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New Orleans’ Historic Neighborhoods Central Business District & Lower Garden District

PRESERVATION RESOURCE CENTER ARCHITECTURAL GUIDE N EIGHBORHOOD E VENTS FA L L

What’s going down Art for Arts’ Sake Crescent City Blues & BBQ Festival around here? Fried Chicken Festival Pelicans play at the through April

S P RIN G WIN TER

St. Patrick’s Day block party and parade Allstate Sugar Bowl on LUNA Fête Wednesdays at the Square music series Mardi Gras parades along St. Charles Avenue in Lafayette Square NOLA Christmas Fest

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Bayou Country Superfest GO DEEPER ESSENCE Festival play at Mercedes-Benz For details on these and other great Superdome through January New Orleans events year-round, see Whitney White Linen Night NewOrleansOnline.com/calendar W E A SKE D L O C A L S DEBORAH BURST A U THO R What is your favorite I was captured by the Baroque beauty of spot in the city? the interior of St. Alphonsus Church in 2004 and have been writing about historic churches ever since.

SUZY MASON SAVANNAH STRACHAN C O F OUNDER A N D FO RME R DIRE C T O R , C A S TIN G DIR E C T O R L O U I S I ANA G R EEN C O R P S I love to walk the slice of the city between One of my favorite things to do in New Canal Street and Poydras, especially at Orleans is to sit on the swings in front of the lunchtime on a weekday — the streets are Port Authority building. From these swings crowded with businessmen, secretaries, you can see the underbelly of the Crescent waiters, chefs, judges, lawyers, laborers… City Connection and watch the ships pass on it’s the 1930s come alive. The architectural the Mississippi. backdrop — all the iconic monuments of the New Orleans skyline — feed the feeling PATRICIA H. GAY of being in another time. In a tradition that E X ECU TIV E DIR E C T O R , hasn’t changed in decades, at noon in the P R E S E R VAT I O N RES O U R C E C E NTE R CBD, the rich, the poor and everyone in between rub elbows at the lunch counter. When I am on Constance Street, approaching Josephine, with St. Mary’s ROSE LEBRETON Assumption, a German church, on one side AT T ORN E Y and St. Alphonsus, an Irish Church, on the other, I also think of the French church, Notre The shade of Lafayette Square walking from Dame de Bon Secour, which was a block work to lunch at Herbsaint in the summer. away until the 1920s. I am lled with awe at the thought of so many people of German, Irish and French origin lling these streets on their way to Mass. This streetscape emanates the vitality and rich diversity of New Orleans when it was one of the largest cities in the country.

Quotes from New Orleans: Days and Nights in the Dreamy City by Mary Fitzpatrick. 6

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4

H I S T ORIC DIS TRIC T S — A PR OJECT OF — WITH S UPPORT OF —

Vieux Carré and 1 Algiers Point

New Marigny, Gentilly 2 Terrace and Edgewood Park

Upper & Lower Central 3 Business District and 923 Tchoupitoulas St. 2020 Saint Charles Ave. Lower Garden District New Orleans, LA 70130 New Orleans, LA 70130 Phone— 504 581 7032 Phone— 504 524 4784 Irish Channel, Garden District Email— [email protected] Email— sta @notmc.com 4 and Central City Hours— Mon Fri 9 AM 5 PM Hours— Mon Fri 8.30 AM 5 PM

Faubourg Marigny, Bywater The mission of the Preservation New Orleans Tourism Marketing 5 and Holy Cross Resource Center— Corporation (NOTMC) is a private economic development corporation Mid-City, Parkview, To promote the preservation, created under State Law 6 Esplanade Ridge and restoration, and revitalization of to foster jobs and economic growth South Lakeview New Orleans’ historic architecture by developing the tourism industry in and neighborhoods. New Orleans. Broadmoor, Carrollton 7 and Uptown MAPPING & DESIG N B Y — PHO T OGR APHY B Y —

New Orleans’ National Erik Kiesewetter / Constance Rebecca Ann Ratli / NOTMC 8 Register Historic Districts weareconstance.org notmc.com

