THE BOARDMAN LAKE WATERSHED STUDY GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY, MICHIGAN

December 2003

The Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay, Ball Environmental Associates and Great Lakes Environmental Center

Funding provided by:

Coastal Zone Management Act, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Michigan Coastal Management Program, administered by the Department of Environmental Quality, Environmental Science and Services Division and Cone Drive Operations, Inc.

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... 5 INTRODUCTION AND STUDY AREA ...... 6 PROJECT TASKS ...... 7 COMMERCIAL HISTORY IN THE WATERSHED ...... 8 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND SIZE ...... 9 PROJECT GOALS...... 11 PREVIOUS STUDIES ...... 12 BOARDMAN RIVER NATURAL RIVER PLAN ...... 12 BOARDMAN RIVER WATERSHED REPORT...... 12 BOARDMAN RIVER RESTORATION AND PROTECTION PLAN...... 13 MDEQ SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION SURVEY REPORT ...... 13 GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER SEDIMENT REPORT...... 15 GRAND TRAVERSE BAY WATERSHED PROTECTION PLAN...... 17 METHODS ...... 18 BOARDMAN LAKE WATERSHED BOUNDARY DELINEATION...... 18 HISTORICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY ...... 18 LAND USE SURVEY ...... 19 HISTORIC WETLAND LOSS ...... 21 IMPERVIOUS SURFACE ANALYSIS...... 21 AVIAN AND HERPETOLOGICAL SURVEYS ...... 23 AQUATIC MACROPHYTE ASSESSMENT...... 24 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSESSMENT ...... 25 SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT ...... 26 RESULTS ...... 30 LAND USE SURVEY ...... 30 HISTORIC WETLAND LOSS ...... 30 IMPERVIOUS SURFACE ANALYSIS...... 30 AVIAN AND HERPETOLOGIAL SURVEYS...... 31 AQUATIC MACROPHYTTE ASSESSMENT...... 33 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSESSMENT ...... 35 SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT ...... 36

2 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 37

List of Tables

TABLE 1 MDNR HERPTELOGICAL SURVEY RESULTS, BOARDMAN LAKE WATERSHED TABLE 2 AQUATIC PLANT SPECIES LIST TABLE 3 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING RESULTS TABLE 4 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS RESULTS TABLE 5 MACROPHYTE AND MACROINVERTEBRATE, SITES 2-4 TABLE 6 NUTRIENT SAMPLING RESULTS TABLE 7 MICHIGAN 10 METALS SAMPLING RESULTS TABLE 8 SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT SAMPLING LOCATIONS/ANALYSIS PARAMETERS

List of Figures

FIGURE 1 BOARDMAN LAKE WATERSHED STUDY AREA MAP FIGURE 2 1961 AERIAL PHOTO MOSAIC FIGURE 3 2003 DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTO FIGURE 4 (A-B) SOUTH AIRPORT ROAD WETLAND LOSS ANALYSIS FIGURE 5 (A-B) IMPERVIOUS SURFACE ANALYSIS MAP FIGURE 6 AQUATIC MACROPHYTE AND BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING SITE LOCATIONS FIGURE 7 MACROPHYTE SURVEY SAMPLING SITE LOCATIONS FOR TRANSECTS 1-12 FIGURE 8 (A-D) SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT LOCATIONS

List of Appendices

APPENDIX A BOARDMAN LAKE WATERSHED LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP

APPENDIX B BOARDMAN RIVER REPORTS

BOARDMAN RIVER WATERSHED REPORT, SEPTEMBER 1991 BOARDMAN RIVER RESTORATION AND PROTECTION PROJECT, 1999 BOARDMAN RIVER NATURAL RIVER PLAN, 1976 AND 2002

3 MDEQ SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION SURVEY REPORT GREAT LAKES ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER SEDIMENT REPORT

APPENDIX C ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. RADIUS MAP REPORTS

APPENDIX D MDEQ FOIA LETTER

APPENDIX E BOARDMAN LAKE/RIVER AVIAN AND HERPETOLOGICAL SPECIES LISTS

APPENDIX F BOARDMAN LAKE/RIVER GPS LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS

APPENDIX G BOARDMAN LAKE/RIVER CONTAMINATION SITES MAP/DESCRIPTIONS

APPENDIX H AQUATIC MACROPHYTE SURVEY DATA SUMMARY

APPENDIX I BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SURVEY DATA SUMMARY

4 Executive Summary

The physical, biological, and built infrastructure resources of the Boardman Lake watershed were identified and evaluated for potential impacts to the long term water quality of Boardman Lake and the lower reaches of the Boardman River. This study is intended to complement previous and ongoing watershed management plans within the region. This study has found:

• Twenty-nine (29) contamination sites existing within the watershed were determined to represent potential threats to Boardman Lake or Boardman River. • Impervious surfaces within the Boardman Lake watershed are currently over 2.5 times the threshold known to result in degraded water quality. • Nutrient loading, bacterial contamination, heavy metal concentrations, and/or thermal pollution were documented within six tributaries to Boardman River, at seven stormwater culverts along the Boardman River and within one location on Boardman Lake. • Aesthetic impact has occurred along the banks of Boardman Lake adjacent to the former Boot Lake Dump, and along the Boardman River at the former Keystone dump. • Nutrient and bacterial pollution exist at two storm water culverts within the City of Traverse City. • An area lacking life within the bottomland of Boardman Lake exists within an area east of the ends of Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets. • Two sediment contamination “hot spots” exist within Boardman River bottomlands.

Finally, it is recommended that further investigation and remedial measures be considered and undertaken in accordance with these findings. It is recommended that:

• Land use planning and regulation be encouraged to explore the application of “low impact development” storm water treatment techniques.

5 • Natural and biological resources of the watershed should be further monitored and understood to promote and protect the regions economy. • Education efforts should promote the essential link between land use and water quality protection and improvement

Introduction and Study Area

Located in northwest lower Michigan, the Grand Traverse Bay is one of premier tourist and outdoor recreation areas in the State of Michigan. From the crystal clear waters of Lake Michigan and scenic shoreline to the small town atmosphere of Traverse City and surrounding communities, residents of the region enjoy a high quality of life while attempting to balance growth and prosperity. As local units of government plan for development and the rehabilitation and increased recreational use of the shores of Boardman Lake, the Watershed Center of Grand Traverse Bay in association with Cone Drive/Textron Corporation and State of Michigan Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Program within the Water Division (formerly Surface Water Quality Division), Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) to plan for maintenance, improvement, and restoration of water quality and increased public use and enjoyment of Boardman Lake and River north of Boardman Lake.

As Grand Traverse County grows, the continued protection to the area’s natural and biological resources is an important issue to be addressed. Following the construction of South Airport Road, the southern portion of Boardman Lake, the inlet of the Boardman River into Boardman Lake, and surrounding wetlands have been significantly altered, potentially negatively impacting water quality in this area. Historic industrial uses and current expansion of service and other industry along South Airport, Cass, Barlow, and Keystone Roads poses challenges for continued development as balanced with environmental protection.

Boardman Lake exists within the political boundaries of the City of Traverse City and the Charter Township of Garfield (hereafter referred to as Garfield Township). Boardman River south to Sabin Dam, which is the southern most boundary for this study, exists

6 entirely within Garfield Township. Boardman Lake has a total area of 314 acres. As determined for this study, the Boardman Lake watershed consists of 4,594 acres or 16 square miles, making it the third largest subwatershed within the greater Grand Traverse Bay Watershed. Boardman River is the major tributary into the Boardman Lake, followed by Miller and Jack Creeks. Because of the nature of historic industry, commercial enterprises and agricultural lands in the greater Grand Traverse region, water quality of the Boardman Lake watershed will likely be influenced by cooperation of local municipalities through land use planning, and state and federal environmental programs, including development and cleanup activities.

Project Tasks

This Boardman Lake watershed report project consisted of the investigation of historic and current land uses, infrastructure systems, and existing water quality and natural and biological resources. The main goal of this report is to gain baseline knowledge of potential impacts to Boardman Lake from current and historic land use practices within the watershed. Specifically, the study included the following essential elements within the Boardman Lake watershed:

¾ An assessment of historic and current land use practices within the watershed and their effect on water quality. ¾ An assessment of historic wetland loss. ¾ A delineation of stormwater sewer infrastructure, and assessment of stormwater contributions to Boardman Lake and Boardman River. ¾ A determination of impervious surface percentage. ¾ A delineation of the Boardman Lake watershed boundaries from Sabin Dam north, based on storm drain infrastructure in the City of Traverse City and area hydrology. ¾ The development of a series Geographic Information Systems (GIS) map layers to support quantifying, analyzing, and illustrating environmental trends and conditions.

7 ¾ An assessment of water quality through monitoring nutrients and bacteria from tributary and principal storm water discharges. ¾ An assessment of baseline water quality parameters. ¾ An assessment of the watershed’s natural and biological resources, including benthic macroinvertebrates and aquatic macrophytes, and a review of existing baseline data on the biological condition. ¾ Conducting public meetings to facilitate the involvement of the general public on the process and progress of the management plan.

Commercial History in the Watershed

Industry along Boardman Lake and Boardman River dates back to the early 1900s, and can be described as manufacturing and light industry.1 The logging industry was the primary influence in the Grand Traverse region from the 1850s to the early 1900s. However, with the growing number of agricultural businesses, particularly in the fruit trade, a variety of manufacturing firms established along these waterways, ranging from cigar and candy production to farm implements and even car and truck manufaturing. Probably the most notable was the Traverse City Iron Works, located along the south banks of Boardman River between Union and Cass Streets and founded in 1874 by William Holdsworth. Traverse City Iron Works produced many of specialty saw and shingle mill machinery for the local sawmills and lumber camps. The firm was renowned nationwide for the first production of the frost-proof fire hydrant.

At the Boardman River outlet from Boardman Lake sat the Oval Wood Dish Company that, around the turn of the century, produced thin wooden containers for retail meat and dairy products. The Oval Wood Dish Company also made wire-end dishes, wash boards, clothes pins, and various lumber products. These products were distributed nationwide until about 1918, when the company relocated to Tupperville, New York.

1 Melkind, M. 1982. Currents of the Boardman. Grand Traverse Historical Society, Traverse City, Michigan. 147 p.

8 Two vehicle factories operated in the early 1800s along the Boardman Lake producing drays (a low heavy cart); mill carts; wagons; and an annual manufacture of four hundred sets of sleighs. Petertyls, located on North Union Street, made carriages, buggies and wagons, and sleighs in the early 1800s.

On the site of the current governmental building in Traverse City, sat the R.W. Round and Son foundry. This facility was built around 1900 to manufacture heavy castings for building columns and door sills. Other manufacturers formerly located on either the Grand Traverse Bay or Boardman River included Parsons Company, Maxbauer and Northern Creameries, Murray’s Boats, Darrow’s Marina, Cherry Growers, Traverse City Canning, and Morgan McCool. While most of these manufacturers have left the area, their legacy as well as that of the current industry continues, and the imprint of some of their production currently exists in the soils and water of the Boardman Lake watershed. Beginning in the 1960’s, the Grand Traverse region was increasingly viewed as a growing tourist and recreational destination. One of the goals of this report was to identify, evaluate, and determine potential impacts to the water quality of the lower Boardman watershed from current as well as historic land uses.

Geographic Location and Size

For purposes of this study, the Boardman Lake watershed boundaries were delineated. Watershed boundaries to the north are determined by the City of Traverse City’s storm drain infrastructure. Boundaries to the east and west are determined topographically as interpreted by U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) topographic maps. Watershed boundaries to the south include the watersheds of Jack’s and Miller Creeks. Please refer to Figure 1 for a map of the boundaries of the Boardman Lake watershed. Due to geographic coverage of previous studies, Sabin Dam was chosen as the southern most reference point for the southern boundary.

The Boardman Lake watershed is located in Grand Traverse County, and discharges into the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay. It is approximately 7.2 square miles or 4,953.8 acres in size. Nearly eleven (11) miles of river and tributary stream are encompassed in

9 the watershed, and a maximum elevation consists of 1,004 feet above mean sea level, and 424 feet above Lake Michigan level. The Boardman Lake subwatershed is a small part of the larger Boardman River watershed encompassing 283.8 square miles, and the larger Grand Traverse Bay watershed that drains nearly 973 square miles of land and spans six counties and 55 separate units of government.

The municipalities of the City of Traverse City and the Garfield Township exist as the political entities with jurisdiction over land use and development within the Boardman Lake watershed boundaries. Boardman Lake watershed can be characterized as primarily urban.

Once extensively covered with forest, the watershed was clear-cut for lumber like many others in Michigan. Today approximately 671.3 acres of forest exist within the watershed boundaries (based on 1990 State of Michigan MIRIS data). For this study, urban land use was broken into residential, commercial, industrial, transportation/utilities, and open/recreation. The following table illustrates the land use breakdown for the Boardman Lake watershed study area. Please refer to Appendix A for a map of the land uses in the Boardman Lake watershed.

Land Use (1990) Acres by Use Percent Residential 1,037.5 24% Commercial 321.5 7% Industrial 878 20% Transportation/Utilities 48.8 1% Open/Recreation 98 2% Cropland 249.8 5% Orchards 111 2% Other Agriculture 133.6 3% Forest Hardwood 420.1 9% Forest Conifer 251.2 5% Rangelands 620.1 3% Water 327.9 7% Wetlands 96.7 2%

Total 4,593.8

10 Project Goals

Previous studies of the natural and biological resources of Boardman waterways have primarily focused on Boardman River upstream of Sabin Dam, while little previous study has focused solely on the Boardman Lake. Goals of this project were to gain baseline information on the natural and biological resources of the Boardman Lake, to determine potential sites of environmental contamination that may impact Boardman Lake, and to make recommendations on further study and/or restoration efforts. The GIS component of this study focused first on delineating the Boardman Lake watershed from Sabin Dam to the mouth of the Boardman River at Grand Traverse Bay. In addition, GIS goals were concentrated on determining percentage wetland loss in a portion of the watershed, and the determination of the existing impervious surface percentage within the delineated boundaries of the watershed.

This study also focused on the assessment of nutrients, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and heavy metals within Boardman Lake and Boardman River. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, heavy metals, and E. coli concentrations were determined in surface water samples. Watersheds with significant agricultural and urban development, or with mixes of these uses, often experience concentrations of nutrients and/or bacteria. E. coli found in streams is likely closely linked to land use within urban areas from animal and/or human wastes. Local and regional management of fertilizer and pesticide use and land use development, and stormwater management planning can go a long way toward improving water quality conditions. Concentration of nutrients vary considerably from season to season and following storm events. Samples from Traverse City stormwater outfalls were collected during rain events. This also assured that the culverts and storm drains would have a consistent flow of water for sampling. Heavy metal concentrations were a concern given the extent of stormwater runoff entering the watershed from Boardman River at the northern end of the urban areas within the City of Traverse City.

Another project goal included gaining baseline knowledge of macrophyte and benthic macroinvertebrate populations in the Boardman Lake watershed. The presence (or absence) of macrophytes (aquatic plants) and macroinvertebrates (aquatic organisms

11 lacking a backbone) are good biological measures of the health of aquatic systems. Some macroinvertebrate species are more tolerant of degraded environments, while others are extremely sensitive to changes in water quality.

In terms of terrestrial wildlife, the goals of this project were not to collect new data, but to compile, and summarize existing data. The Grand Traverse Audubon Club (GTAC) was consulted for all avian surveys conducted in the watershed. Data from frog and toad surveys conducted each spring by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) were acquired from the MDNR Nongame Division for the years 1996-2002. Various studies assessing the natural resources of Boardman River have also been conducted (Refer to Appendix B for copies of previous studies). The most notable of these are the Boardman River Natural River Plan of 1976, the Boardman River Watershed Report of 1991, and the Boardman River Restoration and Protection Project of 1999.

Previous Studies

Boardman River Natural River Plan

The Boardman River Natural River Plan was prepared by the MDNR, and revised and submitted February 1976. The Boardman River Natural River Plan provides a physical description of the river and surrounding areas, reviews the values of the river and factors affecting its future nature and use, and provides a plan for the protection of the river’s natural qualities and to guide its future use. While this document consists of valuable recommendations, it is a nontechnical document that does not address specific water quality parameters and/or potential impacts from non-point source pollution.

Boardman River Watershed Report

The Boardman River Watershed Report was prepared by the Grand Traverse and Kalkaska Soil and Water Conservation Districts in 1991. This report focuses on the Boardman River from the headwaters to the mouth at Grand Traverse Bay. Its purpose were to inventory the water quality problems within the watershed, and to propose an action plan for dealing with the problems that pose the greatest threat to maintaining the

12 state-designated uses of the Boardman River. This report identifies the types and locations of those human activities which contribute to the sedimentation of the Boardman and its tributaries. Best management practices for each of those sites are recommended, all of which are sensitive to the upper Boardman River’s designation as a “natural river and a blue ribbon” trout stream.

Boardman River Restoration and Protection Plan

The Boardman River Restoration and Protection Project Plan was submitted in July 1999 by the Grand Traverse Conservation District. This report focuses primarily on the impacts of sedimentation to the river and improving the Boardman River’s productivity as a blue ribbon trout stream.

MDEQ Sediment Contamination Survey Report

The MDEQ has been conducting sediment contamination surveys on the Boardman Lake since 1997. MDEQ in conjunction with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) began sediment sampling in 1997. Sediment sampling on Boardman Lake has focused on numerous commercial, industrial, and municipal sites along the lakeshore. Some of these facilities have discharged wastewater directly to surface waters, while others had nearby waste disposal locations or waste lagoons. These agencies undertook Boardman Lake sediment contamination analysis to determine the potential for impact from point and nonpoint sources. Sediment samples were collected from 17 locations along Boardman Lake using the U.S. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office research vessel and a sediment coring unit. U.S. EPA Ecological Screening Levels (ESLs) were used as guidelines for chemical analysis. Chemical levels at some locations exceeded severe effect levels (SELs) and lowest effect levels (LELs) for certain types of inorganic chemicals. The following is a summary of the findings of aquatic toxicity from the report (refer to Appendix B for a copy of the report including a map of sampling locations):

“From a potential aquatic toxicity standpoint and based on sediment quality guidelines, the most significant chemical results were associated with stations 70, 71, 51, 52 and 60 (locations described below).

13 At Station 70, about 200 yards downstream of the Traverse City Wastewater Treatment Plant outfall, the SEL was exceeded for copper and LELs exceeded for arsenic, iron, manganese, mercury, and several purgeable aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

The SEL was exceeded for pyrene (a PAH) at Station 71 which is located a short distance upstream from the former Traverse City Iron Works foundry site. LELs were also exceeded for arsenic, copper, manganese, mercury, and several PAHs at Station 71. Station 71 also had the greatest number of PAH compounds present when compared to other stations.

At Station 72 downstream of the former foundry, SELs were exceeded for copper, iron, lead, mercury, zinc, and PAHs fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. LELs at Station 72 were exceeded for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese and two PAHs.

Solvent/metal degreasing type compounds or their breakdown products were found at Stations 51 and 52 in the vicinity of the former Stromberg/Carlson (S/C) and Cone Drive/Textron sites. These compounds included trans-1,2- Dichloroethene, cis-1,2-Dichloroethene, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. Although sediment quality guidelines are not available for these volatile organic compounds, their presence in sediments can often be due to contaminated groundwater venting to the surface water.

