ERIMITIS CONSERVATION TOOLS

1. Key species of Erimitis

Tab. 1: List of suggested key species of Erimitis area. (Inter.: International, Med.: Mediterranean, Gr.: Greek, +*: priority species, PD 67/81: “Greek presidential decree for the protection of wild fauna and flora and for establishing a process for the coordination and control of their research”)

Directive PD Bonn Scientific Name English Name IUCN Red List 92/43/EEC Bern Convention 67/81 Convention Inter. Med. Gr. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. II IV I II III 1 II mammals Lutra lutra Eurasian otter NT NT EN + + + + Martes foina Beech marten LC LC - + Mustela nivalis Least weasel LC LC - + + Tursiops truncatus Common bottlenose dolphin LC VU VU + + + + + Monachus monachus Mediterranean monk seal EN CR CR +* + + + + + amphibians Lissotriton vulgaris graecus Greek smooth newt LC - - + + Bufo bufo Common toad LC - LC + + Hyla arborea Common tree frog LC - LC + + + Pelophylax ridibundus Marsh or Laughing frog LC - LC + Emys orbicularis European pond terrapin NT - NT + + + + Mauremys rivulata Balkan terrapin - - LC + + + + Testudo hermanni boettgeri Hermann's tortoise NT - VU + + + + Algyroides nigropunctatus Dalmatian keeled LC - LC + + + trilineata Balkan green lizard LC - LC + + + Lacerta viridis Eastern green lizard LC - LC + + + Anguis graeca Greek slow worm - - - + + Pseudopus apodus European glass lizard - - LC + + Platyceps najadum Dahl's whip snake LC - LC + + + Hierophis gemonensis Balkan whip snake LC - LC + + Dolichophis caspius Caspian whip snake LC - LC + + + Natrix natrix Grass snake LC - LC + + Natrix tessellata Dice snake LC - LC + + + Malpolon insignitus Eastern Montpellier snake LC - LC + + butterflies Papilio alexanor Southern swallowtail - LC - + Directive PD Bonn Scientific Name English Name IUCN Red List 92/43/EEC Bern Convention 67/81 Convention Inter. Med. Gr. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. II IV I II III 1 II orchids Anacamptis laxiflora subsp. Lax -flowered orchid - LC - + laxiflora Anacamptis morio Green-winged orchid - - - + Anacamptis papilionacea Pink butterfly orchid - - - + subsp. messenica Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal orchid - - - + subsp. serotina Anacamptis coriophora Fragrant bug orchid - - - + subsp. fragrans Himantoglossum Giant orchid - LC - + robertianum Cephalanthera longifolia Sword-leaved helleborine - - - + Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved helleborine - - VU + Limodorum abortivum Violet limordore - - - + Neotinea maculata Dense-flowered orchid - - - + Ophrys apifera Bee orchid - - - + Ophrys bombyliflora Bumble-bee orchid - LC - + Ophrys ferrum-equinum Horseshoe bee-orchid - - - + Ophrys minuscula - - - - + Ophrys oestrifera - - - - + + Ophrys oestrifera subsp. - - - - + + grandiflora Ophrys reinholdii - - - - + Ophrys sicula Lesser yellow bee orchid - - - + Ophrys tenthredinifera Sawfly orchid - - - + Orchis italica Naked man orchid - - - + Orchis provincialis Provence orchid - - - + + Serapias bergonii - - LC - + Serapias cordigera Heart-flowered serapias - LC - + Serapias ionica - - - - + Serapias lingua Tongue Serapias - - - + Serapias orientalis Eastern-tongue orchid - - - + Serapias parviflora Small-flowered serapias - - - + Serapias vomeracea Long-lipped tongue orchid - LC - + other flora species Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn LC - - + Galanthus reginae olgae Queen olga's snowdrop VU VU - + Allium chamaespathum - - - - + Delphinium peregrinum - - - - + Heptaptera colladonioides - - - - + Rubus sanctus Holy bramble - - - + Posidonia oceanica - LC LC - + Tab. 2: List of suggested bird key species of Erimitis area. (Inter.: International, Gr.: Greek)

