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Plevrakimaria2015.Pdf ΑΝΩΤΑΤΟ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ Σχολή Τεχνολογικών Εφαρμογών Τμήμα Μηχανικών Πληροφορικής Αξιολόγηση απόδοσης ενός πρότυπου μηχανισμού ανίχνευσης P2P περιεχομένου σε Ασύρματα δίκτυα Πλευράκη Μαρία ΑΜ 2246 Εισηγητής: Ευάγγελος Πάλλης Ηράκλειο, Μάιος 2015 Υπεύθυνη δήλωση Βεβαιώνω ότι είμαι συγγραφέας αυτής της πτυχιακής εργασίας και κάθε βοήθεια την οποία είχα για τη προετοιμασίας της, είναι πλήρως αναγνωρισμένη και αναφέρεται στη πτυχιακή εργασία. Έχω αναφέρει τις όποιες πηγές από τις οποίες έκανα χρήση δεδομένων, ιδεών ή λέξεων, είτε αυτές αναφέρονται ακριβώς είτε παραφρασμένες. Επίσης βεβαιώνω ότι αυτή η πτυχιακή εργασία προετοιμάστηκε από εμένα προσωπικά, ειδικά για τις απαιτήσεις του προγράμματος σπουδών του Τμήματος Μηχανικών Πληροφορικής του Τ.Ε.Ι. Κρήτης. ii Σε όλους όσους με βοήθησαν στη διάρκεια των σπουδών μου iii Ευχαριστίες Η πτυχιακή αυτή εργασία υλοποιήθηκε στο εργαστήριο ΠΑΣΙΦΑΗ με χρήση της υλικοτεχνικής υποδομής του. Θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω όλο το προσωπικό του εργαστηρίου για τη βοήθειά του. Ιδιαίτερα θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω τον Ευάγγελο Πάλλη για το θέμα της πτυχιακής εργασίας, τον Ευάγγελο Μαρκάκη για την υποστήριξή του σε όλη τη διάρκεια της εκπόνησης της πτυχιακής αυτής και το Γιώργο Αλεξίου για τη πολύτιμη βοήθειά του και τις συμβουλές του. iv Σύνοψη Η ευρεία διείσδυση του Διαδικτύου το έχει καθιερώσει σε ένα από τα κύρια μέσα επικοινωνίας. Σε συνδυασμό με την εξάπλωση των κινητών συσκευών, αναγκαία κρίνεται η χρήση εφαρμογών που θα εκμεταλλεύονται στο μέγιστο βαθμό τους διαθέσιμους πόρους των συστημάτων και θα διαθέτουν μηχανισμούς για τη ταχύτερη μετάδοση των δεδομένων. Ιδανική λύση στο πρόβλημα αυτό δίνουν τα peer to peer συστήματα καθώς με φθηνό τρόπο μπορούν να εκμεταλλευτούν τους αχρησιμοποίητους πόρους του και να αυξήσουν την αποδοτικότητά του. Σε αυτή τη πτυχιακή εργασία θα γίνει η αξιολόγηση ενός πρότυπου μηχανισμού peer to peer εφαρμοσμένος σε ασύρματα δίκτυα. Ο πρότυπος αυτός μηχανισμός δίνει τη δυνατότητα στους κόμβους που τον χρησιμοποιούν, να ανιχνεύουν την ασύρματη λήψη Bittorrent δεδομένων από γειτονικούς τους κόμβους, πέρα της χρήσης του τυπικού Bittorrent μηχανισμού. Οι συμμετέχοντες κόμβοι στο διαμοιρασμό ενός αρχείου μπορούν έτσι να ανιχνεύουν και να λαμβάνουν μέρος των Bittorrent δεδομένων που χρειάζονται απευθείας από τον “αέρα”, χωρίς την αποστολή αιτημάτων για λήψη τους προς τους γειτονικούς κόμβους. Ως αποτέλεσμα προκύπτει η πολύ πιο γρήγορη διανομή των δεδομένων στους κόμβους του δικτύου. v Abstract The pervasiveness of the Internet has established it as one of the main means of communication. In combination with the proliferation of mobile devices, it is necessary to use applications that will exploit to the maximum extent the available resources of the systems and have mechanisms for faster data transmission. The ideal solution to this problem is given by the peer to peer systems as inexpensively can exploit unused system resources and increase their scalability. In this thesis a prototype peer to peer mechanism implemented in wireless networks will be evaluated. This prototype mechanism enables nodes that use it, to detect the wireless download of Bittorrent data from their neighbour nodes, beyond the use of the default Bittorrent mechanism. The participants in sharing a file nodes, can detect and download part of the Bittorrent data needed directly from the air, without sending requests to download content to their neighbour nodes. The result is a much faster data distribution to network nodes. vi Περιεχόμενα Υπεύθυνη δήλωση ................................................................................................................................... ii Ευχαριστίες ............................................................................................................................................ iv Σύνοψη ................................................................................................................................................... v Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. vi Περιεχόμενα ..................................................................................................................................... vii Πίνακας Σχημάτων............................................................................................................................ ix “The quitter you become, the more you are able to hear!” ................................................................... x 0. Εισαγωγή ........................................................................................................................................... 1 0.1 Στόχοι ........................................................................................................................................... 1 0.2 Δομή ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Peer to Peer συστήματα ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Εισαγωγή ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Χαρακτηριστικά peer to peer συστημάτων .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Αρχιτεκτονική peer to peer δικτύων ............................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 Κεντρικοποιημένο Σύστημα ................................................................................................. 3 1.3.2 Αποκεντρικοποιημένο Σύστημα............................................................................................ 4 1.3.2.1 Δομημένα ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2.2 Αδόμητα ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.3 Υβριδικό Σύστημα ................................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Bittorrent πρωτόκολλο ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.1 Bittorrent Handshake ............................................................................................................ 7 1.4.2 Bittorrent Μηνύματα ............................................................................................................. 8 2. Ασύρματα δίκτυα ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Εισαγωγή ................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Πρότυπα 802.11 ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Χαρακτηριστικά ........................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Αρχιτεκτονική 802.11 ......................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2.1 Φυσικό Επίπεδο PHY ................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2.2 Επίπεδο ζέυξης MAC ...................................................................................................... 15 2.3 802.11g πρότυπο ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.3.1 OFDM ................................................................................................................................. 19 2.3.2 DSSS ................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 CCK .................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.4 PBCC .................................................................................................................................. 21 2.3.5 CSMA / CA ......................................................................................................................... 21 3. Μηχανισμός Broadcast Aware Peer to Peer (BAP2P) ..................................................................... 23 3.1 Εισαγωγή ................................................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Αρχιτεκτονική BAP2P ............................................................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Traffic Monitoring and Identification ................................................................................ 25 3.2.2 Content Storage ................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Content Distribution............................................................................................................ 25 4. Αξιολόγηση μηχανισμού .................................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Εισαγωγή ..................................................................................................................................
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