At Station 60, cyanide was found at an elevated level when compared to the statewide cyanide mean of 0.18 mg/kg for sediment samples collected from waterbodies where good to excellent aquatic biological communities were found to be present from an additional study.2 Additionally, at Station 60, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, and manganese exceeded SELs, while nickel, lead, zinc,

2 Jones, R. 1999. Reference site sediment chemistry report for wadeable streams, 1994, 1997, and 1998. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Water Division. Report No. MI/DEQ/SWQ-99/060.

14 and several PAHs were present at concentrations above LELs. Based on field notes, the water at Station 60 was 64 feet deep, which was the deepest of all stations and likely represents a major sediment depositional area. Consequently, although the source(s) of the contaminants found at Station 60 is not known, chemicals discharged to the lake above this point may be settling out in the vicinity of Station 60.

Bioaccumulative chemicals of concern, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides such as DDT and others that can cause human health impacts by transference through the food chain, were not detected in sediments collected during the survey. Mercury was detected at three stations in a localized area at the downstream end of the lake. Two of the mercury concentrations slightly exceeded the mean mercury sediment value reported by Evans et al. (1991)3 for lakes with municipal and/or industrial discharging points.”

Stations 51 and 52 were located near the Cone Drive/Textron facility. Station 60 was located parallel to Fourteenth Street. Stations 70 and 71 were located just upstream from the outlet of Boardman Lake and the Traverse City Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Great Lakes Environmental Center Sediment Report

As part of the effort, a follow-up study (to the MDEQ report) was conducted in June 2002 by Great Lakes Environmental Center (GLEC). This study involved the collection and analysis of surficial sediment samples from areas in the vicinity of Stations 60, 70, and 71 from the 1997 MDEQ study. Sediment samples of these locations were analyzed to determine the level of contamination for the chemicals of concern identified within the 1997 study. The toxicity of a subset of the samples from each location was determined by GLEC utilizing 10-day whole sediment toxicity tests with an amphipod, Hyalella azteca, and an insect, Chironomous tentans.

3 Evans, E., M. Wilson, and W. Creal. 1990. Assessment of mercury contamination in selected Michigan lakes. In Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Sediment Contamination Survey, Boardman Lake. Report No. MI/DEQ/SWQ-01/073.

15 The following is a summary of GLEC’s results of chemical analyses at the three stations on Boardman Lake.

“(E)levated concentrations of contaminants in the sediments in the Boardman Lake and River exist at the sampled locations, and…..sediments in some area are toxic to sediment dwelling freshwater organisms. At Station 60 cadmium, chromium, copper, cyanide, nickel and zinc were found at higher concentrations in 1997 than in this study. However, the cyanide concentration exceeded the statewide mean of 0.18 mg/kg for sediment samples collected from waterbodies where good to excellent biological communities were present. The PAH concentrations from Station 60 were much higher in this study than in the 1997 study. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo(a)pyrene were found above the probable effect concentrations in most sediment samples.

For all the PAHs analyzed in sediment samples from Station 60, either the reporting limit (RL) or the measured concentration exceeded the U.S. EPA Ecological Data Quality Limits (EDQLs), with the exception of benzo(b)fluoranthene. At Station 70, copper and mercury were detected at concentrations greater than the threshold effect concentration (TEC). Copper exceeded the TEC in five of the nine samples, and mercury exceeded the TEC in six of the nine samples. For all the PAHs analyzed in sediment samples from Stations 70 and 71, either the RL or the measured concentration exceeded the U.S. EPA EDQL, with the exception of benzo(b)fluoranthene.

The results of this study indicate that there are elevated concentrations of contaminants in the sediments in the Boardman Lake and River at the sampled locations, and that the sediments in some areas are toxic to sediment dwelling freshwater organisms.”

The Boardman Lake watershed project was initiated to understand the inputs of potentially harmful organic and inorganic substances to Boardman Lake and watershed.

16 The review of historic industrial sites along the lake and river was conducted to help direct sampling efforts to likely point and non-point sources contamination. The project is to result in a report of findings and recommendations for further study, sampling, and restoration.

Grand Traverse Bay Watershed Plan

In 2001, The Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay received a Watershed Management Planning Grant for the Grand Traverse Bay Watershed Plan from the U.S. EPA and the MDEQ. These funds were authorized by Section 319 of the Federal Clean Water Act, and were used to develop a Watershed Protection Plan for the Grand Traverse Bay watershed.

Work on the Grand Traverse Bay Watershed Protection Plan project began in September 2001. The MDEQ Water Division is providing oversight for the project, and the plan, as of the end of December 2003, is complete and approved.

The Grand Traverse Bay Watershed Protection Plan provides a description of the watershed (including such topics as bodies of water, population, land use, municipalities, and recreational activities), summarizes each of the nine subwatersheds to Grand Traverse Bay, and outlines current water quality levels in the bay. Within the two-year development phase of the watershed protection plan, water quality threats were identified, and implementation efforts to improve these areas were researched, developed, and prioritized.

This plan is intended for use by regional environmental and conservation non-profit groups, lake associations, local governments and other government agencies, volunteer groups, and others and provides recommendations to protect the Grand Traverse Bay watershed. This report will be considered an appendix to the Grand Traverse Bay Protection Plan, and is intended to guide its implementation within the Boardman Lake subwatershed.

17 Methods

Boardman Lake Watershed Boundary Delineation

For the purposes of this study, the Boardman Lake watershed study area was delineated by building on existing USGS and MDEQ basin/sub-basin boundaries, and further delineating the boundaries by analyzing topography and storm drain infrastructure. The northern boundaries of the watershed within the limits of City of Traverse City were determined by drawing a boundary line using the MDEQ draft sub-basin boundary and rectifying in accordance with the City’s storm drain infrastructure. Storm drain lines could be considered the most accurate determinant of runoff in the urban area. The eastern boundary delineation follows the USGS sub-basin boundary, and the western boundary follows the MDEQ draft sub-basin boundary. Sabin Dam was selected as the southern extent of the watershed boundary. Vertical Mapper® 3.2 was then used to build and analyze a terrain model from the USGS 10 meter Digital Elevation Model, and to describe slope breaks on a line from Sabin dam to the east and west boundaries. This map produced the southern boundary of the study area.

Historical Aerial Photography

Historical aerial photography provides a means to measure land use/land cover trends as well as physical changes in land and water features. In order to facilitate this part of the study assignment, a series of 23 aerial photographs from 1961 of the Boardman Lake area were obtained from the City of Traverse City Engineering Department. These black and white photo panels were then scanned on a large format scanner. The digital images were then registered to earth coordinates, and tiled into one master mosaic to facilitate spatial comparisons to current features in (2003 photos). The 1961 aerials are not “corrected” orthophotos, so a rubber-sheeting technique was used to obtain the best possible match between photo panels. Each 1961 photo was cropped and rotated to a simulated longitudinal. The photos were then registered to earth coordinates in MapInfo Professional 7.0. The Grand Traverse County parcel layer and the 1997 digital orthophotos (DOQs) were used as the reference layers to register the aerial photographs,

18 with a resultant best approximation to a NAD 83 international feet Michigan Central zone datum. Land Use Survey

Ball Environmental Associates (BEA) undertook a review of the MDEQ files for Boardman Lake and Boardman River north of Sabin Dam. Prior to this file review, an Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR) report was generated for the upper Boardman River between Cass and Keystone Roads, and the Boardman Lake area between Cass and Barlow Roads. The EDR report presents search results from available environmental records form the following sources:

National Priority List Proposed National Priority List Comprehensive Environmental Response, and Liability Information System CERCLIS No Further Remediation Action Planned List Corrective Action Report Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System Emergency Notification Response System Underground Storage Tank Facility List Superfund Consent Decrees Records of Decision National Priority List Deletions Facility Index System/Facility Identification Initiative Program Summary Report Hazardous Materials Information Reporting System Material Licensing Tracking System Mines Master Index File Federal Superfund Liens PCB Activity Database System RCRA Administrative Action Tracking System Toxic Chemical Release Inventory System Toxic Substance Control Act List Section 7 Tracking System

19 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act/Toxic Substance Control Act Tracking System Aboveground Storage Tanks Former Manufactured Gas and Coal Sites State and Hazardous Waste Sites Solid Waste Facilities and Landfill Sites Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Baseline Environmental Assessments

The EDR search reviews environmental databases for a one-mile radius around the site of interest. A map is provided in the report showing the target property and any sites of environmental concern that result from the database search. It also provides a detailed description of each site including the name of the company, owner phone number, source of contamination, and other relevant information to further track the individual sites. Also included in this report, is a summary of sites that due to poor or inadequate address information, were not able to be mapped by EDR. Please refer to Appendix C for a copy of the EDR reports.

The MDEQ contamination Internet database was used to determine the sites of environmental contamination. Michigan Part 201 sites, leaking underground storage tanks, and historic landfill databases were queried for Grand Traverse County and cross- referenced with an Internet map provider for location in the Boardman Lake watershed. A Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) letter was sent to the Environmental Response and the Storage Tank Divisions (now both referred to as the Redevelopment and Remediation Division), and the Waste Management Division (now referred to as the Waste and Hazardous Materials Division) at the Cadillac District office requesting a file review session. Please refer to Appendix D for a copy of the FOIA letter and list of environmental sites of concern. Per the FOIA, BEA reviewed the relevant files at the Cadillac District office, on October 30, 2002 and December 16, 2002. For each file reviewed, BEA recorded the location of the site, groundwater flow from the site, the primary contaminants of concern observed at the site, any historic sampling conducted

20 and results if indicated concentrations above residential cleanup standards, and the current status of the site.

In October 2002, aerial photographs from 1961 were copied from the Grand Traverse County GIS and Planning office. Aerial photos were copied for the entire Boardman Lake watershed. Each photo was assessed for areas of contamination, and to interpret historic wetland fills along the banks of the river and lake. Areas of soil disturbance or environmental concern were marked and cross-referenced with the sites from the survey of historic land uses. New areas of concern as identified were further investigated. Areas of concern were assigned a label and mapped.

Land use and land cover were determined for the Boardman Lake watershed study area. The Grand Traverse County 1990 land use map was used analyze land use and produce a thematic map to describe land cover in the study area.

Historic Wetland Loss

Wetland loss in the area of South Airport Road and the Boardman River was documented comparing 1961 and 2003 aerial photographs. In order to analyze wetland acreage change between 1961 and 2003, a study area of just under 420 acres was selected within the Boardman Lake watershed.

MDEQ, Michigan Resource Information System (MIRIS) data were used in conjunction with 1961 aerial photos to develop a map of wetlands in 1961. A new 2003 wetland layer was created through aerial interpretation of the 2003 DOQ maps, and inference of field knowledge to better describe actual 2003 wetlands. Comparison of wetlands in 1961 and 2003 resulted in a percent wetland loss between those years.

Impervious Surface Analysis

This study sought to determine changes in impervious surface, such as roads, roof tops, parking and other paved areas, etc. within the Boardman Lake watershed. To derive meaningful results required developing an estimation procedure, based on established principles for impervious surface research. A literature search found several references

21 to impervious surface determination methods. The most comprehensive reference found was a study sponsored by the Maryland Biological Stream Survey.4 This study discusses thresholds of area impermeability that result in degraded water quality (e.g., 10% or less imperviousness for sensitive streams), as well as GIS methods for determining wide-area permeability.

The most accurate way to determine surface permeability involves interpreting and digitizing every impervious feature found in high resolution aerial imagery. This type of effort would exceed this study’s goals, and would arguably exceed the level of detail needed to support this ecological and hydrological evaluation. In order to analyze and describe permeability in the study area, select areas were analyzed, and permeability coefficients (percentages) were established that could be repeated in similar areas. A grid of 245 1,000-foot square cells was overlain on DOQs within the study area. Each cell was then visually inspected and either “scored” as 0% impervious - 100% permeable (no visible man-made features) or reserved for detailed interpretation and digitizing or to receive an applied coefficient. A total of 45 cells were given a zero score, including any cells with 100% open water. The remaining cells were selected by “type,” i.e., downtown blocks, city residential, industrial, or rural residential. The next step in the analysis involved detailed interpretation and digitizing of either the impervious features or the permeable areas in a series of “reference” cells. If open water was present as a portion of the cell, the water’s square footage was determined and subtracted from the impervious calculation so that only the land portions of the area were measured for permeability. A total of 56 reference cells or 23% of the study area received a detailed interpretative analysis. These 56 cells then provided a reference for applying a general visual inspection a coefficient to the remaining 144 “visual” cells that had not been assigned an initial zero value. The visual scoring method’s accuracy was supported by creating a visual estimate for each of the 56 analyzed cells prior to interpretation and digitizing and then comparing assumptions to results. Visually scored cells also tended to be like or homogenous to the reference cell. For example, cells from downtown blocks

4 Stranko, S. and B. Rodney. 2001. Habitat quality and biological integrity assessment of freshwater streams in the St. Mary’s River watershed. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, CBWP-MANTA- EA-01-2.

22 or residential neighborhoods could have very little visual variance from the reference cell used to score that visual cell.

The formula used to calculate permeability coefficient for reference cells is (areas in square feet):

Total Cell Area – Total Open Water Area = Total Land Area / Impervious Surface Area (or Permeable Area) = % Impervious Area

Avian and Herpetological Surveys

Existing data from avian and herpetological surveys was compiled and used as baseline data within the Boardman Lake watershed. Bird survey data from 1995 to 2003 was provided GTAC, as stated previously. Surveys were conducted year-round, during daylight hours.

Herpetological data for the Boardman Lake watershed was provided from MDNR, Nongame Wildlife Division. Frog/toad surveys were initiated in 1988 to increase knowledge of frog and toad abundance and distribution in Michigan at a time when frogs, toads, and other amphibians have been shown to be declining worldwide.

In 1996, a statewide system of permanent survey routes was developed. Each route consists of ten wetland sites, which are visited three times during spring and summer by volunteer observers. At each site, the observer identifies the species present based on calls and makes an estimate of their abundance. For the Boardman Lake watershed, specific section numbers and associated routes were compiled from the MDNR survey data. Species composition and abundance was recorded for only those sections in the Boardman Lake watershed for years 1992 to 2002.

For existing avian surveys, data was compiled for the following areas for the associated years:

23 Grand Traverse Education Reserve: 1995-2000 Between YMCA and Sabin Dam: 1996-2003 General Vicinity of Boardman Lake: 1987-1988, 1997-1999

Refer to Appendix E for species lists from the GTAC bird surveys. These lists represent the compilation of many years of surveys. For ease of analysis for this study, only the species composition was documented, not abundance of each species.

Aquatic Macrophyte Assessment

Aquatic macrophyte surveys were conducted at thirty (30) select locations along twelve (12) transects on Boardman Lake. GLEC’s survey method is based on American Public Health Association (APHA),5 previous GLEC macrophyte studies, and survey techniques described in MDEQ procedures, published journal articles, and MSU publications.

A late summer/early fall survey was conducted during September 20036 to provide reliable preliminary information on the late season plant species at the time of maximum plant growth. At each study site, a survey transect was established perpendicular to the shore. The number of intervals sampled along any given transect was based on characteristics of the lake bottom and the extent of the plant growth for each area. For example, a transect which crosses a steep drop-off may only have one or two sampling sites along a transect because of the steep characteristics of the lake bottom while a shallow area may have three or four sampling sites along a single transect. At each sampling site a weighted rake with a retrieving line (i.e., a rake tow) was used to obtain plants from all four sides of the boat (bow, stern, starboard, and port). There were twelve (12) transects with thirty (30) sampling sites. Therefore, 120 rake tows were used to characterize the aquatic vegetation of Boardman Lake. In addition to these rake tows, observation were made by direct observation of the lake bottom. Relative densities were determined based on the quantity of plants obtained by each rake retrieval, by the number

5 APHA, 2000. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Method 10040 C. Macrophyton-Vegetation Mapping. 6 Sample site 13 was collected on November 15, 2003.

24 of retrievals for which a particular species was present, as well as by direct observations of the lake bottom when possible. Aquatic plant density ratings were assigned for each sampling site using the following criteria:

Density Rake Method Direct Observation (Lake Bottom Not Visible) (Lake Bottom Visible) Dense Species fills the rake in all four casts 70 percent or greater coverage Heavy Species found mixed with other plants in all four 30-70 percent coverage casts of the rake Moderate Species found in three of the four rake casts 10-30 percent coverage Sparse Species found in two of the four rake casts 3-10 percent coverage Found Species found in one of the four rake casts 1 percent or less coverage

Each transect was identified by shoreline landmarks and/or geographic information systems (GPS) coordinates. Plant species collected were identified and recorded in the field or at GLEC’s laboratory. Voucher specimens are archived at GLEC and at the University of Michigan Herbarium. To insure maximum visibility, the surveys were conducted on a sunny to partly sunny day with low wind, between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Secchi disk transparency and water temperature measurements were taken during the survey, and a brief description of the shoreline vegetation was noted on the data forms. The transect data was then used to compile a species list.

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assessment

Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling at the stream sites was conducted according to MDEQ’s Procedure #51.7 Procedure #51 has been developed by MDEQ to provide a more standardized evaluation of the biological conditions and water quality trends in streams statewide. It provides for an analysis of the fish community, the benthic macroinvertebrate community, and habitat quality. In this project only the latter two components were evaluated.

7 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Water Division (formerly the Surface Water Quality Division). 1997. GLEAS Procedure #51 Survey Protocols for Wadeable Rivers. Chapter 25A in Schneider, James C. (ed.) 2000. Manual of fisheries survey methods II: with periodic updates. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Special Report 25, Ann Arbor.

25 Procedure #51 calls for streams to be scored according to a set of selected measurements or “metrics.” A total of nine benthic macroinvertebrate metrics and nine habitat metrices are applied to wadeable streams in Michigan.

The scores for each metric are added together resulting in a single score for each component evaluated. The final scores are then compared to sites in the same ecoregion within the state that have been determined as “excellent” by MDEQ biologists. These excellent sites are used as comparative measures to which the biological and physical parameters of all other streams are assessed.

Macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted during September of 2003, within the recommended sampling time of June 1 and September 30 at time of low or moderate flow. A 100-organism sub-sample was obtained from each stream site, and was identified to the family level. Following the protocol, the macroinvertebrate community was scored in comparison to reference sites in the same ecoregion. The stream habitats were also scored according to MDEQ Procedure #51.

For Boardman Lake sampling sites, an Eckman dredge was used to collect sediment samples from the edge of the macrophyte growth areas in the lake. Samples were then sieved in the field to retain the benthic macroinvertebrates. The organisms were identified to genus level when possible. MDEQ does not have an established protocol for the lake habitats and the benthic scoring keys from the wadeable streams protocol are not applicable to the lake sites. Consequently, no metrices were applied to the samples collected in the Boardman Lake. The benthic samples were used to generally characterize the benthic fauna of Boardman Lake. The data include a spreadsheet of the organisms listed and enumerated by family for the tributary and river sites and to genus for the lake sites.

Surface Water Assessment

Based on the review of MDEQ documents, a complete survey of the properties along the river and lake within the study area was conducted. Locations of every tributary,

26 culvert/storm drain, and potential sampling site was documented with a GPS instrument. Refer to Appendix F for descriptions of each GPS location.

