TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATION SERVICES A R Chakraborty Janardan Shriram Meera G Joshi . In sdoc Trainees, 1974-75
'l'he problems of scientific translation, from the point of field of science and technology will form one fourth view of En~lish spea king scientist. have been highlighted. of the world literature. C. W. Hanson's observation The organi.;ation a~d working of some of the most impor- [2] that the number of significant contributions in the tant translation pools and crearing houses have been dis- field of science and technology will be proportional to c us s ed and the u s e Iulrie s 5 of their inde x ing pub l ic at ions the populativn of tha t country, echoes Dr. Urquhart's discussed and evaluated. opinion. It is expected that with the economic and educational development of the lesser developed .mt r oo uct ion parts of the world share of languages in scientific communication will also be changed. Many of the The problem of the Babel came into reality in countries will be using languages other than English the field of communication of scientific and technical for communicating re search re sult s. information in the 17th century, when Newton in England, Ga l il.eo in Italy and Descartes in France The impact of so many languages is also felt dr.ift ed away from the traditional scholarly custom of 'in the indexing and abstracting ser,vices covering the cci'mmunicating in Latin and started communication in world literature. Nowadays they are obliged to their respective vernacular languages. This cover documents published in about 50 languages [3]. signalled the end of the hegemony of Latin and the An analysis of the documents in various indexing and rise of various languages as medium for scientific abstracting services gives an indication cSf the communication. Prior to that period there was language compos ilion in va rious fie Ids. D. N. Wood r4] no appreciable lang uage barrier as the number of surveyed six different secondary periodicals in English scientists and naturally the number of documents like the Chemical Abstracts, Physics Abstracts, produced by them were less in number. So there Eng ine e r lng Index, Biological Abstracts. Index was less difficulty of knowing each other working in Medicus and Mathematical Review to find the split of a common field and their works. Moreover Latin documents in various languages. A similar study was their common language of communication. was made in the field of geology by Geosystem, London [5] on their publication Geotitles Weekly. Fall of Latin is not the single instance of the Results of these studies indicate a dominant position fall of a'lang uage for scientific communication. Like of English. the rise and fall of empires, one language or other has attained the coveted position of the most dominant medium of s c ie rttif'ic communication and later had to Language Distribution of International Bibliographical yie ld to s0f!1~ othe r lang~ge. F renc hand Ge rman Services have lost their once dominant role of early 20th century. German has suffered a steady decline from All these have revealed that at least 50% of the, 34% of world chemical literature to 1010 o( present total literature covered arc in English. The higher days. English has replaced both of them as a major percentage of English for some subjects may be que medium of vs c ie nt if ic communication. But it is diffi- to the bias of the English secondary periodicals to cult to say how long English will be able to maintain cover documents of the language of their re spe ct iv e this leading position. In the field of Chemistry, services. In fact Hawkes [5] also studied language Russian has registered a steady growth from 4% distribution of geological documents on the basis of to 2510 . Japanese now has a significant share of this the coverage of the Russian abstracting service- world literature, viz .. 510 while its previous share Referativny Zh ur na l Geologya section. The data tb us was on'lya fraction. Vther o rav on rc languages and obtained can be compared with the data obtained from Chinese are also trying to come up the language table. Geotitles. The comparison, as given below, already In fact Dr. Urquhart has predicted [1] that in the shows a bias in the two services in respect of the . coming hundred years Chinese contributions in the language of publication.
60 Ann Lib Sc i Doc TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATION SERVICES
