The of Dr. Farokhi.N , Aliakbari.A , Ramezani.A , Zholayousefi.N

Fig 2. Comparing types of microbes at size

See also mycoplasma MYCOPLASMA Some genetics info : isn't cool ?????

• the smallest and simplest • Unfortunately we don’t have detailed info's about all spices of mycoplasma till now But we • having only the minimal cellular machinery required will publish all almost all we found for self-replication and survival. (for more info's check the QR-Code)

• Nowadays using modern sequencing methods • have highly versatile transcriptomes and proteomes helped us to find out that how many base- (with multifunctional enzymes, posttranslational pairs does every kinds of mycoplasma have . [2] modifications, and signaling molecules). (Also See QR-code) And if I want to tell an example here : • is thought to contain the smallest genome for a self-replicating or- ganism (580 kb) and represents an important system for exploring a minimal functional set Their … Some news about : A • The multifunctionality of enzymes in Mycoplasmas may • chemically synthesized genome of a mycoplasmal cell based entirely on synthetic B be a consequence of gene loss and genome reduction. DNA which can self-replicate has been

referred to as Mycoplasma laboratorium • Many Mycoplasma species are pathogenic for humans, animals, plants and insects. (check QR-Code again :) )

• The limited genome of these organisms is associated with reduced biosynthetic capabilities and the need to obtain many nutrients from their hosts, which make in vitro cul- For more graphs , pictures ture difficult. and other Info Scan the QR Code :

References :

1. Woese, C.R., Maniloff, J., Zablen, L.B., 1980. Phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 494–498 Fig 1. Mycoplasma (top) 2. Kühner, S., van Noort, V., Betts, M.J., Leo-Macias, A., Batisse, C., Rode, M., Yamada, T., Maier, T., Bader, S., Beltran-Alvarez, P., Castaño-Diez, D., Chen, W.H., Devos, D., Güell, M., Norambuena, T., Racke, I., Rybin, V., Schmidt, A., Yus, E., Aebersold, R., Herrmann, R., Böt- tcher, B., Frangakis, A.S., Russell, R.B., Serrano, L., Bork, P., Gavin, A.C., 2009. Proteome organization in a genome-reduced bacterium. Science 326, 1235–1240. and its main cellular parts (bottom) 3. Stein, M.A., Baseman, J.B., 2006. The Evolving Saga of Mycoplasma genitalium. Clin.Microbial. Newslett. 28, 18–41. 4. Fabı ´ola Marques Carvalho, Marbella Maria Fonseca, Sı ´lvia Batistuzzo De Medeiros, Ka´tia CastanhoScortecci, CarlosAlfredo Galindo Blaha, Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima, 2005 , DNA repair in reduced genome: The Mycoplasma model