50

Asashima Makoto Genetic Programming 99 Fujita Toshiro Epigenome 21 Hasegawa Tetsuya Element Strategy 40

Ataka Mitsuo Extreme Conditions 103 Fujiwara Takeo Simulation 81 Hasegawa Tsuyoshi Next-generation Devices 49

Atomi Haruyuki Algae Bioenergy 10 Fujiwara Taku Sustainable Water Use 14 Hashida Koiti Advanced Media 92

Awaga Kunio Nanostructures 47 Fujiyoshi Yoshinori Soft Nano-machine 85 Hashimoto Hideki Photonics 55

Fukada Yoshitaka Mechanisms of Brain 104 Hashimoto Kazuhito Phase Interface 4

B Fukai Shuya Structural Life Science 19 Hashimoto Yoshiyuki Host Defense 100

Baba Jumpei ＥＭＳ 3 Fukai Tomoki Creating the Brain 98 Hashizume Tamotsu Control CO2 17

Baba Toshihiko Photonics 54 Fukuda Masami Resource Recycling 96 Hasumi Hiroyasu Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71

Baba Yoshinobu Genomes 94 Fukui Yasuo Global Change 98 Hata Kenji Nanosystems 44

Bito Haruhiko Brain Neural Network 26 Fukui Yoshinori The Immune System 30 Hayase Shuzi Phase Interface 4

Boku Taisuke post-Peta Scale 57 Fukushima Shoji Host Defense 100 Hayashi Yasuhiro ＥＭＳ 3

Fukutani Katsuyuki Material Phenomena 76 Self-organization 85 Hayashizaki Yoshihide C Fukuyama Hidetoshi Nano Structural Materials 83 Genetic Programming 99

Campbell Nick Advanced Media 92 Fukuyama Tohru Single Molecule and Atom 102 Hensch K. Takao Brain Development 78

106 Hibi Takayuki Mathematics 60 Iguchi Taisen Endocrine 95 Itaya Kingo New Physical Phenomena 82

Higashino Teruo Advanced Sensing 67 Ihara Hideo Electron/Photon 92 Ito Kei Brain Neural Network 26

Higuchi Hideo Life Phenomena 77 Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 33 Ito Kohzo Self-organization 85 Ihara Yasuo Higuchi Masayoshi Nanosystems 45 Mechanisms of Brain 104 Protein 87 Ito Koreaki Higuchi Teruhiko Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32 Iida Hidetoshi Plants 91 Genetic Programming 99

Higuchi Tomoyuki Simulation 81 Iino Masamitsu Host Defense 100 Ito Yukishige Sugar Chains 79

Higuchi Yoshiki Structural Life Science 19 Iino Yuichi Dynamic of Biosystems 22 Itoh Hiroyasu Soft Nano-machine 85

Hikosaka Kouki Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6 Ikeda Tsukasa Sustainable Water Use 14 Itoh Kohji Sugar Chains 79

Hirabayashi Yoshio Sugar Chains 79 Ikehara Satoru Advanced Media 92 Itoh M. Kohei Information-Oriented Society 89

Hirai Masami Metabolism 37 Ikeshoji Tamio Energy Conversion and Storage 86 Itoh Sadahiko Sustainable Water Use 15

Hirakawa Kazuhiko Nano-Interface 50 Ikeuchi Katsushi Advanced Media 92 Itoh Tadashi Advanced Light Sources 42

Hiraki Kazuo Human-Harmonized IT 59 Ikushima Yutaka Resource Recycling 96 Itoh Toshihiro Advanced Sensing 66

Hirama Masahiro Single Molecule and Atom 102 Ikuta Koji Life Phenomena 77 Iwafune Yumiko ＥＭＳ 2

Hiramoto Masahiro Solar Energy 12 Imada Masatoshi Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Metabolism 37 Iwai Kazuhiro Hirano Tomoo Brain Development 78 Imamura Takeshi Advanced Light Sources 42 Protein 87

Hirano Toshio The Immune System 30 Imanaka Tadayuki Extreme Conditions 103 Iwai Shinichiro Advanced Light Sources 42

Hirao Atsushi Metabolism 36 Imawaki Shiro Global Change 98 Iwakura Yoichiro The Immune System 30

Hirao Kimihiko Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Imoto Nobuyuki Quantum Information Processing 78 Iwama Atsushi iPS Cells 27

Hiraoka Yasushi Genomes 94 Imura Jun-Ichi ＥＭＳ 2 Iwamoto Teruaki Endocrine 95

Hirata Masaru Resource Recycling 96 Inagaki Fuyuhiko Genetic Programming 99 Iwamura Hajime Host Defense 100

Hirayama Hideki Photonics 55 Inagaki Shinji Nano-Interface 50 Iwasa Yoshihiro New Physical Phenomena 82

Hirayama Yoshiro Electron/Photon 92 Inakage Masahiko Digital Media 77 Iwasawa Nobuharu Nanostructures 46

Hiromi Yasushi Biological Systems 90 Inazawa Johji Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Iwasawa Yasuhiro Single Molecule and Atom 102

Hirose Masataka Quantum Effects 101 Inokuchi Jin-ichi Sugar Chains 79 Iwata Hiroo Digital Media 77

Hirose Michitaka Digital Media 77 Inokuchi Kaoru Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32 Iwata Kikuo Better Environment 105

Hisabori Toru Algae Bioenergy 11 Inomata Koichiro New Physical Phenomena 82 Iwatsubo Takeshi Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32

Hisada Toshiaki Simulation 81 Inoue Haruhisa iPS Cells 28 Iye Yasuhiro Quantum Effects 101

Hoh Koichiro Electron/Photon 92 Inoue Haruo Resource Recycling 96 Iyoda Tomokazu Nano Factory 82

Homma Takayuki Solar Energy 13 Inoue Ituro Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Izawa Tatsuo Photonics 54

