DOCSLIB.ORG

Geology of Syncline Ridge Area Related to Nuclear Waste Disposal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geology of Syncline Ridge Area Related to Nuclear Waste Disposal I -_ tkm- 0- +2- T "I.- Open-File Report 80-942 Open-File Report 80-942 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGY OF THE SYNCLINE RIDGE AREA RELATED TO NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL, NEVADA TEST SITE, NYE COUNTY, NEVADA -Open-File Report 80-942 --.i -a.-:- 1980: _r ci a, Prepared by the U.S. Geological survey ci for the Office Nevada Operations - I U.S. Department of Energy '(Memorandum of Understanding DE-AI08-78ET44802) z , C w 'i THIS PAGE IS AN OVERSIZED DRAWING OR FIGURE, THAT CAN BE VIEWED AT THE RECORD TITLED: "GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE SYNCLINE RIDGE AREA, FIGURE 3". NOTE: Because of these page's large file size, it may be more convenient to copy the file to a local drive and use the Imaging (Wang) viewer, which can be accessed from the Programs/Accessories menu. D-01 Open-File Report 80-942 Open-File Report 80-942 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGY OF THE SYNCLINE RIDGE AREA RELATED TO NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL, NEVADA TEST SITE, NYE COUNTY, NEVADA By D. L. Hoover] and J. N. Morrison2 'U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo. 2Fenix & Scisson, Inc., Mercury, Nev. CONTENTS Page Abstract1------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Geography------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Investigations-------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Previous work--------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Acknowledgments------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Site potential summary----------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Stratigraphy--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Older Paleozoic rocks------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Eleana Formation…------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 Depositional environment and rock types-------------------------------------- 9 Unit G1---------------------------------------_______________________________ 12 Unit H…------------------__-------___________________________________ 12 Unit I----------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Unit J----------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Tippipah Limestone---------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Tertiary rocks-------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 AlluviumB----------________________________________________________________ 18 Volcanic rocks--------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Quaternary deposits--------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Weathered zone--------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Pediment gravel-------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Unit QTa--------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 Unit Q2---------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 Seep deposits---------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Unit Ql---------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Absolute age of Quaternary deposits------------------------------------------ 26 Structure------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 Regional setting------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 Paleozoic deformation------------------------------------------------------------- 28 Mesozoic deformation3-------------------------0----------_________________________ 30 Folds------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31 Thrust faults---------------------------------------------------------------- 31 Lateral faults…----_--_______________________________________ 33 High-angle faults3-----------------3-------------------3 Tertiary and Quaternary deformation----------------------------------------------- 34 Postvolcanic geologic history---------------------------------------------------------- 35 Engineering geology-------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 Argillite distribution------------------------------------------------------------ 39 Low-quartz argillite-------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Origin of low-quartz argillite----------------------------------------------- 42 ii CONTENTS--Continued Page Engineering geology--Continued Competency------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 Core index-----______ ______________________--- 52 Drill-hole gauge------------------------------------------------------- 55 Fracture analysis- -------------------------------------- 55 Mineralogy…--------- -------------------------------------------------------- 59 Chemical and selected trace element analysis-------------------------------- 63 Physical properties-------------------------------------- 63 Geomechanical properties--------------------------------------- 63 Thermal properties---------------------------------------------------------- 63 References cited----------------------------------------------------------------- 69 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure l.