Akten Des 15. Internationalen Kolloquiums Zum Provinzialrömischen Kunstschaffen
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Akten des 15. Internationalen Kolloquiums zum Provinzialrömischen Kunstschaffen Der Stifter und sein Monument Gesellschaft – Ikonographie – Chronologie 14. bis 20. Juni 2017 Graz / Austria Barbara Porod – Peter Scherrer (Hrsg.) Schild von Steier Beiheft 9 Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Archäologie der Karl-Franzens- Universität Graz [VdIGraz] 16 Herausgeber Universalmuseum Joanneum GmbH Archäologie & Münzkabinett Akten des 15. Internationalen Kolloquiums zum Provinzialrömischen Kunstschaffen Der Stifter und sein Monument Gesellschaft – Ikonographie – Chronologie 14. bis 20. Juni 2017 Graz / Austria Barbara Porod – Peter Scherrer (Hrsg.) ISBN 978-3-903179-13-4 ISSN 2078–0141 Redaktion Barbara Porod Lektorat Barbara Porod, Karl Peitler, Erwin Pochmarski Y'Plus Rechbauerstraße 17/1, 8010 Graz Grafische Konzeption Lichtwitz – Büro für visuelle Kommunikation Satz Beatrix Schliber–Knechtl Druck Dravski tisk d.o.o. Für den Inhalt der Beiträge sind die Autorinnen und Autoren verantwortlich. Graz 2019 Inhalt 6 Vorwort 128 Piotr DYCZEK New Imperial Sculpture from 8 Bojan DJURIĆ Ancient Rhizon/Risinium – The Logistics behind Ancient Art Montenegro The Case of Noricum and Pannoniae 138 Audrey FERLUT 40 Mela ALBANA Les piliers à quatre divinités Il medico in età imperiale fra autorap- Un culte militaire des provinces de presentazione e realtà sociale Gaule Belgique et des Germanies 52 Cristina-Georgeta ALEXANDRESCU 152 Vassiliki GAGGADIS-ROBIN Denkmäler des Iupiter Dolichenus- Urnes funéraires et sarcophages Kultes aus der nördlichen Moesia romains à deux places Inferior 164 Nadežda GAVRILOVIĆ VITAS 66 Iva CIGLAR – Jernej UMEK – People behind the Faces: Jasna VINDER Iconography and its Meaning on The Marble Part of an Aedicula from Funerary Monuments in the Wes- the Velenik Hill near Slovenska tern Parts of the Central Balkans’ Bistrica (Slovenia) Roman Provinces 74 Lara CLEMENTE 182 Maria Elena GORRINI – I mausolei del suburbio di Napoli tra Mirella T. A. ROBINO ricerche storiche e nuovi dati archeo- The Rediscovery of a Sarcophagus logici Lid from Ticinum (Regio XI) 86 Maria-Pia DARBLADE-AUDOIN 192 Jasna JELIČIĆ RADONIĆ – A new Marble Portrait from Lyon: Ana TORLAK Lucius Aelius Caesar Sculptures of the Imperial Cult in Salona 94 Nicolas DELFERRIÈRE – Anne-Laure EDME 198 Stephan KARL – Jörg FÜRNHOLZER Polychromie et monuments funéraires Das römerzeitliche Marmorstein- L’exemple de la Gaule de l’Est bruchrevier Spitzelofen in Kärnten – Ergebnisse einer archäologisch- 112 Zdravko DIMITROV topografischen Untersuchung Colonia Ulpia Traiana Ratiaria – Data from Sarcophagi Owners, Tomb Com- plexes, Decoration 4 210 Stylianos E. KATAKIS 348 Mathieu RIBOLET Bemerkungen zur spätantiken À la mémoire des élites? La Skulptur aus Aptera und West-Kreta restitution des grands monuments Alte und neue Funde funéraires d’Agedincum (Sens, France) 224 Philip KIERNAN Staging and Experiencing the Gods 366 Isabel RODÀ DE LLANZA – in Romano-Celtic Temples Magí MIRET-MESTRE Un grand masque à l’ager 236 Anja KLÖCKNER – Michaela STARK Tarraconensis (Hispanie citérieure) Der Stifter und sein Schmuck Männer mit Fingerringen auf 374 Claudina ROMERO MAYORGA Grabdenkmälern der Nordwest- und Gaius Accius Hedychrus − Donauprovinzen An Approach to the Role of Religion in the Provincial Society 250 Johannes LIPPS of Lusitania Ein monumentaler Tempel im römischen Ladenburg? 382 Mirjana SANADER – Mirna VUKOV Einige Überlegungen zum Kult der 262 Carlos MÁRQUEZ liburnischen Gottheit Latra The Seated Statue of Divus Augustus Pater Found in the 392 Katarina ŠMID Province of Baetica The Orpheus Monument in Ptuj Some New Observations 274 Branka MIGOTTI The Interdependence of the Epitaph 404 Cristina SORACI and Portraiture in Interpreting Donne, pane e annona nel mondo Inscribed Funerary Monuments romano 284 Sorin NEMETI – Irina NEMETI 414 Marianne TABACZEK Votive Practices and Self-Represen- Ein Relief mit Reiterkampf aus tation in Potaissa (Dacia) Neumagen 298 Aleksandra NIKOLOSKA – 424 Johanna TRABERT Slavica BABAMOVA Ehrenbasen und Ehreninschriften A Group of Funeral Stelae from the aus Aesernia Region of Veles, Macedonia 444 Stefan TRAXLER – Felix LANG – 306 David OJEDA Manfred HAINZMANN Tre statue loricate provenienti dal Hercules im Kalkbrennofen teatro di Tarragona Ein bemerkenswertes Ensemble von I supporti delle sculture romane Steindenkmälern aus Lauriacum/ (Stützen) come metodo di datazione Enns 314 Simona PERNA 454 Jurica TRIPLAT The Social Value of Funerary Art Evidence for Roman Intelligence Burial Practices and Tomb Owners Services along the Eastern Adriatic in the Provinces of the Roman Coast Empire 466 Mojca VOMER GOJKOVIČ 328 Erwin POCHMARSKI – In their Honour and Memory Ingrid WEBER-HIDEN Grabaltäre im nördlichen Noricum – 470 Adressen der Autorinnen und Die Denkmäler und ihre Stifter Autoren Ikonographische Auswertung der Grabaltäre im nördlichen Noricum 5 Sculptures of the Imperial Cult in Salona Jasna JELIČIĆ RADONIĆ – Ana TORLAK At the end of the first