Claude E Ake: the Making of an Organic Intellectual by Jeremiah Arowosegbe

Claude E Ake: the making of an organic intellectual by Jeremiah Arowosegbe TERMS of USE TheAfrican Humanities Program has made this electronic version of the book available on the NISC website for free download to use in research or private study. It may not be re-posted on book or other digital repositories that allow systematic sharing or download. For any commercial or other uses please contact the publishers, NISC (Pty) Ltd. Print copies of this book and other titles in the African Humanities Series are available through the African Books Collective. © African Humanities Program Dedication In loving memory of my father Joshua Sunday Adenigba Arowosegbe and my grandfather Matthew Olaseinde Arowosegbe About the Series The African Humanities Series is a partnership between the African Humanities Program (AHP) of the American Council of Learned Societies and academic publishers NISC (Pty) Ltd*. The Series covers topics in African histories, languages, literatures, philosophies, politics and cultures. Submissions are solicited from Fellows of the AHP, which is administered by the American Council of Learned Societies and financially supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. The purpose of the AHP is to encourage and enable the production of new knowledge by Africans in the five countries designated by the Carnegie Corporation: Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. AHP fellowships support one year’s work free from teaching and other responsibilities to allow the Fellow to complete the project proposed. Eligibility for the fellowship in the five countries is by domicile, not nationality. Book proposals are submitted to the AHP editorial board which manages the peer review process and selects manuscripts for publication by NISC. In some cases, the AHP board will commission a manuscript mentor to undertake substantive editing and to work with the author on refining the final manuscript. The African Humanities Series aims to publish works of the highest quality that will foreground the best research being done by emerging scholars in the five Carnegie designated countries. The rigorous selection process before the fellowship award, as well as AHP editorial vetting of manuscripts, assures attention to quality. Books in the series are intended to speak to scholars in Africa as well as in other areas of the world. The AHP is also committed to providing a copy of each publication in the series to university libraries in Africa. *early titles in the series was published by Unisa Press, but the publishing rights to the entire series are now vested in NISC AHP Editorial Board Members as at January 2019 AHP Series Editors: Professor Adigun Agbaje*, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Professor Emeritus Fred Hendricks, Rhodes University, South Africa Consultant: Professor Emeritus Sandra Barnes, University of Pennsylvania, USA (Anthropology) Board Members: 1 Professor Akosua Adomako Ampofo, Institute of African Studies, Ghana (Gender Studies & Advocacy) (Vice President, African Studies Association of Africa) 2 Professor Kofi Anyidoho, University of Ghana, Ghana (African Studies & Literature) (Director, Codesria African Humanities Institute Program) 3 Professor Ibrahim Bello-Kano, Bayero University, Nigeria (Dept of English and French Studies) 4 Professor Sati Fwatshak, University of Jos, Nigeria (Dept of History & International Studies) 5 Professor Patricia Hayes, University of the Western Cape, South Africa (African History, Gender Studies and Visuality) (SARChI Chair in Visual History and Theory) 6 Associate Professor Wilfred Lajul, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda (Dept of Philosophy) 7 Professor Yusufu Lawi, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania (Dept of History) 8 Professor Bertram Mapunda, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Dept of Archaeology & Heritage Studies) 9 Professor Innocent Pikirayi, University of Pretoria, South Africa (Chair & Head, Dept of Anthropology & Archaeology) 10 Professor Josephat Rugemalira, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania (Dept of Foreign Languages & Linguistics) 11 Professor Idayat Bola Udegbe, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (Dept of Psychology) *replaced Professor Kwesi Yankah, Cental Univerity College, Ghana, co-editor from 2013–2016 Published in this series Dominica Dipio, Gender terrains in African cinema, 2014 Ayo Adeduntan, What the forest told me: Yoruba hunter, culture and narrative performance, 2014 Sule E. Egya, Nation, power and dissidence in third-generation Nigerian poetry in English, 2014 Irikidzayi Manase, White narratives: The depiction of post-2000 land invasions in Zimbabwe, 2016 Pascah Mungwini, Indigenous Shona