Homma Yoshikazu Nano Factory 82 Inoue Kazuhide Chronic Inflammation 23

Honda Ayae Advanced Light Sources 42 Inoue Kyo Quantum Information Processing 78 K

Honda Kenya Homeostasis 18 Inoue Mitsuteru Information-Oriented Society 89 Photonics 55 Kadowaki Kazuo Honda Manabu Advanced Sensing 67 Irie Hiroshi Solar Energy 12 Extreme Conditions 103

Honda Masaaki Creating the Brain 98 Nanostructures 46 Kadowaki Takashi Biological Systems 90 Irie Masahiro Honda Yoshiaki Global Change 98 Single Molecule and Atom 102 Kagami Satoshi Embedded OS 64

Honke Koichi Sugar Chains 79 Isa Tadashi Brain Development 78 Dynamic of Biosystems 22 Kageyama Ryoichiro Element Strategy 41 Ise Shiro Human-Harmonized IT 59 Biological System 34 Hono Kazuhiro Material Phenomena 76 Ishibashi Koji Nano Factory 82 Kaibuchi Kozo Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32

Hori Atsushi post-Peta Scale 56 Ishida Kiyohito Simulation 81 Protein 87 Kainosho Masatsune Hori Hirokazu Photonics 54 Ishida Makoto Advanced Sensing 66 Genetic Programming 99

Hori Masaru Nano-Manufacturing 53 Ishida Takekazu Nano Structural Materials 83 Kajihara Seiji Dependable VLSI 62

Horiike Yasuhiro Nano-Manufacturing 52 Ishida Toru Advanced Media 92 Kajii Yoshizumi Global Change 98

Horikoshi Yoshiji Solar Energy 12 Ishiguro Hiroshi Human-Harmonized IT 59 Kajimoto Okitsugu Single Molecule and Atom 102

Horiuchi Sachio Element Strategy 40 Ishiguro Takehiko Extreme Conditions 103 Kajimura Koji New Physical Phenomena 82

Hoshi Eiji Brain Neural Network 26 Ishihama Akira Genetic Programming 99 Kakizuka Akira Protecting the Brain 97

Hosokai Tomonao Advanced Light Sources 43 Ishihara Hajime New Physical Phenomena 82 Kamiya Ritsu Soft Nano-machine 85

Hotani Hirokazu Soft Nano-machine 85 Ishihara Kazuaki Nanostructures 46 Kamiya Shoji Next-generation Devices 49

Biological Systems 90 Ishii Hideaki ＥＭＳ 2 Kanade Takeo Advanced Media 92 Hotta Yoshiki Mechanisms of Brain 104 Ishii Masaru Chronic Inflammation 23 Kanae Shinjiro Sustainable Water Use 14

iPS Cells 27 Kanai Yae Epigenome 20 Ishii Shunsuke I Host Defense 100 Kanamura Kiyoshi Energy Conversion and Storage 86

Ichijo Hidenori Protein 87 Human-Harmonized IT 58 Kanazawa Ichiro Mechanisms of Brain 104 Ishikawa Masatoshi Ichikawa Haruhisa Ultra Low Power 69 Creating the Brain 98 Kanda Manabu Hydrological System 89

Ichikawa MasakazuNano Factory 82 Ishikawa Masayuki Plants 91 Kanda Takayuki Human-Harmonized IT 59

Ichikawa Masumi Mechanisms of Brain 104 Ishikawa Takahiro Algae Bioenergy 11 Kaneda Atsushi Epigenome 21

Ichiki Takanori Nano-Manufacturing 53 Ishikawa Yutaka Embedded OS 64 Kaneko Kiyotoshi Protecting the Brain 97

Ichinose Izumi Nano-Interface 51 Ishino Fumitoshi Genomes 94 Kanemitsu Yoshihiko Solar Energy 13

Ieda Masaki iPS Cells 28 Isobe Toshiaki Metabolism 36 Kannagi Mari Host Defense 100

Igarashi Kazuhiko Epigenome 20 Isogai Akira Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6 Kannagi Reiji Sugar Chains 79

Iguchi Ienari Quantum Effects 101 Itao Kiyoshi Advanced Sensing 66 Karasuyama Hajime The Immune System 31

107 Kasagi Nobuhide Phase Interface 4 Kishimoto Takeo Genetic Programming 99 Kotani Motoko Mathematics 60

Kashino Makio Human-Harmonized IT 58 Kishino Katsumi Photonics 54 Kotera Hidetoshi Nano-Manufacturing 52

Kashiwagi Takao Better Environment 105 Kiso Makoto Sugar Chains 79 Control CO2 16 Koumoto Kunihito Katagiri Hideki Homeostasis 18 Element Strategy 40 Energy Conversion and Storage 86 Kitagawa Hiroshi Katagiri Hironori Solar Energy 12 Nano-Interface 50 Koyama Michihisa Phase Interface 4

Katakuse Itsuo Endocrine 95 Quantum Information Processing 78 Koyama Nobuto Sugar Chains 79 Kitagawa Masahiro Nano-Manufacturing 52 Electron/Photon 92 Dependable VLSI 62 Kataoka Kazunori Bio-Devices 84 Nanosystems 44 Koyanagi Mitsumasa Nanodevices 81 Kitamori Takehiko Kataura Hiromichi Nano-Manufacturing 53 Bio-Devices 84 Creating the Brain 98

Katayama Yoshiki Bio-Devices 84 Kitao Akio Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Koyasu Shigeo Immune Disorders 88

Katayose Haruhiro Digital Media 77 Kitazawa Koichi Extreme Conditions 103 Kubo Yukio Better Environment 105

Kato Kazuhiko Information-Oriented Society 89 Kitazawa Shigeru Brain Development 78 Kudo Akihiko Energy Conversion and Storage 86

Kato Nobumasa Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32 Chronic Inflammation 23 Kumanogoh Atsushi Chronic Inflammation 24 Kiyono Hiroshi Kato Norihiro Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Immune Disorders 88 Kuno Motoi Understanding the Brain 96