Lang~~g~------(J~~titl;;-----Ftef~~~ti~yZ-hu-;n~l-- Express information (Ekspress Info rrna t s iya ) Service of VINITI is even better than the general % of docu- '10of documents abstracting services [6]. They are published in ments covered ______C2Y'~J~_ Othe r European 11 Translation of the whole document is the ultimate means to avoid language difficulties. Non-Russian Slavonic 3 9 Triangle of Translation Non Ranganathan [7] compared the present European situation of translation with a triangle. Previously there was a linear relation between the scient'ists and the fore ign -lang uage documents. They used to Comparative Language Coverage in Ge ot rt le s and Scientist -- Foreign-document Referativny Zh ur na l TranSlating Agenx:ies Making allowance for this bias it may be safely assumed from the data that about 50 p.c. of the scientific literature of the world are in English. Scientist ~ Foreign-document Russian is a close second followed by others. So 50 p.c. of the world's scientific literature remain translate for themselves. Now tra.nslation and outside the reach of scientists knowing only English. translating agencies have taken up an intermediary According to one estimate [4] the number of such and vital position controlling effective communication articles is nearly 300, 000. These huge number of between the scientist and foreign document s and thus non-English scientific documents cannot be and they need special attention for study. should not be ignored for their quality also. Impor- tance of qualitative value of the non-English scientific Types of Translations documents is the reason behind the steadily inc rea' sing demand of translation of Russian doc u rne nt s Translations may be divided into 'responsive' since the sending up of the first Sputnik by the and 'anticipatory' categories. Responsive translations Russian [3]. are done on specific demand and some of them may not get any place in the tools for locating translation. How to Cross the Language Barrier Bibliographical control of anticipatory translations, which are made for anticipated demand, are much The language barrier may be crossed by the more effective. Cover to cover translation of scientists themselves by learning more and more primary and secondary periodicals belong to this c languages. Successful implementation of this category. Majority of the cover to cover translated process depends much on the educational policy of the periodicals are from Russian into English. Another countrie s like Rus s ia , 'whe re learning a fore ign variety of anticipatory translated periodicals langua.ge is a part of the curriculum from school covers selected papers from different periodicals. level. But the attempt of a mature scientist to learn more languages may dissipate his time and energy and may prevent him to become an active r e search Purpo Se of the Paper worker. A scientist facing la ngua ge proble m will naturally have in his mind one or more of the Abstracting services can also playa part to following questions. help cross the language barrier to some extent. Most of the international abstracting services in the field of science and technology cover documents from i) whether a translated version of the docu- v-arious languages and thus useful in this respect. ment is already available? Informative abstract can be more useful than the indicative one for this. ii) whether it is being translated by some agencies? Vol 22 No 2 June 1975 61 CHAKRABORTY, 5H:fURAM !it JOSHI times as high as hundred times the price of the iii) what are the sources from which informa- original. 50 it is in the interest of the scientific tion about translated ve r s ion of the docu- community that available translations should get ment will be available? sufficient publicity to avoid further loss of money and manpower for fresh translation. More use of avail- iv) how to get a copy of the translated able translations with some charges will also version? distribute the high cost of translation. v) whether any payment is involved and how to pay in that case? Translation Tools and Agencies vi) what journals are available in cover to cover translated form? 1. Une s co and the Index Translationum Index Translationum is an annual publication vi i) In case of non availability of a translated vers ion, who can translate from a spec i- from Une sc o since its inception containing list of fic language to the language of the translated books in all subjects from various countries scientist? This pre supposes some subject of the world. It is a continuation of the earlier knowledge also. title Repertoire International des Traductions by the earstwhile International Institute of Int ellect ur a l The tools to answer all these questions Cooperation since 1932. Items in the list are will vary with the language of the enquirer. An arranged under the order of the French names of attempt has been made in this paper to answer most of the countries subdivided by the ten main divisi'ons these questions from the point of view of an English of U·.D.C. Data for this publication are supplied by scientist by way of discussing the translation tools respective national agency of each country, responsi- and the functions of the respective agencies publishing ble for this job. 1. 5. O. system of transliteration these tools. is adopted for Cyrillic scripts. Transliteration of some other scripts is not however uniform, as the Necessity of Tools and Pools of Translation data are supplied by various national agencies follow- ing different pattern. Author index is provided at the Translation of scientific doc urne nt s is. a costly end of the publication, which refers to the serial and time consuming affair. It has been estimated numbe rs of the entrie s in the main list. that a translated v-ersion of a document mav cost some 17872-11922 17872 - M ..