IUCN Red List Directive Bern Bonn Scientific Name English Name 2009/147/EC Convention Convention Inter. Gr. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. I II II III I II Anas crecca Common teal LC - + + + Anas platyrhynchus Mallard LC - + + + Aythya nyroca Ferruginous duck NT VU + + + + Tachybaptus ruficollis Little grebe LC - + Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked grebe LC - + Phalacrocorax carbo Great cormorant LC - + Phalacrocorax aristotelis European shag LC NT + + Ixobrychus minutus Little bittern LC LC + + + Ardeola ralloides Squacco heron LC VU + + Egretta garzetta Little egret LC LC + + Ardea alba Great egret LC VU + + + Ardea cinerea Grey heron LC - + Ardea purpurea Purple heron LC EN + + + Plegadis falcinellus Glossy ibis LC CR + + + Accipiter nisus Eurasian sparrowhawk LC - + + Buteo buteo Common buzzard LC - + + Falco tinnunculus Common kestrel LC - + + Rallus aquaticus Water rail LC - + Gallinula chloropus Common moorhen LC - + + Fulica atra Eurasian coot LC - + + + Gallinago gallinago Common snipe LC - + + + Scolopax rusticola Eurasian woodcock LC - + + + Tringa nebularia Common greenshank LC - + + Tringa glareola Wood sandpiper LC LC + + + Actitis hypoleucos Common sandpiper LC - + + Larus ridibundus Black-headed gull LC - + Larus michahellis Yellow-legged gull LC - + Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich tern LC VU + + + Columba livia (Wild) Rock pigeon LC - + + Columba palumbus Common woodpigeon LC - + Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian collared dove LC - + Streptopelia turtur European turtle dove VU - + + + Otus scops European scops owl LC - + Athene noctua Little owl LC - + Apus melba Alpine swift LC - + Apus apus Common swift LC - + Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher LC - + + Upupa epops Eurasian hoopoe LC - + + Riparia riparia Sand martin LC - + IUCN Red List Directive Bern Bonn Scientific Name English Name 2009/147/EC Convention Convention Inter. Gr. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. Appx. I II II III I II

Hirundo rustica Barn swallow LC - + Delichon ubricum Common house martin - - + Motacilla flava Yellow wagtail LC - + + Motacilla cinerea Grey wagtail LC - + + Motacilla alba White wagtail LC - + + Troglodytes troglodytes Winter wren LC - + Prunella modularis Dunnock LC - + + Erithacus rubecula European robin LC - + + Phoenicurus ochruros Back redstart LC - + + Saxicola ruberta Whinchat - - + + + Oenanthe hispanica Black-eared wheatear LC - + + Turdus merula Common blackbird - - + + + Turdus philomelos Song thrush LC - + + + Cettia cetti Cetti's warbler LC - + + Acrocephalus scirpaceus European reed warbler LC - + + Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great reed warbler LC - + + Hippolais pallida Eastern olivaceous warbler LC - + + Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap LC - + + Sylvia communis Common whitethroat LC - + + Sylvia melanocephala Sardinian warbler LC - + + Phylloscopus collybita Common chiffchaff LC - + + Phylloscopus trochilus Willow warbler LC - + + Regulus regulus Goldcrest LC - + + Parus caeruleus Blue tit LC - + Parus major Great tit LC - + Lanius senator Woodchat shrike LC - + Garrulus glandarius Eurasian jay LC - Pica pica Common magpie LC - + Corvus monedula Western jackdaw LC - + Corvus corone Hooded crow LC - + Sturnus vulgaris Common starling LC - + Passer hispaniolensis Spanish sparrow LC - + Fringilla coelebs Common chaffinch LC - + Carduelis chloris European greenfinch LC - + 2. Habitat types in Erimitis

Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC Annex I :

 1120* Posidonia beds (Posidonion oceanicae)  1150* Coastal lagoons  1170 Reefs  1210 Annual vegetation of drift lines  1310 Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand  1240 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.  1410 Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)  1420 Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi)  5230* Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis  5320 Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs  5330 Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub  9310 Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods  9340 Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests

Greek Presidetial Decree - Government Gazette 229/ AAP/ 2012 "Approval of a list of small island wetlands, and provision of terms and conditions for the protection and conservation of small coastal wetlands included therein" :

