The United Nations and the Arab Israeli Confrontation
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THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE ARAB ISRAELI CONFRONTATION THESIS PRESENTED TO THE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE By RIBHI TAKER SIHWEIL Under the Supervision of Dr. S. A. H. HAQQI Professor & Head of the Department of Political Science Department of Political Science Aiigarh Muslim University^ ALIGARH 1970 T922 T't.jiX Contents Page Preface Intro Action The m and the Arab Israeli Confrontation 1 * 22 Chapter I Palestine in the tJnited Nations 23 — 85 Chapter II The Armistice and the Uneasy Peace 86 144 Chapter III Land Without Frontier 145 174 Chapter I¥ Ihe Palestinian Refugees 175 212 Chapter V The June 1967 War end Its Be- percussions 213 283 Chapter VI Jerusalem 284 300 Conclusion 301 - 317 Bibliography i - vii Appendls I p« 47 Appendix II p. 148 PREFACE The present study "Ths United nations and the Arab Israeli Confrontation" was submitted to the Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University for the award of Ph.D. degree. During my research many people showed keen interest and helped me in many ways. I owe them all a debt. Professor Syed Anwar ul Haq Haqqi was my supervisor who has always inspired and encouraged me in my work. Without his imfailing kindness and expert guidance, I would not have been able to complete this research work. His knowledge of the subject and his comments and suggestions were always inspiring and gave me not only enlighten- ment but also .confidence. I will always remain indebted to him for his contribution to my work. I was fortunate to have worked in the magnificent joint library of the School of International Studies, Jawatiarlal Mehru University and the Indian Council of World Affairs located in Sapru House, Kew Delhi. I owe its Assistant Librarian, Mr S. Ansari special thanks for his kind and helpful attitude during my stay. I want to register my gratitude to all of my friends who have helped me in my work. KIBHI October 12, I970 Aligarh /1 m UMTED MATXOKS AKD THE AiUB-lSriAELI COKFftOHCATXOK imoDucrioK This study proposes to examine the factors and elements which were responsible for the Arab Israeli conflict with the aid of authentic records and to ejqpialn and examine the position of the two contending parties, i.e, Israel and the Arabs in the United Nations, particularly with reference to the attempts of the world body to solve the Palestine problem, which threatens peace and stability of the Middle East. The response of people towards various problems should result from a study of the genesis and an understanding of the true nature of tfc^se problems. It should follow moral principles and support legal issues with a deep consideration for justice, truth and peace. Even though it is almost impossible to be objective yet this work essentially aims to ascertain the facts dispassionately regarding the rival claims of the Arabs and the Israelis concerning the Palestine question. It is assumed that the solution of this problem would satisfy all the peace-loving people, who confirm their faith in solving world problems through peaceful means in accordance with the United Nations Charter. Such an endeavour would further strengthen their belief in the principle of peaceful coexistence among nations and their degire to achieve dignity and prosperity for the human family. The motivating forces behind the Arab Israeli antagonism /2 Which Caused the viest Asian crisis would best be understood if the historical backgi-ound is Ijept in mind. The distant past is related with both the recent past and the present. Since time juDMnemorial the two communities - the Arabs and the Israelis - regard Palestine as their homeland. The Zionists call it Israel, but to the Arabs it is Palestine. The Arabs have no quarrel with the Jews, as members of a religious faith, or as members of a particular race. As for reli- gion, the Arabs consider Jews to be members of the Monotheistic Community of the "People of tfae Book", and as such they are accorded reverence. Both religions have many patriarchs and pro- phets in common. As for race, both Arabs and Jews are Semitic in origin. But when the Zionists intended to create and then succeeded in establishing a state of their own in Palestine by driving out about one million Arabs who had been living peacefully in their own homes and their .own land, that they had inherited from their forefathers, the Arab-Israeli conflict started. It is a conflict between two nationalist forces, i.e. Arab nationalism and Zionism, it is essentially a political and ideological conflict caused by the damage done by the kiionist movement to the indigenous popu- lation of Palestine, also to the Jews and to Judaism. Professor Toynbte was subscribing to this point of view, when he