••CHCH.-\RI KOSHlYA GETS HIS FILL. - Kumudini Mehta. vent Kelkar. - Bombay; T'ridal prakabn. 67, n•.2.S0. - Bombay: Somaiya. l l , Re.O.SO. Marathi: Macchari Gu.ia,ati [orig. Ben: MlghJ setji khir khat at 17898 Dharmavir, 'Bharati": PADAn:O~'UU SVAPNALC. [Telugu] 17873 ~ THl! MAGIC nAG. - Kumudini Mehta, - Bombay: - Vemuri Anjancyaianna, - Hydcrabed : Krishna patrib Somaiya. 11, Re.D.50. Marathi: ]aducipistJi prachuranalu, 1967. XLVIII, 254, R.,6,OO. Hindi: Gyarah 17874 Bharavi: KII~..nARJuNIYAM. (Hindi] - Krishnakant sapnom ka det Tripathi. - Kanpur : Prajna prakasan, 1967. 'VIII, 52. 17899 - SOORYOSA CLANEYA KUOUSE. [KannadaJ - M.S. Kriehne- 468, Rs.I.25. San : Kiratarjuniyam moorthy. - Bangalore : Hemanta, 1967, XII, 112. Rs.1.60. 17875 Bbartribari: THE CENTURY OF LWH: the nitisataka. Hindi: Suraj ha tatavarn glwda - Arabinda Ghosh. - Pondicherry : Aurobindo Jl,irarn. x, 17900 - SURYANTIl EZHAMATTE KUTIRA. [MaIayalarn] -P.G. Vuu· 51, Rs.2.75. San dev. - Trivanclrum: Educational supplies, 1968. 125, 17876 - VAlRAGyASATAK. [Hindi] -Pratapsimha Dev 'BrajanidhL Rs.1.65. Hindi: Idem - Agra: Chaturvedi prakasan Samiti, 1967. 80, Rc.1.00. 17901 Dhumketu [Gaurisankar GOVIll"4itan.tlUll Joii): 8HARAT- San; Vairagyatatakam SAMRAT SMtUORAGUP1"A. [Marathil- Bhau Dhermedhikeri. 17877 Bhattacharya, Nimai: V.l.P. [Assameae] - Bandana - Bombay: Vora. 112, Ra.3.00. G~arati: Bharatasalttrat Baruva. - Calcutta: ~ribhurni, 1968. VIU, 136, Ra.4.00. Samudragupta Bm ' 17902 - BHAVI BHARATSAMRAT. [Marathi} - Bhau Dharmadhi- 17878 Biharilal: POEMS OF LOVE AND WISDOM. - K.P. Bahadur, - kari. - Bombay: Vora. 128, Rs.3.00. Gujarati: Idem Bombay: Jaico publications. IV, 170, RaA.OO. Hindi 17903 - MAHARANI KUMARDlM. [Marathi] - BMU Dharmadhi- 17879 Brokar, Gulabdas Harajivan : LATA. [Malayalam] - K. kari. - Bombay : Vora. 135, R3.3.00. Gujatati: MahaTajni Krishnan Kurti. - Champakulem : B.K. M. book depot, Kumardeoi 1967. 197, Rs.3.00. llindi [orig. Gujarati : Lata] 17904 - NAYIKADEV!. [Hindi] - Syamu Snnyasi. - Bombay: 17880 Buck.Pearf S. : Dur DH.\IIA. [Ben] - Asok Guha. -i Calcuun : Vora, 1968, 265, Rs.6.00, G~'aTali: Noyil«1thvi Bookland, 1968 (3rd ed.) XlI, 173, Rs.4.00. Eng: East wina', 1790.5 - RAJYAKRANTI. [Merathi] - Bhau Dhannadhikari. - west wind Bombey : Vera. 126, Rs.3.00. Gujarati: MClgadha Smapati 17881 - DHUNIYA !ol<.At [Assamese] - Hariprasad Sarma.- Pusyamitra Lanka: Sarma rajaj prekesek, 1965. vnr, 150, Rs.3.00. 17906 -_. knAKARAN GHELa. (Hindi] - Bombay: Vora, 1968. Eng .. Other gods 296, R~.7.50. Gujarati : Raya Karana ghelo 17882 --- PALATAKA. [Ben] - Reba Chattopadhyaya. -- Calcutta : !7907 Dic'sens. Charles . DAVID CoPPERFlELD. {Malayalam} - ~------~~-~'-/Sahityayan, 1967. XII, 240, Rs.3.50. Eng: Escape qt midnig'lt K. Peakaaarn. - Trichur : Current, 1968. 192, Ra.3.jiO. Cesaire Index alpbabettque des auteurs Cisairc, Airne 662, 23975, Channel, A.R. 30521. Chaudhari, Viavajit 17787. Ch'ing Yuan t'iao-fa shih-Iti 28166,29137. La Chanson de Roland 15365. Chauffin, Yvonne 20428. 24458. Cesbron, Gilbert 1781), Chanson, Paul 9855. Chaumley, j. 23673. Chin, Hsiung-po 21734. 20416-7. Chantal, Nicole 1793. Chauncey, Henry 7345. Chin ku ch'i kuan 1807. Ce~C(J, Federica de 30519·20. Chanter, Albert G. 19641. Chauncy, Nan 1803-4, 15373, Chinn, William G: 7070, 22114. Ct:scvi{:, Vladimir Platonovie Lhupams, Alphonse 22315. , 2504K Chinony, Ely 21735. 34035. Chapclle, Jean 248, 24718. Chuunu, Pierre 21213. Chinoy, Ely 5631. (:tskos/otJrnskli akademie vld Chaplin, Charles 6156, 18609. Chauvin, Remy 26230. Chin p'ing mei 1808. 13348. Chapman, Arthur II. 280, 7557, Chavance, Rene 27220 Chiodi, Pierro 9419. Crskoslot'f1lska spolelnost orien- 21509, 24293, 28755, 30J 53. Chevernac, Laurent 32764. Chi rita, Constantin 6556. taiiJtickd 312016. Chapman, Colin 11340, 33172. Chavroruna, S. 4294. Chirone, Vanna 9857. Cesnokov, J\.Jitrofan Mitrofano- Chappuz, Maurice 30522. Chee, Tu-e ho Ching 24215. Chisholm, Matt 8709, 29151. vi{: 34522. Chappel], Fred 15Yi6. Cheever, John 26415-6,29150, Chisholm, Michael 9420. Exhibit 1 - Portions 0: a page and the author index from Index Translationum 62 Ann Lib Sci Doc TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATION SERVICES 2. ETC and the World Index announcing and indexing translations available in various sources in the monthly periodical World European Translations Centre (ETC), a Index of Scientific Translation and List of Translations fine example of international cooperation in the field notified to ETC. of translation of scientific and technical documents, is located at the Technological University of Delft, World Index 0' Scientific Translations and List Delft, Netherlands. ETC was started in 1960 by the of Translation notified to ETC, were previously two Western European Countries but the project was separate pe r io di ca l s with separate frequencies, stimulated and blessed by USA and OECD (Organisatior qua r t er ly and fortnightly respectively.From 1971 for Economic Coope ration -~nd Development!. Although' the two titles were merged into a single periodical the name ETC is restricted to Europe but infact