This project has been funded in part by a grant from the Johanna Favrot Fund for Historic Preservation of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. UPPER & LOWER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

the year. The Warehouse District has art Preservationists organized in the 1970s to the CBD as two di erent districts: the Upper galleries, world class museums, excellent stop the demolition of 19th and early 20th- and Lower Central Business District. restaurants and luxurious condos for century buildings and to encourage their lucky residents. renovation. They remain just as vigilant today. Today, thanks to the visionary e orts of The City Council established the Central Michael Manjarris/Sculpture for New Orleans, Part of the huge plantation allotted to New Business District Historic District Landmarks you can nd scores of world-class sculptures Orleans founder Jean Baptiste LeMoyne Siuer Commission to govern the neighborhoods’ by local, national and internationally known de Bienville in 1719, the lands comprising the demolition and new construction in 1978. artists throughout the CBD, including 22 CBD were sold to the Jesuits in 1723, then Since then, an incredible amount of private on Poydras Street sponsored by the Helis divided among several smaller landowners, investment has seen the adaptation of historic Foundation. including Bertrand Gravier and Delord commercial buildings into hotels, residences, Sarpy, in 1863. Gravier subdivided his lands o ces and more. The Louisiana World With a cultural economic value of roughly $50 in 1788, forming New Orleans’ rst o cially Exposition of 1984 further revitalized the area, million, this e ort has enhanced the fabric incorporated neighborhood, Faubourg turning the sleepy Warehouse District into of the neighborhood signi cantly through St. Marie. With the construction of the a vibrant neighborhood with art galleries, an unprecedented display of public art in an First Presbyterian Church, the St. Charles restaurants, hotels and residences. urban setting post Katrina. Hotel and the St. Charles Theater, the The National Register of Historic Places lists new “American Sector” (so-called for the Americans who settled here) had begun to challenge the Vieux Carré as New Orleans’ nancial and cultural center by the 1830s.

Welcome to the bustling Central Business In the beginning of the 20th century, the District, several distinct neighborhoods rolled CBD was a thriving commercial and retail up together into one vibrant urban core. The center, and its growth continued after historic commercial heart of the city of New the Depression. But by the 1960s, the Orleans, Canal Street, is alive 24 hours a day, Industrial Canal had rerouted port activity, with hotels, restaurants, shops, and its own and suburban shopping malls had emptied streetcar line taking tourists and residents downtown. Highway construction further along a beautiful stretch of impressive endangered the residential population; during historic structures. Picayune Place, a historic this era, downtown was kept a oat by its district in the nancial heart of the city, is proximity to the preserved French Quarter dominated by o ces and residences, all and stable uptown neighborhoods. In 1963, within ne buildings over a century old. Poydras Street, once the site of a historic Lafayette Square, anchored by Gallier Hall, market, was widened to accommodate high- New Orleans’ former City Hall, is a welcome rise o ce towers. The land speculation that greenspace downtown that hosts a free followed saw entire blocks razed for o ce midweek concert series in the spring, and buildings and parking lots. several diverse weekend festivals throughout LOWER GARDEN DISTRICT