 Y222KER030. Lake Vromolimni  Y222KER031. Lake Akoli  Y222KER032. Erimitis marsh

3. Connectivity of Erimitis to protected areas

Erimitis is connected by the sea to two protected natural areas, one on Corfu and one at the Albanian coast. The protected area at the north side of Corfu is the “Lagoon Antinioti” and belongs to the Natura 2000 network (YPEN, 2016). This area of 187 ha consists of a big coastal lagoon, a marsh, hills covered by macchia vegetation, sand dunes and agricultural land. Lagoon Antinioti is very important for migratory birds and a special habitat for the Eurasian otter. The other protected area, at the nearby Albanian coast, is the National Park of Butrint. This area consists of a lagoon with an extent of 1600 ha, sandy and stony coasts, marshes, wet meadows, densely forested hills, mountains, smaller lakes, rivers and a big natural channel that ends up to the Ionian sea (Bego et al., 2012). The National Park of Butrint has a rich diverse flora of over 900 species and a special fauna with 246 bird-, 9 -, 25 amphibian- and 39 mammal-species including rare and endangered species. Furthermore, southwest of Erimitis the next big protected area on Corfu is the refuge heritage “Pantokratoras” (ΕΕΑ, 2019). This area of 606 ha is mountainous and includes the highest point of the island at 903 m. Several terrestrial paths exist which an could follow to reach Pantokratoras from Erimitis or the other way around. On the following map, you can see the distances between the aforementioned protected areas and Erimitis area. The boundaries of the areas are not accurate.

The document “ Erimitis conservation tools ” has been prepared by the environmentalist Elena Papadopoulou (M.Sc. Landscape Ecology) in October 2020 based on data collected by the biologist Xavier Gremillet, the zoologists Marie Stille and Bo Stille, the ornithologist Giannis Gasteratos, the Flora Ionica working group of the University of Vienna and the biologist Stamatis Ghinis. References: • Bego F., J. Malltezi, R. Kola, A. Zotaj & T. Bino (2012): Biodiversity of , UNESCO and Ramsar site: Its status, threats and priority needs for conservation, Conference Paper, International Conference on Marine and Coastal Ecosystems, Tirana • EEA – European Environment Agency (2019): EUNIS Factsheet „Psilos Pantokrator (Spartylas- Petaleias-Nisakiou)”. Retrieved from https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/341778 • EC – European Council (2010): EU Birds Directive, “Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parlia- ment and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds“,Official Journal L 20 of 26.01.2010. Codified version of Directive 79/409/EEC. Transposed into Greek legislation through the Joint Ministerial Decision 414985/29-11-85(G.G. Β΄757), the Joint Ministerial Decision 37338/1807/E.103/1-9-10 (G.G. 1495/B/6-9-10) and the Joint Ministerial Decision 8353/276/Ε103/17-2- 2012 (G.G. 415/Β/23-2-2012). • EC – European Council (1992): EU Habitats Directive, “Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora“, Official Journal L 206 of 22.07.1992. Transposed into Greek legislation through the Joint Ministerial Decision 33318/3028/11-12- 1998 (G.G. 1289/Β/28-12-98) and the Joint Ministerial Decision 14849/853/Ε103/4-4-2008 (G.G. 645/Β/11-4-08). • EC – European Council (1982): Bern Convention “Convention on the Conservation of European Wild- life and Natural Habitats“, adopted on 19 September 1979 in Bern, Official Journal L 38 of 10.02.1982. Amended by the Standing Committee on 8th March 2018. • EC – European Council (1982): Bonn Convention, “Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild ”, signed on 23 June 1979 in Bonn, Official Journal L 210 of 19.07.1982. Amended by the Conference of the Parties in 22 May 2020. • Flora Ionica (n.d.): Save Erimitis – Flora (Χλωρίδα). Retrieved from https://www.erimitis.gr/xlorida/ • G.G. 229/AAP/2012 - Government Gazette of the Hellenic Republic No 229 (2012, June 19): Greek Presidential Decree for the protection of small island wetlands, "Approval of a list of small island wetlands, and provision of terms and conditions for the protection and conservation of small coastal wetlands included therein". • G.G. 23/A/1981 - Government Gazette of the Hellenic Republic No 67 (1981, January 30), PD 67/81, ”Greek presidential decree on the protection of native flora and wild fauna and the determination of the coordination and control procedure of related research”. • Ghinis, S.-K. ,V. Gjoni & S. Gkinis (2013): Butterflies of Corfu. Natural History Museum of Salento, Corfu Press • Gremillet, X. (1998): Otter (Lutra lutra) Surveys on Corfu island and at lakes Prespa (). Proc. VIIth International Otter Colloquium, Laz • Gremillet, X. (1993): Field survey of Lutra lutra on Corfu island (Greece). IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 8: 39-42, Sizun • Legakis A. & P. Maragou (2009): The Red Book of endangered animals of Greece. Hellenic Zoological Society, Athens • Stille, B. & M. Stille (2017): The Herpetofauna of Corfu and Adjacent Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main • YPEN - Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy (2016): Natura 2000 – Standard Data Form „Limnothalassa Antinioti“. Retrieved from https://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx? site=GR2230001 • YPEN - Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy (2015): Geodata - Wildlife Sanctuaries. Retrieved from https://geodata.gov.gr/dataset/kataphugia-agrias-zoes-e-per-gr