it is with a new monthly frequency. From 1972 inter- an international project. Membership of ETC has relation of the entries of 'Index' and 'List' parts c ros sed the Atlantic and the Med ite rranean by started with the help of common reference numbers. including Canada and Israel as full members. Coun- tries beyond the Indian and Pacific Oceans like Japan, List section of the periodical functions as a Australia and India are cooperating with ETC. ETC supplement to the transiation lists of various member is directed by a Board of Management appointed by countries of ETC, by announcing only these the participating countries. ETC acts as a clearing translations that have escaped attention of the house for scientific and technical translation national lists. Coverage of the Index part is greater prepared throughout the world from languages of than the List part. It include s all the items Eastern Europe, Middle East, and Far East into covered by ETC and national lists. western languages mainly English, German and French. Translated documents on Science, Technology and Social Science are taken care of by the ETC :E;TCdoes not prepare translations but functions periodical. Complete translation of documents, as a pool and performs only those functions which translation in process, cover-to-cover translated national member countries find it difficult to do on pe riod icals, translation of abstracts, translated international level. It keeps a reference catalogue and periodicals co ve r ing only selected articles from runs on infe r rrraki on bureau which handle enq uir ie s , various periodicals are taken eare of by this ETC is also ca r r y ing its share of responsibility by periodical. O. 00 AERJNAUTICS 750J0202-J~7 OJLJTJ"A. INHjlluCfU. JF l" Exhibit 2 - Portion of a page from the World List (List part) Vol 22 No 2 June 1975 63 CHAKRABORTY, SHRIRAM &. JOSHI c n ssec OJl9000 AST~O~OMICHESKII VtSTNIK -USS.- • AVTONAllCHESKAYA SVARU -USSR- 19H 21 ~ 10-2 1502110b-A6A 19H 27 3 5b-9 15021308-179 197. 21 A Ao-8 7S0H3J8-31>7 19H 27 > 59-c.1 75031308- 3611 031'0000 19H 27 6 1b-1i 75D313D8-128 • ASTRONOMICHESKII lHURNAL -USS.- UTA H u-e 750l110i-1H UH 27 "b 69-70 750Hl08-HO 1955 72-8 75010)02-003 OU1000 0316000 AV1UMA11(A I 1.LEMEKHANIKA -USSR- • ATOMNA'I'AENERGIYA -USSR- 1973 H 85-8 HOll1C~-U' 1.73 )5 1'07-51 7 SO31800 -00 1 1973 H 39b-AOO 75031809-001 OHlOOO 1973 35 Hl-A 75012007-003 * AVTOMATIU I vVCHISLlTELNAU TEKHNIKA -USSR- 197A 3. 32-7 75011807-002 Exhibit 3 - Portion of a page Ir orn the World List (Index part) Entries in the List part are arranged under pertaining to technological development of Ge r rrian specific subgroups within the COSATI aubje c t-c ate » and Japanese industries, Later in 1953 ScientUii:: gories. Each item contains acronym of the agency Translation Centre at the Library of Congress from where the translation may be obtained. Refer- started .collecting translations of Rus sian documents. ence number with each entry and a complete list and Simultaneously Special Librarie s Association address of sources (corresponding to the anonym of Translation Centre (SLATC! at John Crerar source in each entry) are helpfull in ordering a Library, Chicago took the responsibility of collec- translation. tion of translationll from other languages. SLATC was a voluntary project of the Science and Technology Arrange ment of entries in the Index part is Division of SLA. SLATC changed to the new name alphabetical according to the title of the original of National Translation Center (NTC) in 1953. It is periodicals, followed by year, volume, number and a co-operative non-profit enterprise, primarily inclusive pagination of the articles translated. An responsible for collection of non-governmental asterisk (*) before an entry indicates that the translations from USA and elsewhere. National periodical is regularly translated e ithe r cover to Technical Information Service (NTIS) in USA i& cover or selectively or that abstracted translation responsible for collection of translations fr0m in these two categories are done. various governmental agencies of USA and cthe r countries. NTIS publishes semi -monthly Periodicals in scripts other than ROITlanare Government Reports Announcement (GRA) (Previously arranged under transliterated title using B. S.1. US Government Research and Development Reports) s y st ern for Russian, Wade Giles system for Chinese incorporating transla t ion s together with other and Hepburn system for Japanese. Periodicals reports. Government Reports Index (GRI) 8 upplements GRA by providin~ index for respective volume. which are known in different titles in English ana in the o r ig ina l are listed under original title. References link English title to the original one. NTC, which acts as the biggest pool and References are also provided for periodical which national clearinghouse of information on translations, changed title s , from one title to another. aims to eliminate costly dupl ic atton of translation, effort and to free funds for translation of new 3. NTC and the TR-I of USA documents. Holdings of NTC as WE'll as translations available from other