A surface water assessment of Boardman Lake and Boardman River was conducted to determine inputs of phosphorous, nitrogen, heavy metals, and E. coli bacteria. Surface water inputs were observed during the initial shoreline assessment form Sabin Dam to the mouth of Grand Traverse Bay. Surface water was collected from tributaries, culverts, storm drains and other inputs entering Boardman Lake and Boardman River within the study area. All surface water samples were collected as grab samples using EPA Method SW-846 protocol. All samples were collected by BEA. Tributary samples were collected at the mouth where the tributary entered the river on July 23, 2003. Temperature, pH, and any other relevant observations were noted at each sampling point during the sampling event. These samples were collected in 250 ml glass and/or plastic bottles provided by GLEC. Each sample was submitted to GLEC laboratory under chain of custody, and analyzed for E. coli, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous. Surface water samples were collected from waters above pore water or “hyporheic zones” along the former Keystone dump, former Boot Lake dump, and the Lear Corporation. Samples at South Airport Road were collected from road runoff to Boardman River during a storm event. Samples were collected and analyzed for Michigan 10 metals, total phosphorous, and total nitrogen. Surface water from three culverts and storm drains was also collected on July 23, 2003. Surface water from eight culverts and storm drains was collected during a heavy rain event on October 3, 2003. A sample of surface water was also collected from the Boardman River mouth at Grand Traverse Bay on July 23, 2003. Surface water samples were collected in 500 ml plastic jars and analyzed for Michigan 10 metals at SOS Laboratory in Traverse City. All other samples were analyzed at GLEC. E. coli colonies per 100 ml were compared to two U.S. EPA total body contact water quality standards for bacteria and is summarized in the following paragraph:8

8 U.S. EPA report # 821-R-97-004. 2000. Improved Enumeration Methods for Recreational Water Quality Indicators: Enterococci and Escherichia coli. U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Health and Ecological Criteria Division, Washington D.C.

27 “All waters of the state protected for total body contact recreation shall not contain more than 130 E. coli per 100 milliliters, as a 30-day geometric mean. Compliance shall based on the geometric mean of all individual samples taken during 5 or more sampling events representatively spread over a 30-day period. Each sampling event shall consist of 3 or more samples taken at representative locations within a defined sampling area. At no time shall waters of the state protected for total body contact recreation contain more that a maximum of 300 E. Coli per 100 milliliters. Compliance shall be based on the geometric mean of 3 or more samples taken during the same sampling event at representative locations within a defined sampling area.”

Total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations were compared to the U.S. EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria Recommendations for rivers and streams in Nutrient Ecoregion VII.9 Several different U.S. EPA databases were consulted for comparison values for total phosphorous. From a study conducted in 1993, the North and South Branches of the Boardman River and Jack’s Creek indicated phosphorous levels between 0 and 20 ug/L with a mean value of 8.85 ug/L (source: U.S. EPA Nutrient Criteria Database). From various studies on the Boardman River from 1967 to 1993, total phosphorous levels ranged between 0 and 340 ug/L with a mean of 86.0 ug/L (source: U.S. EPA Legacy STORET database).

According to the MDNR state designated uses for the Boardman River:

“The Boardman River is to be protected for recreation – total body contact (i.e., swimming); intolerant fish – cold water species; industrial water supply; agricultural and commercial water supply and other uses.”

9 U.S. EPA report # 822-B-00-018. 2000. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Recommendations and Information Supporting the Development of State and Tribal Nutrient Criteria for Rivers and Streams in Nutrient Ecoregion VII. U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Health and Ecological Criteria Division, Washington D.C.

28 Based on these designated uses, criteria for surface water protection is based on Rule 323.1057 Water Quality Values of Part 4 Water Quality Standards from the Water Division of MDEQ.10 The following values were compared to the sample result concentrations for Michigan 10 metals.

Human Non-cancer Value (HNV): “means the maximum ambient water concentration of a substance at which adverse non-cancer effects are not likely to occur in the human population from lifetime exposure through either drinking the water, consuming the fish from the water, and conducting water-related recreation activities.”

Aquatic Maximum Value (AMV): “means the highest concentration of a material in the ambient water column to which an aquatic community can be exposed briefly without resulting in unacceptable effects.”

Final Chronic Value (FCV): “means the level of a substance or a mixture of substance that does not allow injurious or debilitating effects in an aquatic organism resulting from repeated long-term exposure to a substance relative to the organism’s lifespan.”

Final Acute Value (FAV): “means the level of a chemical or mixture of chemicals that does not allow the mortality or other specified response of aquatic organisms to exceed 50% when exposed for 96 hours, except where a shorter time period is appropriate for certain species.”

Wildlife Value (WV): “means the maximum ambient water concentration of a substance at which adverse effects are not likely to result in population-level impacts to mammalian and avian wildlife populations from lifetime exposure through drinking water and aquatic food supply.”

10 Administrative Rules, Part 4. Water Quality Standards, promulgated pursuant to Part 31 of the Natural Resources Environmental Protection Act, 1994 PA 451, as amended.

29 Results

Land Use Survey

A total of forty-three (43) sites of environmental concern were identified and evaluated within the Boardman Lake watershed from MDEQ Part 201, Leaking Underground Storage Tank, Waste Management and general county files. Please refer to Appendix G for a complete list and a mapped description of each site. The current status of each site was assessed and recorded. Twenty-nine (29) sites were determined to currently represent potential threats to Boardman Lake and/or Boardman River (indicated by two asterisks after the heading name in Appendix G), and thirteen (13) sites were “closed” according to MDEQ standards. Based on this assessment, many sites have undergone or are currently undergoing soil or groundwater monitoring (13 sites), soil excavation (14 sites), or both.

Historic Wetland Loss

The GIS analysis of wetland loss focused on the area of South Airport Road and the Boardman River. The 1961 digitized aerial photographs were aligned in a mosaic and compared to 2003 aerial photographs for wetland loss analysis. Refer to Figure 2 for a map of the 1961 aerial photo mosaic and Figure 3 for a map of the 2003 digital orthophoto. This analysis determined that in 1961 there were approximately 126 acres of functional wetlands in this area, while 80 acres existed at the time of this study. The wetland analysis demonstrated an approximate loss of 46 acres, or 36% of wetlands lost during this period. Refer to Figure 4 for the wetland loss analysis.

Impervious Surface Analysis

A total of 45 cells were given a score of zero, and 56 reference cells or 23% of the study area received a detailed impervious surface analysis. The remaining 144 cells were visually inspected and given a permeability coefficient based on the initial analysis of the 56 cells. Of the total 245 cells analyzed, impervious surface for the Boardman Lake watershed was determined to be 24.7%. Refer to Figure 5 for the results of the impervious surface analysis.

30 Avian and Herpetological Surveys

A total of seventy (70) bird species were observed from the YMCA property to Sabin Dam between 1996 and 2003, and 85 bird species were observed between 1995 and 2000 at the Grand Traverse Nature Reserve. Refer to Appendix E for a complete species list for both sites.

Herpetological surveys were compiled for six routes in the Boardman Lake watershed, within Grand Traverse County. Data was compiled for years 1996-2002 for only those sections that fall within the delineated Boardman Lake watershed from the Grand Traverse County data set (of Zone 2 from the statewide dataset). Sections 2, 3, 10, and 11 of the City of Traverse City and sections 14, 15, 20, 22, 23, 27, and 28 of Garfield Township include the area of the Boardman Lake watershed where the MDNR surveys were conducted. The following wetland types were surveyed in the Boardman Lake Watershed:

Vernal Pond A small body of standing water that forms in the spring from meltwater and are often dry by mid-summer or may even be dry before the end of the spring growing season. Many vernal ponds occur in depressions in agricultural areas, but may also be found in woodlots. Wetland vegetation may become established but are usually dominated by annuals.

Wet Meadow Wet meadows usually look much like a fallow field except that they are dominated by water-loving grasses and sedges. They will contain nearly 100% vegetative cover with very little or no open water. Any surface water present is temporary or seasonal and only during the growing season in the spring. Wet meadows often form a transition zone between aquatic communities and uplands with soils that are often saturated and mucky.

31 Bog or Fen Bogs are found on saturated, acid peat soils that are low in nutrients. They support low shrubs, herbs and a few tree species on a mat of sphagnum moss. Some bogs are totally overgrown and some consist of open water surrounded by floating vegetation. Acid-tolerant plants found in and around bogs include woody plants such as Labrador tea, poison sumac, tamarack, and black spruce. Many species of orchids prefer bog habitats, as do insect- eating sundews and pitcher plants. Bogs are usually only found in the northern part of Michigan.

Fens are similar to bogs except that the soils are more alkaline because they result form water passing through calcareous deposits. Fens have a higher plant diversity that bogs due to higher nutrient levels. Fens can be found in the southern part of Michigan.

Marsh Marshes have standing water from less than an inch up to 3 feet deep. The amount of water can fluctuate seasonally or from year to year. They are dominated by soft-stemmed emergent plants such as cattails and rushes. Vegetative cover is usually around 50%. In Michigan, marshes can be found at the edge of some rivers and lakes, in lowlands and depressions, and in swales between sand dunes.

Wooded Swamp Wooded swamps are aptly named because they are dominated by woody plants such as shrubs and/or trees. The soil is saturated throughout the growing season. Some may become dry during the summer months. In Michigan, trees and shrubs found in wooded swamps include red and silver maple, cedar, balsam, willow, alder, black ash, elm and dogwood. They often occur along streams or on floodplains, in flat uplands or shallow lake basins.

32 Pond Ponds are bodies of water that are less than 20 acres in size and do not dry up during summer months. There is little emergent vegetation but some floating vegetation may occur around the edges.

Northern spring peeper numbers were the highest for all species which is consistent with statewide occurrences. The western chorus frog showed a statistically significant increase over the last eight years statewide.11 According to this study’s results, the western chorus frog showed a general increase from 1999 to 2001 (a range of 3 to 16 occurrences) and a drop again in 2002 (only 9 occurrences). Both the northern leopard frog and the eastern American toad showed statewide declines from 1996 to 2002, although not significant. Both species occurrences in the Boardman Lake watershed showed stable numbers. However, these findings suggest that the northern leopard frog was “rare.” Refer to Table 1 for a table of species and occurrences in the Boardman Lake watershed.

Based on the 1990 land use analysis for the Boardman Lake watershed and available aerial photographs, non-residential and commercial land is found primarily in the southern portion of the study area. Of the 4,594 acres in the Boardman Lake Watershed, only 420 acres are upland hardwood, 251 are conifer forest, and 97 acres are wetland and would be considered undeveloped and thereby available for wildlife.

Aquatic Macrophyte Assessment

Thirteen (13) transects, which included a total of thirty-four (34) sampling sites, were sampled for aquatic plants. Eleven (11) different species of submerged and floating leaved aquatic plants, and four species of green algae were identified during the survey (Refer to Table 2). No threatened or endangered aquatic plants were observed in Boardman Lake during this survey. An exotic plant species, Xanthium stromarium (cocklebur), was identified in a disturbed area near the newly constructed boat launch on

11 According to statewide trend analysis from survey data (1996-2002): www.michigan.gov/dnr

33 the north end of Boardman Lake. This was one of two plant species identified during this survey, which have not previously been listed for Grand Traverse County.12 The other plant species not previously listed for Grand Traverse County, Megalodonta beckii (water marigold), a native aquatic plant, was collected at Transect 7. Specimens of both of these plant species were submitted to Edward G. Voss at the University of Michigan Herbarium for verification, and to be archived.

Based on data from the thirteen (13) transects, the littoral zone of Boardman Lake is sparsely to densely vegetated and contains the majority of aquatic plant growth at depths between 2-13 feet. The southern portion of Boardman Lake was more densely vegetated compared to the northern portion. Myriophyllum heterophyllum (milfoil) and Vallisneria canadensis (water celery) were the most commonly observed submerged vascular plant species in Boardman Lake, and both of these species were found growing at more than 50% of the transects (Refer to Table 2). Dense growth of M. heterophyllum was observed at 5 out of 13 transects and was the dominant species on the south end of Boardman Lake between transects 7 and 8. V. americana was dense in much smaller growth areas at 3 out of 13 transects. Other plant species observed include Utricularia vulgaris (bladderwort), Nuphar variegates (yellow pond lily), Elodea Canadensis (elodea), and four species of Potamogeton. The algae observed included Chara, Cladophora, and Spirogyra (Refer to Table 2). Transect 3 was the only transect which had no submerged aquatic vegetation or algae observed along the entire transect from the shore to depths greater that 14 feet. The secchi disk transparency measurements taken at different locations on Boardman Lake ranged from between 12 and 18 feet (transects 10 and 3, respectively). The average surface temperature at the time of sampling was 20 degrees Celsius. Refer to Figure 6 for aquatic macrophyte sampling locations and Figure 7 for macrophyte survey sampling locations for transects 1-12. Please refer to Appendix H for a summary of the field data collected at each sampling site.

12 Voss, E.G. 1996. Michigan Flora, Part III – Dicots Concluded. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. 622 p.

34 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assessment

Benthic scores for the benthic macroinvertebrate survey sites on the Boardman River and tributaries ranged from –6 to 0 (Table 3). The lowest scores was reported for site R2 which is located on the Boardman River upstream of Eighth Street. As indicated in the table this result should be interpreted with caution as Procedure #51 is designed for wadeable streams and the Boardman River is not wadeable at this location. The other survey sites which qualify as wadeable streams scored between –1 to 0, and range from “neutral” to “acceptable tending towards poor,” according to the scoring key. The habitat scores for the wadeable sites ranged from 110-137, which is considered “good” according to Procedure #51. Please refer to Appendix I for a list of benthic organisms observed at each of the Boardman River survey sites.

Benthic macroinvertebrate samples from the Boardman Lake were collected at five of the macrophyte sampling locations (transects 2, 3, 4, 5, and 13) and on the same day during September of 2003. Three sample sites were located on the east side of Boardman Lake and two on its west side (Refer to Figure 6). The majority of the organisms collected during the benthic macroinvertebrate survey of Boardman Lake were zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), a non-native invasive clam. This species accounted for 53-77 percent of the organisms collected at four of the five sampling sites on Boardman Lake. Sample site #3 was the only site where no zebra mussels were observed. However, this site was also the only site where the 100-organism sub-sample could not be collected; a total of six organisms were collected while expending the same sampling effort as at the other sites. A list of benthic macroinvertebrates organisms observed at each of the five sites is provided in Appendix I. Refer to Table 4 for a summary of macrophyte and benthic macroinvertebrate data, and zebra mussel data for sites 2-5.

The sediment grain size analysis conducted at transects 2, 3, 4, 5, and 13 indicate the sediment at sample site 3 and 13 are different from the other three sites. The sediment sample collected at transect 3 had a much lower percentage of fine sediment (4%) and a much higher percentage of gravel (71%). Sample 13 had a large percentage of fines (76%) with little sand or gravel when compared to the other three samples collected. The

35 remaining three samples analyzed (2, 4, and 5) had 21-26% fines, 5-15% gravel, 59-73% sand (Refer to Table 5). Sampling locations for the benthic surveys are provided in Figure 6.

Surface Water Quality Assessment

Surface water from thirteen (13) tributaries, three culverts and storm drains, and the mouth at Grand Traverse Bay were sampled and tested for E. coli, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen. Surface water from two sites on Boardman Lake (Lear Corporation and former Boot Lake Dump) and one from Boardman River (former Keystone Dump) were sampled and tested for total phosphorus and nitrogen only. Surface water from seven culverts and storm drains were sampled and analyzed for total phosphorous only. Four tributaries (TR-1, TR-2, TR-6, and TR-11) and one culvert (C-5) were found to be above MDEQ standards for E. coli colonies per 100 ml water13. TR-11 is the Kid’s Creek tributary entering Boardman River near the Front Street bridge. Given the very high concentration (1203 colonies/100 ml) from C-5, interpretation of the comparison of the values is warranted. No samples were above U.S. EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria for total nitrogen. Six tributaries (TR-1, TR-6, TR-7, TR-8, TR-10, and TR-11), eight culverts (C-5, C-BF, C-6, C-8, C-9, C-11, C-18, and C-SA) and surface water from the mouth of Grand Traverse Bay exceeded the U.S. EPA Nutrient Criteria range of values for total phosphorous. Again, C-5 was very high showing a total phosphorous concentration of 482 ug/L. Refer to Table 6 for analytical results.

Surface water from six culverts, three sites along Boardman Lake and the mouth at Grand Traverse Bay were sampled and analyzed for Michigan 10 metals including, Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Mercury, Selenium, Silver, and Zinc. No sample concentrations exceeded the MDEQ Rule 57 Water Quality Standards for human non-cancer or wildlife values. Only four (4) sample locations came up above the non- detect level, but were still well below the state standards. Surface water sampled at the Lear Corporation (LC) resulted in a barium concentration (0.96 mg/L) exceeding the final

13 These results need to be viewed with caution given that we collected only one (1) sample during a one- day sampling event (see Methods section).

36 chronic value (FCV) (0.781 mg/L) for aquatic life in Boardman Lake as defined by Rule 57. Refer to Table 7 for analytical results for Michigan 10 metals. Please refer to Table 8 for a complete list of surface water assessment sample locations, chemicals analyzed, and other notes and Figure 8 for a surface water assessment map.

Findings and Recommendations

The Boardman Lake watershed was delineated, and determined to comprise 7.2 square miles or 4,953.9 acres. The Boardman Lake watershed, if considered originating at Sabin Dam, is entirely within the City of Traverse City and Garfield Township. The watershed boundary is defined by the flow direction and ultimate discharge location of storm water drains within the City of Traverse City.

A land use survey was completed by a review of historic aerial photographs and the review of MDEQ Part 201, Hazardous and Solid Waste, Leaking Underground Storage Tank, and general county file sites (refer to Appendix G). This list represents a comprehensive review of MDEQ files relating to potential threats to water quality within the Boardman Lake watershed. This evaluation is intended to guide further monitoring, remediation, restoration, and redevelopment within the watershed. Given that these files were evaluated during the summer of 2002, it is recommended that this review be updated prior to any future land use decision-making.

This study indicated a 46 acre or 36% wetland loss in the area of South Airport Road and Boardman River. “Impervious” or paved surfaces within the Boardman Lake watershed were calculated as 24.7 percent. Water quality degradation is known to occur within watersheds within the Midwest U.S. at approximately 10 percent impervious cover. Of the nearly 112 avian species observed from Sabin Dam to South Airport Road, approximately 42 species depend on wetland habitat either for nesting or forage, or both. Herpetological surveys indicate findings consistent with statewide and nationwide trends of a general decline in species occurrence.

37 Eleven (11) macrophyte species were surveyed in Boardman Lake, likely indicative of a moderately diverse aquatic plant community. Nichols (1998) reports the number of different species per lake on a statewide basis for the State of Wisconsin ranged from 1 to 44, with a median value of 13 and an upper quartile value of 20 species.14 The macrophyte survey documents the plant growth zone of Boardman Lake exists at depths between 2 and 14 feet. The littoral zone within Boardman Lake is similar to that found in many inland lakes of the Midwest of the U.S. Secchi disk transparency readings surveyed were in the range of 12 to18 feet in water depth, as would be expected for an area inland lake with good water quality.

No exotic aquatic plant species were observed during this survey of Boardman Lake. This is important to note, given that two heavily used public accesses exist on the lake. Public access sites are often common sources of invasive aquatic plant species.15

The south end of Boardman Lake has very dense plant growth, with Myriophyllum heterophyllum being the dominant species. This plant species provides excellent habitat for small aquatic invertebrates, therefore good fish habitat. Plant growth in the shallow, soft sediments of the south end of the lake should be expected. However, dense plant growth (areas of 70 percent or more plant coverage) was observed across the south end of Boardman Lake. These findings are indicative of high nutrient levels in the surface water and/or sediments. Therefore, it is likely that Boardman Lake is receiving, or has received, high nutrient inputs from the Boardman River upstream from South Airport Road. Surface water tributaries and groundwater are often significant sources of nutrients to lakes. The southern end of Boardman Lake consists of a delta or “alluvial fan,” most likely a collecting sink of sediment and nutrients from the entire upper Boardman River watershed. This upstream portion of the Boardman River has also been extensively dredged, likely historically contributing a large quantity of sediment to Boardman Lake.

