DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Survey of the Caribbean 2020 Facing the Challenge of COVID-19

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic Survey of the Caribbean 2020 Facing the Challenge of COVID-19 ISSN 1728-5445 SERIES STUDIES AND PERSPECTIVES 99 ECLAC SUBREGIONAL HEADQUARTERS FOR THE CARIBBEAN Economic Survey of the Caribbean 2020 Facing the challenge of COVID-19 Dillon Alleyne Sheldon McLean Michael Hendrickson Hidenobu Tokuda Machel Pantin Nyasha Skerrette Keron Victor Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/publications ublicaciones www.cepal.org/apps 99 Economic Survey of the Caribbean 2020 Facing the challenge of COVID-19 Dillon Alleyne Sheldon McLean Michael Hendrickson Hidenobu Tokuda Machel Pantin Nyasha Skerrette Keron Victor This document was prepared by Dillon Alleyne, Deputy Chief; Sheldon McLean, Coordinator of the Economic Development Unit; Michael Hendrickson, Economic Affairs Officer; Hidenobu Tokuda, Associate Economic Affairs Officer; Machel Pantin and Nyasha Skerrette, Economic Affairs Assistants; and Keron Victor, consultant with the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) subregional headquarters for the Caribbean. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations publication ISSN: 1728-5445 (electronic version) ISSN: 1727-9917 (print version) LC/TS.2021/1 LC/CAR/TS.2021/1 Distribution: L Copyright © United Nations, 2021 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.20-00888 This publication should be cited as: D. Alleyne and others, “Economic Survey of the Caribbean 2020: facing the challenge of COVID-19”, Studies and Perspectives series-ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean, No. 99 (LC/TS.2021/1- LC/CAR/TS.2021/1), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), 2021. Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Documents and Publications Division, [email protected]. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. ECLAC - Studies and Perspectives series-The Caribbean No. 99 Economic Survey of the Caribbean... 3 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 5 I. Global and subregional performance ........................................................................................ 7 A. Global analysis and performance ......................................................................................... 7 B. Caribbean growth performance and prospects ....................................................................8 C. Unemployment ................................................................................................................. 10 II. Fiscal and debt performance ................................................................................................... 11 A. Fiscal ................................................................................................................................. 11 B. Debt .................................................................................................................................. 12 C. Debt Service Payments ..................................................................................................... 13 III. Monetary Policy ....................................................................................................................... 15 A. Interest Rates .................................................................................................................... 15 B. Money supply and credit ................................................................................................... 17 C. Inflation ............................................................................................................................. 18 IV. External sector developments ................................................................................................ 21 A. Tourism arrivals ................................................................................................................. 21 B. Current account ................................................................................................................ 23 C. Foreign direct investment ................................................................................................. 24 V. COVID-19 focus ........................................................................................................................ 27 A. Lockdown measures .......................................................................................................... 27 B. Tourism impacts ................................................................................................................ 28 C. Energy impacts ................................................................................................................. 30 VI. Conclusion................................................................................................................................ 33 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 35 ECLAC - Studies and Perspectives series-The Caribbean No. 99 Economic Survey of the Caribbean... 4 Annex ................................................................................................................................................. 37 Annex 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 38 Studies and Perspectives-The Caribbean Series: issues published. ...................................................... 71 Tables Table 1 Global economic performance and prospects, 2018-2020 ...........................................8 Table 2 Caribbean GDP growth rates, 2019-2020 .................................................................... 9 Table 3 Fiscal balances 2014- 2019 ........................................................................................ 12 Table 4 Debt service payment ratios for the Caribbean .......................................................... 