--Index map showing location of the Nevada Test Site and the Syncline Ridge area---------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.--Geologic map of the Syncline Ridge area showing principal stratigraphic units and major structures---------------------------- 4 3.--Geologic map of the Syncline Ridge area-------------------------------[in pocket] 4.--Structural and depositional framework of the Eleana Formation and its Late Devonian and Mississippian equivalents in the western U.S.---- 10 5.--Lithology of argillite subunit, unit J, Eleana Formation showing approximate locations of quartzites in subunit---------------------- 14 6.--Schematic cross section of Quaternary deposits between the Eleana Range and Syncline Ridge-------------------------------------------- 2o 7.--Schematic cross section of trench cut through pediment gravel showing location of samples collected for age dating of caliche------------- 27 8.--Map of southern Nevada and part of California showing some major structural features near the Syncline Ridge area-------------------- 29 9.--Cross section through central block of Syncline Ridge area------------ 32 10.--Isopach map of argillite subunit-------------------------------------- 40 ll.--Telluric map of Syncline Ridge area----------------------------------- 41 12.--Bouguer gravity anomaly map------------------------------------------- 43 13.--Frequency of thickness of low-quartz argillite layers in the UE17e drill hole---------------------------------------------------------- 46 14.--Graph of low-quartz argillite content versus API neutron units in the argillite subunit, unit J, Eleana Formation, UE17e drill hole------- 47 15.--Graph of low-quartz argillite content versus compressional velocities, argillite subunit, unit J, Eleana Formation, UE17e drill hole------- 48 16.--Amount of argillite subunit, unit J, Eleana Formation with velocities less than 3,500 m/s and greater than 3,500 m/s in the UE17e and UE1L drill holes…------------------ ---------------------------- 50 17.--Frequency of thickness of argillite with velocities less than 3,500 mIs and greater than 3,500 m/s in the UE17e and UElL drill holes-------- 51 iii ILLUSTRATIONS--Continued Page Figure 18.--Histograms of core indices, unit J, of the Eleana Formation---------- 54 19.--Histograms of out-of-gauge hole in argillite and quartzite in unit J, Eleana Formation------------------------------------------- 56 20.--Histograms of out-of-gauge bole by type of drilling fluid in argillite and quartzite in unit J, Eleana Formation---------------- 57 21.--Fractures per 100 dip interval, total fractures, and fractures in weathered and unweathered rock, unit J, Eleana Formation, in the UE17e and Eleana heating experiment drill holes-------------------- 58 22.--Fractures per 100-dip interval, total open and closed fractures, and open and closed fractures in weathered and nonweathered rock, unit J, Eleana Formation, in the UE17e and Eleana heating experiment drill holes- -------------------------------------- 60 23.--Fractures in 100-dip intervals for unfilled fractures and various fracture fillings, unit J, Eleana Formation, in the UE17e and Eleana heating experiment drill holes------------------------------ 61 24.--Physical properties of high-quartz argillite from core samples taken in the Syncline Ridge area----------------------------------- 66 25.--Bulk density of quartzite and argillite subunits, unit J, Eleana Formation from drill-hole data for UEIL, UE16d, and UE17e---------- 67 26.--Geomechanical properties of argillite in the Syncline Ridge area----- 68 TABLES Page Table l.--Stratigraphy of Tertiary rocks in the Syncline Ridge area-------------- 19 2.--Geomorphic and structural events of the Syncline Ridge area and Yucca Flat----------------------------------------------------------- 36 3.--Abundance, thickness, and spacing of low-quartz argillite and quartz veins in the UE17e drill hole…-------------------------------------- 44 4.--Drill holes used in core index study---------------------------------- 53 5.--Mineralogy of the argillite from unit J of the Eleana Formation in the Syncline Ridge area--------------------------------------------- 62 6.--Bulk chemical analysis of eight
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Source and Bedrock Distribution of Gold and Platinum-Group Metals in the Slate Creek Area, Northern.Chistochina Mining District, East-Central Alaska