the Bridge can be seen from In 1970, young “urban pioneers” began to move the second and third oors of homes and into the neighborhood, attracted by potentially apartments above Magazine Street’s bustling ne homes in a park setting. They began businesses — and Uptown alike is entirely buying the mansions on and around Coliseum convenient. And its o erings are one-of-a- Square Park and reverting them back to single- kind, from historic churches that rival the family homes from their chopped-up, multi- cathedrals of Europe to old-world artisans and apartment states. When the State of Louisiana service providers who operate shops within announced plans for a second bridge between the neighborhood, such as Irish barber Aidan Race and Felicity streets, these pioneers Gill, whose barbershop o ers Guinness and fought the proposal, placed the neighborhood whiskey with hot-towel shaves. on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and defeated the second span that same Laid out in 1806-07 by Barthelemy Lafon as year. Thanks to their tireless e orts, the Camp an open, semi-urban system of interrelated Street bridge ramp was removed in 1994. parks with basins, fountains and canals, Preservation of the neighborhood has been the Lower Garden District was “one of the further bolstered through the years by the earliest expressions of the Greek Revival to publication of the rst Friends of the Cabildo Photo— Liz Jurey appear in New Orleans,” according to noted New Orleans Architecture series book — architect Samuel Wilson, Jr. The streets Vol. 1, The Lower Garden District — bringing still bear the names of the nine muses of greater public awareness to the area’s Greek mythology, and many of the mid-19th incredible architectural o erings, and by century Greek Revival and Italianate homes the Preservation Resource Center’s e orts Stroll down Magazine Street, buzzing built in this classical setting remain. German in the late 1980s and 1990s, via their with shoppers and diners visiting the local and Irish immigrants began to populate the Operation Comeback department, to revitalize boutiques, renowned restaurants or sultry neighborhood in the 1840s, de ning the whole swaths of the neighborhood. These bars lining the neighborhood’s commercial neighborhood for many generations. The St. e orts made homeownership and renovations thoroughfare, or relax in the shade of a live- Thomas Housing Project was constructed from more accessible to new residents, and oak tree in Coliseum Square, or one of the 1939-1947, further altering the neighborhood. helped turn many blocks throughout the Lower Garden District’s other pocket parks. No During the Depression, many of the mansions neighborhood around. matter where you are, you will meet residents turned into boarding houses and apartments. walking their dogs, chatting with neighbors or The neighborhood further declined as Newcomers continue to work to preserve playing in the grass. The Lower Garden District residents moved to the suburbs after WWII this important historic neighborhood. The is a diverse neighborhood whose streets are to take advantage of lower government- population continues to grow, and property alive with a passionate population of residents insured mortgage interest rates that were not values are higher than ever. It remains diverse, who simply love where they live. available to most inner-city homebuyers. The however: a mixture of young and old, families construction of the Mississippi River Bridge in and single people, mansions and a ordable And why wouldn’t they? The proximity to 1956 fostered still more decline, as an onramp housing, all living amongst schools, churches, the amenities of both the Central Business was constructed over a neighborhood park and shops, and all that the Lower Garden District District — the city’s skyline and the lights of commuter tra c clogged the streets. has to o er. D A U P H I N

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E N A B P Y A S 510 O’Keefe Ave never built. Instead, it became a prestigious, G C A E

R 13 R O H E A L A K R R V L C L I - L E M X T N tree-lined avenue where wealthy people built Take Josephine Street back up to Magazine

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2 U O I L R E Street and turn right. Veer left at Sophie B. M C ROOSEVELTM HOTEL 1906 ORPHEUML THEATER 1921 showplaces up until 1858 when Canal became

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123 Baronne St L 129 Roosevelt Way the city’s principal business artery. Most of

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B C U P N Built as the Fairmont Hotel, HueyE Long had HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING 1921 Though the strip fell on hard times as shopping and handicapped, was one of the most T R - L M 14 O Y Y a suite here, and its Blue Room hostedU Ella Union at Gravier St moved to the suburbs in the 1960s, the post- infuential teachers, philanthropists and D O R S L R A A E E U F G N L 11 Fitzgerald, Sonny and Cher and Bette Midler, Katrina economy brought a retail boom back reformers of her time in New Orleans, P I O I U A L I X O N N S 14 I Y E R D R N A E B ROUTE I to Canal, and businesses within the historic advocating in the late 19th/early 20th-century S among other stars.O — Piazza d’Italia Artistic Rendering END G U T L N E E A for prison reform, temperance, public L 8 Y MARGARET HAUGHERY structures are once again thriving. Start at N L S L E E 15 N 4 N O D L O the base of Canal Street near the river and playgrounds and the education of women N 1884 R R STATUE R N E E R L I Z A E R A E O Y A N P

A T R H E R R B U SAENGER THEATER 1926 Margaret Place walk up, passing frst the U.S. Custom House with old factories and warehouses being and the poor. Sophie B. Wright Place turns

C E N C N F A Y 3 I E S T C . A Z L P C A T C N O (1848-1880) at 423 Canal, which has one of the transformed into homes and ofces, galleries into Camp Street; continue along Camp, A 1101-07 Canal St A I C

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O BEGIN A fnest Greek Revival rooms in the country. 622 and museums, all while maintaining historic noticing the incredible housing stock that 12 I E Created by sculptor Alexander Doyle, this

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N The most popular movie and live performance monument was built to honor “Mother Canal St. (1859) is a rare surviving cast iron- character and feel. Some buildings’ original begins fronting the greenspace. Veer left onto E

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BEGIN showhouse in theV city has an incredible interior Margaret,” a local hero who cared for children. fronted commercial building. Painter Edgar uses have been maintained, however; take a stone-paved Felicity Street, the downriver O E