14 Table 5 Monetary aggregates and domestic credit to the private and public sector, 2018-2019 ..................................................................................... 17 Table 6 Summary of the COVID-19 impact on the energy sector ........................................... 31 Figures Figure 1 Unemployment rates, 2014-2019 .............................................................................. 10 Figure 2 Total public debt, 2019 ............................................................................................. 13 Figure 3 Lending rate and deposit rate 2019 ........................................................................... 16 Figure 4 Caribbean Inflation rates , 2014-2019 ........................................................................ 19 Figure 5 Year-on-year growth in tourism stay-over arrivals, 2019-2020................................... 22 Figure 6 Year-on-year growth in cruise ship arrivals, 2019-2020 .............................................. 22 Figure 7 Current account balance, 2019 .................................................................................. 24 Figure 8 Foreign Direct Investment, 2019 ................................................................................ 25 Figure 9 Government response stringency index in the Caribbean, 13 March to 30 September 2020 ................................................................................ 28 Figure 10 Loss of direct GDP growth .........................................................................................29 Figure 11 Stayover and cruise tourism expenditure losses by economy, 2020 ........................... 30 ECLAC - Studies and Perspectives series-The Caribbean No. 99 Economic Survey of the Caribbean... 5 Abstract This survey examines the economic performance of economies of the Caribbean in 2019 and the first half of 2020 and comprises six chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of global, regional and subregional economic performance in the Caribbean. The second provides an analysis of the subregion’s fiscal performance and debt burden. The third looks at monetary policy and their imapcts. The fourth is focused on the external sector. The fifth chapter focuses on the COVID-19 lockdown measures implemented globally as well as in Caribbean countries and their impact on the tourism and energy sectors, while the sixth chapter concludes. The annex includes individual country briefs which give an overview of the economic situation for the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and a subregional assessment of the countries of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. ECLAC - Studies and Perspectives series-The Caribbean No. 99 Economic Survey of the Caribbean... 7 I. Global and subregional performance A. Global analysis and performance In 2019 global economic growth was 2.9% (see table 1) and it represented
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean
    Integrated Country Strategy Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean FOR PUBLIC RELEASE FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Table of Contents 1. Chief of Mission Priorities ................................................................................................................ 2 2. Mission Strategic Framework .......................................................................................................... 3 3. Mission Goals and Objectives .......................................................................................................... 5 4. Management Objectives ................................................................................................................ 11 FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Approved: August 15, 2018 1 FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 1. Chief of Mission Priorities Our Mission is accredited bilaterally to seven Eastern Caribbean (EC) island nations (Antigua and Barbuda; Barbados; Dominica; Grenada; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; and St. Vincent and the Grenadines) and to the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). All are English- speaking parliamentary democracies with stable political systems. All of the countries are also Small Island Developing States. The U.S. has close ties with these governments. They presently suffer from inherently weak economies, dependent on tourism, serious challenges from transnational crime, and a constant threat from natural disasters. For these reasons, our engagement focuses on these strategic challenges: Safety, Security, and Accountability for American Citizens and Interests Energy
    [Show full text]
  • Caribbean Regional
    WORKING DOCUMENT SERIES CARIBBEAN REGIONAL GENERAL WORKING DOCUMENT 83 A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE ON INCOME DISTRIDUTION AND THE FULFILLMENT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION* *Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Is., Cayman Is., Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis- (Anguilla), St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Turks & Caicos Is. Clarence Zuvekas , Jr . Sector Analysis Internalization Group Office of International Cooperation and Development U.S. Department of Agriculture September 1978 i 3 Rural Development Division Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean Agency for International Development BESTAVAILABLE COPY WORKING DOCUMENT SERIES: CARIBBEAN REGION GENERAL WORKING DOCUMENT i\3 A SURVEY OF THE LITERATLTRE ON INCOME DISTRI13UTION AM> THE FULFILLMENT OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION* *Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Is. , Cayman Is., Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis- (Anguilla), St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Turks & Caicos Is. Clarence Zuvekas , Jr . Sector Analysis Internalization Group Office of International Cooperation and Development U.S. Department of Agriculture September 1978 i I This document does not bear the approval (nor imply such) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the United States Agency i for lnternationai Development, or any of j tneir offices. In view of its nacure as I G workiag paper, it should not be quoted I w!~hoci?erm;ssion of the originating O.:; -CZ. ,I; Any coinments wo"id be appreci- : L:2~, 6.;~can De addressed to the author , 6c: I 4112 ndditors Buiiding I I 14x1 & Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20250 BEST AVA MBLE COPY PREFACE Most of the data discussed in this survey were reviewed in an earlier document (Zuvekas 1978b) which presented a "profile" of small farmers in the Caribbean Region *I but was not intended to provide much interpretation or analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Guyana: an Overview