    Source and Bedrock Distribution of Gold and Platinum-Group Metals in the Slate Creek Area, Northern.Chistochina Mining District, East-Central Alaska By: Jeffrey Y. Foley and Cathy A. Summers Open-file report 14-90******************************************1990 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary BUREAU OF MINES T S Arv. Director TN 23 .U44 90-14 c.3 UNITED STATES BUREAU OF MINES -~ ~ . 4,~~~~1 JAMES BOYD MEMORIAL LIBRARY CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Acknowledgments 2 Location, access, and land status 2 History and production 4 Previous work 8 Geology 8 Regional and structural geologic setting 8 Rock units 8 Dacite stocks, dikes, and sills 8 Limestone 9 Argillite and sandstone 9 Differentiated igneous rocks north of the Slate Creek Fault Zone 10 Granitic rocks 16 Tertiary conglomerate 16 Geochemistry and metallurgy 18 Mineralogy 36 Discussion 44 Recommendations 45 References 47 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Map of Slate Creek and surrounding area, in the northern Chistochina Mining District 3 2. Geologic map of the Slate Creek area, showing sample localities and cross section (in pocket) 3. North-dipping slaty argillite with lighter-colored sandstone intervals in lower Miller Gulch 10 4. North-dipping differentiated mafic and ultramafic sill capping ridge and overlying slaty argillite at upper Slate Creek 11 5. Dike swarm cutting Jurassic-Cretaceous turbidites in Miller Gulch 12 6 60-ft-wide diorite porphyry and syenodiorite porphyry dike at Miller Gulch 13 7. Map showing the locations of PGM-bearing mafic and ultramafic rocks and major faults in the east-central Alaska Range 14 8. Major oxides versus Thornton-Tuttle differentiation index 17 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Strike and Dip Refer to the Orientation Or Attitude of a Geologic Feature. The
    Name__________________________________ 89.325 – Geology for Engineers Faults, Folds, Outcrop Patterns and Geologic Maps I. Properties of Earth Materials When rocks are subjected to differential stress the resulting build-up in strain can cause deformation. Depending on the material properties the result can either be elastic deformation which can ultimately lead to the breaking of the rock material (faults) or ductile deformation which can lead to the development of folds. In this exercise we will look at the various types of deformation and how geologists use geologic maps to understand this deformation. II. Strike and Dip Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of a geologic feature. The strike line of a bed, fault, or other planar feature, is a line representing the intersection of that feature with a horizontal plane. On a geologic map, this is represented with a short straight line segment oriented parallel to the strike line. Strike (or strike angle) can be given as either a quadrant compass bearing of the strike line (N25°E for example) or in terms of east or west of true north or south, a single three digit number representing the azimuth, where the lower number is usually given (where the example of N25°E would simply be 025), or the azimuth number followed by the degree sign (example of N25°E would be 025°). The dip gives the steepest angle of descent of a tilted bed or feature relative to a horizontal plane, and is given by the number (0°-90°) as well as a letter (N, S, E, W) with rough direction in which the bed is dipping.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Nimrod Area Granite County Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1958 Geology of the Nimrod area Granite County Montana Joel Kenneth Montgomery The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Montgomery, Joel Kenneth, "Geology of the Nimrod area Granite County Montana" (1958). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 7095. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7095 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. aUv DATE DUE .**'“ '■’ K ^-r>o<> . t_A \J ^ D e c 0 1 ]ggg ^ A H 1 5 GEOLOGY OP THE NIMROD AREA GRANITE COUNTY, MONTANA by JOEL K. MONTGOMERY B. S. Brigham Young University, 1956 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1958 Approved by: Chairman, Board of ^aminers Dean, Graduate School 2 0 1953 bate UMl Number: EP37896 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT OisMftartion Publishing UMl EP37896 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoproterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen: Toward a Comprehensive Model
    Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen: toward a comprehensive model. Pierre Trap, Michel Faure, Wei Lin, Nicole Le Breton, Patrick Monié To cite this version: Pierre Trap, Michel Faure, Wei Lin, Nicole Le Breton, Patrick Monié. Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen: toward a comprehensive model.. Precambrian Research, Elsevier, 2012, 222-223, pp.191-211. 10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.008. insu-00628119 HAL Id: insu-00628119 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00628119 Submitted on 2 Jan 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen: Toward a comprehensive model Pierre Trapa, Michel Faureb, Wei Linc, Nicole Le Bretonb, Patrick Moniéd UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray a 25030 Besançon Cedex, France Institut des Sciences de la Terre d‟Orléans, CNRS, Université d‟Orléans (UMR 6113), b 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France State Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, c Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Géosciences Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5243, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier d Cedex 5, France Abstract In this contribution we present a reconstruction of the overall lithotectonic architecture, from inner zones to external ones, of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Orogen, within the North China Craton.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Some Belt Rocks, Montana and Idaho
    Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Some Belt Rocks, Montana and Idaho By J. E. HARRISON and D. J. GRIMES CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1312-O A comparison of rocks from two widely separated areas in Belt terrane UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 75-607766 4- V For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 35 cents CONTENTS Page Abstract .................................................................................................................. Ol Introduction ............................:.................................... .......................................... 2 General geology ...............................................................;.'................................... 3 Methods of investigation ........................y .............................................................. 7 Sampling procedure ..............................:....................................................... 7 Analytical technique for mineralogy ...............:............................................ 11 Analytical technique and calculations for geochemistry................................ 13 Mineralogy of rock types........................................................................................ 29 Geochemistry .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dairy Syncline Mine Project Record of Decision
    United States Department of Agriculture U.S. Forest Service Caribou-Targhee National Forest Final Record of Decision Dairy Syncline Mine Project, Caribou County, Idaho April 2020 Forest Service – Caribou-Targhee National Forest – April 2020 In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD- 3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992.
    [Show full text]
  • Tectonic Features of the Precambrian Belt Basin and Their Influence on Post-Belt Structures
    ... Tectonic Features of the .., Precambrian Belt Basin and Their Influence on Post-Belt Structures GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 866 · Tectonic Features of the · Precambrian Belt Basin and Their Influence on Post-Belt Structures By JACK E. HARRISON, ALLAN B. GRIGGS, and JOHN D. WELLS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER X66 U N IT ED STATES G 0 V ERN M EN T P R I NT I N G 0 F F I C E, \VAS H I N G T 0 N 19 7 4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-600111 ) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GO\·ernment Printing Office 'Vashington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cO\·er) Stock Number 2401-02554 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract................................................. 1 Phanerozoic events-Continued Introduction . 1 Late Mesozoic through early Tertiary-Continued Genesis and filling of the Belt basin . 1 Idaho batholith ................................. 7 Is the Belt basin an aulacogen? . 5 Boulder batholith ............................... 8 Precambrian Z events . 5 Northern Montana disturbed belt ................. 8 Phanerozoic events . 5 Tectonics along the Lewis and Clark line .............. 9 Paleozoic through early Mesozoic . 6 Late Cenozoic block faults ........................... 13 Late Mesozoic through early Tertiary . 6 Conclusions ............................................. 13 Kootenay arc and mobile belt . 6 References cited ......................................... 14 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURES 1-4. Maps: 1. Principal basins of sedimentation along the U.S.-Canadian Cordillera during Precambrian Y time (1,600-800 m.y. ago) ............................................................................................... 2 2. Principal tectonic elements of the Belt basin reentrant as inferred from the sedimentation record ............