14 Nichols, S.A. 1998. Floristic quality assessment of Wisconsin lake plant communities with example applications. Lake and Reservoir Management. 15(2):133-141. 15 Michigan State University. 2000. A citizen’s guide for the identification, mapping and management of the common rooted aquatic plants of Michigan lakes. Department of Fish and Wildlife, Michigan State University.

38 Results from the benthic macroinvertebrate study, and from direct observation, indicate that the macroinvertebrate population of Boardman Lake is largely dominated by the zebra mussel, an invasive exotic species. Although, a variety of different macroinvertebrates were identified at some sites with Boardman Lake, 60-77 percent of the organisms collected were zebra mussels. Sample site R2 (in the same vicinity as sites 70 and 71 of the MDEQ and GLEC sediment studies) received a very low benthic score (-6), and possessed the highest number of zebra mussels than any other site. From the MDEQ 1997 report, river bottom sediment at site 70 (approximately 200 yards downstream from the outfall of the Traverse City Wastewater Treatment Plant) evidenced copper, arsenic, iron, manganese, mercury, and several polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons above U.S. EPA ESLs (or ecological screening levels). At site 71 concentrations of arsenic, copper, manganese, mercury, and several petroleum constituents exceeded the U.S. EPA ESLs.16

Boardman lake sediments collected at five sites included many old shell fragments of various native mollusk species, while few live mollusks (other than the exotic zebra mussel) were found. This suggests that native mollusks are being or have been out- competed by zebra mussels. The only site found without zebra mussels was sample site 3 (see Figure 7). Interestingly, this was also the only site where no macrophyte or algal growth was observed, and very few benthic organisms were found to be present (refer to Table 4). This zone consists of a distinct area roughly 330 feet in radius around site 3.

Further, sediment at site 3 was primarily gravel, in contrast to the other three sample sites which were mostly sand and silts/fines (refer to Table 5). The predominance of gravel at this location could account for the lack of plant and benthic macroinvertebrate species, but does not explain the lack of zebra mussels which tend to prefer hard substrates. Perhaps nutrient levels within sediments are also low in this area, however no plants or other filter-feeding organisms were found within the water column above this area. The sediment in this area also possessed numerous mollusk shell fragments, as was observed

16 This finding should be interpreted with caution given that site R2 is located within a section of the Boardman River that is deeper than the criteria for a wadeable stream found within MDEQ Procedure #51.

39 in other parts of Boardman Lake. These shell fragments could have been deposited by littoral zone currents, or could be the remains of former native mollusk communities. This area of concern is in the vicinity of a former industrial site with heavy metals, solvents, and petroleum constituents in soils known to be above MDEQ residential soil cleanup criteria. Although the gravel substrate and low nutrient levels might explain the lack of organisms observed at site 3, these conditions should be further investigated.

The results of the macroinvertebrate study within the Boardman River and its tributaries document the presence of “satisfactory” to “poor” benthic communities, with corresponding habitat ratings of “good.” No “excellent” macroinvertebrate ratings were found within rivers and streams studied in the Boardman watershed, which might be an expected result from an area draining approximately 7.2 square miles of primarily developed land area. It is noteworthy to compare these stream scores to sites further upstream in the Boardman River watershed sampled by the Grand Traverse Conservation District during June of 2003. According to Grand Traverse Conservation District researchers, the upstream sites scored considerably higher than the sites near Boardman Lake.

The results of surface water quality assessment undertaken as a part of this study indicate nutrient loading, as phosphorous pollution, at six tributaries (unnamed Boardman River tributaries TR-1, TR-6 TR-7, T-8, TR-10 at YMCA, and TR-11 at Kid’s Creek), and eight stormwater outfalls or “culverts” discharging to the Boardman River within the City of Traverse City identified as C-5, C-BF, C-6, C-8, C-9, C-11, C-18, and C-SA at South Airport Road. See Table 6 for locations of coded tributaries and culverts. Surface water analyses indicate moderate bacterial pollution as indicated by E. coli levels at four tributaries (upstream unnamed tributaries TR-1, TR-2, TR-6, and TR-11 at Kid’s Creek), and very high bacteria levels at culvert C-5. C-5 is located within the southeast bank of the Cass Street bridge over the Boardman River near the dam in Traverse City. Heavy metals were analyzed from roof top runoff to the Boardman River in downtown Traverse City, and from surface waters above the groundwater-surface water interface along Boardman Lake near select sites. These results indicate the presence of barium, only, in

40 concentrations of concern in open waters along the Boardman Lake shoreline near the Lear Corporation. Finally, very warm water (96.8 degrees Fahrenheit or 36.0 degrees Celsius) was observed discharging to the lower Boardman River from an outfall (C-44) at the southeast corner of the Cass River bridge near Grandview Parkway.

Recommendations

Based on these findings, it is recommended that:

• Of the total 43 sites of environmental contamination identified within the watershed, 29 sites or 67 percent were determined to currently represent potential threats to Boardman Lake or Boardman River. It is recommended that sites with existing or potential contamination be investigated, remediated, and/or redeveloped in compliance with state and/or federal regulations.

• Historic wetland loss has occurred within the Boardman Lake watershed. It is recommended future wetland loss be avoided, minimized, and effectively mitigated in accordance with state and federal law to protect and enhance the water quality of Boardman Lake and Boardman River.

• Impervious surfaces within the Boardman Lake watershed are currently over 2.5 times the threshold known to result in degraded water quality. It is strongly encouraged that innovative storm water management and land use development practices be implemented within the watershed to protect and enhance water quality.

• Nutrient loading, bacterial contamination, heavy metal concentrations, and/or thermal pollution were documented within five tributaries to Boardman River between Sabin Dam and Boardman Lake, at Kid’s Creek’s outlet to the Boardman River, at seven stormwater culverts along the Boardman River within the City of Traverse City, and within open

41 waters off the Lear Corporation property on Boardman Lake. It is recommended that these locations be further evaluated to determine the source(s) and nature of water quality problems, and encourage the implementation of corrective measures.

• Aesthetic impact has occurred along the banks of Boardman Lake adjacent to the former Boot Lake Dump, and along the Boardman River at the former Keystone dump. It is recommended that these locations be further evaluated to determine the source(s) and nature of water quality problems, and encourage the implementation of corrective measures.

• Land uses/practices should be studied within areas contributing storm water to culverts referred to in this study as C-5 and C-44. The results of these investigations should be addressed by corrective actions (such as animal husbandry, improved catchment maintenance, reduced fertilizer use, elimination of cooling water discharge, increased use of low impact development storm water treatment technologies, etc.). Ongoing education efforts should be initiated to reduce and minimize nutrient loading, bacterial contamination, and thermal pollution to the receiving waters of Boardman River.

• An area lacking plant, animal, and insect life within the “benthic” or bottomland of Boardman Lake (referred to as site 3) was found within an area east of the ends of Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets. This area should be further surveyed and investigated, including historic shoreline land use, to attempt to determine the nature, cause, and extent of this phenomenon.

• Previous studies have documented sediment contamination “hot spots” within Boardman River bottomlands at two locations downstream of the outlet of Boardman Lake (MDEQ Sediment Contamination Survey, 1997,

42 sites 70 and 71). These locations should be further investigated to determine the feasibility of remedial actions, and considered within future land use or river restoration plan, if any.

• Land use planning and regulation within watershed municipalities are encouraged to explore the application of “low impact development” techniques such as roof top treatment, rain gardens and infiltration structures within built areas to manage, minimize, and effectively treat storm water runoff before it enters the waters of Boardman Lake or Boardman River. Great opportunity exists to employ these cost effective, low technology storm water control practices within the watershed.

• Tires, drums, various scrap metal, wooden pallets, bricks/ceramics, and other debris should be removed from the Boardman River adjacent to the former Grand Traverse Auto, Keystone Road dump, former Firestone building, and the southern end (especially southeastern sections) of Boardman Lake.

• An overall education program should be initiated and sustained to promote shoreline buffer retention and replacement, minimize vegetation removal and mowing to the waters edge, eliminate the dumping of grass clippings and/or solid wastes into the waters of Boardman Lake and Boardman River.

43 Table 1. Boardman Lake Watershed Herpetological Survey Species List and Occurances*

Year & Common # Observed Species Name 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total Pseudacris triseriata triseriata Western Chorus Frog 9 7 5 3 12 16 9 61 Pseudacris crucifer crucifer Northern Spring Peeper 38 44 41 39 28 35 29 254 Rana sylvatica Wood Frog 8 7 6 2 0 3 2 28 Hyla versicolor, H. chrysoscelis Gray Tree Frog 16 7 8 13 11 23 14 92 Rana pipiens Northern Leopard Frog 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 5 Bufo americanus americanus Eastern American Toad 6 14 17 13 8 14 10 82 Rana clamitans melanota Green Frog 5 11 12 16 7 6 9 66 Rana catesbeiana Bull Frog 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 Total 83 91 89 87 73 97 73 593

* This is a composite list from approximately 6 routes (and at least 60 stations) in 11 Sections within the Boardman Lake Watershed boundary delineated for this study. Table 2. List of Aquatic Plants Identified During September 2003 Survey of Boardman Lake

Scientific Name Common Name Ecological Location Tolerance (Transect #) Chara spp. (2 different stonewort NTT 6, 8 species observed) Chladophora sp. green algae NTT 12 Spirogyra sp. filamentous green PT 8, 9 algae Elodea canadensis elodea TT 6, 7, 8, 9,13 Megalodonta beckii var. Beck’s water-marigold NTT 7 beckii Myriophyllum heterophyllum variable leaf milfoil 1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12 13 Nuphar variegatus yellow pond lily 1, 10 Potamogeton amplifolius large-leaf pondweed 4, 6, 12, 13 Potamogeton praelongus white-stem pondweed NTT 9 Potamogeton richardsonii clasping-leaf pondweed DT 7 Potamogeton zosterformis flat-stem pondweed NTT collected between 7 & 8 Stuckenia pectinata sago pondweed collected between 7 & 8 Utricularia vulgaris great bladderwort TT 4 Vallisneria americana water celery 1,2,4,5,6,9,11,12 bolded = dense growth PT = Pollution Tolerant DT=Tolerant of Disturbance TT= Turbidity Tolerant, NTT= Not Turbidity Tolerant

Refer to Figure 6 for sample locations.

Table 3. Boardman Lake Watershed Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling, MDEQ Procedure 51 Results from September, 2003

Site # Site Location GPS Coordinates Sample Benthic Habitat Date Score Score R1 Boardman River south of YMCA N44.72384 9/11/03 0 110 near Keystone Road dump W85.61912 property. R2 Boardman River upstream of N44.75890 9/10/03 -6* Not Eight Street W85.61636 Scored R3 Boardman River downstream of N44.76210 9/10/03 -3 111 Union St. @ Hannah Park W85.62494 R4 Miller’s Creek @ Cass Road N44.72281 9/11/03 -3 125 W85.62624 R5 Jack’s Creek @ Cass Road N44.71082 9/11/03 -1 137 W85.62677

Scoring Key Benthic Macroinvertebrates Habitat +5 or greater: excellent >154: excellent +1 to +4: acceptable, tending toward excellent 105 – 154: good 0: acceptable, neutral 56 – 104: marginal -1 to –4: acceptable, tending toward poor <56: poor -5 or lower: poor

*This score should be interpreted with caution. Procedure #51 is designed for wadeable streams and the Boardman River at this location is not wadeable.

Refer to Figure 6 for sample locations.

Table 4. Summary of Macrophyte and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data for Boardman Lake Sample Sites 2-4.

Site # of Different Plant # of Benthic % Zebra Mussels Identification Species Macroinvertebrate Taxa 2 2 (dense growth) 16 60 3 0 4* 0 4 4 (dense growth) 8 77 5 2 (dense growth) 11 69 5 3 (dense growth) 16 52

Table 5. Sediment Grain Size Percentage for Boardman Lake Sediment Samples Collected September/November, 2003

Sediment Grain Size SITE SITE SITE SITE SITE

2 3 4 5 13 fines >0.063 mm 23 4 26 21 76 sand 0.063-0.125 mm 7 1 8 7 8 sand 0.125-0.25 mm 13 3 16 18 10 sand 0.25-0.5 mm 28 11 18 18 5 sand 0.5-2.0 mm 25 10 17 18 1 gravel > 2.0 mm 5 71 15 17 0

* Equal sampling effort was extended but only 6 organisms were found at this site.

Refer to Figure 6 for sample locations. Table 6. Boardman Lake and River Sample Results for E. Coli, Total Phosphorous, and Total Nitrogen.

N-NO2/NO3 TKN E. coli Date Total P Nitrogren Nitrogren (colonies/ Collected Sample ID (ug/L)** (mg/L)^ (mg/L)^^ 100mL)*** TR-1 34.1 0.37 <0.3* 225 7/23/2003 TR-1 34.1 0.37 <0.3* 7/23/2003 TR-2 6.5 1.1 1.6 167 7/23/2003 TR-2 7.7 1.1 7/23/2003 TR-3 9.1 2.2 0.3 24 7/23/2003 TR-4 18.6 0.31 0.34 81 7/23/2003 TR-4a 18.9 0.2 0.38 27 7/23/2003 TR-5 13.6 0.21 <0.3* 61 7/23/2003 TR-5a 15.1 0.35 <0.3* 29 7/23/2003 TR-6 25 0.03 <0.3* 187 7/23/2003 TR-7 21.3 0.9 0.37 54 7/23/2003 TR-7 21 0.9 7/23/2003 TR-7 22.3 0.9 7/23/2003 TR-8 61.8 0.18 0.89 68 7/23/2003 TR=Tributary TR-10 21.2 0.14 0.42 84 7/23/2003 C=Culvert TR-11 21.4 0.6 <0.3* 579 7/23/2003 C-BF=Culvert at Boardman and Front C-5 482 1.9 0.52 1203 7/23/2003 B-M=Boardman Mouth C-44 8.9 0.25 <0.3* 0 7/23/2003 KD=Keystone Road Dump C-BF 21.4 0.25 <0.3* 0 7/23/2003 BL=Boot Lake Dump BM 24 0.5 0.36 65 7/23/2003 LC=Lear Corporation KD 1.9 0.54 0.58 7/23/2003 SA=South Airport at Boardman River BL 7 0.34 0.36 9/18/2003 P=Phosphorous BL 6.5 0.31 9/18/2003 BL 7.6 9/18/2003 LC 8.1 0.34 <0.3* 9/18/2003 LC 0.34 9/18/2003 LC 0.33 9/18/2003 C-6 103 10/3/2003 C-8 142 10/3/2003 C-9 39.8 10/3/2003 C-11 234 10/3/2003 C-18 38.3 10/3/2003 C-51 10/3/2003 SA 56.7 10/3/2003

* Analyte was non-detect ** US EPA Nutrient Criteria range for Boardman River= 0-20 ug/L ^ US EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria Recommendations for surface water in Region 5 and report a range of average values = 0.003-7.33 mg/L ^^ US EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria Recommendations for surface water in Region 5 and report a range of average values = 0.05-3.6 mg/L *** Compared to MDEQ Standards of 130 E.Coli per 100 ml, as a 30 day geometric mean, and a 300 E. Coli per 100ml, as a geometric mean of 3 or more samples taken during the same sampling event. Bold = above relevant water quality standards Refer to Figure 8 for sample locations. Table 7. Boardman Lake and River Sample Results for Michigan 10 Metals as compared to MDEQ Rule 57 Surface Water Quality Values

MI 10 Heavy Sample ID (mg/L) HNV* WV** FCV^ AMV^^ FAV^*^ Metals C-44 BM C-BF KD LC BL C-18 C-39 C-51 SA Non-Drink (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Arsenic ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.003 ND ND ND 0.28 NA 0.15 0.34 0.68 Barium ND ND ND ND 0.96 ND ND ND ND ND 160 NA 0.781 2.23 4.46 Cadmium ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.13 NA 0.0034 0.0077 0.0154 Chromium ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.008 9.4 NA 0.116 0.89 1.78 Copper ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 64 NA 0.0142 0.0225 0.045 Lead ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.19 NA 0.0185 0.164 0.329 Mercury ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.80E-06 1.30E-06 0.0008 0.0014 0.0028 Selenium ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2.7 NA 0.005 0.062 0.12 Silver ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 11 NA 0.00006 0.00054 0.0011 Zinc ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 ND ND 22 NA 0.187 0.185 0.371 Date Collected 7/23/2003 7/23/2003 7/23/2003 7/23/2003 9/18/2003 9/18/2003 10/3/2003 10/3/2003 10/3/2003 10/3/2003

ND = non-detect NA = not available *HNV = Human Non-cancer Value for Rule 57 Surface Water Quality Values, Surface Water Quality Division, MDEQ **WV = Wildlife value only calculated for bioaccumulative chemicals of concern according to MDEQ ^FCV = Final chronic value ^^AMV = Acute maximum value ^*^FAV = Final acute value ***Note: Human Cancer Value (HCV) was not applicable for any of the 10 Michigan Heavy Metals of, concern, therefore was not included in this table. Bold = above relevant water quality standards TR=Tributary C=Culvert C-BF=Culvert at Boardman and Front B-M=Boardman Mouth KD=Keystone Road Dump BL=Boot Lake Dump LC=Lear Corporation SA=South Airport at Boardman River P=Phosphorous Refer to Figure 8 for sample locations and the body of text for further explaination of the MDEQ Rule 57 Water Quality Values Table 8. Boardman River/Lake Surface Water Sample Locations and Analysis

E.coli TKN P MI 10 pH Temp Notes Nitrate/Nitrite Heavy Metals (C) TR-1 TR-1 TR-1 8.0 13.8 TR-2 TR-2 TR-2 TR-3 TR-3 TR-3 8.4 18.2 TR-4 TR-4 TR-4 8.1 18.2 TR-4a TR-4a TR-4a 7.6 16.1 TR-5 TR-5 TR-5 8.1 15.3 TR-5a TR-5a TR-5a 8.3 15.1 TR-6 TR-6 TR-6 7.9 17.2 (2 n. pike fingerlings and 1 sucker obs.) TR-7 TR-7 TR-7 8.3 15.7 TR-8 TR-8 TR-8 7.6 20.2 (Boardman River pH=8.2, Temp=20.0, Sample cloudy) TR-9 TR-9 TR-9 (No sample, oxbow discharging from river, n. pike fingerlings observed) TR-10 TR-10 TR-10 7.6 20.9 (cloudy water discharging, increased plant growth) TR-11 TR-11 TR-11 8.4 17.0 KD KD KD 6.9 15.8 (Significant sulifidic odor while sampling) C-5 C-5 C-5 7.8 21.5 (Sampled from small trickle. Boardman River pH=8.3, Temp=22.0) C-44 C-44 C-44 C-44 8.1 36.0 C-BF C-BF C-BF C-BF 8.3 27.8 BM BM BM BM 8.4 22.3

Samples to be taken during storm event and calm wind day: BL BL BL Sampled 9/18/03 LC LC LC Sampled 9/18/03 C-6 C-6 C-6 Sampled 10/3/03 C-8 C-8 C-8 Sampled 10/3/03 C-9 C-9 C-9 Sampled 10/3/03 C-11 C-11 C-11 Sampled 10/3/03 C-39 Sampled 10/3/03 C-51 C-51 Sampled 10/3/03 SA SA SA Sampled 10/3/03, east culvert south of South Airport Road at Boardman River C-18 C-18 C-18 C-18 Sampled 10/3/03, just upstream of MDNR fish ladder. TR=Tributary C=Culvert C-BF=Culvert at Boardman and Front BM=Boardman Mouth KD=Keystone Road Dump BL=Boot Lake Dump LC=Lear Corporation SA=South Airport at Boardman River P=Phosphorous

Refer to Figure 8 for sample locations. Figure 1. The Boardman Lake Watershed Area

,+31 Traverse City

k e

re

C s

Kid Boardman Lake

,+31

Garfield Township

ek re r C e r ill e M

Riv

n

ma k e rd e r a C s Bo k c a $#37 J

Sabin Pond 0 0.5 1 ek re s C in miles bb Ro Boardman Lake Watershed Area 4,954 Acres

Wetlands d n Po n ma rd G.T. County Natural Education Reserve a Bo F i g u r e

2 .