R 5 LAFAYETTE C with endless fourishes. Closed for years after Degas’ grandfather, Germain Musson, built left onto Camp Street and walk past gorgeous boundary of Orleans Parish until 1852. The SQUARE O P E L O U S A S

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E R 633-35-37 Canal St. (1825), three of the oldest restored townhomes on your left and charming house at 1309 Felicity St. was built P Katrina, the theater underwent a multimillion

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D A U A St. Patrick’s Church (724 Camp St.) on your by architect James Freret for his family in 10 O commercial buildings on the street. Coleman dollar restoration, reopening in 2014.C GRACE KING HOUSE 1847 M

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D E E S T L I D R V E L L E I K L Z L right to a taste of what this block has looked 1880, and backs up to the house that architect L A 1749 Coliseum St E. Adler Jewelers has operated on the site of E S F

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E O N 718-20 and 22 Canal since 1897. 901 and 923 like for generations. Henry Howard built for Freret’s father-in-law,

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U L S 400 Block Corinthian columns gracing its front, named Kress (1910) department stores, are now part Meander through side streets, admiring the brings you to Coliseum Square Park, the R E H

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R H for the Louisiana historian and author who lived of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Take a quick left many restored buildings in this boisterous grandest in the neighborhood, with a fountain A C

H . N O T C 7 T R of of Canal Street onto Baronne to see the neighborhood full of hotels and residences, preserved and maintained by members of E This stretch was named by the Smithsonian as here from 1905-1932. S D N . A E W T O M E N T S

S A acclaimed restaurants and art galleries, and the local neighborhood group, the Coliseum H the most important in jazz history in America, long-fashionable Roosevelt Hotel (1906) at 123 O L

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O make your way back towards Canal Street. Square Association. Walk through the park R E as it includes venues critical to the founding Baronne St., and the Moorish-style Immaculate

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C of jazz: the Eagle Saloon (401-03), the Iroquois ST. ALPHONSUS ART AND

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E N T District, the former fnancial heart of the city. the muse blowing her horn at the corner of

P H H Theater (413-15) and the fomer Karnofsky home CULTURE CENTER 1855 Baronne across the street. Get back to Canal

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S and take a left to see the Saenger Theater In the 1830s Magazine Street became “banker’s Prytania. Turn right on Prytania, passing B&Bs

O and tailoring shop (427). 2029 Constance St.

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LEE U I (1926) at 1101-07 Canal St., which underwent row,” then cofee roasters and packers set up and restaurants, arriving several blocks down

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D C E This stunning Italianate former church, a a glorious renovation in 2014. Other renovated along Magazine and Tchoupitoulas as banking to another pocket park dedicated to a diferent V H A 9 L R D I A B T A N M O

R D R N D GALLIER HALL 1845 National Historic Landmark, has frescoes historic theaters nearby include the circa institutions moved to Camp Street. Picayune infuential female philanthropist: Margaret Y A E W C I E L N H I 5 I G G L O E I N

X ROUTE S 545 St. Charles Ave by Italian painter Dominique Canova and 1906 Civic Theater (510 O’Keefe Ave.) and the Place, for which the district was named, was Haughery (1813-1888). Margaret, a poor

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S O E Y UPPER CENTRAL impressive statuary within. circa 1921 Orpheum Theater (129 Roosevelt lined with newspaper ofces and printers. immigrant herself, made an amazing impact

C F A . W R R A E BUSINESS DISTRICT O E Y R / in New Orleans caring for immigrant children.

A This former City Hall, designed by James Way), which was successfully and beautifully T B I O U S I

N J Gallier, is still in civic use. It is a National Historic rehabilitated a decade after sufering food The marble statue of Margaret in the middle E O H S N 15 S C CENTRAL CITY H U 9 R C 0 H S E Landmark, and is a nationally signifcant ST. MARY’S ASSUMPTION damage during Hurricane Katrina. LOWER GARDEN DISTRICT of triangular Margaret’s Place, like most I L L C H A

S 18 E R L example of Greek Revival architecture. CHURCH 1858 monuments throughout the city, is cared for by R E A E N N I M A G I L H K 923 Josephine St Taking a left onto Elk Place from the Saenger Riding the Magazine Street bus from Poydras the nonproft Monumental Task Committee. , C