    Updated March 10, 2020 Guyana: An Overview Located on the north coast of South America, English- system from independence until the early 1990s; the party speaking Guyana has characteristics common of a traditionally has had an Afro-Guyanese base of support. In Caribbean nation because of its British colonial heritage— contrast, the AFC identifies as a multiracial party. the country achieved independence from Britain in 1966. Guyana participates in Caribbean regional organizations The opposition People’s Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C), and forums, and its capital of Georgetown serves as led by former President Bharrat Jagdeo (1999-2011), has 32 headquarters for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), a seats in the National Assembly. Traditionally supported by regional integration organization. Indo-Guyanese, the PPP/C governed Guyana from 1992 until its defeat in the 2015 elections. Current congressional interest in Guyana is focused on the conduct of the March 2, 2020, elections. Some Members of Congress have expressed deep concern about allegations of Guyana at a Glance potential electoral fraud and have called on the Guyana Population: 782,000 (2018, IMF est.) Elections Commission (GECOM) to not declare a winner Ethnic groups: Indo-Guyanese, or those of East Indian until the completion of a credible vote tabulation process. heritage, almost 40%; Afro-Guyanese, almost 30%; mixed, 20%; Amerindian, almost 11% (2012, CIA est.) Figure 1. Map of Guyana Area: 83,000 square miles, about the size of Idaho GDP: $3.9 billion (current prices, 2018, IMF est.) Real GDP Growth: 4.1% (2018 est.); 4.4% (2019 est.) (IMF) Per Capita GDP: $4,984 (2018, IMF est.) Life Expectancy: 69.6 years (2017, WB) Sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); World Bank (WB).
    [Show full text]
  • The Situation of Children in the Eastern Caribbean Area and UNICEF Response
    The Situation of Children in the Eastern Caribbean Area and UNICEF Response This Multi-CPAP covers 12 countries: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and the Turks and Caicos Islands, managed by the UNICEF Office for the Eastern Caribbean Area based in Barbados and some out-posted staff in Trinidad and Tobago. Eastern Caribbean Area countries covered by this document are included in (1) the United Nations Development Assistance Frameworks (UNDAFs) 2012-2016 for Barbados and the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and (2) UN Joint Programmes for Trinidad and Tobago. The poverty headcount in the Eastern Caribbean area ranges from 14 per cent in Barbados to 39 per cent in Dominica. The situation of those living under the poverty line is exacerbated by high income inequality where 20 per cent of the richest people receive 57 per cent of total incomei. Children account for a disproportionate share of the income poor in these Small Island Developing States (SIDS). The most disadvantaged girls and boys in the Eastern Caribbean Area include an estimated 500,000 children from income poor families, as well as non-income poor children from rural areas and outlying islands within island states; those at risk of violence, abuse, exploitation and discrimination- such as boys who have dropped out of school, street children, children in conflict with the law, children in institutions, children affected by migration, indigenous children in Dominica, children affected by HIV and children with disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • LIS-133: Antigua and Barbuda: Archipelagic and Other Maritime
    United States Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs Limits in the Seas No. 133 Antigua and Barbuda: Archipelagic and other Maritime Claims and Boundaries LIMITS IN THE SEAS No. 133 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARCHIPELAGIC AND OTHER MARITIME CLAIMS AND BOUNDARIES March 28, 2014 Office of Ocean and Polar Affairs Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs U.S. Department of State This study is one of a series issued by the Office of Ocean and Polar Affairs, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs in the Department of State. The purpose of the series is to examine a coastal State’s maritime claims and/or boundaries and assess their consistency with international law. This study represents the views of the United States Government only on the specific matters discussed therein and does not necessarily reflect an acceptance of the limits claimed. This study, and earlier studies in this series, may be downloaded from http://www.state.gov/e/oes/ocns/opa/c16065.htm. Comments and questions should be emailed to [email protected]. Principal analysts for this study are Brian Melchior and Kevin Baumert. 1 Introduction This study analyzes the maritime claims and maritime boundaries of Antigua and Barbuda, including its archipelagic baseline claim. The Antigua and Barbuda Maritime Areas Act, 1982, Act Number 18 of August 17, 1982 (Annex 1 to this study), took effect September 1, 1982, and established a 12-nautical mile (nm) territorial sea, 24-nm contiguous zone and 200-nm exclusive economic zone (EEZ).1 Pursuant to Act No.