1 9 6 1

A e r i a l

P h o t o

M o s a i c

0.5 0 0.25 miles S o u r c e :

C i t y o f

T r a v e r s e

C i t y Figure 3. 2003 Digital Orthophoto %

Source: Grand Traverse County

Figure 5a. Impervious Surface Study Analysis - Percent Impervious Surface In Study Cell Areas

55 65 66 67 60 60

55 64 55 90 77 55

55 55 55 64 60 55 55

55 55 55 55 43 56 48 50 40

55 50 55 71 27 0 26 30 30 30 50

40 40 45 45 12 0 26 30 30 30 45

45 45 0 0 30 30 23 23

12 14 11 0 0 43 42 32 28

14 8 0 0 27 42 30 35

15 30 0 30 30 42 24 0

0 30 30 0 35 55 33 27 27

15 45 33 30 35 55 33 50

20 22 28 41 40 34 49 60 50 45

30 22 47 40 35 10 12 50 18 20

40 73 40 36 25 1 5 58 65 9

25 50 95 96 40 31 17 50 0.5 8 70 50

0 38 53 25 19 18 0 12 40 0 8 58

0 0 20 18 9 0 0 0 30 50 0 8 0

0 0 0 6 12 7 8 9 9 28 14 0 9.6 2

0 0 6 11 1 0.5 2.5 5 0 29 30 0 11 8

3 0 5 0 9.7 0 0 0.5 5 0 12 1 2 11 6

4 3 7.5 9.4 4.5 0.6 0 0.5 5 0 10 1 3 12 9 15

0 0 5 10 1 0 0 0.5 5 0 4

9 2 3 0 0 0

35 35

GLEC 12/19/03 Grand Traverse County 2003 DOQ Figure 5b. Impervious Surface Study - Percent Impervious Surface by Percent Range In Study Cell Areas

55 65 66 67 60 60

55 64 55 90 77 55

55 55 55 64 60 55 55

55 55 55 55 43 56 48 50 40

55 50 55 71 27 0 26 30 30 30 50

40 40 45 45 12 0 26 30 30 30 45

45 45 0 0 30 30 23 23 Impervious Surfaces By Percent Range (Count) 12 14 11 0 0 43 42 32 28 Source: 2003 GT County DOQ

43% to 96% (60) 14 8 0 0 27 42 30 35 31% to 43% (27) 11% to 31% (61) 0.6% to 11% (47) 15 30 0 30 30 42 24 0 0% to 0.6% (50) 0 30 30 0 35 55 33 27 27

15 45 33 30 35 55 33 50

20 22 28 41 40 34 49 60 50 45

30 22 47 40 35 10 12 50 18 20

40 73 40 36 25 1 5 58 65 9

25 50 95 96 40 31 17 50 0.5 8 70 50

0 38 53 25 19 18 0 12 40 0 8 58

0 0 20 18 9 0 0 0 30 50 0 8 0

0 0 0 6 12 7 8 9 9 28 14 0 9.6 2

0 0 6 11 1 0.5 2.5 5 0 29 30 0 11 8

3 0 5 0 9.7 0 0 0.5 5 0 12 1 2 11 6

4 3 7.5 9.4 4.5 0.6 0 0.5 5 0 10 1 3 12 9 15

0 0 5 10 1 0 0 0.5 5 0 4

9 2 3 0 0 0

35 35

GLEC 12/19/03 Figure 6. Sampling Site Locations for the Aquatic Macrophyte and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Survey of Boardman Lake - September, 2003

Macrophyte Sam pling Locations

Macroinvertebrate Sam pling Locations

Macrophyte and Macroinvertebrate Sam pling Locations

Boardm an Lake Watershed Boundary $#72

R3 ,+31 Traverse City R2 1 12

k 2 e

re 5

C s

Kid Boardman Lake 3 4 ,+31 10 11 13 9 6

8 7 Garfield Township

ek re R1 er C r ill R4 e M

Riv

n

ma k e e rd r a C s Bo k c a $#37 J R5

Sabin Pond 0 0.5 1 ek re s C in miles bb Ro Figure 7. Sampling Site Locations for Transects 1-12; Macrophyte Survey Data - September, 2003

Submergent Vegetation Dense No vegetation Sparse to Moderate flow

Floating Leaved Aquatic Plants 11dd 11cc 11aa 1122bb Littoral Zone 1122aa 1122cc 0 to 5 foot depth 11bb 1122cc 5 to 10 foot depth 1122dd

Boardman Lake Watershed Boundary 22aa 22bb

Bathymetry in Feet Source: MUCC 1938 Plants and Zebra Mussels Not Present 55aa 55cc 55bb -70

-60 33aa 33bb 44bb 44cc 44bb -50 44aa

1100aa -40 1100bb 1111bb 1111aa

-30 1111cc 1133bb 1133cc 1133cc -20 1133dd 1133aa 66bb 66aa 99bb 66bb 66cc 99aa -10

77 88

-5 00 11,,,000000 22,,,000000 fffeeeettt

flow ASSESSMENT POINT CLASSIFICATIONS Green Symbols Indicate Point Sampled for Study

Tributary

Culvert

Storm Drain Outfall

Special Site

Fig. 8a. Surface Water Assessment Locations Fig. 8b. Detail of Water Assessment Locations - Fig. 8c. Detail of Water Assessment Locations - within the Boardman Lake Watershed Upper Boardman River to Sabin Dam Boardman Lake Area TR8TR8   TR7TR7 LCLC

TR6TR6  KDKD BLBL KeystoneKeystone DumpDump KEYSTONE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE TR5TR5 CASS CASS CASS CASS CASS CASS CASS CASS CASS TR5aTR5a TR5aTR5a SSS SSS SSS SSS AAA AAA CCC CCC

TR4TR4 TR4ATR4A PARK HARTMANHARTMANHARTMAN PARK PARK PARK HARTMANHARTMANHARTMAN PARK PARK PARK PARK HARTMANHARTMANHARTMAN PARK HAMMONDHAMMONDHAMMOND HAMMONDHAMMONDHAMMOND SYBRANTSYBRANTSYBRANT TR3TR3 SYBRANTSYBRANTSYBRANT

SANSAN C1C1 SOUTHSOUTHSOUTH AIRPORT AIRPORTAIRPORT

SASSAS

TR10TR10 TR1TR1

TR2TR2

SABINSABINSABIN DAM DAMDAM BIRMLEYBIRMLEYBIRMLEY

TR9TR9

SABINSABINSABIN POND PONDPOND

GLEC 12/19/03 TR11 TR11 TR11 TR11 TR11 TR11 TR11 TR11 TR11 C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 Figure 8d.BoardmanRiverSamplingLocationsinDowntownTraverseCityArea-July-August2003 C15 C15 C15 C15 C15 C15 C15 C15 C15 C18 C18 C18 C18 C18 C18 C18 C18 C18 C13 C13 C13 C13 C13 C13 C13 C13 C13 C19 C19 C19 C19 C19 C19 C19 C19 C19 C16 C16 C16 C16 C16 C16 C12 C12 C12 C16 C16 C16 C12 C12 C12 C12 C12 C12 SIXTH SIXTH SIXTH SIXTH SIXTH SIXTH SIXTH SIXTH SIXTH C20 C20 C20 C20 C20 C20 C20 C20 C20 C17 C17 C17 C17 C17 C17 C17 C17 C17 SEVENTH SEVENTH SEVENTH SEVENTH SEVENTH SEVENTH SEVENTH SEVENTH SEVENTH C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C21 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C22A C22A C22A C22A C22A C22A C22A C22A C22A C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 SO1 C23 C23 C23 C23 C23 C23 C23 C23 C23 C24 C24 C24 C24 C24 C24 C24 C24 C24 C25 C25 C25 C25 C25 C25 C25 C25 C25 SO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 C26 C26 C26 C26 C26 C26 C26 C26 C26 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C28 C28 C28 C28 C28 C28 C28 C28 C28 C10 C10 C10 C10 C10 C10 C10 C10 C10 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C29 C29 C29 C29 C29 C29 C29 C29 C29 UNIONUNION SO3 SO3 SO3 SO3 SO3 SO3 SO3 SO3 SO3 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C32 C32 C32 C30 C30 C30

C32 C32 C32 C30 C30 C30 FRONT FRONT FRONT C33 C33 C33

C32 C32 C32 C30 C30 C30 FRONT FRONT FRONT C33 C33 C33 FRONT FRONT FRONT C33 C33 C33

G G G

G G G G G G

C7 C7 C7

C7 C7 C7 C7 C7 C7

R R R

R R R R R R

A A A

A A A A A A C31 C31 C31

C31 C31 C31 C34 C34 C34

C31 C31 C31 C34 C34 C34

C34 C34 C34

N N N

N N N N N N

D D D

D D D D D D

V V V

V V V V V V

I I I

I I I

I I I

E E E

E E E

E E C36 C36 C36 E

C36 C36 C36 C36 C36 C36

W W W

W W W W W W C37 C37 C37 C37 C37 C37

C37 C37 C37

C41 C41 C41 C41 C41 C41

C41 C41 C41

L L L

L L L

L L L

P P P

P P P

P P P

A A A

A A A A A A

A A A

A A A

A A A

K K K C38 C38 C38 K K K C38 C38 C38 K K K C38 C38 C38

C35 C35 C35

C35 C35 C35

R R C35 C35 C35 R

R R R

R R R

E E E

E E E E E E

K K K

K K K K K K

W W W

W W W W W W C39 C39 C39 C39 C39 C39 C39 C39 C39

C40 C40 C40

C40 C40 C40

C40 C40 C40

A A A

A A A A A A

C6 C6 C6

C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6

Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y Y C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C42 C42 C42 C5 C5 C5 CASSCASS C42 C42 C42 CASSCASS C42 C42 C42 C44 C44 C44 C44 C44 C44 C44 C44 C44 C45 C45 C45 C45 C45 C45 C45 C45 C45 C59 C59 C59 C59 C59 C59 C46 C46 C46 C59 C59 C59 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 EIGHTH EIGHTH EIGHTH EIGHTH EIGHTH EIGHTH EIGHTH EIGHTH EIGHTH C58 C58 C58 C58 C58 C58 C58 C58 C58 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C48 C48 C48 STATE STATE STATE C48 C48 C48 STATE STATE STATE C48 C48 C48 STATE STATE STATE C49 C49 C49 C49 C49 C49 C49 C49 C49 C51 C51 C51 C51 C51 C51 C50 C50 C50 C60 C60 C60 C51 C51 C51 C50 C50 C50 C60 C60 C60 C50 C50 C50 C60 C60 C60 C52 C52 C52 C52 C52 C52 C52 C52 C52

CCC CCC CCC

555 555 555 C53 C53 C53

C53 C53 C53 777 C53 C53 C53 777 777 C54 C54 C54 C54 C54 C54 C54 C54 C54 WASHINGTON WASHINGTON WASHINGTON WASHINGTON WASHINGTON WASHINGTON WASHINGTON WASHINGTON WASHINGTON C55 C55 C55 C55 C55 C55 C55 C55 C55 C56 C56 C56 C56 C56 C56 C56 C56 C56 C61 C61 C61 C61 C61 C61 PARKPARK C61 C61 C61 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C62 C62 C62 C62 C62 C62 C62 C62 C62 C68 C68 C68 C68 C68 C68 C68 C68 C68 5 500 250 0 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 feet CBF CBF CBF CBF CBF CBF CBF CBF CBF C67 C67 C67 C67 C67 C67 BOARDMANBOARDMAN C67 C67 C67 WEBSTER WEBSTER WEBSTER WEBSTER WEBSTER WEBSTER WEBSTER WEBSTER WEBSTER ASSESSMENT POINTCLASSIFICATIONS  Green SymbolsIndicatePointSampledforStudy C66 C66 C66 C66 C66 C66 C66 C66 C66 Tributary Culvert Storm DrainOutfall WELLINGTONWELLINGTON

WELLINGTONWELLINGTON C64 C64 C64

WELLINGTONWELLINGTON C64 C64 C64 C64 C64 C64 BM BM BM BM BM BM BM BM BM Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth Boardman Mouth APPENDIX A BOARDMAN LAKE WATERSHED LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP Appendix A. Boardman Lake Land Use/Land Cover Land Use -Boardman Lake Watershed

Wetlands Water 2% 7% Level 2 Category Residential 24% Residential Commercial Rangelands Industrial 13% Transportation/Utilities Open/Recreation Cropland

Forest Conifer Commercial Orchards 5% 7% Other Agriculture Forest Hardwood Forest Conifer Forest Hardwood 9% Rangelands

Industrial Water Other Agriculture 20% 3% Wetlands Orchards 2% Transportation/Utilities Cropland 1% 5% Open/Recreation 2%

Acres by Use Residential 1,037.5 Commercial 321.5 Industrial 878 Transportation/Utilities 48.8 N Open/Recreation 98 Cropland 249.8 Orchards 111 Other Agriculture 133.6 Forest Hardwood 420.1 Forest Conifer 251.2 Rangelands 620.1 Water 327.9 Wetlands 96.7

Total Acres 4,593.8 Data: 1990 Grand Traverse County Land Use December 19, 2003 APPENDIX B BOARDMAN RIVER REPORTS

NOTE: Hardcopies of these reports are available at the Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay office.

Please call 231-935-1514 for more information.

BOARDMAN RIVER WATERSHED REPORT September 1991

BOARDMAN RIVER RESTORATION AND PROTECTION PROJECT July 1999

BOARDMAN RIVER NATURAL RIVER PLAN February 1976, Revised March 2002

MDEQ SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION SURVEY REPORT 1997

GLEC SEDIMENT REPORT 2002 APPENDIX C EDR REPORTS

NOTE: Hardcopy of this report is available at the Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay office.

Please call 231-935-1514 for more information.

APPENDIX D MDEQ FOIA LETTER BALLENVIRONMENTALASSOCIATES

October 24, 2002

ATTN: Jan Funkey FOIA Officer Michigan Department of Environmental Quality 1732 M-32 West Gaylord, MI 49735

RE: FOIA request for the following files from ERD, WMD, STD and Baseline Environmental Assessment for Grand Traverse County.

Per the Freedom of Information Act, I would like to request the review of the below files on a tentative date of October 30 and 31, 2002 at 9 a.m. Please let me know if this date will work for your office.

Site Name Site ID# MDEQ Division

Boardman Lake Canning Co 28000002 ERD Front St. Area-Traverse City 28000007 ERD United Technologies Automotive 28000059 ERD Keystone (Barlow Rd) Dump 28000063 WMD Meach Cleaners 28000064 ERD MDOT Boardman Yard 28000071 ERD Randy’s Olde Town Shell 28000088 ERD Cherryland Asphalt 28000113 ERD Former Coal Gassification-Hall St 28000115 ERD Former Mavety Oil 28000163 ERD Crains Fabric Care (Former) 28000193 ERD Traverse City Iron Works 28000201 ERD One Hour Martinizing 28000207 ERD Woodmere Barrels 28000210 ERD Kellogg Wholesale Bld. Supply 00021798 STD Bible Baptist Church 00035077 STD True Fit Tressers 50001203 STD Tower Automotive 00038680 STD Dingeman Advertising 50000494 STD Stromberg Carlson Products 28000072 ERD Forest Lane GW Contamination 28000062 ERD Grand Traverse Road Comm. 28000034 ERD Post Property 28000115 ERD

BALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATES, L.L.C. 232 E. Front St., Suite 7 Traverse City, Michigan 49684 ph: 231.933.8400 fx:231.933.8406 [email protected]

Former Nottke Trucking Baseline Environmental Assessment Traverse City DNR ? STD Boardman West Property Baseline Environmental Assessment US Coast Guard Station ? ERD Flaska Properties Baseline Environmental Assessment Cherry Capital Airport Spills 28000004 ERD No. 1 Cab Co. 28000085 STD Amoco #0188 28000086 STD Aunt Barb’s Day Care 28000087 STD Bill Marsh Crysler 28000167 STD Blarney Castle 8th St 28000100 STD Carpenter Enterprises LTD 28000112 STD Cornillie Peninsula Concrete 28000164 STD Crandall’s Service 28000173 STD Frank Tazak Estate 28000125 STD Grand Traverse Auto 28000131 STD Grand Traverse County Civic Center 28000132 STD Grand Traverse County, Boardman 28000138 STD Juniors Discount Tire 28000189 STD Marathon Oil Co-Randolph 28000105 STD Michigan National Bank 28000043 STD Overhead Door Co. 28000138 STD River Front Plaza 28000161 STD Ron’s Service 28000074 STD Schmuckal Oil Co. 28000079 STD Schamehorn Shell 28000090 STD Tire Factory, Inc. 28000145 STD Twin Bay Freight District 28000092 STD Van Brocklin Shell 28000098 STD Wares Auto Sales 28000162 STD Woodland Oil Total Station 28000078 STD Woodland Oil Shop and Go 28000080 STD Vencle Kauer Trust 28000106 STD

If you have any questions regarding this request please contact me a (231)933-8400 or [email protected]. Thank you.

Sincerely, Ball Environmental Associates, L.L.C.

Natasha Lapinski Biologist/Project Manager

File

BALLENVIRONMENTALASSOCIATES

December 12, 2002

ATTN: Terri Martin FOIA Officer Michigan Department of Environmental Quality 120 W. Chapin St Cadillac, MI 49601

RE: FOIA request for the following files from RRD, WHMD, and SWQD for Grand Traverse County.

Per the Freedom of Information Act, I would like to request the review of the below files on a tentative date of Monday, December 16, 2002. Please include files dating back as far as they go. Please let me know if this date will work for your office.

Site Name Site ID# MDEQ Division

Total Petroleum, Front St. 28000115 ERD/STD Finches Amoco 00034639 ERD/STD Boot Lake (381 File) n/a ERD Boot Lake (unlicensed landfill file) n/a WMD Keystone (Barlow Rd) Dump 28000063 WMD Blarney Castle 00011162 ERD/STD Elmers (Cass Rd.) 00034726 ERD Firestone Building 00012502 ERD/STD Radio Center Building 00040614 ERD/STD Forest Lane GW Contamination 28000062 ERD Traverse City Wastewater Treatment Plant file ERD Traverse City Wastewater Treatment Plant file SWQD

If you have any questions regarding this request please contact me a (231)933-8400 or [email protected]. Thank you.

Sincerely, Ball Environmental Associates, L.L.C.

Natasha Lapinski Biologist/Project Manager

File BALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATES, L.L.C. 232 E. Front St., Suite 7 Traverse City, Michigan 49684 ph: 231.933.8400 fx:231.933.8406 [email protected]

APPENDIX E BOARDMAN LAKE/RIVER AVIAN SPECIES LISTS

NOTE: Hardcopy of this report is available at the Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay office.

