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Trend of Urban Mining UrbanUrban MiningMining ConferenceConference andand ForumForum AnalysisAnalysisAnalysis ofofof urbanurbanurban miningminingmining backgroundbackgroundbackground andandand potentialpotentialpotential Speaker:Speaker: TienTien--ChinChin Chang,Chang, Ph.DPh.D 2011/10/21 ExperienceExperience ProfileProfile • Current position 1.Professor,1.Professor, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, NTUT, R.O.C. 2.Dean,2.Dean, College of Engineering 3.Chairman, Recycling oriented Environmental Research Center • Education National Central University Civil EngineeringPh.D . • Specialty Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Tien-Chin ChangChang,, Ph.D. Industrial Ecology Waste Reduction and Recycling Hazardous Waste Management Website：http://www.cc.ntut.edu.tw/~tcchang/ E-mail：[email protected] Phone：886-02-27712171-4132 Fax：886-02-27811334 2 EconomicEconomic TimesTimes reportsreports relatedrelated topicstopics 2003/12/18 2004/11/15 2004/12/08 2006/11/15 3 ContentsContents 1 Background of urban mining 2 The status of urban mining in advanced countries 3 Characterization of the urban mining 4 Comparison of urban mining inTaiwan and China 5 Future trend urban mining 4 AAA、Background、、BackgroundBackground ofofof urbanurbanurban miningminingmining 5 TheThe definitiondefinition ofof urbanurban miningmining 1.Narrow sense：Recycling of WEEE, Waste Electrical 、Electronic and Equipment. 2.General：Means for recycling waste in the recycling of all metals, precious metals, rare metals, rare earth metals, plastics, rubber and glass. 6 Sustainable Development FutureFuture trendstrends International environmental trends Maximize Recycling environment Recycling industry Optimization Clean Production Urban volume reduction Reduce waste Mining Pollution Prevention Base Recycling Pollution Control Waste disposal 7 EnvironmentalEnvironmental problemsproblems facingfacing thethe worldworld Global Warmi － Desertification－ Framework Convention on Rivers and lake Climate Change and the Anti-Desertification Climate Change and the pollution and water Kyoto Protocol Convention depletion -WWC-WWC Marine pollution-pollution- Environmental International hormone (and POPs)－ maritime conventions REACH (including the prohibited throwsea and oil pollution) Wetland use and resource protection － Endangered Wildlife-Wildlife- Rassam Convention CITES.Conventionon Biological Diversity Genetically modified crops and agricultural resource － Convention Acid rain － Prevent on Biological Safety pollutants from longlong-- proliferation treaty The spread of The destruction of the hazardous waste－Basel ozone layer－Montreal Convention（RoHs、 Protocol WEEE） 8 AnalysisAnalysis ofof thethe globalglobal ofof mineralmineral resourcesresources depletiondepletion 1. Cu：45years 2. Fe：40years 3. Coal：200years 4. Oil：45years 5. Natural gas：60years 9 RestrictionsRestrictions incinerationincineration andand prohibitprohibit landfilllandfill Final disposal technology ReductionReduction technologytechnology Recycling Bury Seepage water, groundwater pollution ProductProduct Transport Combustion Ash CO2, Air pollution Waste Heat recovery WasteWaste stabilization stabilization technologytechnology UrbanUrban miningmining technologytechnology Consumer Resource ResourceResource recycling recycling Product ProductionProduction of of social social 10 GlobalGlobal pollutionpollution problemsproblems causedcaused byby wastewaste European Union EU-15 gradually 25,000萬噸 increased the amount of waste Rapid increase in the generated in 2025 will reach 25,000 amount of global waste tons, as shown 2025年 U.S. National Security Council estimated that Mainland China in 2007 in 2007 there are 150 televisions, refrigerators, million an old computer washing machines, air to wait scrap conditioners, computers and other electrical scrap five volume up to 1.5 Some major cities in Asia, million units Brazil's 2007 per day manufacturing 760,000 tons leads to 14 million tons per day of solid waste, of municipal solid waste forecast to 2025, will reach 1.8 million tons per day According to United Nations estimates , electronic waste discarded globally each year up to 5,000 tons. Amount of global waste will increase two times to 2020 of 1980 faster than the population growth rate. 11 RHYTHMS MONTHLY(2009/8) 12 ContinentalContinental recyclingrecycling statusstatus ofof environmentalenvironmental pollutionpollution Guiyu was all over the river has been filled with E-Waste ... open burning has been transferred to the more remote the village ... .. RHYTHMS MONTHLY(2009/8) 13 All kinds of information items of waste ... ... ... CD. Cable. India's street children living out of resources. Developed countries in the eyes of garbage … Often the eyes of the people behind the development of