century CE, and simultaneously Moreover, there can be no doubt regarding the cult of with the pacification of the province of Dalmatia, the Diva Augusta Livia, whom Emperor Claudius had dei- imperial cult was established at Salona, the capital of fied, and the marble head of this empress (?), probably the Roman province. The imperial cult can be traced originates from that time.4 from the Augustan period, when two small temples The inscription of the freedman and priest of the impe- were built at the forum of the Urbs vetus, to the Tet- rial cult of Herma (CIL III 1947), the construction of the rarchy period, when the Temple of Jupiter was renewed portico in honour of Jupiter and the divine Claudius, in the forum of Urbs orientalis. This can be confirmed and the imperial cult was clearly connected with the not only by the imperial statues but also by other fin- supreme deity.5 dings, remains of temples and architectural decoration There are modest clues as to the existence of the cult and dedicatory inscriptions. A statue of an unknown of the Flavian dynasty in Salona, an inscription of Titus naked emperor from the second half of the second and a marble sculpture of Domitian, rulers who, when century CE could be added to these monuments. This they assumed power, endeavoured to emphasize conti- statue, which is kept at the Kunsthistorisches Museum nuity with the houses of the Julians and Claudians pre- at Vienna,1 has not been recorded in the literature. It cisely through the renovation of the official shrines.6 could give us a better insight into Salonitan heritage Emperor Vespasian, in particular, was well known for and contribute to the knowledge about imperial cult in the construction of new imperial shrines, such as the Salona. monumental version on two terraces in Tarragona, or Considering how little the capital, particularly the the renovation of existing buildings. This is confirmed oldest part of the city, Urbs vetus, has been investi- by examples in many cities along the Croatian Adriatic gated, there are numerous traces of the imperial cult coast, and perhaps it was in this context that the in Salona. When the forum in the Southern part of the Augusteum in Narona was laid out, also on two levels city was revealed, elements of the cult’s substance and or terraces, to which the dedicatory inscription refecit individual developmental phases were seen. probably refers.7 The first layout of the Salonitan forum known to date The first period of the observance of the imperial cult is that from the time of Augustus. At that time, twin commenced in its totality with the official deification temples on high podia dominated it on the North. A of Augustus, marked by groups of sculptures of the marble sculpture of Augustus in armour, of very good emperors and members of the imperial families in the quality, from bronze models, derives from this context. temples or in various shrines, and ended with Emperor The beginnings of the imperial cult and imperial pro- Trajan. In Salona a bust of him was found that marks paganda arrived after the pacification of the province, the celebration of his tenth year of rule, which rather and are marked by the building of temples and the belongs to the ordinary kind of imperial propaganda, positioning of imperial statues on the forum.2 and not to cult buildings. Unfortunately, the only In addition to the sculpture of Emperor Augustus, there slightly investigated oldest nucleus of Salona, the was probably another of Tiberius, the real general in forum with the buildings for the cult and for govern- the Bellum Batonianum, as well as members of the ment, are known only in basic outlines. Hence, it is not imperial family, as can be seen from the sculptures of possible to follow the whole development of Salonitan the boys Nero and Drusus Caesar.3 imperial cult.8 192 a temple of Jupiter was built, elements of which have been found incorporated into the embankment of the main side channel of the river.10 The best known Salonitan sculpture of Empress Plautilla, in two versions, tells of the observance of the imperial cult in the time of the Severans, while the most recent finding of a pedestal for a sculpture of Empress Prisca confirms the existence of the cult in the time of Diocletian, particularly connected with Salona.11 The base for the sculpture of Empress Prisca recently found in Salona is clear evidence of the cult of the imperial family of Diocletian in the capital of the pro- vince of Dalmatia as well. The dedicatory inscription of Aurelia Prisca as nobilissima femina found in the con- text of the spolia of the Antique temple consecrated to Jupiter shows that her sculpture must have been placed in this temple, and accordingly, a sculpture of Diocletian and those of other members of the imperial family as well. Perhaps there was a portrait of their daughter, Galeria Valeria, to whom the still uncertainly fig. 1 identified portraits of the empresses found in Salona Marble sculpture of are ascribed. It is clear that this temple housed the Augustus from cult of the imperial family until the era of the Tet- Salona (after Poch- 12 marski 2009).