sources are recorded in the After the Second World War the Office of following successive publications. Technical Services ~OTS) was created. One of its 1. Author list of translations, 1953. function was to coo rd ina te procurement, production and dis se rninar lon of translations of documents 2. Bibliography of translations of Russian scientific and technical literature, 1953-56 64 Ann Lib SCt Doc- TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATION SERVICES 3. Translation monthly, 1955-58. translated periodicals, translated table 0; contents of selected periodicals were initiated by this ceased 4. Technical translations, 1959-67. periodical. Translations Register-Index (TR-I), a semi-monthly 5. Translations Register-Index' (TR_I), periodical from NTC superseded Technical Trans- 1967 _ lations in 1967. The Register section of the periodi- cal announces new accession to NTC arranged in 6. Consolidated index of translations into COSATI classification order. The index section 'English (CITE), 1969. COvers items in the Register ~ection and also items listed in GRA, GRI and some other sources. Index Technical Translations, a semimonthly publication section which is divided into Journal citation and from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific patent citation index, is cumulated half yearly. and Technical Information (CFSTI) the former name Reports, st and a rd s and other serial publications of the National Technical Information Science, are included in the journal section listed aIphabe t i.« (NTIS) was the most comprehensive index of scientific cally by the title. Patents are arranged alphabeti- translations in USA till 1967. Some new features cally by countries. Cover to cover translated like translations in process, list of cover-to-cover pe r iod Ica Ls are not indicated in TR-I. 17 NAVIGA1'ION, COMMUNICATIONS, DETECTION AND COUNTERMEASURES 178 CommunIcation. 13-1472{';·!.7(J 181 R•• ctor engin •• ring and Ohnuorge, H. operation orrLMUM AW..PLlTUDB QUANTIZATION OF STOCHASTIC PROCESSES. AIchiv der Elektrlltc:ben 73-14592-181 Uebentai\llli •• 0 2., p, 150-151, 1970. Andrae, H. Order (rom NTC •• 73-14720-118: He $10.50. MP $9.35. THE Kf'I(-n PRq'ECT. AIomwirtschatt, p, 93-95, 1913. Order from "'TC u 73-14592-161: He $10. ~O, MF $9.15. Aho avaHable from NLL •• Rilley 2590P. 18-14731-118 senpr. L.; Wenpnra:b., G. BXPERIMENT;.L CODlNC OF TELEVISION 8RO,w. C.\ST SIGNALS. l!1terntlllonale Elektronlache Rwd8chu, D. 1. p. 18-21, 1973. OJd.r ftoa:& t(fC .•.•73·14731·178: He $12.15. MP 19.75. 18J R•• ctor matwill, 73·1.741-17B Podem.kl. A. DlPF£RENTIAL DISTORTIONS OF CHROMINANCE 73-1.595-18J SIGNALS INTELEVISION TRANSMrrn~ NB'IWORJ(S. l!111t)~ut L.c.znold. Wanaw. Prace, v, 17. n• .3 VlBRASOL' PUEL. Atoomeuergj.e, p. 195-196, 197;1. p. 3-22. 1910• Order from NTC •• 73-14595-18]: HC $10.50. MP $9.». .Order from. NTC •• 73-147.7-11B: He $15.00, MP $~0.15. AltO .vallable trom NLL •• Ri • ..,. 26l1P. Exhibit 4 - Portion' of a page from the Register' section of the TR-1 'aHAOIMI ';OUrlh-'L Or "'H'f~IC~ CESK\>::.lOvENSKA E:PJDEM10LOGI[. 141KROIHOLOGJ£. 1971 "••9 "'a.L.s~-C:lj7 uR!~L-m"lb1U <=> IMUNOLOGIE 197~ '121 N1 PI-12 73-1"S89-02E <.Nl.~) •.•••1.1Ull\!4 JOkNAL ot:" I'UULJ(. Hl:.rlLTIl. TOI{Ot~TIJ ).910 1/~1 f~1I"'Jc:'i-JJ~ ~82b.~F (20511f1 (NL,,> Ct::SKOSLOV[NSKA HRIi4ACIE 1911 'iul (~l Plbb-JoH ~62U.ItF 12~1bO) ••.•••t.K.IiCl •••• Au"l ••• CE.~kO::.LO\l[NSKY CA!:. Exhibit 5 - Portion 0: a page from the Journal Citatiol' index of the TR-1 Vol 22 No 2 June 1975 65 CHAKRABOR T Y, SHRIRAM & JOSHI CITE was published by NTC in 1969 to provide Aslib is the second 0 rganisa tion in U K that information about all the previous translations into handles enquiries about translations. In 1951 English in a single list. CITE covers 142000 Commonwealth Index of Unpublished Translations translations. It is divided into two parts serial was created to coordinate translation work and citation index and Patent citation index. The a r range> information about translation within the Comrnorr « ment of the items are similar to TR_I . wealth countr ies. According to this program.m.e records of all the translation done in the parti- cipating countries are transfered on cards. Aslib maintains the British copy of this catalogue. The 4. BLL and Aslib of OK CSIRO in Australia, NRC in Canada, and INSDOC in India receive and rna inta in the respective national Translation activities in UK hinges round copy of the Cornrnonwea.Ith Index. Aslib and BLL co-. two important agencies, British Lending Library operate with each other in locating translations. As l lb (BLL), (previously known as the National Lending also maintains a register of a.pproved translatators Library, NLL) at Boston Spa and Aslib. BLL is the for the benefit of the enquirers. largest depository of translations in U. K. British Gove rnment depa rtments, fir.ms, institutions 5. T ra nsat om and its Bulletin r-e sea r eh associations, universities and others con- tribute translations to BLL. Previously BLL The common interest of the Western c ount r ie.s (then NLL) received all translations from"difficult in the field of