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B S Theater and continuing on Loyola Avenue Street is an excellent way to understand L T V

E D R P S ST. PATRICK’S CHURCH 1840 This church, built for a German congregation, will lead you to New Orleans City Hall at the relationship between the Lower Garden I C 6

H T O H R A 724 Camp St is still active. Duncan Plaza. Note the mid-century modern District and the slightly-older Central Business E E L E U I

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R N P New Orleans Public Library main branch District. In the 1200-1400 blocks of Magazine

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T P O M L S Designed by James Dakin, this National Historic building at 219 Loyola Ave (1960). Stroll down Street, you’ll pass through an area of Greek Y A E C R E S C E N T C I T Y C O N N E C T I O N B R I D G E L N M I P N O N O

I M A A Poydras Street to see New Orleans’ answer Revival buildings with second-foor balconies E C Landmark is one of the nation’s earliest and FATHER SEELOS SHRINE T N E

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R typical of the 1850s and 1860s. A fne example T fnest examples of Gothic Revival architecture. 919 Josephine St to the downtown high-rise corridor; whereas

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heights on Canal Street are limited, to keep the is the McKendrick House at 1474 Magazine St.

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I Attached to St. Mary’s Assumption Church is historic three-to-fve story scale, on Poydras This beautiful three-story masonry home was O T I E R P T S I JULIA ROW 1833 a shrine to Father Seelos, beatifed in 2000, Street, the sky’s the limit. At the corner of S. built in 1865 by a wealthy plumber originally C H N COLISEUM O R 7 E E

SQUARE V 600-624 Julia St who ministered to the sick in New Orleans. Rampart Street is a restored jazz hall; meander from Scotland who relocated his family

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U 16 C along S. Rampart to see the 400 block, which to New Orleans. It underwent a complete E R U T N A E R R S O N P E E N D E I A H The “Thirteen Sisters” is one of the fnest the Smithsonian has proclaimed is the most restoration in 2004. Across the street is the

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L examples of “American” architecture developed KINGSLEY HOUSE 1896 important stretch of jazz venues in America. massive brick St. Vincent’s Orphan Asylum I C 20 I R S T A T C E in New Orleans’ “American Sector.” 1600 Constance St The Eagle Saloon (401-03), Iroquois Theater (1501 Magazine St.), built in 1864. Two blocks . Y

M ANNUNCIATION I A (413-15) and former Karnofsky home and further, at Felicity Street, is the start of the S R SQUARE T Y .

A The oldest settlement house in the South. tailoring shop (427), where Louis Armstrong Magazine Street shopping district, which

N O D R A J T N S R G E O 1858 found employment and friendship as a child, national travel writers have dubbed among H FACTOR’S ROW E S 8 W G E I P R 802-822 Perdido St are important markers of the founding of the the “hippest” in America. Veer right to stay on H

I W J N A E R S B I American art form of jazz. Magazine and have fun shopping at a variety C C H FORMER SHAARAEI FIFILAH A K R S D 21 E S I O G The city’s former center of cotton trading. SYNAGOGUE 1857 of boutiques, galleries and antiques stores. H 5 N N P I 20

T P O I 709 Jackson Ave Get back to Poydras and walk towards the Restaurants boast an impressive variety of S M S M U A A E C H I S river, turning right onto St. Charles to get to ethnic cuisines, interspersed amongst bars and L 22 O S C A T THE PRESERVATION Now apartments, this building was the second Lafayette Square. Beginning in the 1820s, cafes. Storefronts typically have residences L S U S 9 N U M U T A R S K O O above, on second and third foors, refecting E E T RESOURCE CENTER 1853 synagogue built in New Orleans. Lafayette Square attracted fne new homes 17 I H LOWER GARDEN T I C G

I P DISTRICT S 923 Tchoupitoulas St and important churches, followed by several the classic 19th-century arrangement. — McKendrick House Architectural Rendering. L U S R E O E R 18 H T spectacular row house projects. Gallier Hall

C E

S T P T . GARDEN DISTRICT J A M Turn left of of Magazine Street onto St. E . Distinguished by its cast-iron Gothic Revival MARKET ST POWER PLANT 1905 (1845-1850) on the square was New Orleans’ 19 A S I S