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK, TECTONIC EVOLUTION, and DISPLACEMENT HISTORY of the ALEXANDER TERRANE Georgee
    TECTONICS, VOL. 6, NO. 2, PAGES 151-173, APRIL 1987 GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK, TECTONIC EVOLUTION, AND DISPLACEMENT HISTORY OF THE ALEXANDER TERRANE GeorgeE. Gehrels1 and Jason B. Saleeby Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena Abstract. The Alexander terrane consists of Devonian (Klakas orogeny). The second phase is upper Proterozoic(?)-Cambrian through marked by Middle Devonian through Lower Middle(?) Jurassic rocks that underlie much of Permian strata which accumulated in southeastern (SE) Alaska and parts of eastern tectonically stable marine environments. Alaska, western British Columbia, and Devonian and Lower Permian volcanic rocks and southwestern Yukon Territory. A variety of upper Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian syenitic to geologic, paleomagnetic, and paleontologic dioritic intrusive bodies occur locally but do not evidence indicates that these rocks have been appear to represent major magmatic systems. displaced considerable distances from their The third phase is marked by Triassic volcanic sites of origin and were not accreted to western and sedimentary rocks which are interpreted to North America until Late Cretaceous-early have formed in a rift environment. Previous Tertiary time. Our geologic and U-Pb syntheses of the displacement history of the geochronologic studies in southern SE Alaska terrane emphasized apparent similarities with and the work of others to the north indicate rocks in the Sierra-Klamath region and that the terrane evolved through three distinct suggested that the Alexander terrane evolved in tectonic phases. During the initial phase, from proximity to the California continental margin late Proterozoic(?)-Cambrian through Early during Paleozoic time. Our studies indicate, Devonian time, the terrane probably evolved however, that the geologic record of the along a convergent plate margin.
    [Show full text]
  • Tectonostratigraphic Terrane Analysis of New Brunswick L
    Document generated on 09/30/2021 12:46 p.m. Atlantic Geology Tectonostratigraphic terrane analysis of New Brunswick L. R. Fyffe and A. Fricker Volume 23, Number 3, December 1987 Article abstract the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/ageo23_3art01 The contents of a computerized lexicon database are displayed in the form of a range chart that demonstrate the spartial and temporal relationships of See table of contents lithtostratigraphic units to tectonostratigraphic terrans of New Brunsiwck. The chart provides a reference basis from which to derive the accretionary history of these terrance. Publisher(s) The tectonostratigraphlc zonation of Hew Brunswick ia based upon the Atlantic Geoscience Society uniqueness of the pre-Taconlan stratigraphy within each fault-bounded terrane. From northwest to southeast, the following terranes and cover sequences are recognized: Matapedia Cover. Blmtree Terrane, Mlramichi ISSN Terrane, Frederlcton Cover, St. Croix Terrane, Hascarene Terrane, and 0843-5561 (print) Avalonian Terrane. 1718-7885 (digital) Overstepping of the Matapedia Cover Sequence indicates that the Elmtree and Mlramichi terranes were docked with the North American craton by the Late Explore this journal Ordovician to Early Silurian. The presence of a similar early Paleozoic stratigraphy, tectonic style and major Silurian unconformity in the St. Croix Terrane suggests that it had become docked to the Mlramichi Terrane prior to this subduction-related Taconian event. Cite this article Detritus and a similar fauna in the cover rocks of the St. Croix Terrane provide Fyffe, L. R. & Fricker, A. (1987). Tectonostratigraphic terrane analysis of New evidence that it was docked to the Hascarene Terrane by the Late Silurian.