nuclear science has initiated the growth langua ges" (Rus sia n, Ea st European, oriental) of T'r an sat orn and Transatom Bulletin. The European available in the U. S. pool. In exchange BLL supplied Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), U S Atomic copies of rnost of the translations received by them.. Energy Commission (USAEC), and U.K. Atomic Be sides collecting translations, BLL 'ha s shown EnergyAuthority (UKAEA) have agreed to pool their keen interest in promotion of translation activities effo rts in collection and d is s e rninat ion of information including cover-to-cover translation of Russian on translations of nuclea r documents produced in periodicals. The title of the announcement tool Eastern European, Oriental other 'infamiliar' langu- of BLL has gone under several cha.nges, with the ages and thus form.ed Transatom at Euratom head- change of the name of the sponsor. LLU Translations quarters at Brussels. Transatom is. presently Bulletin (1959-1960) was superseded by NLL located at Luxemberg. With a view to disseminate Translations Bulletin (1961-1970). They covered relevant information in large scale a monthly translated texts of selected Russian articles, list of announcement journal Transatom Bulletin is being translated books (monthly Russian), information published from. Transatom since 1961. The bulletin rega rding cover-to-cover tra.nslated periodicals covers tra ns1ations both completed and in prepa ration and recent additions to the pocl. The ta sk of these and also list of cover-to-cover translated periodicals. periodicals were bifu rc at e d in 1971 and was taken Following 'an agreement reached between the ove r by two different titles NLL Announcement participants of Transatom, the journal is published Bulletin (presently BLL Announcement Bulletin) only in English. and NLL Review (presently BLL Review). Section I of this bulletin incorporates The first title carries lists of translations translations completed. However translations listed along with reports and theses produced by or sub- in this section are not supplied by Transatom but mitted to va rious British agencies. NLL Review, they are available with the indivudual 0 rganisations, (presently BLL Review), a quarterly publication, whose alpha-numeric code is indicated under the took up the burden of covering cove r c-to c cove r respective reference and whose complete address tra nsla tion, BLL book translation etc. Selected is listed in the b.ezinni'ng a s symbols of or-g a nls ettons, translations of a specific subject is one of the Titles are indicated in English and also in lang uage . added charact •••ristics of this new title. of translation, if the transla tion is not in English. Tr.,...t:OftI BulhUn 191', Vol. n. No. 11 .• ".eUon I EHOINEEftIHO ENERGY COtfl[ft$10H 0"l65 ~~~.i:~:~:.fit a1. Mono/I'u•• l.n/Power ·fat •••.•• 1>972),. POller ayatema tor .~e.erart ~~~:l;~I~~~:~~!*:t19E~er••t1Ch"kl'. ahtemY' kOIDlleh •• klkh ap~r.toy·, US-lOl: .;rPRS-58612-2119~p.), Publ. 19n - !nfU'h r::~~~s:~n::~~\2~r~A1~9/(f97~19019n) - Enall1h IS01'OPf; SEBARATION AND PRODUC-rIOH 04166 DMITRIEV P.P. MOLIN O.A., et al. Exhibit 6 - Po r t ion o~ a page from Section I of the T'r an sa to-e, Bulletin Ann Lib Sc i Doc TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATION SERVICES ORTG TN"! ~OURCE INDEX R T.02,90 *RAOloaIOLOGIYA 1973. 13. 5, 651- O-':~ • •• OIOBIOLOGIYA Bn. n. S. 602- 666 T.022'2 *RAOIOeIOL,OGIYA 1973. 13. S. 674- 679 T.02392 .RAOIOBIOLOGIYA B73. n. 5. 680- 685 TP02167 'RAOIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. 13. 5. 691- 694 T.Olla· *RAOI08IOLOC.IYA 1913. n. S. 695- 699 T002,02 *RAOI08IOLOGIYA 197;. 13. S. 700- 703 T.02191 *RAOIOBIOLOGIVl ,973. n. S. 704- 708 T.C2219 'AAOIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. 13. 5. 709- 712 T.02213 *RAOIOSI0LOGIYA ,973. 13. 5. 713- 718 T.02223 'R'OIOBIOLCGIYA 1973. 13. 5. 719- 722 T.02222 *Fl:AOIOeIOLOGiYA. ,973. ,3. 5. 723- 728 T.02224 "'OIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. n. 5. 729- 733 T.02211 *RAOIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. 13. 5. 734- 737 T.02215 *RAOIOElIOLOGIYA 1973. 13. 5. 738- 740 T.02184 *R"DIOBIOLvGIYl 1973. 13. S. 741- 743 T.02199 .RAOI0BIOLC'~IYA 1973. 13. S. 750- 753 TP02221 "'OIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. rs , 5. 754- 757 T'02225 "'OIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. 13. S. 758- 759 T.02216 *RAOI0810LOGIYA 1973. n. 5. 761- 764 T.02185 *RAOIOeIOLOGIYA '973. 13. 5. 765- 768 T.02195 'R'OIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. ,3. 5. 769- 770 T.C2189 "'OIOBIOLOGIYA '973. 13. 5. 771- 773 T.02217 *RAOIOBIOLOGIYA 1973. n. 5. 782- 785 T.02210 'RAOI08l0LOGIYA 1973. 13, 5, 786- 7es T0021 P6 *RAOIOBIOlOGIYA ,973. 13. 5. 792- 795 T'02208 *RADI0810LOGIYA 1913. 13. 5. 796- 799 TI'02193 *R:AOIOBIOlOGlYA 1973. t s , 5. 800- 802 T.02226 RAOIOISOTOPES '971. 20. t , 310- 318 T.021 Z7 ,E.O 'T I J '.ANESEI J AE. I-MEMO-4249 '913. 04220 ,E.O 'T I 'US SIAN/CH'ON IC I,UOUTI ON••• 1972. T.02220 H'ORT /RUS 51 'NI J I N.