Kato Shigeaki Genetic Programming 99 Ko S.H. Minoru Dynamic of Biosystems 22 Kuramitsu Kimio Embedded OS 64

Kato Tadafumi Epigenome 20 Kobayashi Hayao Nano Structural Materials 83 Nano-Interface 51 Kurihara Kazue Kato Takekazu ＥＭＳ 2 Ultra Low Power 68 Self-organization 85 Kobayashi Hikaru Katori Hidetoshi Quantum Information Processing 78 Resource Recycling 96 Kuroda Kazuyuki Nano-Structured Catalysts 86

Katsuki Motoya Mechanisms of Brain 104 Kobayashi Kazuhiko Better Environment 105 Kuroda Masahiko Endocrine 95

Katsuki Tsutomu Molecular Assemblies 93 Kobayashi Kazuto Brain Development 79 Dynamic of Biosystems 22 Kuroda Sinya Kawada Tatsuya Phase Interface 4 Kobayashi Ryo Mathematics 60 Biological System 34

Kawaguchi Hitoshi Nanodevices 81 Kobayashi Satoru Biological Systems 90 Kuroda Tadahiro Ultra Low Power 68

Kawaguchi Masayoshi Plants 91 Kobayashi Shu Single Molecule and Atom 102 Kuroda Yo-ichiro Endocrine 95

Kawaguchi Yasuo Brain Neural Network 25 Kobayashi Takayoshi Advanced Light Sources 43 Kurokawa Mineo iPS Cells 28

Kawaguchi Yoichiro Digital Media 77 Kobuke Yoshiaki Molecular Assemblies 93 Kurosaki Tomohiro The Immune System 31

Kawahara Hideki Creating the Brain 98 Kodama Ryosuke Photonics 54 Kurumatani Koichi Advanced Sensing 66

Kawahara Tatsuya Human-Harmonized IT 58 Kogure Kazuhiro Marine Biodiversity 8 Kusuda Tetsuya Hydrological System 89

Kawai Tomoji Self-organization 85 Kohara Yuji Genetic Programming 99 Kuwabata Susumu Nano-Manufacturing 53

Kawaji Shinji Quantum Effects 101 Kohatsu-Higa Arturo Mathematics 60 Kuwajima Isao Molecular Assemblies 93

Kawakatsu Hideki Nano Factory 82 Kohyama Akira Better Environment 105 Kyozuka Junko Plants 91

Kawano Kenji Mechanisms of Brain 104 Koike Hanpei Ultra Low Power 68

Kawano Shigeyuki Algae Bioenergy 10 Koike Isao Marine Biodiversity 8 L

Kawaoka Yoshihiro Immune Disorders 88 Hydrological System 89 Lan Smith Sherwood Marine Biodiversity 8 Koike Toshio Kawarada Hiroshi Electron/Photon 92 Global Change 98 Lang Roy Electron/Photon 92

Kawasaki Masashi Nano-Interface 50 Koike Yasuharu Human-Harmonized IT 58

Kawasaki Toshisuke Host Defense 100 Energy Conversion and Storage 86 M Koinuma Hideomi Material Phenomena 76 Single Molecule and Atom 102 Machida Masahiko Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Kawata Satoshi New Physical Phenomena 82 Kojima Katsumi Control CO2 16 Maeda Hideaki Nano-Manufacturing 52

Kawata Yoshimasa Advanced Light Sources 42 Kojima Masami Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32 Maeda Ryutaro Ultra Low Power 69

Kawato Suguru Endocrine 95 Kokubu Hiroshi Mathematics 60 Maeda Susumu Host Defense 100

Kaya Koji Self-organization 85 Komatsu Teruhisa Marine Biodiversity 8 Maeda Taro Advanced Sensing 67

Kaya Yoichi Better Environment 105 Komatsu Toshiko Sustainable Water Use 15 Maeda Toshiyuki Embedded OS 64

Kayama Fujio Endocrine 95 Komeda Tadahiro Material Phenomena 76 Next-generation Devices 49 Maekawa Sadamichi Kayanne Hajime Better Environment 105 Material Phenomena 76 Nano Structural Materials 83 Komiyama Susumu Kidode Masatsugu Advanced Media 92 Quantum Effects 101 Maekawa Takaaki Better Environment 105

Kijima Tsuyoshi Energy Conversion and Storage 86 Komori Kazuhiro New Physical Phenomena 82 Magoshi Jun Resource Recycling 96

Kikutani Hitoshi Immune Disorders 88 Komuro Issei Chronic Inflammation 23 Majima Yutaka Nano-Manufacturing 53

Kimizuka Nobuo Nano-Interface 50 Kondo Akihiko Control CO2 16 Mano Hiroyuki Tailor-Made Medicine 80

Kimoto Masahide Hydrological System 89 Kondo Ken-ichi Extreme Conditions 103 Maruyama Atsushi Tailor-Made Medicine 80

Kimura Takashi Next-generation Devices 49 Kondo Masaaki post-Peta Scale 57 Maruyama Naoya post-Peta Scale 56

Kinashi Tatsuo The Immune System 31 Kondo Shigeru Dynamic of Biosystems 22 Mashima Kazushi Nanostructures 47

Next-generation Devices 48 Biological System 34 Matsubara Hitoshi Digital Media 77 Kinoshita Hiroo Kondo Takao Nano Factory 82 Plants 91 Matsubara Kenichi Genomes 94

Kinoshita Kazuhiko Genetic Programming 99 Konishi Shiro Understanding the Brain 97 Matsuda Fumihiko Tailor-Made Medicine 80

Kinoshita Taroh Sugar Chains 79 Kono Kenji Embedded OS 65 Matsufuji Yasunori Better Environment 105

Embedded OS 64 Kosaka Hideo Quantum Information Processing 78 Next-generation Devices 49 Kinoshita Yoshiki Matsui Shinji Information-Oriented Society 89 Koseki Haruhiko iPS Cells 27 Nano Factory 82