spolie at ths Annual meeting of the iimerican Council for Judaism held at Philadelphia in May 1961. The world renowned historian warned* (1) 1. (Quoted in Menuhin, Moshe, The Decadence of Juda^^sn^ ^ Our TimB . Beirut, 1969, p, 486, /3 "The watchword of antl-Semitisia is "Back to Medieval apartheid", the watchword of iiioniam is "Back to the Medieval ghetto". Cofflmenting on the establisbment of Isxaei and Its possible reper- cussions on Judaism, toa said: "All the far-flung ghettos in the world are to be gathered into one patch of soil in Palestine to create a single consolidated ghetto there", A new organisation, Jewish Alternatives to Zionism Inc., (JAii), has recently been formed by several prominent American Jews, which is opposing iiionists who, in the opinion of its members, are degenerating Judaism. The main purpose of this organization is to conduct an educational progr/amme regaling the real issues Involved in Arab Israeli conflict and thereby promote the cause of peace in the Middle East by rejecting the nationality claims propounded by the Zionist Israelis "Jewish People" group. Elmer Berger, a distinguished Rabbi (high priest) and one of the most eminent Jewish leaders in the United States, acting executive of JA^, who has been crusading in Europe, against the 21ionist attempts to degenerate Judaism into a fanatic and expansionist ideology, sayst (2) "Our goal is to destroy this dangerous idea that the Jewish religion should be linked up with Israel and consequently with Z.ionism. Judaism is a religion, while Zionism is a political idea, initiated by Herzl to solve a certain problem under specific circuuistances". There is a vast difference between a Jew and a Zionist. 2, He was interviewed in Europe by the correspondent of the Egyptian weekly magazine Al-Musawar. Translated into English in Al-Arab^ vol. 7, No. 8, August 1968, New Delhi. A Jew is one who believes in Judaism, which Arabs regard as a noble religion, whereas -siionism seeks to provide Jews with a political and national oriefitation extrinsic to their nomal sense of belonging which seeks to demolish the organic nation- the hood of/Arabs• Israel was supposed to "constitute a British imperialist beachhead to the north of the Suez Canal" says Taylor, (3) It professes and preaches the doctrine of a superior race and political st^jremacy of the chosen few, which is against the principles of love and egalitarianistn preached by the Prophets, As observed by the British M.P, Ian Gilmourj (4) "The Zionist difficulty was that the country which they aspired to appropriate Was already occupied by another people. Hence the setting up of a iiionist state entailed two ttiingsj the mpving in of Jews and the aioving out of Arabs. The second was not an after thought, still Jess a fortunate coincidence. It was long Intended and ruthlessly carried out,.,," Gilmour adds? "Apartheid was the ideal. Land bought by the Jewish National Fund became legally, racially "Jewish" j and had always to remain so, while Arab tenants and labourers were evicted in large number,,,," He had already given an analysis of the problem (5) in an 3, Taylor, Alan H., Prelude to Israel^ New York, 1959. p. 23, 4, The Times (London), June 25, 1969, 5, About the benefit of creating the slogan of anti-Semitism and assimilation, see utterances by Zionist leaders: a- Kabbi Mordechai Kershblum of Wew York (speaking before the Zionist General Council held in January 1966), Jerusaleiq Post, 14 January 1966. p. Sj b«Dr Nahum Goldman, President of the World Zionist Organization, quoted by M^nuhln, Moshe. The Decadence of Judaism In Our Time (Kew York, Exposition press, 1965), pp. 400-401, /9 article tx> the Spectator Magazine (June 24, 1960), wherein he salds "Since the basis of Zionism is that Jewish assiniilation In other countries is in the long run Impossible ana that anti-Semitism and persecution are bound to break out sooner or later, Zionism has almost a vested Interest in racial discrimination. The Israelis BK)unt 'rescue operations* to save allegedly tlireatened Jews in other countries,,,," He addedj "In the Arab countries, Jewish difficulties and inuaigration to Israel were the result not of anti- Semitism but of Zionist activities and the existence of the State, of Israel, 2*ionlsni aggravated the disease that it professed to cure," The quarrel of the Arabs, therefore, is only with Zionism, which rests squarely on intolerance, bigotry and obscurantism, (6) Ersklne H, Childers, the noted author wi-otej (7) "The very basis of the post-war Palestine struggle was an appeal to the world*s humanitarianism over a situation deliberately designed to carnalize that humans instinct into one premise: Jewish statehood in Palestine," "None of us who remember the emotional atmosphere of the time can dismiss the role this 2»ionist campaign played in all that followed.