gold. RHYTHMS MONTHLY(2009/8) 14 Soldering iron to burn melt solder Ancestral farmland left field To burn waste board by coal stove In front reduced to a waste pile of his house!! RHYTHMS MONTHLY(2009/8) 15 EE- -WasteWaste problemproblem E-Waste Waste problem still exists!! Manua l disma mantling scra p wire Mu mbai Ecore le eco a ha gitimat handf ate rec ul of Child handheld magnetic Zhuang hammer cycler s in search of precious metals in the garbage RHYTHMS MONTHLY(2009/8) 16 UrbanUrban miningmining conceptconcept • 18,000 computers in the IC board (2.2 tons), can be extracted from 288 kg of copper, 44 kg tin, 1 kg of gold.gold. • According to Japan Electronics and Telecommunications Carriers Association, 66,000 handsets recycled 1 kg of goldgold,, 97,000 handsets recycled 1 kg silver.silver. Ore Waste Recycling (tons) Shortage of resources, mining ore can be useful are low metal content, benefit from higher waste recycling Source ：UNEP，Vital waste graphics II 17 UrbanUrban MiningMining VSVS ConventionalConventional miningmining Urban Mining Conventional mining Use：metal content of waste Crust Recovery：recovery process Deposit Disintegration : Remove of renewable resources Ore Separation:：removal of impurities Concentrate Regeneration：recycling of metal Metal 18 BBB、、、 TheThe The statusstatusstatus ofofof urbanurbanurban miningminingmining ininin advancedadvancedadvanced countriescountriescountries 19 ResourceResource controlcontrol stragiesstragies inin ChinaChina 一. Control projects in 2015: Cu、Pb、Al、Zn、Ni、 W、 Mo 、Sn 二. Control production and exports 三. Since 2006 a series of policies to promote in China : 1)Export restrictions 2)Elimination of export subsidies 3)Cancel tax rebates and four of raw materials increased export tariffstariffs on metals 四. The U.S. and the EU filed complaints with the WTO 20 ResourceResource protectionprotection policypolicy inin JapanJapan 21 TheThe amountamount ofof accumulationaccumulation ofof urbanurban miningmining inin JapanJapan The amount of accumulation of major urban mining in Japan (ton) The amount of The amount of Annual accumulation of accumulation of Country Metals world urban mine in the urban mine in (B) / (A) ranking consumption world Japan ％ (A) (B) Sb 112,000 1,800,000 340,000 19.13％ 3 Cu 15,300,000 480,000,000 38,000,000 8.06％ 2 Au 2,500 42,000 6,800 16.36％ 1 In 450 2,800 1,700 61.05％ 1 Pb 3,300,000 57,000,000 5,600,000 9.85％ 1 Pt 445 71,000 2,500 3.59％ 3 Ag 19,500 270,000 60,000 22.42％ 2 Ta 1,290 43,000 4,400 10.41％ 3 22 ExamplesExamples ofof urbanurban miningmining inin SwedenSweden Since 2001 Sweden began to notice buried in the airborne cables or cables in soil of a large social services network, such as water supply system or telecommunications network systems, although over time, some systems have to stop using, so these resourcesAccording to "sleep "the to state statistics: is left behind. it is more than 1800 tons Therefore, the two cities in Sweden where the use of theof grid, copperthe local can power be recycled grid through a quantitative model, represented by the grid to find economies of in Gothenburg scale, and the results show that in large cities, even 20%in of Gothenburg the grid is no longer in use. Gothenburg Linköping Type of cable Airborne Cables Airborne Cables cables in soil cables in soil Medium- voltage 161 2106 307 653 (6 - 24 kV) Low-voltage (0.4 kV) 310 4305 88 2112 Total length 6882 km 3160 km 23 CCC、Characterization、、CharacterizationCharacterization ofofof thethethe urbanurbanurban miningminingmining 24 AnalysisAnalysis ofof urbanurban miningmining 25 SupplySupply andand regenerationregeneration ofof nonnon--ferrousferrous metalsmetals inin ChinaChina Supply of non-ferrous metals Annual production of renewable resources 1.In: Storage of top 1, Supply of 80% 1. Cu: 300 million tons / year 2. W: storage of top 1 , Supply of 85% 2. Pb: 1.35 million tons / year 3. Rare earths: storage of top 1,Supply of 80% 3. Al: 300 million tons / year 4. Ge: storage of top 1, Supply of 50% 4. Steel: 83 million tons / year 5. Mo: storage of top 2, Supply of 24% 5. Plastic: 12 million tons / year 26 TheThe requirementsrequirements ofof demonstrationdemonstration basebase ofof urbanurban miningmining 1. Recovery system network 2. Rationalization of industry links 3. Formalization of resources use 4. Leadership of technical equipment 5. Sharing of infrastructure 6. Centralization of dealing with environmental protection 7. Standardization of operational management P.S 摘自:國家發改會、財政部之「關於開展城市礦產示範基地建設之通知」 27 DevelopmentDevelopment strategystrategy ofof urbanurban miningmining inin ChinaChina Since 2010 five years will build 30 base of urban mining in China Targets for 2015 are as follows Cu 1.5 million tons Al 0.2 million tons Pb 0.35 million tons Plastic 1.8 million tons 28
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