Kirino Takaaki Protecting the Brain 97 Koshihara Shin-ya Advanced Light Sources 43 Matsui Toshihiro Information-Oriented Society 89

Kise Koichi Human-Harmonized IT 59 Koshizuka Seiichi Simulation 81 Matsumoto Kaname Energy Conversion and Storage 86

Kishimoto Tadamitsu Immune Disorders 88 Kosugi Ken'ichirou Sustainable Water Use 15

108 Nano-Interface 51 Morishima Shigeo Digital Media 77 Nakanishi Junko Better Environment 105 Matsumoto Kazuhiko New Physical Phenomena 82 Morita Yasushi Element Strategy 41 Nakanishi Kenji Immune Disorders 88

Bio-Devices 84 Morohashi Ken-ichirou Endocrine 95 Nakanishi Shigetada Biological System 34 Matsumoto Kazuko Single Molecule and Atom 102 Morokuma Keiji Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Nakano Toru Epigenome 21

Biological Systems 90 Motokawa Mitsuhiro Extreme Conditions 103 Nakano Yoshiaki Electron/Photon 92 Matsumoto Kunihiro Genetic Programming 99 Mukasa Koichi Quantum Effects 101 Nakao Mitsuyoshi Epigenome 20

Matsumoto Mitsuru Chronic Inflammation 24 Murakami Fujio Mechanisms of Brain 104 Nakao Shinichi Sustainable Water Use 14

Matsumoto Yasumichi Nanostructures 47 Muramatsu Masami Genetic Programming 99 Nakaoka Masahiro Marine Biodiversity 9

Matsumura Hideki Solar Energy 13 Muraoka Yoichi Embedded OS 64 Nakashima Hiroshi Information-Oriented Society 89

Matsunaga Tadashi Algae Bioenergy 10 Murata Minoru Plants 91 Nakashima Naotoshi Nanostructures 46

Matsuo Jiro Nano-Manufacturing 53 Mushiake Hajime Brain Neural Network 25 Nakashimada Yutaka Algae Bioenergy 11

Matsuoka Hideaki Bio-Devices 84 Musiake Katumi Hydrological System 89 Nakato Yoshihiro Energy Conversion and Storage 86

Matsuoka Satoshi Ultra Low Power 69 Muto Shunichi Information-Oriented Society 89 Nakatsuji Hiroshi Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71

Matsuoka Takashi Photonics 55 Nakauchi Hiromitsu Host Defense 100

Chronic Inflammation 23 N Biological System 35 Matsushima Kouji Host Defense 100 Brain Neural Network 26 Nakayama Keiichi Biological Systems 90 Nabekura Junichi Matsu'ura Mitsuhiro Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Brain Development 78 Protecting the Brain 97

Biological Systems 90 Metabolism 37 Nakayama Toshinori Chronic Inflammation 24 Matsuzaki Fumio Mechanisms of Brain 104 Nabeshima Yo-ichi Genomes 94 Nakayama Yoshikazu Life Phenomena 77

Matsuzaki Masanori Brain Neural Network 25 Genetic Programming 99 Namikawa Kazumichi Material Phenomena 76

Mikami Masuhiro Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Naemura Takeshi Human-Harmonized IT 59 Nanri Takeshi post-Peta Scale 57

Mimura Tetsuro Metabolism 37 Nagahama Yoshitaka Endocrine 95 Nanya Takashi Ultra Low Power 68

Misawa Hiroaki New Physical Phenomena 82 Nagai Ryozo Homeostasis 18 Narumiya Shuh Chronic Inflammation 23

Mishina Masayoshi Mechanisms of Brain 104 Nagano Tetsuo Life Phenomena 77 Natori Shunji Host Defense 100

Misono Makoto Nano-Structured Catalysts 86 Nagao Makoto Advanced Media 92 Nawata Hajime Endocrine 95

Homeostasis 18 Nagao Soichi Creating the Brain 98 Nihei Mizuhisa Next-generation Devices 48 Miura Masayuki Metabolism 37 Nagaoka Masataka Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Niikawa Norio Genomes 94

Miyagi Taeko Sugar Chains 79 Nagaosa Naoto Nano Structural Materials 83 Nishida Akira Simulation 81

Miyagishima Shin-ya Algae Bioenergy 11 Nagasawa Takashi Chronic Inflammation 23 Nishida Eisuke iPS Cells 28

Miyahara Yuji Nanosystems 44 Nagashima Hideo Element Strategy 40 Nishida Yoshifumi Advanced Sensing 66

iPS Cells 29 Nagashima Kazuo Protecting the Brain 97 Nishihara Shoko Sugar Chains 79 Miyajima Atsushi Immune Disorders 88 Nagashima Umpei Simulation 81 Nishijima Masahiro Metabolism 36

Miyakawa Tsuyoshi Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32 Protein 87 Nishijo Hisao Brain Development 78 Nagata Kazuhiro Miyake Kensuke Immune Disorders 88 Host Defense 100 Nishikawa Hiroaki Ultra Low Power 69

Miyake Naomi Advanced Media 92 The Immune System 30 Nishikawa Toru Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 33 Nagata Shigekazu Miyake Ryo Sustainable Water Use 15 Genomes 94 Nishimura Ikuko Plants 91

Miyamoto Kaoru Endocrine 95 Nagata Toshi Hydrological System 89 Nishino Ichizo Protecting the Brain 97

Miyanaga Noriaki Photonics 55 Nagayama Kuniaki Life Phenomena 77 Nishiura Yasumasa Mathematics 60

Miyano Kenjiro Photonics 55 Nagayama Masaharu Mathematics 61 Nishizawa K. Naoko Plants 91

Miyasaka Masayuki Chronic Inflammation 23 Naito Yasuhide Material Phenomena 76 Nishizawa Matsuhiko Nanosystems 44

Miyashita Seiji Quantum Information Processing 78 Nakabeppu YusakuProtecting the Brain 97 Nitta Junsaku Nanodevices 81