Philosophy: Reconstructive insights, 2017 Sylvia Bruinders, Parading Respectability: The Cultural and Moral Aesthetics of the Christmas Bands Movement in the Western Cape, South Africa, 2017 Michael Andindilile, The Anglophone literary-linguistic continuum: English and indigenous languages in African literary discourse, 2018 Jeremiah Arowosegbe, Claude E Ake: the making of an organic intellectual, 2018 Romanus Aboh, Language and the construction of multiple identities in the Nigerian novel, 2018 Bernard Matolino, Consensus as Democracy in Africa, 2018 Babajide Ololajulo, Unshared Identity: Posthumous paternity in a contemporary Yoruba community, 2018 Claude E. Ake The making of an organic intellectual JEREMIAH O. AROWOSEGBE Originally published in 2018 by Unisa Press, South Africa under ISBN: 978-1-86888-808-5 This edition published in South Africa on behalf of the African Humanities Program by NISC (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 377, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa www.nisc.co.za NISC first edition, first impression 2019 Publication © African Humanities Program 2018, 2019 Text © Jeremiah O. Arowosegbe 2018, 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN: 978-1-920033-53-8 (print) ISBN: 978-1-920033-54-5 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-920033-55-2 (ePub) Copy Editor: Shakira Hoosain Series designer: Thea Bester-Swanepoel Typesetting: Maria Kirstein Cover design: Nozipho Noble Indexer: Elsabé Nell The author and the publisher have made every effort to obtain permission for and acknowledge the use of copyright material. Should an inadvertent infringement of copyright have occurred, please contact the publisher and we will rectify omissions or errors in any subsequent reprint or edition. Contents Abbreviations and acronyms viii Preface and acknowledgements x 1. Introduction 1 2. Biographical and theoretical orientations 29 3. African studies and the bias of Eurocentricism 78 4. The contribution of Claude Ake 134 5. Conclusion 169 Bibliographies A: Works by Claude E. Ake 175 B: Works on Claude E. Ake 181 Index 202 vii Abbreviations and acronyms AAPS African Association of Political Science AG Action Group AISA Africa Institute of South Africa ANC African National Congress AAI African-American Institute AHP African Humanities Programme ACLS American Council of Learned Societies ASA African Studies Association ASC African Studies Centre CAS Centre for African Studies CASS Centre for Advanced Social Science CHR Centre for Humanities Research CODESRIA Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa CODICE CODESRIA Documentation and Information Centre CSSSC Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta DAAD German Academic Exchange Service viii Abbreviations and acronyms HIV/AIDS Human Immune-deficiencyVirus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HSRC Human Sciences Research Council ICSSR Indian Council of Social Science Research IDIs In-depth Interviews IISH International Institute of Social History IISS International Institute of Social Studies IMF International Monetary Fund IPSA International Political Science Association IPSR International Political Science Review NCNC National Council for Nigeria and Cameroons NDES Niger Delta Environmental Survey NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NPSA Nigerian Political Science Association NUC National Universities Commission OAU Organization of African Unity OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries PhD Doctor of Philosophy SSHC Senior Staff Housing Committee SSNSA Social Sciences Network of South Africa UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa USA United States of America UCT University of Cape Town UNU-WIDER United Nations UniversityWorld Institute for Development Economics Research UWC University of the Western Cape WARA West African Research Association WARC West African Research Centre ix Preface and acknowledgements The contributions and profiles of intellectuals and nationalist figures in Africa and the diaspora are still a largely underdeveloped genre. Such contributions are however, very crucial for understanding politics in Africa, a region where the roles of individuals have been central in making history. Although Claude Ake is one of the most instructive voices in African political thought, most works on him have been limited to a celebration of his intellectual pedigree and stature. Barring a few exceptions, most scholarly commentaries on political and social theorists in Africa have been treated either as part of the biographical accounts of various African intellectuals or as part of the colonial liberation struggles, with the veiled objective of denying the existence and reality of African political thought. In particular,

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