    [Show full text]
  • Limestone Resources of Western Washington
    State of Washington DANIEL J. EVANS, Governor Department of Conservation H. MA URI CE AHLQUIST, Director DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MARSHALL T. HUNTTING, Supervisor Bulletin No. 52 LIMESTONE RESOURCES OF WESTERN WASHINGTON By WILBERT R. DANNER With a section on the UME MOUNTAIN DEPOSIT By GERALD W. THORSEN STATII PRINTING PLANT, OLYMPI A, WASH, 1966 For sale by Department of Conservation, Olympia, Washington. Price, $4,50 FOREWORD Since the early days of Washington's statehood, limestone has been recognized as one of the important mineral resources _of the State. The second annual report of the Washington Geological Survey, published in 1903, gave details on the State's limestone deposits, and in later years five other reports published by the Survey and its successor agencies hove given additional information on this resource. Still other reports by Federal and private agencies hove been published in response to demands for data on limestone here. Although some of the earlier reports included analyses to show the purity of the rocks, very few of the samples for analysis were taken systemati­ cally in a way that would fairly represent the deposits sampled. Prior to 1900 limestone was produced for use as building stone here, and another important use was for the production of burned Ii me . Portland cement plants soon became leading consumers of Ii mestone, and they con­ tinue as such to the present time . Limestone is used in large quantities in the pulp industry in the Northwest, and in 1966 there was one commercial lime-burning plant in the State. Recognizing the potential for industrial development in Washington based on more intensive use of our mineral resources, and recognizing the need to up-dote the State's knowledge of raw material resources in order to channel those resources into the State's growing economy, the Industrial Row Materials Advisory Committee of the Deportment of Commerce and Economic Development in 1958 recommended that a comprehensive survey be made of the limestone resources of Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • Dec 15, 1999 LAB MANUAL 1209
    October 2012 LAB MANUAL 1209.0 1209.0 LITHOLOGICAL SUMMARY 1209.1 GENERAL This test procedure is performed on aggregates to determine the per- centage of various rock types (especially the deleterious varieties) regulated in the Standard Specifications for Construction. 1209.2 APPARATUS A. Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (10% ±) - One part concentrated HCL with 9 parts water and eyedropper applicator B. "Brass Pencil" - (See Section 1218.2 for description) C. Balances - Shall conform to AASHTO M 231 (Classes G2 & G5). Readability & sensitivity 0.1 grams, accuracy 0.1 grams or 0.1%. Balances shall be appropriate for the specific use. D. Small Hammer, Steel Plate and Safety Glasses E. Paper Containers - Approximately 75mm (3") in diameter F. Magnifying Hand Lens (10 to 15 power) G. Unglazed Porcelain Tile (streak plate) 1209.3 TEST SAMPLE The test sample, prepared in accordance with Section 1201.4G, shall be washed (Observe washing restrictions in Section 1201.4G1c) and then dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 110 ± 5 °C (230 ± 9 °F). (See Section 1201, Table 1, for sample weights.) 1209.4 PROCEDURE Examine and classify each rock piece individually. Some rock types may need to be cracked open to identify or determine the identifying properties of the rock. (Always wear safety glasses). The following general guidelines are for informational purposes: • Always break open pieces of soft rock or any others of which you are unsure as the outside is often weathered. • Pick the easy particles first October 2012 LAB MANUAL 1209.4 • Don't be overly concerned about questionable particles unless they will fail the sample.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis, "Structure and Evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in South
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael Curtis Hagood for the Master of Science in Geology presented February 21, 1985. Title: Structure-and Evolution of the Horse Heaven Hills in South-Central Washington. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Marvin H. Beeson, Chairman Michael L. Cummings Gilbert T. Benson Stephen P. Reidel The Horse Heaven Hills uplift in south-central Washington con- sists of distinct northwest and northeast trends which merge in the lower Yakima Valley. The northwest trend is adjacent to and parallels the Rattlesnake-Wallula alignment (RAW; a part of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament). The northwest trend and northeast trend consist of aligned or en echelon anticlines and monoclines whose axes are gener- ally oriented in the direction of the trend. At the intersection, La 2 folds in the northeast trend plunge onto and are terminated by folds of the northwest trend. The crest of the Horse Heaven Hills uplift within both trends is composed of a series of asymmetric, north vergent, eroded, usually double-hinged anticlines or monoclines. Some of these "major" anti- clines and monoclines are paralleled to the immediate north by lower- relief anticlines or monoclines. All anticlines approach monoclines in geometry and often change to a monoclinal geometry along their length. In both trends, reverse faults commonly parallel the axes of folds within the tightly folded hinge zones. Tear faults cut across the northern limbs of the anticlines and monoclines and are coincident with marked changes in the wavelength of a fold or a change in the trend of a fold. Layer-parallel faults commonly exist along steeply- dipping stratigraphic contacts or zones of preferred weakness in intraflow structures.
    [Show full text]