Miyashita Yasushi Brain Neural Network 26 Nakada Hiroshi Sugar Chains 79 Niwa Hitoshi iPS Cells 28

Miyatake Kenji Phase Interface 4 Nakahara Yoshiaki Single Molecule and Atom 102 Noda Itsuki post-Peta Scale 57

Miyayama Masaru Control CO2 17 Nakahata Tatsutoshi Epigenome 21 Biological Systems 90 Noda Masaharu Miyazawa Atsuo Life Phenomena 77 Nakai Hiromi Element Strategy 41 Mechanisms of Brain 104

Mizuno Noritaka Nanostructures 46 Nakajima Atsushi Nano Structural Materials 83 Solar Energy 13

Mizusawa Hidehiro Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 33 Nakajima Kengo post-Peta Scale 56 Noda Susumu Photonics 54

Mizutani Goro Material Phenomena 76 Nakajima Tatsuo Embedded OS 64 Electron/Photon 93

Mochida Isao Nano-Structured Catalysts 86 Nakajima Teruyuki Global Change 98 Noda Tetsuo Genetic Programming 99

Momose Takamasa Quantum Information Processing 78 Nakajima Y. Takashi ＥＭＳ 3 Noike Tatsuya Better Environment 105

Mori Hirotada Genomes 94 Nakamura Arao Electron/Photon 92 Noji Hiroyuki Nanosystems 45

Mori Ikue Biological System 34 Nakamura Hiroshi Ultra Low Power 68 Nojiri Yukihiro Global Change 98

Mori Kensaku Brain Neural Network 25 Nakamura Katsuki Brain Development 78 Nomura Kazuya Sugar Chains 79

Mori Masaki Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Nakamura Kazuo Electron/Photon 92 Nukina Nobuyuki Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 33

Mori Nobuya Next-generation Devices 49 Nakamura Kenji Hydrological System 89 Nureki Osamu Chronic Inflammation 24

Mori Nozomu Protecting the Brain 97 Nakamura Shinichiro Nano-Structured Catalysts 86

Mori Satoshi Extreme Conditions 103 Nakamura Yasunori Plants 91 O

Mori Yusuke Life Phenomena 77 Nakamura Yoshihiko Creating the Brain 98 Oda Shunri Electron/Photon 92

Morikawa Hiromichi Plants 91 Nakamura Yoshikazu Life Phenomena 77 Oda Yoshiya Metabolism 36

Morioka Tohru Better Environment 105 Nakanishi Hachiro Molecular Assemblies 93 Ogata Shuji Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70

109 Ogawa Ken'ichi Control CO2 16 Osuka Atsuhiro Bio-Devices 84 Saya Hideyuki iPS Cells 27

Ogawa Seishi Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Osumi Noriko Brain Development 78 Seino Susumu Metabolism 37

Ogo Seiji Nano-Interface 51 Ota Ken-ichiro Resource Recycling 96 Sekine Mitsuo Bio-Devices 84

Ogumi Zempachi Resource Recycling 96 Otsuji Taiichi Next-generation Devices 48 Senda Toshiya Structural Life Science 19

Ogura Mutsuo Quantum Effects 101 Otsuka Masanori Mechanisms of Brain 104 Senju Satoru iPS Cells 27

Ohashi Yuji Single Molecule and Atom 102 Brain Neural Network 25 Seto Makoto Material Phenomena 76 Ozawa Seiji Ohashi Yuko Host Defense 100 Mechanisms of Brain 104 Seya Tsukasa Immune Disorders 88

Ohgaki Shinichiro Sustainable Water Use 14 Shiba Kiyotaka Self-organization 85

Ohki Kenichi Brain Neural Network 26 S Shibata Takehiko Genomes 94

Ohkoshi Shin-ichi Nanostructures 47 Sadakata Masayoshi Better Environment 105 Shibata Yoshihiro Mathematics 60

Ohmori Hiromitsu ＥＭＳ 2 Sagata Noriyuki Protein 87 Shibusawa Sakae Sustainable Water Use 15

Ohmori Kenji Advanced Light Sources 43 Saino Toshiro Global Change 98 Shibuya Akira The Immune System 31

Ohmori Kenji Next-generation Devices 49 Saito Hideo Digital Media 77 Shichida Yoshinori Protein 87

Ohta Hiroyuki Algae Bioenergy 10 Saito Isao Single Molecule and Atom 102 Shigekawa Hidemi Material Phenomena 76

Ohta Jun Photonics 55 Saito Kazuki Plants 91 Shigekawa Naoteru Solar Energy 13

Ohta Takeshi Hydrological System 89 Saito Kimiaki Simulation 81 Shigemoto Ryuichi Understanding the Brain 97

Ohta Yoshito ＥＭＳ 2 Saito Nagahiro Molecular Technology 38 Shigeoka Shigeru Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6

Ohtani Shunsuke Nanodevices 81 Saitoh Eiji Nanosystems 45 Shikanai Toshiharu Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6

Ohteki Toshiaki The Immune System 30 Saitou Mitinori iPS Cells 28 Shimada Jun Sustainable Water Use 15

Oishi Michio Genomes 94 Sakaguchi Nobuo Immune Disorders 88 Shimakawa Yuichi Element Strategy 40

Mathematics 60 Chronic Inflammation 24 Shimizu Akira Quantum Effects 101 Oishi Shin'ichi Sakaguchi Shimon Simulation 81 Immune Disorders 88 Shimizu Fujio Quantum Information Processing 78

Oka Yasuo Quantum Effects 101 Brain Neural Network 26 Shimizu Masaaki Bio-Devices 84

Okabe Satoshi Sustainable Water Use 14 Sakai L. Kuniyoshi Brain Development 78 Shimizu Takao Understanding the Brain 97

Okada Kiyotaka Plants 91 Creating the Brain 98 Shimizu Toshimi Molecular Assemblies 93