Please call 231-935-1514 for more information. APPENDIX F BOARDMAN LAKE/RIVER GPS LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS Boardman River/Lake Tributary, Outfall and Sampling GPS Points

On June 18, 2003 Ball Environmental Associates used Global positioning Systems (GPS) equipment to document the locations of every tributary, culvert, and outfall entering the Boardman River/Lake from Sabin Dam north to the mouth on Grand Traverse Bay. The following are summaries of each GPS location, including code and description.

TR-1 Tributary entering the west side of the river immediately north of Sabin Dam. The substrate consists of sand and gravel bottom.

TR-2 Small, cold, clear and fast moving tributary with a gravel bottom entering the east side of the river immediately north of Sabin Dam.

TR-3 Slow moving tributary on east side of the river approximately 0.5 miles north of Sabin Dam. Substrate consists of a silty bottom.

TR-4 Wide and slow moving tributary enter the river approximately 0.6 miles north of Sabin Dam. Substrate consists of a thick silty bottom.

TR-4a Clear, cold and narrow tributary on east side of river just north of TR-4.

TR-5 Narrow, slow-moving tributary entering the west side of the river approximately 0.7 miles north of Sabin Dam.

KD Keystone Dump. A 55-gallon drum was observed in river approximately 10 feet from shore on the east side. Obvious oxidation/reduction staining was observed along the shore on the sand and rocks representing leachate from the dump.

TR-6 Clear and cold fast moving tributary approximately 6 inches deep entering the west side of river. Located approximately 0.1 miles north of Keystone Dump contamination plume.

TR-7 Clear, cold, deep and fast moving tributary entering the river on the west side at Sabin School.

TR-8 Small, deep and slow moving tributary approximately 4 inches deep and entering the west side of the river along YMCA property. Severe erosion is occurring along the YMCA property shoreline requiring some type of bank stabilization mechanism. Substrate consists of a silt bottom.

TR-9 Slow moving tributary approximately 4 feet wide and 8 inches deep entering the east side of the river across from YMCA property. The substrate consists of a silt/sand bottom.

1 TR-10 Culvert along YMCA property and entering the river on the west side. Tributary is approximately 1 foot deep and the culvert is 36 inches in diameter. Substrate consists of silt/sand bottom. Grass clippings dumped into waterway south of culvert.

SA-S South side of bridge on South Airport Road.

SA-N North side of bridge on South Airport Road.

C-1 A 3-inch culvert on east side of river and on north side of South Airport Road. Significant flow.

C-2 A 24-inch steel with concrete culvert on south side of Eighth Street bridge. From Eighth Street sample with storm event especially spring or early in rain event after a dry period.

C-3 A 12-inch culvert approximately 4 feet above river off parking area at sheriff’s office across from old TC Iron Works property.

C-4 An 18-inch PVC lawn drain tile at the west end of condominiums next to jail and approximately 3.5 feet above the river.

C-5 A 24-inch steel storm drain located east of River’s Edge on the east side of Cass Street.

C-6 An 18-inch concrete storm drain approximately 4 feet above the river on the west side of Cass Street and north of the bridge. Dry at the time of visit. Should be sampled in a storm event only. Bank is hardened with concrete.

C-7 A parking lot culvert of sediment catchment at dam direct discharge to flume (no sample point).

C-8 A 36-inch corrugated steel culvert draining from Union Street south of the bridge immediately west of the dam. Storm event sampling only.

C-9 Two 8-inch culverts (one with staining) in concrete wall approximately 4 feet above the river. Five 3-inch culverts in same area. Dry at the time of the visit. Storm event sampling only.

C-10 A 36-inch corrugated metal culvert from Sixth Street/Union Street. It appears to be very old and rusted and submerged in the river.

SO-1 Stormwater outfall immediately west of Post Office parking lot. Storm water from street/alley.

SO-2 Storm water outfall immediately west of Post Office parking lot. Runoff from street.

2 C-11 A 36-inch corrugated steel culvert located at Park and Sixth Street approximately 3 feet above the river. Storm even sampling only. Observed 3 large sea lampreys in river at this location.

C-12 A storm drain hardened with concrete and with a screen. Evidence of flow during spring and summer 2003, approximately 4 feet above the river and has a concrete flow structure to the river. Located at apartments across from Traverse City State Bank.

C-13 A 12-inch corrugated steel lawn drain tile at apartments across from Traverse City State Bank.

C-14 *First observation of zebra mussels. City-owned, 36-inch corrugated steel, dry culvert on the south side of Front and Wadsworth Streets. Located approximately 2 feet above the river.

C-15 Lawn drain at apartment. One foot above river, 12-inch corrugated steel. Signs of old dump (metal, glass, car parts).

TR-11 Kid’s Creek tributary. Could be relandscaped and utilized as a community asset, such as a park.

C-16 City-owned, new 12-inch corrugated steel outfall at northeast corner of Front at bridge and at TC State Bank building. Approximately 2.5 feet above the river.

C-17 Two 4-inch PVC lawn and roof drain at TC State Bank. Approximately 4 feet above the river and dry.

C-18 A 4-inch wet PVC parking lot drain located at MDNR fish ladder.

C-19 A 12-inch storm water outlet located at MDNR fish ladder building.

C-20 An old 48-inch corrugated steel culvert a half-inch above the river located in the city drains area at the transfer station south to river.

C-21 A new 8-inch PVC roof/lawn drain at north side of TC State Bank building approximately 4 feet above the river and dry.

C-22 A 12-inch and 10 inch old steel drain pipes approximately 1.5 feet above the river and dry. Located on the north side of the river across from J&S Hamburg drain in the Hall Street area.

C-22a A 24-inch city drain at J&S Hamburg next to overflow parking structure to the east.

3 C-23 Old steel 6-inch pipe from former Grand Traverse Auto, source unknown, dry however distinct, strong paint odor exists. Two 55-gallon and two 40-gallon drums were observed in center of river bed. Also observed tires, bottles and other various items.

C-24 Old steel 40-inch and an old ceramic 4 inch located at former Grand Traverse Auto. A 50-gallon drum was observed.

C-25 One new 10-inch block poly corrugated drain, one (1) new 6-inch PVC. Roof drain? Source unknown? Dry at time of visit. One 10-inch at 2 feet above river, one 6- inch at 3.0 feet above river.

C-26 One dry 24-inch catchment at Old Kent Building parking lot.

C-27 Four culverts at Old Kent Building (1 running, 3 dry). Ornate brick work observed in river at river edge from old building façade.

C-28 One 8-inch dry culvert from OKB drive thru? At north side of the river.

C-29 Old 24-inch ceramic beneath Union Street bridge, south side. Also, new 24-inch concrete at southeast corner of bridge behind ski shop, dry 6 feet above river.

C-30 One 4-inch and one 8-inch old steel culvert along north bank from farmer’s market parking lot, dry.

SO-3 Spillway at west side farmer’s market parking

C-31 New 8-inch concrete with metal spillway form farmer’s market parking lot, dry, 2.5 feet above river.

C-32 One old ceramic 6-inch culvert behind former Ray’s Coffee at 3.5 feet above river, one new 8-inch PVC at 6 feet above river, one 8-inch concrete east of foot bridge at 5.5 feet above river.

C-33 One 16-inch concrete culvert in concrete wall at park area behind Andrew Kan at 4 feet above river, dry on south side.

C-34 One 10-inch PVC culvert 4 feet above river at parking area on concrete wall behind Fetish and Shag retail stores.

C-35 One 6-nch concrete culvert in concrete wall 5 feet above river, dry, behind Vintagy in parking lot.

C-36 One 8-nch PVC culvert wet behind Osiris Bead Shop parking lot, 4 feet above river.

C-37 One 6-8-inch concrete culvert in concrete wall immediately south of C-36.

4

C-38 One 18-inch concrete culvert in concrete wall, dry, in parking area behind Captain’s Quarters.

C-39 One 18-inch concrete culvert, running fast, immediately east of C-38.

C-40 One 8-inch PVC, wet behind Mackinac Brewery.

C-41 One 18-inch corrugated metal on north side at farmer’s market parking area, 3.5 feet above river, dry.

C-42 Several 20-inch concrete drains at Cass Street bridge north side of river in southeast corner of farmer’s market parking lot, 2 feet above river, dry.

C-43 Two 24-inch (1 and 3 feet above river) corrugated metal culverts from Front and Cass, south side of Cass bridge, both dry.

C-44 Two 8-inch PVC culverts running fast from roof top of Old NW Bank building, south side of river.

C-45 One 8-inch PVC culvert, dry 4 feet above river behind Nutcracker in concrete wall along alley on south side of river.

C-46 One 10-inch ceramic tile culvert on south side of river, dry, 2 feet above river, from rooftop, behind Cherry Stop in alley.

C-47 One 6-inch ceramic rooftop drain on south side, 3 feet above, dry, behind south side of river behind Toy Harbor in steel barrier.

C-48 One 18-inch concrete culvert, dry, at southeast corner of foot bridge, dry, south side of river, behind Backcountry Outfitters, city stormwater drain.

C-49 One 6-inch ceramic rooftop drain, dry, 2 feet above river.

C-50 One 8-inch ceramic rooftop drain at State Theater in steel wall, dry, 3 feet above river.

C-51 One 6-inch steel culvert, running, from rooftop of Horizon Books.

C-52 One 18-inch ceramic culvert, dry, at Horizon Books, 2 feet above river. Had conversation with Horizon employee, he commented on a sewer/waste odor that occurs each night around 10 pm.

C-53 One 6-inch old steel rooftop drain from former Firestone building, 2 feet above river. A 55-gallon drum and other various garbage observed.

5 C-54 One 4-inch old pipe from former Firestone building, on south side of river, dry, 2 feet above river.

C-55 One 6-inch steel pipe at former Firestone building, dry, near Park Street, 2 feet above river.

C-56 One 18-inch concrete beneath Park Street bridge, south side of river, dry.

C-57 One 12-inch concrete culvert on north side of river from parking lot east of Chamber of Commerce, 2 feet above the river.

C-58 An unknown culvert to river from parking area east of Chamber of Commerce building.

C-59 An unknown culvert to the river from parking area east of Chamber of Commerce.

C-60 One 16-inch concrete culvert from City of Traverse City parking lot, east of foot bridge, and east of Chamber of Commerce building.

C-61 Four drains below Park Street Bridge

C-62 Park Street bridge. Southeast corner at the law offices

C-BF One 36-inch culvert at the base of Boardman Avenue (with Front Street), south side of river, running constantly, already sampled.

C-64 One 24-inch concrete culvert at deck of TC public park, south side of river, between Paesano’s and Real Estate One office (old culvert: on east side)

C-65 Under bridge of Grandview Parkway, 8 drains to river from bridge surface, four on each side.

C-66 One 18-inch steel culvert, 2 feet above the river from Grandview Parkway/M37 Highway.

C-67 One 12-inch, dry, PVC culvert, 1 foot above the river just off public parking lot at the boat launch.

C-68 One 24-inch corrugated steel culvert, 3.0 feet above river, dry.

C-BM One 8-inch steel culvert, 11 feet above the river, off parking area at west end of boat launch.

6 APPENDIX G BOARDMAN LAKE/RIVER CONTAMINATION SITES MAP/DESCRIPTIONS

Appendix G. Boardman Lake/RIver Contamination Sites Map

NREPA Contamination Sites

Boardman Lake Watershed Boundary

"72

31 Traverse City "

k e e r C

s d i K Boardman Lake "31

Garfield Township

ek re C r r e e ll i v M i R

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a

o

B "37 eek Jacks Cr

Sabin Pond 0 0.5 1 ek re C ns miles bi ob R Part 201, NREPA Listed Sites Boardman Lake Watershed Protection Plan December 2003

Key * MDEQ file was deemed incomplete, therefore site location and available file information only are summarized.

** Current site status is “active” meaning the site is uncontrolled and site investigation and/or remediation are on-going. These sites are deemed to represent known or potential threats to the waters of the Boardman Lake watershed.

Stromberg Carlson Products, Inc. **

In December of 1966 Stromberg Carlson Products, Inc. purchased the southern portion of the property from Elsie Thirlby of Thirlby automotive parts. Beginning in 1952 and for a period no later than 1966, Thirlby leased the southern portion of the property to Parsons Corporation. Parsons Corporation manufactured large metal parts for airplanes and helicopters. Thirlby in turn purchased the southern property form Michigan Tractor and Machinery Co. in October of 1952. The Michigan Tractor and Machinery Company purchased the southern property in May 1946 from Ben H. and Frieda Koenig, who had purchased this portion of the property in January of 1946 from Maude and James Smith. From 1970s through mid-1990s metal recreational vehicle accessories were manufactured at the site. In a 1988 MDEQ inspection of the facility the existence of environmental compliance problems at two locations, at a door along the east wall and at an overhead door at the end of an abandoned alley at the northeast central part of the facility. A 1988 complaint prompted the Traverse City Fire Department inspection which included the photographing of drums and small spill areas in two locations at the exterior of the Stromberg Carlson facility. Drums were photographed at the door along the east wall of the building and immediately west of an overhead door at the end of an abandoned alley and east of the former paint room. According to the pictures, the drums were labeled flammable. In 1990 two areas of soil were excavated. One hundred and sixty-six (160) cubic yards of soil were removed, characterized and properly disposed. Soil samples were collected to verify the success of soil removal along the facility’s eastern wall at a door exiting the welding/press room and at a loading area in the midsection of the building at the end of a vacated alley. Soils were reported by the MDEQ to have been impacted at this location due to the improper storage of paint products and/or wastes. Closure soil samples indicated the proper removal of contaminants to within the Michigan Environmental Response Act, Act 307 of 1982, as amended, Type A criteria. Stromberg Carlson Products, Inc. submitted a closure report to the MDEQ in December of 1993 and received a “clean closure” letter related to this location on January 25, 1994 from the MDEQ Cadillac District Quality Review Board. A Baseline Environmental Assessment was submitted to the MDEQ on September 10, 1996 from Lancz Warehouse Storage and on January 11, 2000 from Kerry Lane Development. The current status of the site is contamination from lead, arsenic, barium, silver, iron, selenium, Xylene isomers, and perchlorethylene (PCE) above MDEQ, Part 201, Residential Drinking Water Protection Criteria.

1 Forest Lane Subdivisions

The Forest Lane Subdivision encompasses the area between the Cherryland Mall, Leewall Terrace Mobile Home Park, Gladewood Place and the Forest Lane Subdivision. The site is north of South Airport Road and west of Garfield Road in Traverse City, Michigan. Following the July 1988 report of severe taste and odor problems with water from a residential well at 964 South Forest Lane, local health officials sampled al the residential wells in the area. Most residents in the area were utilizing private water systems with shallow drinking water wells set between 40 and 50 feet. In 1989, Part 201 (formerly known as Act 307) funds were used to complete municipal water extensions to nearly 50 residences. In January of 1991, approximately 30 residential wells were determined by local health officials and the MDEQ to still be contaminated with various purgeable aromatic hydrocarbons. The MDEQ undertook an extensive hydrogeological investigation in the area following the replacement of private wells with connection to municipal supplies, however, the source(s) of groundwater contaminants remain undetermined. The following were identified by the MDEQ as potential sources: the Cherryland Mall, K-Mart, gas stations, auto dealers, a laundromat, and the Jiffy Lube. Four phases of MDEQ remedial investigation failed to identify a source, and monitor well abandonment was completed in 1995. Subsequently, the MDEQ investigation was terminated.

Cone Drive/Textron

Cone Drive/Textron was identified by the MDEQ in 1984 as a site of potential environmental contamination through the Preliminary Assessment of Michigan locations for the inclusion on the federal CERCLIS, pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601, et. seq. Complaints were received by the MDEQ of the presence of petroleum sheen on the Boardman Lake along, proximate or adjacent to the Cone Drive/Textron facility, a former CSX Transportation (formerly Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Yard) maintenance facility and a former Michigan Department of Transportation maintenance facility (known as the MDOT Boardman Yard). Cone Drive/Textron undertook an investigation and installed a groundwater inception trench, with the MDEQ oversight and approval, to prevent the migration of contaminants into Boardman Lake. Additional potentially responsible parties have undertaken investigations determining the presence of arsenic and volatile organic hydrocarbons above state standards for groundwater and soil. Due to the potential for numerous sources of contaminants, the MDEQ undertook hydrogeological investigations including a May 16, 1994 Interim Assessment and an Integrated Assessment Report of September 27, 1994. At the time of this report, all parties were moving cooperatively toward signing an agreement with the State of Michigan to implement site remediation. In 2001, Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council (NMEAC) and the City of Traverse City filed a lawsuit against Cone Drive/Textron for failure and lack of process in cleaning up the contamination that was ultimately ending up in Boardman Lake. In 2002, an Administrative Order by Consent (AOC) was signed by MDEQ and Cone Drive/Textron to implement a remediation plan. Late in 2001 and early 2002, an ozone sparging system was installed by Global Remediation Technologies in an

2 attempt to removed the contaminants from the soil and groundwater along the lake edge and to prevent further movement of contamination into the lake through groundwater. In April of 2002, an amended AOC was issued requiring Cone Drive/Textron to implement the January 2002 Revised Surface Water Interim Response Plan and the January 7, 2002 Pump and Treat Plan in order to cease discharges of venting groundwater to Boardman Lake above Mixing Zone adjusted groundwater-surface water interface (GSI) criteria. Currently, Cone Drive/Textron complied with the requests of NMEAC and the City of Traverse City, and the ozone sparge system/monitoring is ongoing. Currently the pump and treat system has achieved its goals. Negotiations with MDEQ are underway to implement an overall remedial investigation of the up-gradient plume on the property. Lake bottom sediment sampling was conducted in Summer 2003, and analyses determined that sediments were not impacted from the groundwater contamination plumes entry or “venting” into Boardman Lake.

MDOT Boardman Yard **

The MDOT Boardman Yard is comprised of 16.5 acres that were historically used for a number of rail-related operations. Cone Drive/Textron is located to the west of the site, with CSX Transportation (railroad real estate company) located to the east. From a 1992 Hydrogeological Investigation Report the following compounds were found in the soil along the railroad: solvents trichloroethylene (TCE), PCE, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform, dichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride; petroleum constituents benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEXs); polynuclear aromatics (PNAs), anthracene, pyrene, fluorene, perylene, and fluoranthene; and heavy metals arsenic, barium, selenium, and zinc. According to a September 1993 report, the location possessed a coal rail yard and diesel engine repair shop for most of the 20th century. Monitor wells at the site indicated petroleum and chlorinated solvents in the groundwater. The groundwater flow is east-northeasterly toward the Boardman Lake. In 1994, an Inland Lakes and Streams permit was issued by the MDEQ to dredge and install an interception trench to intercept and collect free product. In a 1995 investigation to determine source areas of contamination, two key areas were identified: the diesel locomotive refueling area and the engine repair building. In 1999, a Site Investigation and Remediation Report identified metals and polynuclear aromatics in the surface soil exceeding MDEQ Direct Human Contact criteria on the CSX Transportation property. This led to extensive soil excavation at the site in 2000 and in April 2000 in which MDEQ warranted no further response actions or a Remedial Action Plan, further stating the remaining environmental contamination issues could be addressed in a brownfield redevelopment effort. In August 2000, CSX Transportation sold the property to Boardman Banks, Inc. In September 2001, a Baseline Environmental Assessment was completed by Boardman Banks. Soil samples were collected and found detectible concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polynuclear aromatics, pesticides and metals, while benzene, total xylenes, benzo(a)pyrene, flouranthene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, arsenic and selenium exceeded the Part 201 Generic Residential Cleanup Criteria. Groundwater sampling results indicated aluminum levels above Generic Residential Cleanup Criteria. In October of 2001 with the proposed Lake Ridge Condominium development pending, a Due Care Analysis was conducted and

3 revealed the presence of lead, arsenic and benzo(a)pyrene in the soil at levels exceeding the Part 201 Residential and Commercial I Drinking Water Criteria. Phase I of the Lake Ridge Condominiums have been occupied at the site, and Phase II is under construction at the time of this review.