-.02-5336 '9 ... TP02265 Exhibit------'---~'------'-~--~--'-'---'---'---~--~ 7 - Portion of a page of the Original Source Index of Transatom Bulletin Section II. Lists titles of Eastern documents compiled and published by INSDOC belong to this which have entered the translation programme of category. Information about cover to cover trans- various organisations. Once these translations are lated periodica.ls are available in some of the tools completed, the s e will be announced. "available" in mentioned earlier. Guide to scientific and technical section I ag ain. journals in translation by C. J. Himmelsbach and G. E. Boyd is an add it ion al tool to answer the Since 1966 (vol . 6), Trahsatom Bulletin has second question. been publishing in a supplem entary section III, a monthly list of references relating to the most Comments promising titles selected among the documents 1. Utopian idea of common lingua franca acquired by Ea stat orn , organisation jointly created for the scientists throughout the world may by Euratom and Kernoforschungsanlage Julich. The be dropped for ever. documents listed in this section are Eastern nuclear documents which have neither been mention •.. Hard realities of language barrier must be ed nor have been translated by western sources. 2. accepted by all conc e rned a nd large -sca le This section tries to draw the attention of western translation see rns to be the only solution for sources to eastern documents fit for translation. this problem. Each issue of the Bulletin incorporates author 3. There is enough scope for international and original source index. Index is cumulated cooperation in the field of translations among quarterly with the issue numbers 3.6 and 9. Annual the various countries and among the index is published separately in the beginning of the scientists of each subject groups. following year. Index is also cumulated five yearly. 4 It may be predicted from the data provided 6. Occassional Tools in Appendix II that some of these foreign language periodicals are going to be Besides regula r publications from va riou s translated cover to cover in the near translating agencies. some occasional publications future or they need such treatment. in this field are also useful. They provide answer to the que stions - who can t r-a n sla te and what are the Ac knowledgement journals available in cover to cover translated form. Directory of technical and scientific translators, Weare grateful to Shr i B. Guh a , INSDOC and services Ly Patricia Millard. Translators and for selecting for us the topic and guiding us con- translations - se rv ic e s and sources in science and stantly throughout the preparation of the manus- technology by F.E. Kaiser. Roster of translators cript. Vol 22 No 2 June 1975 CHAKRABORTY, SHRIRAM & JOSHI United Kingdom - report of a recent survey. Journal of Documentation, 23 (2), p. 119,1967. [I] BLL Review: 1(1), p, 22, 1973. [5] Lea, G, Li m ent, J. & Harvey, A. p.: [2] Anderson, J.D.: F'o r ekgn language barriers Geological literature!.!!. Kent, A, Lancour, H in information trans fer. Journal 0 f & Dailey, J. ed. Encyclopedia of library and Education for Librarianship 14(3), 172, information science Vol. 9, p. 314-16,1973. 1974. [6] Sen, B. K.: Report on UNIDO-Unesco inter- [3] Guha, B.: Poo Is and tools of translation. regional training course, 1973, INSDOC, Libra, 11,31-37, 1973-74. p. 66. 1975. [4] Wood, D. N.: Foreign lang uage problem [7J Ranganathan, S. R.: Triangle in translation facing scientists and technologists in the service. DRTC Seminar 7th, Vol. 2, p.554, 1969. APPENDIX------I Sl. Name of the Service Frequency ~~~aL SubjectCo~~d Langu~ _ Index No. Trans- Trans- From To lations lations, only Reports, Thesis __ .::.2 3 ._4 5___ 6 _____ 7 8 9 1. BLL Announcement Bulletin M All ? ? ? (includes translations) 1973- 2. Bibliography of Medical Medical All English T ran s Ia ti ons (extracted from Technical Transla- tions) 1964- 66 3. Bibliography of Scientific and Science All English * Industrial Research 1946-53 TechnOlogy Annual Social Sciences 4. Bibliography of Translations Science Russian English * from Russian Scientific and TechnOlogy Technical Literature Social 1953-56 Sciences 5. Bibliography-Index to -do- Chinese Engiish Current USJPRS Transla- Asian tions - China and Asia 1962- 6. Bibliography-Index to -do- East English Current USJPRS Transla- European * tions - East Europe 1962- 7. Bibliography-Index to -do- All English Current USJPRS Transla- * tions - International Development 1962- 8. Bibliography-Index to -do- Russian English Current USJPRS Transla- * tions - Soviet Union 1962- 9. Books received from ? Russian European ? USSR and Translated Books & 1957- East European Continued Ann Lib Sc l Doc TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATION SERVICES ------'- ,------"- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 __.2-_ ----- 10. Cons ol ida te d Index of Science All English 14 years Translations in English Technology (CITE) 1969 Social Sciences II. Government Reports Two -do- All English or Announcements (GRA) 1971- weekly 12. Government Reports -do- -do- All English Index (GRI) 1971- 13. Index 'Lr an s lat ionurn 1949- A All All European Annual 14. Ir On and Steel T'r ans la- W Iron and All English * t ion s 1958 Steel 15. L is t of Translations notified Twice Science Eastern &, European to ETC 1966-1970. (Merged monthly Technology East * with World Index of Scientific Social European Translations) Sciences 16. LLU Translations Bulletin -do- -do- English ~! 