Okada Shigeru Algae Bioenergy 10 Dependable VLSI 62 Nano-Manufacturing 53 Sakai Shuichi Shimomura Masatsugu Okada Susumu Next-generation Devices 49 Information-Oriented Society 89 Self-organization 85

Okada Yasunobu Host Defense 100 Sakajo Takashi Mathematics 61 Shimoyama Yuhei Material Phenomena 76

Okahata Yoshio Bio-Devices 84 Sakaki Hiroyuki Nanodevices 81 Shin Shik Advanced Light Sources 42

Okamoto Hiroaki Solar Energy 12 Sakano Hitoshi Biological Systems 90 Shinkai Seiji Nano-Interface 50

Brain Neural Network 25 Sakugawa Hiroshi Better Environment 105 Shinkai Yoichi Epigenome 21 Okamoto Hitoshi Biological Systems 90 Sakurai Hideki Molecular Assemblies 93 Shinoda Yoshikazu Mechanisms of Brain 104

Okamoto Kenichi Hydrological System 89 Sakurai Kazuo Nano-Interface 51 Shinohara Hisanori Nano Structural Materials 83

Okamura Hiroshi Marine Biodiversity 8 Sakurai Tetsuya post-Peta Scale 56 Shinohara Takashi iPS Cells 27

Biological Systems 90 Sakurai Yoshio Brain Development 78 Shioya Ryuji post-Peta Scale 56 Okano Hideyuki Mechanisms of Brain 104 Samukawa Seiji Nanosystems 45 Shirahige Katsuhiko Epigenome 20

Okano Teruo Bio-Devices 84 Sanui Kohei Quantum Effects 101 Shiraiwa Yoshihiro Algae Bioenergy 10

Okazaki Taku The Immune System 31 Bio-Devices 84 Epigenome 20 Sasabe Hiroyuki Shirakawa Masahiro Okazaki Tuneko Genetic Programming 99 Quantum Effects 101 Life Phenomena 77

Sustainable Water Use 15 Sasakawa Chihiro Immune Disorders 88 Siomi C. Mikiko Biological System 34 Oki Taikan Hydrological System 89 Life Phenomena 77 Sobue Gen Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 33 Sasaki C. Yuji Okuda Akihiko iPS Cells 27 Protein 87 Sode Koji Algae Bioenergy 10

Okuhara Toshio Nano-Structured Catalysts 86 Sasaki Hiroyuki Epigenome 21 Someya Takao Nanosystems 45

Okumura Ko Host Defense 100 Sasaki Takashi Simulation 81 Sone Jun'ichi Nanosystems 44

Okushi Hideyo New Physical Phenomena 82 Sasaki Takatomo Next-generation Devices 48 Sorimachi Hiroyuki Protein 87

Omata Tatsuo Algae Bioenergy 10 Nano-Manufacturing 53 Suda Toshio iPS Cells 27 Sasaki Takayoshi Omatsu Takashige Advanced Light Sources 43 Energy Conversion and Storage 86 Suemasu Takashi Solar Energy 13

Omura Tatsuo Sustainable Water Use 15 Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Suemune Ikuo Photonics 54 Sasazuki Takehiko Ona Toshihiro Resource Recycling 96 Host Defense 100 Suenaga Kazutomo Material Phenomena 76

Sustainable Water Use 14 Sato Ken-ichi Ultra Low Power 68 Suga Hiroaki Molecular Technology 38 Onda Yuichi Hydrological System 89 Sato Masatoshi Extreme Conditions 103 Sugahara Satoshi Next-generation Devices 48

Onodera Hidetoshi Dependable VLSI 62 Sato Mitsuhisa Embedded OS 64 The Immune System 30 Sugamura Kazuo Onodera Hiroshi Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32 Sato Shunichi Advanced Light Sources 42 Host Defense 100

Ootuka Youiti Quantum Effects 101 Sato Tomomasa Advanced Sensing 66 Sugano Takuo Electron/Photon 92

Oshima Masaharu Nano-Interface 50 Sato Yoichi Human-Harmonized IT 58 Sugihara Kokichi Mathematics 61

Oshima Masanobu Chronic Inflammation 24 Satoh Masaki Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Sugimoto Satoshi Element Strategy 40

Oshima Tairo Protein 87 Satoh Noriyuki Biological Systems 90 Suginome Michinori Nanostructures 47

iPS Cells 27 Satoh Shin-Ichi Solar Energy 12 Sugita Hideo Protecting the Brain 97 Oshimura Mitsuo Genetic Programming 99 Sawa Takamitsu Better Environment 105 Sugita Michiaki Hydrological System 89

Oshiyama Atushi Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Sawada Kazuaki Nanosystems 44 Sugita Yoichi Brain Development 78

110 Sugiyama Hiroshi Nanostructures 46 Takano Naoki Simulation 81 Tohkura Yoh'ichi Human-Harmonized IT 58

Sugiyama Yuichi Host Defense 100 Takara Kaoru Hydrological System 89 Tohyama Chiharu Endocrine 95

Suhara Tetsuya Protecting the Brain 97 Takata Masaki Material Phenomena 76 Tohyama Masaya Protecting the Brain 97

Suito Hiroshi Mathematics 61 Takata Yasuyuki Phase Interface 4 Toko Kiyoshi Advanced Sensing 66

Sumiyama Kenji Extreme Conditions 103 Takayanagi Hideaki New Physical Phenomena 82 Tokoro Mario Embedded OS 64

Sunada Kengo Hydrological System 89 Phase Interface 4 Tokuda Hideyuki Embedded OS 64 Takayanagi Kunio Sunaga Takeshi Digital Media 77 Material Phenomena 76 Tokuda Keiichi Human-Harmonized IT 59

Susuki Yoshihiko ＥＭＳ 3 Takeama Haruko Marine Biodiversity 9 Tokunaga Fumio Self-organization 85

Suzuki Akinori Plants 91 Takeda Jun Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Tominaga Keisuke Self-organization 85