Meach Cleaners and Laundry, Inc. **

Meach Cleaners is a laundry and dry cleaning service located at 725 East Eighth Street. According to MDEQ files, the site was placed on the Part 201 (the then Part 307 list) February 5, 1991. Groundwater contamination has been documented at this site from two possible sources: an UST system and improper storage; and disposal of dry cleaning solvents. The contaminant of concern is tetrachloroethene. The owner stated that the UST had been removed in approximately 1992 and the contamination is continuing. MDEQ Cadillac District staff have stated that groundwater flow is in a northerly direction, and has been documented to exist as far north as Webster Street. The groundwater plume is migrating north and has reached Grand Traverse Bay (2,100 feet to the north). A request was made December 1993 by the consultant to Meach Cleaners to monitor the plume only, rather than undertake active remediation. In response, a March 22, 1994 MDEQ memo from the Water Division to the Remediation and Redevelopment Division (RRD) stated that this alternative was unacceptable. In 1994, low levels of TCE, bromoform, chloroform, methylene and chloride were detected. Meach Cleaners submitted a closure report with groundwater restrictions. SWQ approved a proposal to allow the groundwater to vent without requiring further monitoring in 1997. A remedial Action Plan was submitted to the MDEQ in 1999 stating the need to rescreen the wells in order to determine approximate depth of the groundwater plume. Ongoing groundwater monitoring continues at the site as of this report.

Coal Gasification Plant **

A former coal gasification plant is located at 145 Hull Street. Groundwater flow is documented to be north towards Grand Traverse Bay. An old creosote pit existed at the rear of the building and former above ground storage tanks (ASTs) are known to have overflowed at the site. An underground storage tank (UST) was installed in approximately 1964 as a portion as a portion of a former coal gasification plant. In 1991, Northern Michigan Diesel Service confirmed a leaking underground storage tank system (LUST) release of diesel fuel and waste oil causing an approximate nine-foot deep groundwater and soil contamination plume consisting of BTEX, cyanide, styrene, phenols, polynuclear aromatics, and creosote. Other potentially responsible parties include, the Candle Factory located at 301 West Grandview Parkway and Red Mill. In 1993, the Candle Factory removed approximately 500 yards of contaminated soil. A Baseline Environmental Assessment (BEA) was conducted for Bazin, Inc. auto repair and maintenance in December 1997. Two to four inches of tar was discovered in Spring 2000 at the Harbor View Development and a twelve (12) foot cistern was removed as a consequence. In December 2001, a closure report was completed for the soils and the groundwater contamination was the only remaining issue. Currently, redevelopment/brownfield funds are being used for the Michigan Mill Park Development

4 Area. A former oil/water separator was found during the demolition of the Bazin Auto facility in preparation for site redevelopment.

Traverse City Canning Company

Traverse City Canning Company is defunct, but the facility remains at 3710 South Cass Road. The facility was a seasonal fruit and vegetable processing and packing operation, that went bankrupt in May 1980. The Traverse City Canning Co. intermittently operated one sewage lagoon and a spray irrigation system to treat organic process wastes discharged under permit to Boardman Lake. The wastewater treatment system of irrigation was implemented on the Northwest Michigan College University Center site along Boardman Lake. The outlet existed above the Eighth Street bridge and often discharged process water at 400 gallons per minute (gpm). In the 1960’s, cherry parts and whole cherries were often documented discharging into Boardman River. In 1964, high levels of fecal coliform were documented in the River and in 1975, a fungus growth and slime was reported on the surface of the Boardman River near the discharge outlet. Groundwater flow at the site is east-northeasterly.

Chef Pierre purchased the facility in 1982, and changed its process to that of cake production - eliminating the need for surface water discharges. The wastewater lagoon was phased out at that time and the sludge was removed. A hydrogeological investigation undertaken in 1983 found waste materials in the aquifer adjacent to and downgradient of the sewage lagoon. The study recommended monitoring but no remediation. In 1991, counsel for Chef Pierre requested the removal of both location from the Part 201 list of sites of environmental contamination, absent the iron precipitation in Boardman Lake. A letter was written by the MDEQ in 1991 in agreement with the proposed delisting. The site remains inactive.

Traverse City Wastewater Treatment Facility

Historically, the Wastewater Treatment Facility has operated according to MDEQ standards. In September, 1998 a spill of ferric chloride solution potentially impacted groundwater and soils. A 4,000-gallon leaking tank was removed and a ground pump was installed to clean up the spill. The solution was detected in the soil to the water table to approximately 10 feet below ground surface.

In 2001 a mercury minimization program was implemented given the detection of the metal in the influent from several industries the facility services. Following the implementation of this program, no mercury was detected in the effluent since 2001. A pretreatment program was also implemented to determine and identify any industrial discharges in the influent. Each year between 1986 and 1990, the wastewater treatment facility had effluent violations with the following reasons cited: 1) high strength industrial wastes entering the system, 2) solids handling deficiencies in the system, 3) various equipment failures, 4) inconsistent process control procedures for biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TSS), and phosphorous. In April 1994, it was determined the Bay Street and Coast Guard Station pumping stations were not

5 meeting the State’s requirements for design and safety. In 1994, polychlorinated byphenols (PCBs) were detected in the influent. This prompted the City of Traverse City to suggest that the MDEQ National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit application address this concern in the future. In 1999 and September 2000, sewer overflow occurred into the Boardman River further causing subsequent beach closings following major rain events. In June 2000, the facility effluent exceeded NPDES permit limit for phosphorous. The possible cause being from a faulty pretreatment influent from Sara Lee Bakery was determined.

According to the City of Traverse City population assessments and future projections, the current treatment plant is operating beyond capacity limit and a new facility is scheduled for construction approximately 4.5 miles upstream from the current site. The new facility assures a decrease loading of Total Suspended Solids, BOD, nitrogen ammonia, and phosphorous to the Boardman River.

In December 2002, the current wastewater treatment facility is operating in compliance with the current MDEQ NPDES permit. During 2002 and 2003 the plant was being upgrade to implement tertiary treatment, beyond state and federal treatment requirements.

Front Street Area **

The Front Street Area site is located at Front and Park Streets along the 300 block of Front Street. At 302 East Front Street, during a sewer replacement project in February 1985, contaminated soil was detected at the water table approximately six feet below ground surface. Subsequent soil and groundwater analysis indicates the presence of gasoline components. In March 1985, the MDEQ requested the potentially responsible parties to develop a work plan to define and resolve the contamination problem. The previous owner of the site continues to refute responsibility. The current owner, Midwest Broadcasting Company, purchased the property from Amoco Oil in 1974, and shortly thereafter removed the UST systems. According to the MDEQ status report dated March 19, 1985, conversations with city officials indicated at least six former gasoline stations and automobile shops existed within a 100-yard radius of the site including: 301 and 302 East Front Street, 314 and 315 East Front Street, 317 East Front Street, and 325 East Front Street. Further, there have been numerous reports of oil seeps into the Boardman River in this area during the 1960s and 1970s. Groundwater flow direction is estimated to be northwest toward Boardman River and Grand Traverse Bay. On May 22, 1985, approximately 58 cubic yards of soil bearing a fuel odor was removed. The excavating company representatives described a fresh fuel oil smell. An excavated area measuring approximately 30 feet by 20 feet was located on the north side of Front Street between Park Street and Boardman Avenue. Correspondence dated May 28, 1985 from the MDEQ, recommended the site be placed on the Part 201 list. The sewer replacement was completed in mid-1985. In July 1991, a complaint was received by the MDEQ regarding an UST system which was removed in 1990 at 311 East Front Street. The complaint stated that the removal resulted in a petroleum odor at the Boardman River. A MDEQ activity report stated that contamination was found in different locations in this area. The MDEQ site compliance file remains open.

6 One Hour Martinizing **

One Hour Martinizing is located at 115 Pine Street and is being operated as a dry cleaning facility. A hydrogeological investigation revealed the presence of PCE contamination in the groundwater at the water table following a release in 2001. Cis-1,2- dichloroethane was detected at 240 ug/L and exceeding the MDEQ Part 201 criteria for Generic Residential Drinking Water Standards. Benzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were also detected above these standards and are believed to be migrating onto One Hour Martinizing property from a former gas station property to the south. According to a report submitted to the MDEQ, very low vertical gradients within groundwater and density differences of compounds indicates no migrating contamination plume exists at this site. A letter from MDEQ, dated September 18, 2002, requests further delineation of the extent of the contamination and remediation of the site and that the current work plan submitted on behalf of One Hour Martinizing is inadequate. The MDEQ site file remains open.

Traverse City Iron Works */**

Traverse City Iron Works was formerly located along the Boardman River, between Eighth Street and Union Street in Traverse City. Historically, the Traverse City Iron Works operated as an iron processing plant. Regular dumping of core/mold sand, slag, and iron cuttings occurred around foundry buildings north of the railroad tracks along the Boardman River. Soil sampling was conducted in 1994 at and beneath old foundry buildings, evidencing elevated levels of heavy metals and polynuclear aromatics. Groundwater flow at the site is documented to be northeasterly toward Boardman River. 1998 soil analysis evidenced heavy metals in concentrations twenty times above MDEQ criteria. Metals within site soils include arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc. Additionally, (bis)1,2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and benzo(b)fluoranthene exceed GSI criteria. In 1998 and as a part of site redevelopment, a slope stabilization/containment wall was installed along the Boardman River’s edge to prevent contamination from entering into the Boardman River. A 1998 hydrogeological investigation report revealed the presence of elevated levels of arsenic, lead, and PNAs in soil and lead in the groundwater. Nine samples of river sediment were also collected and analyzed, documenting elevated levels of arsenic and lead. Response activities included river slope stabilization, UST removal, removal of impacted soil and debris, the further elimination of contamination during site redevelopment, establishing engineering controls of contaminant migration, property deed restrictions, and a monitoring plan. During October of 1999, a site redevelopment work plan was approved by the MDEQ, and site redevelopment was approved with the inclusion of impervious barriers (such as concrete building slabs, asphalt parking areas, curbs and gutters, sidewalks, and clean cover/landscaping). According to a 2002 soil investigation, the following were detected in the soil above MDEQ Part 201, GSI criteria: chromium, mercury, selenium, fluoranthene, and phenanthene. All samples were collected from a proposed storm water infiltration basin location.

7 Cherryland Asphalt **

This facility produces asphalt at 2200 Cass Road. 1989 MDEQ investigations documented that Cherryland Asphalt dumped demolition waste material in adjacent wetlands and uplands between the years of 1980 and 1989. Waste dumped in wetlands along the Boardman River was referred for wetland violation enforcement to the MDEQ Geological and Land Management Division (GLMD). Solid waste, oil, ash, demolition waste, construction waste, cars and buses, drums, USTs, and floor drains to wetlands were discovered by the MDEQ at the site in 1989. A 1993 study of the site was completed by Cherryland Asphalt. Three notice letters from MDEQ were sent to Cherryland Asphalt between 1992 and 1997, requesting a site remediation/action plan for the recognized environmental contamination. Enforcement actions were recommended by the MDEQ in 1998, however no action had taken place at the time of this report.

Crain Fabric Care **

Crain Fabric Care is located on the corner of Park Drive and South Airport Road. In 1991, a leaking 55-gallon drum was excavated at the site, revealing elevated levels of BTEX, PCE and TCE in the groundwater at twenty-three (23) feet below ground surface (b.g.s.), and flowing west-northwesterly. In April 1993, the site owner declared bankruptcy. The petroleum constituent toluene was also detected in the soils at and beneath the former UST. In 1997, trihalomethanes (THMs) were also detected in groundwater. In 2000 PCE was documented in groundwater at the site at 5 to 8 ug/L. During May of 2002, groundwater samples indicated PCE up to 4 ug/L. Groundwater at the site exists at 22 to 24 feet b.g.s., flowing to the northwest. The MDEQ began enforcement actions in July 1997. State costs as of 1997 have totaled nearly $100,000 to replace residential drinking water wells allegedly contaminated by this release.

Lear Corporation**

The Lear Corporation is located at 10010 Woodmere, manufacturing auto and truck parts. In 1924, the property was an electroplating facility known as Setwell Company. Two undescribed waste water lagoons were located along the western side of the Setwell property, periodically receiving untreated waste water. In 1973, the property was purchased by Essex Wire Corporation, and in 1974 United Technologies Automotive (UTA) became the owners and operators of the facility. At the time of purchase by UTA, groundwater downgradient of the lagoons was known to be contaminated with elevated levels of cyanide, nickel, and zinc. In 1989, an incident occurred in which paint waste containing lead and zinc was discovered discharging from beneath the parking lot. Soils within this area was excavated and disposed off-site. To date three contaminated groundwater plumes have been documented on-site, migrating and discharging to Boardman Lake. Groundwater contamination plumes at the site originate from a former catch basin near the rear parking lot, from the lagoon/pit area, and at the southern extent of the property. Low levels of volatile organic compounds including PCE were discovered within the southern groundwater plume. Groundwater flow at the site is documented to be northwest toward Boardman Lake. In June of 1981 the MDEQ

8 discovered a drum containing paint sludge, having contaminated adjacent soil with high levels of heavy metals. During November of 1981, approximately 300 yards of soil was removed in this portion of the Lear property, and all remaining drums were properly disposed. In 1987, MDEQ learned that the waste water lagoons were unlined, and a “holding tank” at the site existed with no bottom. In June of 1988, the MDEQ requested lake sediment and water sampling and analysis. Results of water column sampling within Boardman Lake indicated elevated levels of cyanide, nickel, and zinc in September of 1988. Sediment sampling at that time revealed the presence of elevated levels of chromium. The waste water lagoons were taken “off-line” in 1989. A December 1997 MDEQ inspection found many 55-gallon barrels containing auto parts, assembly wastes (especially paint wastes) present along the facility’s 450-foot frontage along Boardman Lake. In December of 1998, MDEQ undertook soil sampling in the area of discarded drums finding stained soils, oil, metal, rubber gloves, pink dry paint, oil filters, carbon rods, and an undetermined white gypsum-like material. Soil analysis indicated the presence of PNAs, cyanide, lead, nickel, and zinc above GSI criteria. Groundwater analyses indicated the presence of chlorinated compounds at low levels along the waters edge, but with increasing concentrations to depths beneath Boardman Lake. Groundwater contamination along Boardman Lake has not yet been adequately defined, according to the MDEQ. Lear Corporation bought the property in 1999. According to MDEQ records at the time of the purchase, groundwater contamination including TCE, PCE, TEX, arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, cyanide, zinc, and hexavalent chromium was migrating to Boardman Lake. In May of 1999, a groundwater pump and treat/soil vapor extraction cleanup system at the site was determined by the MDEQ not to be working adequately, placing Boardman Lake at environmental risk. At that time TEX concentrations were determined to be high, and EX were found by the MDEQ to exceed calculated surface water mixing zone criteria within Boardman Lake. This finding prompted the MDEQ request for a new remediation treatment system. In September of 2000, soil excavation was undertaken at the lagoon site. In March 2001, Lear was found by the MDEQ to not be liable for soil and groundwater contamination. In April of 2001, Lear Corporation agreed to sample and analyze shallow on-site soils for cyanide. In September of 2001, mercury was determined to be present in groundwater above GSI criteria. Currently groundwater beneath the Lear property exceeds MDEQ GSI criteria for both heavy metals and VOCs, while the soil exceeds Direct Contact criteria for cyanide.

Woodmere Barrels **

Woodmere Barrels is located immediately south of the Lear Corporation on a 24.21 acre parcel, containing 450 feet of frontage along Boardman Lake. The property is currently owned by Melling Tool. In 1952 Ginsberg Auto Body Salvage was the property owner, and operated an auto salvage yard at this location until 1957. Some surface removal was reported in 1964, and the property was then operated as a salvage yard by Melling Tool beginning in 1970. The property was reportedly used for snow disposal by the City of Traverse City during the 1980s. A December 1997 field visit by MDEQ personnel indicated the presence of numerous barrels containing waste in addition to auto parts and assembly waste, especially paint waste. December 1998 MDEQ soil sampling

9 documented soils stained with oils, glues, paints, a white gypsum-like material, barrels, various metal, rubber, oil filters, and carbon rods. Soil sampling and analyses by the MDEQ confirmed the presence of PNAs, cadmium, lead, nickel, and zinc above MDEQ GSI criteria. A possible migration of contamination from the Lear property was suspected. Between 1980 and 2000 arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, selenium, mercury, and zinc were all detected above MDEQ residential soil clean up criteria at the site. Additionally, groundwater evidenced contamination with TCE and PCE at relatively low levels, but above generic residential drinking water criteria. Importantly, solvent concentrations in groundwater were reported to increase with depth, though the vertical extent of groundwater contamination was not defined. Soil removal was reportedly undertaken at the site in June of 2000. Reportedly, additional soil removal and sampling was undertaken by the MDEQ in 2001 along the fence at the northern property boundary with Lear. Phase I and II and Baseline Environmental Assessments were undertaken in July of 2001 by potential purchaser, Traverse City Light and Power. This report indicated the September 2001 discovery of mercury in groundwater at the site above GSI criteria. Recent data within the MDEQ file indicate that additional soil removal was completed in 2002, and that arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, copper, lead, selenium, mercury and zinc exist at the site above MDEQ residential soil criteria. Lastly, most recent groundwater investigation document the presence of TCE, PCE, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc above MDEQ groundwater cleanup criteria. It is noted that hexavalent chromium has not been determined to be absent from the site. The site has been redeveloped into a 110 unit multi-family residential and an 100 unit unassisted senior living center.

Former Keystone Road Dump **

Keystone Road dump is located along Keystone Road approximately one mile south of South Airport Road, within a 100-year floodplain of the Boardman River. Owned by the City of Traverse City, the 27-acre dump was operated as a licensed landfill since 1966. In March 1971, the City of Traverse City was cited by the MDEQ for violations for placing refuse too close to the Boardman River, and for an extensive rodent infestation. In January of 1972 the dump was ordered closed by the MDEQ due to violations of proper daily covering. The MDEQ stated in February of 1974 that the dump had not been properly covered or maintained to prevent leakage to the Boardman River. In February of 1975 the MDEQ notified the City of Traverse City in writing that the Keystone Road Dump was filled to capacity, operating as an unlicensed landfill, and likely polluting the Boardman River. The dump was again ordered closed in March 1975, after additional notification of violations. According to MDEQ correspondence, potential impacts to the Boardman River were identified and groundwater monitor wells were installed between the dump and the river in June of 1984. A hydrogeological investigation conducted in December of 1984 evidenced high levels of sodium, bicarbonates, and chlorides within on-site groundwater monitor well, MW-3. During February of 1992, the MDEQ noted the presence of landfill leachate in an on-site drain with elevated levels of chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and alkalinity as compared to the ambient water chemistry of the Boardman River. In February 1992, increased levels of arsenic, barium, chloride, copper, zinc, mercury, and BTEX were

10 detected in the groundwater, however all were below MDEQ standards. PCE, benzene, and xylenes were also detected in high concentrations. During the summer of 1992, mercury was also detected in the groundwater. In March 1995, zinc was also detected above MDEQ groundwater criteria. Groundwater monitoring ended in 1996, and according to internal MDEQ correspondence, the dump has never been capped or closed with the required post-closure monitoring. In March 1, 1996 the City of Traverse City notified the MDEQ that no environmental investigation or remediation was completed or planned, and the expressed the desire to use the property for recreation. May 13, 2002, iron bacteria were noted by the MDEQ in seeps and springs downgradient of the landfill. Some wetland filling was evident and MDEQ file notes, “several seeps all along entire site, several 100 yards…” While the landfill has never been capped or officially closed, MDEQ waste management staff have recommended listing of the location as a site of environmental contamination, and expressed concern regarding potential nitrate contamination of groundwater from composting practices. In May 2002, the MDEQ considered the site a candidate for escalated enforcement actions.

