____________________________________________________________________________________ SHELBURNE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 2014 VOLUME II DATA, BACKGROUND INFORMATION, AND ANALYSIS [As approved by Selectboard February 25th, 2014] ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ [Acknowledgements] [The significant and lasting contributions of all those who participated in the development of this Plan are hereby acknowledged,] ____________________________________________________________________________________ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. HISTORY 3 III. LAND AND ITS USE 7 IV. POPULATION 27 V. HOUSING 39 VI. ECONOMY 45 VII. TRANSPORTATION 51 VIII. COMMUNITY FACILITIES, UTILITIES, SERVICES 69 IX. EDUCATION 101 X. ENERGY 105 XI. PLAN COMPATIBILITY 113 Under separate cover Volume I Maps ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction I. INTRODUCTION The Shelburne Comprehensive Plan (“Plan”) is a policy document created to guide development and conservation in the Town. The Plan was created by a group of citizens who share deep respect for the Town's past, who understand present conditions and trends, and who sincerely wish to advance the aspirations residents have for the Town's future. As the principal comprehensive statement of land use policy for the Town of Shelburne, the Plan is meant to direct Town efforts in land use planning and growth management, the provision of public facilities and services, environmental protection, land conservation, and sustainable economic development. A. ORGANIZATION OF DOCUMENT The Plan is divided into two volumes. Volume 2—this volume—consists of important background information and analysis. The information and analysis contained herein highlight aspects of the community likely to contribute to or detract from the realization of the Vision set forth in Volume 1. Text contained in Volume 2 is also intended to clarify, where appropriate, the meaning of statements contained in Volume 1. Volume 1 contains the Plan’s Vision Statement, Goals, Objectives, and Recommended Actions. Volume 1 is the culmination of a multi-year process (initially undertaken during 2005-2007 and revisited in 2010-2013) involving careful inventory, analysis, public involvement, and policy formulation. As the statements contained in Volume I lay out steps to realize the Town’s desired future (i.e., its Vision), all future land use decisions made by the Town should conform to the applicable Goals, Objectives, and Recommended Actions. The Plan also contains an extensive series of maps. The maps are published under separate cover but are considered an integral part of the Plan. B. AUTHORITY The Town of Shelburne is authorized to prepare and implement the Comprehensive Plan by the Vermont Municipal and Regional Planning and Development Act (Title 24, Vermont Statutes Annotated, Chapter 117). The stated purpose of the Act is to encourage the appropriate development of all lands... in a manner which will promote the public health, safety against fire, floods, explosions and other dangers; to promote prosperity, comfort, access to adequate light and air, convenience, efficiency, economy and general welfare; to enable the mitigation of the burden of property taxes on agricultural, forest and other open lands; to encourage appropriate architectural design; to encourage the development of renewable resources; to protect residential, agricultural and other areas from undue concentrations of population and overcrowding of land and buildings, from traffic congestion, from inadequate parking and the invasion of through traffic, and from the loss of peace, quiet and privacy; to facilitate the growth of villages, towns and cities and of their communities and neighborhoods so as to create an optimum environment, with good civic design; to encourage development of a rich cultural environment and to foster the arts; and to provide a means and methods for the municipalities and regions of this state to plan for the prevention, minimization and future elimination of such land development problems as may presently exist or which may be foreseen and to implement those plans when and where appropriate. ________________________________________________________________________________ Comprehensive Plan Page 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Introduction The Act contains several requirements governing the content and extent of municipal plans. Some of these requirements identify specific elements municipal plans must include, while others establish goals and policies which, if relevant, plans must address. Both types of requirements have guided the development of the Shelburne Comprehensive Plan. The lands which are the subject of this Plan are shown on Map 1, Shelburne Base Map. C. IMPLEMENTATION AND AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN The Plan will be implemented through local, regional and state regulatory processes, through the work and actions of various Town committees and boards, and through the activities of Town government departments. Regulatory forms of implementation include the administration of the Town’s zoning and subdivision bylaws and use of the Plan in the “Act 250” (state land use and development control) and “Section 248” (certification of energy and utility facilities) processes. Non-regulatory forms of implementation include the updating and amendment of Shelburne’s capital budget and program and public works specifications. Upon adoption of this Plan, the Town’s bylaws, capital budget and program, and public works specifications, will be reviewed and revised, where necessary, to be consistent with the goals and objectives of this Plan. Consistent with state law, the Planning Commission will endeavor to update this Plan every five years. However, the Commission may—and likely will—review and evaluate the effectiveness of the Plan in attaining and implementing the goals of the Plan more frequently than every five years. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 2 Comprehensive Plan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shelburne History II. HISTORY Many people believe that before charting a course towards its future, a community should first look back and assess its past. To that end, the following paragraphs present an overview of Shelburne’s rich history in the years since settlement by Europeans. The land that became Shelburne may have been occupied, at least occasionally, by indigenous peoples as many as 7,000 years prior, during what is known as the Archaic period. In the period between 1,000 BC and AD 1600, more permanent settlements of native peoples known as the Abenaki were present. A. CHARTER The Town of Shelburne was chartered on August 18, 1763. In that year, Governor Benning Wentworth of the New Hampshire Colony granted charters to thirty-seven towns. Controversy had developed between the New Hampshire and New York colonies over sovereignty of the Vermont Territory, and the outcome was in doubt. Since Wentworth stood to lose a great deal financially if it were decided that the lands were not his domain, he quickly disposed of much of his land in 1763. The Town of Shelburne was named for the Earl of Shelburne, a member of British Parliament who had championed the claim of New Hampshire to lands between the Connecticut River and Lake Champlain. The Town was originally granted a total of 23,500 acres. However, when a survey was completed, a large portion of this land was found to overlap land claimed by Burlington. Since Burlington's charter was a month older than Shelburne's, its claim took precedence. Burlington's claim originally included part of Shelburne Point, but in 1794 the State Legislature returned that land to Shelburne. In 1848 an additional portion of land was given to the Town of St. George, reducing Shelburne's size to roughly 60 percent of the size of the original grant. B. EARLY SETTLEMENT Of Shelburne's sixty-five original proprietors, only John Potter was to actually live in the Town. Potter settled at Shelburne Point in 1768 with Thomas Logan, and the two became associated in transporting oak timber rafts to the Quebec market. On returning from a delivery to Quebec in 1775, they were murdered by two escorts assigned to provide them protection. Potter and Logan, however, are credited with opening the lumber trade with Canada during the preceding seven years. Although Potter and Logan were Shelburne's first known settlers, Lyman Thayer, the nineteenth century town historian, has stated that an Indian village and burying ground were located at the head of Shelburne Bay, near where the LaPlatte River and McCabes Brook, formerly known as Cogman's Brook, converge. By the time of the American Revolution, about ten families had settled in Shelburne near the Lake. However, the unrest caused them to leave for points south. The Town did not begin to see resettlement until 1783. By the time the first town meeting was called in March