 Class : Insecta

Blattodea Coleoptera Diptera Phthiraptera Hemiptera Hymenoptera Siphonaptera Class : Insecta Order: Diptera

Suborder: I- II- III-Cyclorrhpha Introduction to diptera:

• Holometabulous

• Most of them are not medically important, but……………. • African trypanosomiasis •Dengue fever •Leishmaniasis •Malaria •Chagas disease •Onchocerciasis •Lymphatic filariasis Main characteristic of diptera:

1. One pair of functional wings

2. Halter Suborder: Nematocera

• Adult

• Larvae

• exarate

 Pupal type in which the wings and legs are free from the body and the abdomen is movable Suborder: Brachycera

• Adult

• Larvae

• pupa • coarctate, which is essentially exarate but remaining covered by the cast skins

• obtect, with appendages more or less glued to the body Suborder: Cyclorrapha

• Adult

• Larvae

• Pupa • A more recent classification has been proposed in which the Nematocera is split into two suborders, the Archidiptera and the Eudiptera, but this has not yet gained widespread acceptance among dipterists. • Suborder Nematocera • Suborder Brachycera – Infraorders and – Infraorder – (largely the of older schemes).  Sub order: Nematocera Family: Culicidae

Subfamily: I- Toxorhynchitinae II- Anophelinae III- Culicinae Introduction to mosquitoes

• Slender and relatively small • Body divided to three part • Proboscis elongate forward Head

• Kidney shaped • Compound eyes • Filamentous and segmented antennae • can be sexed by antennae Thorax

 Covered with scales ( identification character)  Long and relatively narrow wings, covered with scales (ID)  Scale as a fringe along the posterior border  Long and slender legs abdomen

• 10 segments • Covered ventrally or dorsally with scales Mouthparts Salivary glands Life cycle

• Mate shortly after emergence • One mating is needed • Anautogenous • Autogenous Gonothrophic cycle Oviposition and biology of Eggs: Larval morphology and biology

• Legless • Thorax wider than head and abdomen • Four active larval • All require water Larval habitats:

 Vary from large and permanent collections of water, as swamps, rice fields, pools, drains

 Natural container habitats, Man-made container habitats

 Absent in large expanses of water and fast flowing water PUPA:

• Aquatic and comma shaped

• Respiratory trumpets

• Do not feed ADULTS BEHAVIOR • Nocturnal

• Anthropophile species, Zoophile species

• Endophagic, Exophagic

• Endophilic,Exophilic • The biting behavior of female may be very important from epidemiological point of view

• The resting behavior of adult mosquito is important in planning control measures Order: Diptera family: Culicidae

Subfamily: I-Toxorhinchitinae II- Culicinae III-Anophelinae