Former Boot Lake Dump **

The former Boot Lake dump is located south of 2662 Cass Road along Boardman Lake, just beyond Traverse City’s southern limit. The site is a former dump, owned by the City of Traverse City. From 1920 to 1930 the site was a part of the Traverse City Country Club, and was maintained as a part of its golf course. The property was deeded to the City of Traverse City in 1950, and was a city-owned and operated dump site from the 1950s to 1978. Kellogg Wholesale Supply bought the property in 1960. J&A Properties, formerly Kellogg Wholesale Supply recently performed a BEA for two parcels associated with the former dump. Parcel 1 includes two warehouse buildings, and Parcel 2 is comprised of the unregulated landfill. The former dump is documented as being a former lake filled with solid and other wastes. In the 1960s and 1970s, the dump was used for disposal of leaves, rubbish, snow, and waste soil. In the 1960s, potable water at Kellogg Wholesale Supply evidenced contamination. A deeper well was drilled to a depth of approximately 97 to 102 below ground surface, below a clay layer. Subsequently, lead was detected in soil, and silver and zinc were documented in the groundwater. During 2001, a Grand Traverse County plan sparked a discussion regarding the potential of brownfield funding for cleanup and redevelopment. Currently the site is being used by J&A Properties for storage, retail and office space.

Radio Centre of Traverse City, Inc.*

Radio Centre of Traverse City is located at 314 East Front Street, and was a former filling station and a print shop. While a filling station, the site contained 10 former petroleum USTs. Photo development chemicals were subsequently detected in on-site soil. The following chemicals of concern were detected above MDEQ residential generic cleanup soil criteria: naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene, 2-methylnaphthalene, acenapthylene, phenanthrene, benzo(a)anthracene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, silver, mercury, cadmium, chromium, benzene, and fluoranthene. Lead and silver were detected in the groundwater.

11 Radio Centre of Traverse City, Inc. purchased the property in 2000 under a BEA. Groundwater flow has been documented to be directly north to the Boardman River.

Nottke Trucking*

A BEA was conducted at this location documenting the presence of the heavy metals cadmium, total chromium, total lead, and zinc in soil above Part 201 soil leaching to residential drinking water criteria. No further information was available. Site location requires verification.

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

Former Amoco #0188 **

The former Amoco station #0188, is located at 206 South Union Street in Traverse City. In September 1988, a limited soil investigation was conducted. The results from the soil samples collected at the site indicated elevated concentrations of purgeable aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEXs). A confirmed release from UST systems was reported to the MDEQ on December 8, 1988. Upon further investigation it was determined that groundwater had also been impacted by the release from UST systems. Free phase petroleum product was further discovered upon groundwater at and beneath the site and was remediated. Preliminary reports suggest that groundwater flow is west- southwesterly.

Concentrations of BTEXs and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) exist at this location in excess of the MERA Type B soil and groundwater cleanup criteria. The MDEQ suspects that the contaminated groundwater has migrated off-site and is venting into the Boardman River. Consequently, the MDEQ recommended an aggressive approach be undertaken for the definition of the impacted soil and groundwater to prevent any further migration of the groundwater to the surrounding properties and the Boardman River. In 2003 the site was redeveloped for commercial use in accordance with MDEQ regulations and brownfield redevelopment procedures

River Front Plaza

River Front Plaza is located at 315 and 317 East Front Street. This site is also known as contamination area #2 of the Front Street Area. A hydrogeological investigation undertaken in 1989 indicated that hydrocarbon contamination existed at the site. A diesel fuel UST release occurred in 1992. According to MDEQ reports, impacted soil was excavated in 1993. According to a report to MDEQ in 1994, groundwater containing polynuclear aromatics, BTEX constituents and dissolved lead is not migrating from the site above Residential GSI levels in accordance with Act 307 Type B Default GSI Criteria. Groundwater flow is to the northeast. Six USTs were removed from the ground following the release the site was officially closed in 1994.

12 Ware’s Auto Sales

Ware’s Auto Sales is located at 720 East Eighth Street. In 1991 six UST systems were located during an environmental site assessment at this location. A confirmed release was reported to the Michigan State Police/Fire Marshall Division (MSP/FMD) upon the removal of a 5,000-gallon unleaded gasoline UST in front of Ware’s Auto Sale office. Subsequent hydrogeological investigations indicated the presence of lead in the soils at the site’s former auto body shop, however potential groundwater contamination was determined not to be present. Soil removal occurred at the site and currently unrestricted residential use has been approved by MDEQ following site closure in 1995.

Aunt Barb’s Day Care **

Aunt Barb’s is located at 601 East Eighth Street, and is currently operated as a day care/learning center facility. From 1962 to 1982 the property was leased by Murphy Oil USA, Inc. and operated as a retail gasoline and automobile service station known as Murphy Oil Station #1563. UST systems have reportedly not been in operation at this facility since 1982 and have been removed. Following a September 1990 complaint at the day care of stained soils, a hydrogeological investigation was undertaken at this location and it was determined that regulated substances exist below state standards within soils at this location, but BTEX concentrations exist in the groundwater above the MDEQ criteria. Groundwater flow has been determined to be in the northeasterly direction. An audit of the project by the MDEQ has requested the installation of additional groundwater monitoring wells to determine the extent of off-site migration of contaminants. In 1995, this work was proposed to the MDEQ, and owner/operators were awaiting work plan review and approval. On June 21, 1994, a Consent Decree and Agreement was signed by all potentially responsible parties and to undertake a cleanup in accordance with state regulations. Currently the groundwater monitoring continues, and the facility has not been approved for closure.

Tower Automotive*

Tower Automotive is located at 1677 Park Drive, and has operated as a general automotive repair facility. According to a 2000 Soil Investigation Report, PCE and petroleum constituents above Part 201 soil leaching to residential drinking water criteria were detected in the soils following a 2000 overflow of an UST. All stained soils were excavated and backfilled. According to a MDEQ report, the site was approved for closure August 18, 2000.

No. 1 Cab Company **

The No. 1 Cab Company, formerly Cherry Capital Cab, is located at 747 East Eighth Street. In 1956, the site converted from residential to the Rengo Brothers Gas Station and Car Wash. On April 27, 1987 four UST systems, owned by Blarney Castle Oil Company, were removed from the site. The UST systems were comprised of a 12,000- gallon and three 4,000-gallon tanks containing gasoline. Historically, the No. 1 Cab

13 Company property was occupied by a car wash and a Phillip’s 66 gasoline retail and automobile service station. In response to citizen complaints concerning the site, on March 22, 1991 the MDEQ requested further site investigation. Blarney Castle Oil Company began hydrogeological investigation, however additional work was requested by the MDEQ. The MDEQ requested an update of project activities by April of 1995, or else the state threatened to undertake enforcement actions. Groundwater is known to exist at approximately twenty-six (26) feet below ground surface. Soil and groundwater investigations in 1999 revealed the presence of BTEX, naphthalene, and lead in the soil and groundwater. A BEA was completed on the property in December 1999, and affirmed by the MDEQ in April 2000. Contamination at the site has not been addressed or defined satisfactorily. Only UST and contaminated soil source removal have been undertaken to date at the site.

Randy’s Old Towne Service **

Randy’s Old Town Service Station is located at the southeast corner of Union Street and Eighth Street in Traverse City. Groundwater from the site is documented to migrate to the north. A gasoline spill occurred at the site in 1983 and was cleaned up. In 1990, a 130 gallon gasoline spill occurred, sending gasoline north along Union Street. BTEX constituents have been documented to exist in the soil. Approximately 120 yards of contaminated soil was removed at three locations to attempt to remediate the site in November 1990.

Overhead Door

Overhead Door is located at 530 Wellington Street. A 1995 leaking UST revealed the presence of BTEX constituents in the groundwater. A BTEX contaminated groundwater plume extends onto to Wellington Street. Soil excavation activities occurred and the site was closed in 1995.

Cornille Concrete (formerly Peninsula Corporation) **

Cornille Concrete is located at 2900 Cass Road. Releases were confirmed from five USTs in 1991, releasing waste oil, diesel, and gasoline. Soil excavation occurred for approximately 300 yards of soil removed. Groundwater was documented to flow to the northeast. The groundwater plume was known to be impacted with TEX and PNAs, below MDEQ cleanup criteria at the time. However, benzene was detected in groundwater above MDEQ criteria. A 1995 closure report was submitted, however no official closure occurred by MDEQ.

Jr. Discount Tire

Jr. Discount Tire is located at 602 East Eighth Street. A gasoline UST release occurred in 1992, and remedial investigations were undertaken in January and April of 1993. Non- detect levels of BTEX, PNAs, and lead were documented. The site was closed in 1994.

14 Kellogg Wholesale Building Supply

Kellogg Wholesale Building Supply is located at 2662 Cass Road. In 1990 a release of diesel fuel occurred at this site followed by subsequent UST removal and approximately 100 yards of soil. Soil sampling indicated the presence of PNAs and BTEX constituents. A work plan was submitted by the responsible party, and the MDEQ file was officially closed in 1991.

Grand Traverse County Governmental Center

This site exists at 400 Boardman Avenue in Traverse City, and was the site of a diesel release from a 5,000-gallon UST in 1992. Following soil sampling, PNAs were detected in the soil, and subsequent soil and UST removal occurred. The site was officially closed in 1993, according to MDEQ records.

Carpenter Enterprises #2

Carpenter Enterprises #2 is located at Hartman Circle in Traverse City. A 1992 release from two USTs was reported during UST removal. Elevated levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons were documented in both the soil and groundwater. A soil and groundwater verification report was submitted in 2000, stating that cleanup at the site was complete. The MDEQ site file was closed in February of 2001.

VanBroklin Shell/Schmukal Oil **

This site is located on Woodmere Avenue in the City of Traverse City. A 1991 release of gasoline was confirmed at the site from a 4,000-gallon UST. Groundwater flow at this location was documented to be to the northwest. BTEX was detected in the groundwater, however below the Part 201 residential criteria at the time. In 1996 a proposed closure report was denied by MDEQ. In 2000, free product was discovered at the site, and a soil vapor extraction remediation system was installed. In June 2002, a Free Product Recovery Status Report was submitted to MDEQ. No further correspondence was contained within the MDEQ file at the time of this report. The site file remains active.

Vencle Kauek Trust

Vencle Kauek Trust is located at 101 West Grandview Parkway in Traverse City. Soil sampling during 1991 documented soil contamination with PNAs above MDEQ criteria. Approximately 25 yards of impacted soil was removed in 1995, and on-site groundwater recovery and treatment was completed using pumping and treatment with carbon adsorption. Six USTs were removed, and the file was closed in 1997.

Twin Bay Freight Distributors **

Twin Bay Freight Distributor is located on Hartman Circle. A confirmed release from two 1,100-gasoline USTs occurred in 1990. BTEX constituents were detected above Part

15 201 generic criteria for soil and groundwater. According to MDEQ records, no closure report was submitted, and the last correspondence was in March 1996. The site file remains open.

Tire Factory **

The Tire Factory is located at 1100 South Garfield in Traverse City. A release was confirmed from an UST system in 1991, and sampling indicated BTEX contamination in groundwater at the site. An In-situ bioremediation system was installed and operated to cleanup soil and groundwater at the site. During 1996, the MDEQ requested a closure report from the owner of property. Currently the Tire Factory is trying to reach an agreement with its insurance company over remediation and investigation costs. The MDEQ file remains open.

Woodland Oil **

Woodland Oil is located at 501 East Eighth Street in Traverse City. Three gasoline USTs were removed from the site in March 2001. Groundwater is documented at 15 feet b.g.s., and flowing to the northeast. A contaminated groundwater plume exists flowing to Washington Street, containing BTEXM, trimethylbenzenes, lead, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. The MDEQ file remains open.

Grand Traverse Auto **

Grand Traverse Auto was historically located along Front Street between Pine and Union Streets in downtown Traverse City. A confirmed release from an UST containing waste oil occurred in December 1992, as indicated by the presence of a waste oil sheen on the Boardman River. In September of 1996, groundwater contamination with BTEX and lead was determined to exist in a plume flowing to the Boardman River, and a mixing zone determination was completed. In June of 1997, according to MDEQ records, land use restrictions were placed on the site, and monitoring is ongoing.

Ron’s Service **

Ron’s Service Station was located at 1114 South Union Street, currently the location of a Crystal Flash gas station. A release was discovered in the early 1990s contaminating the groundwater and soil with TEX, trimethylbenzenes, and naphthalene. Groundwater flow is documented to be west-northwesterly. Free product was discovered at twenty-four (24) feet b.g.s, and soil was removed to a depth of 22-24 feet. Recovery wells for free product and a granular activated carbon treatment system were installed to treat contaminated groundwater before discharge to an onsite drainfield. Cite cleanup was ongoing at the time of this report.

16 Eighth Street Blarney Castle **

Blarney Castle is located on 444 Eighth Street, at the intersection of Eighth and Wellington Streets. In June of 1999, a groundwater contamination plume containing BTEX constituents was documented to be migrating north-northeasterly, and is known to extend to Webster Street. Groundwater is at 12 feet b.g.s. The MDEQ file remains open.

Crandall’s Service **

Crandall’s Service Station site was located on the corner of Union and Eighth Streets. An August 1991 gasoline spill was discovered, and a confirmed release waste oil and gasoline occurred in April 1992. Soils were documented to be contaminated with TEX, lead, and PCBs. Groundwater flow was documented to be to the northeast towards the Boardman River. A surface water mixing zone determination was requested in September of 1996. Limited closure status was approved following a restrictive covenant and a City of Traverse City ordinance in January of 2002. A May 2002 MDEQ audit states that the extent of groundwater and soil contamination remain undefined, and more groundwater investigation was expected during for the summer of 2002. The MDEQ file remains open, but site closure is believed to be imminent.

Schmukal Oil Bulk Plant **

Schmukal Oil Bulk Plant is located at 1516 Barlow Street in Traverse City. Groundwater is documented at 30 feet b.g.s., and flowing northwest to west. Gasoline and diesel UST released were reported in June of 1990. Groundwater contamination includes Xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, 2-methylnaphthalene, and naphthalene. Free product was detected at the site in 1992, and was cleaned up during 1996. According to MDEQ records, the extent of the groundwater contamination plume has not need adequately defined. Free product was rediscovered in June 2001. The MDEQ site file remains open.

Tezak Trust

The Tezak Trust is located at 1026 Hannah Street in Traverse City. A LUST was reported to the MDEQ in 1991 due to the documentation of soil contamination above MDEQ criteria for BTEX and lead. Groundwater flow was documented to be to the northwest. Corrective actions were taken, and were completed in 1993. Following a May 1994 MDEQ audit, the site was removed form the Part 201 list, and site closure was approved by the MDEQ.

17 APPENDIX H AQUATIC MACROPHYTE SURVEY DATA SUMMARY

NOTE: Hardcopy of this report is available at the Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay office.

Please call 231-935-1514 for more information. APPENDIX I BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SURVEY DATA SUMMARY

Macroinvertebrate Samples Sample Date 9/8/2003 9/8/2003 9/8/2003 9/8/2003 11/5/2003 Boardman Lake Sites Squares in sample 40 40 40 40 40 Collected September 2003 squares sorted for sub-sample 23 40 23 14 14 with dredge Sample I.D. #2 #3 #4 #5 #13 Class Order Family Genus/Species Oligochaeta Tubificida Tubficidae Immatures w/o hair chaetae 2 1 4 1 Oligochaeta Tubificida Tubificidae Immatures with hair chaetae 2 Oligochaeta Tubificida Tubificidae fragments (1) (1) Crustacea Amphipoda Gammaridae Crangonyx 6 2 14 4 Crustacea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus 2 Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca 1 5 Crustacea Isopoda Asellidae Caecidotea 3 4 2 5 Crustacea Isopoda Asellidae Lirceus 1 Gastropoda Limnophila Ancylidae unid. genus 1 Gastropoda Mesogastropoda Pleuroceridae unid. genus 1 Pelycopoda Veneroida Dreissenidae Dreissena polymorpha 59 77 73 53 Pelycopoda Veneroida Sphaeriidae Pisidium 1 1 Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Stenonema femoratum 1 Insecta Megaloptera Sialidae Sialis 1 2 Insecta Trichoptera Phryganeidae Agrypnia 1 Insecta Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Cernotina 1 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Apedilum 1 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Chironomus 11 1611 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Clinotanypus 3 6 2 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Dicrotendipes 2 1 3 18 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Einfeldia 1 4 2 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Orthocladinae (pupa) 1 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Paracladopelma 2 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Paratanytarsus 4 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Polypedilum 1 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Procladius 21211 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Psectrocladius 2 1 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Tribelos 1

Total 99 6 100 106 102

Page 1 of 1 Macroinvertebrate Samples Boardman River Watershed (River sites) Collected September 2003 using R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 MDEQ Procedure 51 9/11/2003 9/10/2003 9/10/2003 9/11/2003 9/11/2003 Class Order Family Turbellaria unknown unknown 1 3381 Oligochaeta unknown unknown 3 1 Hirudinea unknown unknown 4 1 Crustacea Amphipoda unknown 28 23 5 33 29 Crustacea Isopoda unknown 2 8 6 4 13 Crustacea Decopoda unknown 1 Gastropoda Limnophila Physidae 1 Gastropoda Limnophila Planorbidae 1 Gastropoda Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae 3 Pelycopoda Veneroida Dreissenidae 132 3 Pelycopoda Veneroida Sphaeriidae 4 Insecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae 22 31 20 Insecta Ephemeroptera Baetiscidae 1 Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae 2 1 Insecta Odonata Calopterygidae 5 1 Insecta Odonata Coenagrionidae 6 Insecta Odonata Aeshnidae 1 Insecta Plecoptera Capniidae 1 Insecta Plecoptera Nemouridae 3 Insecta Plecoptera Perlodiade 4 Insecta Hemiptera Corixidae 10 Insecta Hemiptera Gerridae 2 2 5 Insecta Hemiptera Veliidae 1 3 1 Insecta Megaloptera Corydalidae 5 Insecta Megaloptera Sialidae 1 Insecta Trichoptera Brachycentridae 1 Insecta Trichoptera Glossosomatidae 2 Insecta Trichoptera Helicopsychidae 1 Insecta Trichoptera Hydropsychidae 1 26 2 3 Insecta Trichoptera Limnephilidae 1 Insecta Trichoptera Philopotamidae 9 Insecta Trichoptera Rhyacophilidae 3 Insecta Trichoptera Uenoidae 17 Insecta Coleoptera Dytiscidae 2 Insecta Diptera Chironomidae 4 8 18 5 21 Insecta Diptera Dixidae 2 Insecta Diptera Simuliidae 23 20 2 Insecta Diptera Tipulidae 2

Total 104 202 113 101 102

Note: Sample R2 was clearly dominated by zebra mussels. Effort was extended to collect other organisms present at the site even after 100 organisms had been obtained.

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