Suzuki Atsushi Epigenome 20 Takeda Kazuya Human-Harmonized IT 58 Tomishige Keiichi Control CO2 16

Suzuki Hideyuki ＥＭＳ 3 Takeda Kazuyoshi Plants 91 Tomita Masaru Simulation 81

Suzuki Hiroharu Single Molecule and Atom 102 Takeda Ken Endocrine 95 Toraichi Kazuo Information-Oriented Society 89

Suzuki Keisuke Molecular Assemblies 93 Takeda Kiyoshi The Immune System 31 Toriumi Akira Next-generation Devices 49

Suzuki Kenjiro Resource Recycling 96 Takeda Shunichi Genomes 94 Tsai An-Pang Extreme Conditions 103

Suzuki Koji Bio-Devices 84 Takeda Tsunehiro Creating the Brain 98 Tsai Jaw-Shen Quantum Information Processing 78

Suzuki Masakazu Hydrological System 89 Takegoshi Kiyonori Material Phenomena 76 Tsubata Takeshi Sugar Chains 79

Protein 87 Takenawa Tadaomi Biological Systems 90 Tsubouchi Kazuo Dependable VLSI 62 Suzuki Masashi Genetic Programming 99 Takeuchi Ken Dependable VLSI 63 Tsuchida Eishun Single Molecule and Atom 102

Suzuki Takashi Mathematics 60 Takeuchi Osamu Chronic Inflammation 24 Tsuji Yasushi Nano-Structured Catalysts 86

Suzuki Tatsuya ＥＭＳ 3 Takeuchi Shigeki Advanced Light Sources 43 Tsujii Jun-ichi Advanced Media 92

Suzuki Toshinori Advanced Light Sources 42 Takizawa Hiroyuki post-Peta Scale 56 Tsujii Yoshinobu Nanosystems 45

Suzuki Tsuguyoshi Endocrine 95 Takumi Toru Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 33 Tsujimoto Yoshihide Protecting the Brain 97

Suzuki Yasuo Sugar Chains 79 Tamao Kohei Element Strategy 40 Tsukagoshi Kazuhito Nano-Manufacturing 52

Suzuki Yoshishige Electron/Photon 92 Tamura Hideyuki Digital Media 77 Tsukihara TomitakeStructural Life Science 19

Tamura Taka-aki Genetic Programming 99 Tsumaki Noriyuki iPS Cells 28

T Tanabe Tsutomu Protecting the Brain 97 Brain Development 78 Tsumoto Tadaharu Human-Harmonized IT 58 Tanaka Ayumi Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6 Understanding the Brain 97 Tachi Susumu Advanced Media 92 Tanaka Hidehiko Information-Oriented Society 88 Tsunemi Hiroshi Extreme Conditions 103

Tachibana Kazuo Molecular Assemblies 93 Tanaka Hiroaki Sustainable Water Use 14 Tsuno Hiroshi Resource Recycling 96

Tachiki Masashi Extreme Conditions 103 Tanaka Junzo Molecular Assemblies 93 Tsuru Toshinori Sustainable Water Use 15

Taga Gentaro Brain Development 78 Tanaka Kazuyoshi Nano Structural Materials 83 Tsutsui Tetsuo Quantum Effects 101

Tagawa Seiichi Next-generation Devices 48 Structural Life Science 19 Tsutsumi Atsushi Resource Recycling 96 Tanaka Keiji Taguchi Ryo Metabolism 36 Host Defense 100 Tsutsumi Nobuhiro Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 7

Taguchi Seiichi Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6 Tanaka Keiji Mechanisms of Brain 104 Tsutsumi Osamu Endocrine 95

Taira Masanori Understanding the Brain 97 Tanaka Koichiro Advanced Light Sources 43

Takabayashi Junji Plants 91 Tanaka Koji Molecular Assemblies 93 U

Takada Hiroaki Ultra Low Power 68 Tanaka Masato Single Molecule and Atom 102 Uchida Kenko ＥＭＳ 2

Takada Jun Element Strategy 41 Tanaka Michiyoshi Material Phenomena 76 Uchimoto Yoshiharu Control CO2 16

Takada Shoji Soft Nano-machine 85 Tanaka Shigenori Simulation 81 Nano-Manufacturing 52 Uda Taizo Takada Toshikazu Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Tanaka Takashi Simulation 81 Bio-Devices 84

Takagi Masaru Plants 91 Tanaka Tsuyoshi Control CO2 17 Ueda Masahiro Biological System 34

Takagi Naofumi Ultra Low Power 68 Tanaka Yasumoto Electron/Photon 92 Ueda Mitsuyoshi Algae Bioenergy 10

Takahashi Keiko Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Taniguchi Masaru Host Defense 100 Uematsu Mitsuo Global Change 98

Takahashi Ryosuke Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders 32 Taniguchi Naoyuki Sugar Chains 79 Biological System 34 Uemura Tadashi Takahashi Satoshi Life Phenomena 77 Taniguchi Tadatsugu The Immune System 31 Biological Systems 90

Takahashi Takashi Material Phenomena 76 Tanji Hajime Hydrological System 89 Umeda Masaaki Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6

Takahashi TamotsuMolecular Assemblies 93 Tanji Jun Understanding the Brain 97 Umezawa Yoshio Endocrine 95

Takahashi Tomoyuki Brain Neural Network 25 Tatebe Osamu post-Peta Scale 56 Uozumi Yasuhiro Nano-Structured Catalysts 86

Takahashi Yoshiko iPS Cells 28 Tatsumi Takashi Nano-Structured Catalysts 86 Ura Tamaki Marine Biodiversity 8

Advanced Light Sources 42 Tatsumisago Masahiro Control CO2 17 Urabe Shinji Quantum Information Processing 78 Takahashi Yoshiro Quantum Information Processing 78 Taya Yoichi Genomes 94 Urade Yoshihiro Mechanisms of Brain 104