1959-60 (Continued as NLL Translations Bulletin) 17. Monthly Index of Russian All Russian English Acce s s ions (Table of Contents T r an ala ted) 1948-69 18. NLL Announce ment Bullettn M Sc ienc e All English ., (includes translations) TechnOlogy 1971-72 (Continued as ELL Social Announcement Bulletin) Sciences 19. NLL Translations Bulletin M -do- Upto 65 English * 1961-1970 (Continued in only part in NLL Announcement Eastern &, B ul l.etin] East European {rom 66 All 20. Nuclear Science Abstracts SM Nuclear ? ? (NSA) 1947- 21. Scientific and Technical SM Aerospace All Engli~h Aerospace Reports: (STAR) 1963- 22. Scientific and Technical Science All English ? Ouarterly Index 1970- T'echnol ogy Social Sciences 23. SLA List of Transla. -do- All English ? t ion s 1953-56 24. Technical Translations Twice a -do- All English 1959-67 month Co~·d i .cd Vol 22 No 2 June 1975 69 CHAKRABORTY. SHRIRAM & JOSHI 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 25. Transatom Bulletin 1961- M Nuclear Eastern & Eastern * 5 years East European cumrnu- European Iat lon 26. Translations Monthly M Science All 1955-58 English Technology * Social Sciences 27. Translations Register- M -do- All Index 1967- English Quarterly. Annual card index at NLL 28. United States Atomic Energy Cornml s s ion Translations List 1957- 29. United States Government SM Science All English Research and Development Technology Reports (USGRDR) 1956-70 Social (Continued as Government Science Reports Announcements) 30. United States Gove r nrnent SM -do- All English Annual Research and Development Reports-Index (USGRDR) 1956-70 (Continued as Government Reports Index) 31. Wor ld Index of Scientific Q -do- Eastern & European Quarterly. Translations 1967-70) East Annual (Merged with List of European Translations notified to ETC) 31. World Index of Scientific M -do- -do- =d o- -do- T r an sIa t ion s and List of Translations Notified to ETC 1971- *Translations upto 1966 included in CITE 70 Ann Lib Sc i Doc TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLA'fION SERVICES APPENDIX - II S1. Title of the periodical, Number of papers translated lnto English No. In the following years 1970 1971 1972 1973 2 3 4 5 6 Avt ornob iIna ya Promysh1ennost - USSR 5 33 45 2 Beton I Zhelezobeton - USSR 3 28 24 3 Ene rgetiyka- Poland 18 13 2 4 Energ orna shinostr oen ie - USSR 18 31 5 5 Gazovaya Promyshlennost- USSR 15 21 23 6 Hutnicke Listy-Czechoslovakia 19 38 103 25 (? ) 7 Hutnik-Czechoslovakia 8 25 77 6 (?) 8 Izvestiya Vuz. Chernayax Metallurgiya- USSR 33 48 236 63(? ) 9 Izvestiya Vuz. Khimiya I - Khimicheskaya Teckhnologiya-USSR 8 19 14 10 Izvestiya Vuz Nefi I Gaz-USSR 12 16 11 11 Izvestiya Vuz Tekhnologiya Legkoi Promyshlennosti-USSR 3 12 32 (? ) 12 Khimiches kava Promyshlennost-USSR IS 11 21 (? ) 13 Khimicheskaya Promysh1ennost Za Rubezhom-USSR 6 13 5 14 Khimicheskie Ve1okna-USSR 10 20 34 13 15 Khimiya I Tekhno1ogiya Topliv I Maset-USSR _. Title varies 6 17 7 1956-57 No.1 Khimiya I Tekhno1ogiya Topliva. 1957. Nos. 2'-12. Khimiya I Tekhnologiya Topliva I Masel 16. Khimiya Tverdogo TopUva-USSR 3 15 14 17 Kholodilnaya Tekhnika-USSR 2 14 18 Kogyo Kagaku Zasslie-Japan 12 11 lQ Kok s , Srn ol.a, Gaz- Poland 4 11 12 20 Kovove Materialy- Czechoslovakia 17 12 10 21 Kuznechn o-Shtarnpov ochn oe Pr oizvode otvo- USSR 8 24 21 22 Maslozhirovaya Promyshlennost- USSR 4 12 11 23 Mekhanizatsiya I Avtomatizatsiya Proi21vodstva-USSR 3 11 3 24 Mekhanizatsiya I Avtomatizatsiya Upravteniya-USSR 6 2 25 Mekhanizatsiya I Elektrifikatsiya SotsiaUsticheskogi 3 6 15 Selskogo Khozyaistva-USSR 26 Metallurgicheskaya I Gornorudnaya Prornyshlennost-USSR 5 39 22 27 M:etalurgia- R urnan ia 4 15 51 28 Moskovskii Universitet. Vestnik. Ser.5. Geografiya-USSR 3 12 4 29 Ne£topererabotka I Neftekhimiya-USSR 16 27 12 2 30 Neftyanoe Khozyaistvo- USSR 14 12 9 31 Nenryo Kyokai-Shi-Sap 14 9 32 Ni hon Kinz oku Gakhai-Ski-Japan 6 14 16 :::ontinued Vol 22 No 2 June 1975 71 CHAKRABORTY, SHRIRAM & JOSHI 4 5 6 2 3 2 7 11 9 33 Priroda-USSR 26 20 34 Pr omysh lennoe Str oite Ie sty 0- USSR 22 18 35 Przemysl Chemiezny-Polan 7 9 36 Rybnoe Khozyaistvo-USSR 9 24 13 37 Sekiyu Ga kha i Shi-Japan 6 13 11 38 Slevarenstvi- Czechoslovakia 8 15 13 39 Stroitelnyl I Dorozhnyl Mashiny-USSR 3 13 6 40 Stroitelnye Materialy-USSR 8 12 10 41 Sudostroenie-USSR 2 42 Svetotekhnika-USSR 3 8 21 43 Tekstilnaya Promyshlennost-USSR 4 10 68 9 44 Tetsu to Hagane-Japan 9 67 60 4 45 Tetsu to Hagane. Special 8 36 21 46 Vet e r ina r iya , Moscow-USSR 16 15 47 Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Inst. Morskogo Rybnogo 43 Khozyaistva I Dkeanografii. Trudy-USSR 48 Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya. Ser B-USSR 3 14 27 (Ser A completely translated cover-to-cover) 49 Zhurnal Nauchnoi I Prikladnoi Fotografii I Kinematografii- 13 24 26 USSR 72 Ann Lib Sci Doc