W 22 Drawings courtesy of the Historic American Buildings E façade, the building was designed by Gallier and 1600 S. Peters St City Hall from 1853-1956. Continue down St. Andrew Street, and then right onto Constance P P Survey, Library of Congress I A Street. In the 2000 block, fnd the stunning St. H Turpin for the Leeds Iron Foundry, and today Charles Avenue to Julia Street to see Julia E D C M I N E L / Z Alphonsus Art and Cultural Center, a former A E houses the headquarters of this nonproft. This incredible structure once powered a bulk Row (1833), a block of brick townhouses G A A BOETTNER M W E PARK of the city of New Orleans with power. between St. Charles and Camp with ground Catholic church with an interior to rival any E P C P N I A S foor shops and residences above, also known cathedral in Europe. The Redemptorist Fathers Sites in red are numbered on accompanying T H A S C M N . O N U O N S came to New Orleans in 1842 to minister to the map. Use caution, trust your judgement and C S H PIAZZA D’ITALIA 1978 as the “Thirteen Sisters.” In the mid 1970s 21 T . 10 T S Lafayette and Commerce St MCKENDRICK HOUSE 1865 the Preservation Resource Center restored poor German and Irish immigrants focking to be aware of your surroundings as you explore L E 23 R U U 1474 Magazine St 604 Julia St. and was headquartered there the area, and three Catholic churches were New Orleans. A N A L E I O S T S A U This urban plaza, designed by noted post- until 2001; with this spark, other progressive constructed in this vicinity to cater to the I O C R N U N modern architect Charles Moore and Perez A fne example of the Lower Garden District’s individuals purchased and renovated other various populations. St. Alphonsus served the N A Julia Row buildings, turning it from a blighted Irish population; across the street, St. Mary’s A Architects, was commissioned by the New Greek Revival residential architecture. GO DEEPER W E P I P Orleans’ Italian-American community as a block of fophouses to the vibrant block it Assumption was constructed in 1858 for the H C symbol of the Italian immigrant experience of is today. Germans. The still-active church also has a Create your own itinerary, get inspired by their forefathers. It is considered a masterpiece ST. THERESA OF AVILA stunning interior that is must-see. Notre Dame celebrities and fnd their favorite places 24 by fans of post-modern architecture, though its CATHOLIC CHURCH 1848 There are many wonderful examples of de Bon Secours, formerly on Jackson Avenue, to eat, drink, and play in New Orleans at NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT HISTORIC DISTRICT LANDMARKS COMMISSION BOUNDARY WALKING PATH ROUTE SITE OF INTEREST STREETCAR ROUTE local popularity has varied through the years. 1404 Erato St adaptive reuse in the Central Business District, now demolished, served the French. The FollowYourNOLA.com 6

E X P L ORE 1 5 7 2 3

4

H I S T ORIC DIS TRIC T S — A PR OJECT OF — WITH S UPPORT OF —

Vieux Carré and 1 Algiers Point

New Marigny, Gentilly 2 Terrace and Edgewood Park

Upper & Lower Central 3 Business District and 923 Tchoupitoulas St. 2020 Saint Charles Ave. Lower Garden District New Orleans, LA 70130 New Orleans, LA 70130 Phone— 504 581 7032 Phone— 504 524 4784 Irish Channel, Garden District Email— [email protected] Email— sta @notmc.com 4 and Central City Hours— Mon Fri 9 AM 5 PM Hours— Mon Fri 8.30 AM 5 PM

Faubourg Marigny, Bywater The mission of the Preservation New Orleans Tourism Marketing 5 and Holy Cross Resource Center— Corporation (NOTMC) is a private economic development corporation Mid-City, Parkview, To promote the preservation, created under Louisiana State Law 6 Esplanade Ridge and restoration, and revitalization of to foster jobs and economic growth South Lakeview New Orleans’ historic architecture by developing the tourism industry in and neighborhoods. New Orleans. Broadmoor, Carrollton 7 and Uptown MAPPING & DESIG N B Y — PHO T OGR APHY B Y —

New Orleans’ National Erik Kiesewetter / Constance Rebecca Ann Ratli / NOTMC 8 Register Historic Districts weareconstance.org notmc.com

This project has been funded in part by a grant from the Johanna Favrot Fund for Historic Preservation of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.