Takai Osamu Nano-Manufacturing 52 Ten-no Seiichiro Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Uraoka Yukiharu Nanosystems 44

The Immune System 30 Teramae Norio Tailor-Made Medicine 80 Urisu Tsuneo Nanosystems 44

Takai Toshiyuki Immune Disorders 88 Teraoka Yasutake Nano-Structured Catalysts 86 Ushijima Toshikazu Epigenome 20

Host Defense 100 Terasaki Osamu Quantum Effects 101 Ushioda Sukekatsu Quantum Effects 101

Takai Yoshimi Brain Neural Network 26 Terasaki Tetsuya Protecting the Brain 97 Usui Hideyuki Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71

Takakura Nobuyuki iPS Cells 28 Tobe Yoshito Advanced Sensing 67 Uyeda Hiroshi ＥＭＳ 2

Takamura Hitoshi Resource Recycling 96 Tobe Yoshito Molecular Assemblies 93

Takano Akihiko Advanced Media 92 Toda Tatsushi Tailor-Made Medicine 80 W

Takano Mikio Extreme Conditions 103 Togano Kazumasa Extreme Conditions 103 Wada Keiji Brain Development 79

111 Wakasa Kyo Plants 91 Yamashita Tsutomu Extreme Conditions 103

Wakatsuchi Masaaki Global Change 98 Yamauchi Kazuto Advanced Light Sources 43

Watanabe Hisatsune Next-generation Devices 48 Yamauchi Miho Control CO2 17

Watanabe M. Makoto Control CO2 16 Yamazaki Hidekatsu Marine Biodiversity 9

Watanabe Masahiro Resource Recycling 96 Metabolism 36 Yanagida Mitsuhiro Watanabe Satoshi Simulation 81 Genetic Programming 99

Watanabe Shuntaro Photonics 55 Life Phenomena 76 Yanagida Toshio Watanabe Takashi Plant Sciences for CO2 Utilization 6 Soft Nano-machine 85

Digital Media 77 Yanagisawa Shuichi Metabolism 36 Watanabe Tomio Advanced Media 92 Yashima Tatsuaki Nano-Structured Catalysts 86

Watanabe Yoshimasa Better Environment 105 Yasuda Jiro Advanced Sensing 66

Control CO2 16 Yasui Itaru X Resource Recycling 96

Xu Chao-Nan Advanced Sensing 66 Yasutake Kiyoshi Solar Energy 12

Yasutomo Kouji Chronic Inflammation 24

Y Yasuura Hiroto Dependable VLSI 62

Yagawa Genki Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 70 Yawo Hiromu Understanding the Brain 97

Yagi Osami Better Environment 105 Yoda Mikio Sustainable Water Use 14

Brain Neural Network 26 Yokota Haruo Information-Oriented Society 89 Yagi Takeshi Genomes 94 Yokota Takanori Molecular Technology 38

Yagi Yasushi Human-Harmonized IT 59 Yokoyama Masaaki Quantum Effects 101

Yamada Hiroko Solar Energy 13 Yoneda Tomohiro Dependable VLSI 62

Yamada Ichiro Advanced Sensing 67 Yoneda Yoshihiro iPS Cells 28

Yamada Kouichi Resource Recycling 96 Yonezawa Akinori post-Peta Scale 56

Yamago Shigeru Nanostructures 47 Yonezawa Kazuyoshi Protein 87

Structural Life Science 19 iPS Cells 29 Yamaguchi Akihito Protein 87 Yoshida Minoru Metabolism 36

Yamaguchi Masafumi Solar Energy 12 Genomes 94

Yamaguchi Shigehiro Nanostructures 47 Yoshida Naohiro Better Environment 105

Yamaguchi Takeo Control CO2 17 Yoshikawa Akihiko Nanodevices 81

Sugar Chains 79 Yoshikawa Ken-ichi Molecular Assemblies 93 Yamaguchi Yoko Creating the Brain 98 Yoshikawa Kunio Better Environment 105

Yamaki Jun-ichi Energy Conversion and Storage 86 Yoshikawa Shinya Genetic Programming 99

Yamamoto Akio Single Molecule and Atom 102 Yoshikawa Susumu Control CO2 16

Molecular Technology 38 Homeostasis 18 Yamamoto Hisashi Yoshimori Tamotsu Single Molecule and Atom 102 Protein 87

Nanosystems 45 Yoshimoto Masahiko Dependable VLSI 62 Yamamoto Kimihisa Nano-Structured Catalysts 86 Yoshimura Akihiko The Immune System 30

Epigenome 20 Yoshimura Hirokazu Global Change 99 Yamamoto Masayuki Chronic Inflammation 24 Yoshimura Shinobu Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 72

Yamamoto Ryoichi Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71 Yoshioka Yoshichika Life Phenomena 77

Yamamoto Tadashi Dynamic of Biosystems 22 Yoshizaki Masanori Global Change 98

Yamamoto Yoshihisa Quantum Information Processing 78 Yuasa Shinji Next-generation Devices 49

Yamamura Ken-ichi iPS Cells 29 Yui Nobuhiko Nano-Interface 51

Yamanaka Kazushi Advanced Sensing 67 Yura Kei Bio-Devices 84

Yamanaka Shinya Immune Disorders 88 Yuzaki Michisuke Brain Neural Network 26

Yamanaka Shoji Quantum Effects 101

Marine Biodiversity 8 Yamanaka Yasuhiro Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics 71

Yamanouchi Kaoru Single Molecule and Atom 102

Yamasaki Nobuyuki Dependable VLSI 63

Yamasaki Satoshi Control CO2 17

Yamase Toshihiro Bio-Devices 84

Yamashita Ichiro Self-organization 85

Yamashita Koichi Phase Interface 5

Molecular Technology 38 Yamashita Masahiro Nano Structural Materials 83

Photonics 54 Yamashita Mikio Quantum Effects 101

Yamashita Toshihide Brain Neural Network 26

112