    [Show full text]
  • Antigua and Barbuda 2019 Human Rights Report
    ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Antigua and Barbuda is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state. The governor general is the queen’s representative in country and certifies all legislation on her behalf. The ruling Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party won a majority of seats in March 2018 parliamentary elections. In their initial report, election monitors stated there were problems with the electoral process but concluded that the results “reflected the will of the people.” As of November their final report had not been released. Security forces consist of a police force; a prison guard service; immigration, airport, and port security personnel; the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force; and the Office of National Drug Control and Money Laundering Policy. Police fall under the supervision of the attorney general, who is also the minister of justice, legal affairs, public safety, and labor. Immigration falls under the minister of foreign affairs, international trade, and immigration. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Significant human rights issues included serious corruption and laws against consensual male same-sex sexual activity, although the laws against same-sex sexual activity were not strictly enforced. The government took steps to prosecute and punish those who committed human rights abuses. There were no reports of impunity involving the security forces during the year. Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings There were no reports the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings.
    [Show full text]
  • Antigua and Barbuda an Annotated Critical Bibliography
    Antigua and Barbuda an annotated critical bibliography by Riva Berleant-Schiller and Susan Lowes, with Milton Benjamin Volume 182 of the World Bibliographical Series 1995 Clio Press ABC Clio, Ltd. (Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado) Abstract: Antigua and Barbuda, two islands of Leeward Island group in the eastern Caribbean, together make up a single independent state. The union is an uneasy one, for their relationship has always been ambiguous and their differences in history and economy greater than their similarities. Barbuda was forced unwillingly into the union and it is fair to say that Barbudan fears of subordination and exploitation under an Antiguan central government have been realized. Barbuda is a flat, dry limestone island. Its economy was never dominated by plantation agriculture. Instead, its inhabitants raised food and livestock for their own use and for provisioning the Antigua plantations of the island's lessees, the Codrington family. After the end of slavery, Barbudans resisted attempts to introduce commercial agriculture and stock-rearing on the island. They maintained a subsistence and small cash economy based on shifting cultivation, fishing, livestock, and charcoal-making, and carried it out under a commons system that gave equal rights to land to all Barbudans. Antigua, by contrast, was dominated by a sugar plantation economy that persisted after slave emancipation into the twentieth century. Its economy and goals are now shaped by the kind of high-impact tourism development that includes gambling casinos and luxury hotels. The Antiguan government values Barbuda primarily for its sparsely populated lands and comparatively empty beaches. This bibliography is the only comprehensive reference book available for locating information about Antigua and Barbuda.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 Annual Report FORFINANCIAL the YEAR ENDED DECEMBER HIGHLIGHTS 31
    2015 Annual Report FORFINANCIAL THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER HIGHLIGHTS 31, (IN U.S. DOLLARS) 2015 2014 2013 Total revenues $ 57,116,202 $ 65,559,078 $ 63,822,131 Net income $ 7,518,701 $ 6,265,358 $ 8,594,519 Income from operations $ 8,468,064 $ 6,461,059 $ 7,661,576 1HWFDVKƮRZVIURPRSHUDWLRQV $ 17,319,786 $ 18,184,861 $ 9,379,944 Total assets $ 161,616,698 $ 160,459,831 $ 165,364,854 Total stockholders’ equity $ 148,195,105 $ 144,082,664 $ 141,498,373 Dividends declared per share $ 0.30 $ 0.30 $ 0.30 Basic earnings per share $ 0.51 $ 0.43 $ 0.59 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.51 $ 0.42 $ 0.58 Net income as a % of total revenues 13.16 % 9.56 % 13.47 % Income from operations as a % of total revenues 14.83 % 9.86 % 12.00 % 1HWFDVKƮRZVIURPRSHUDWLQJDFWLYLWLHVDVD 30.32 % 27.74 % 14.70 % of total revenues TRADING IN SHARES 2015 2014 Shares outstanding at year end 14,781,201 14,715,899 Low closing share price during year $ 9.78 $ 9.33 High closing share price during year $ 13.50 $ 14.47 Closing share price at year end $ 12.24 $ 10.68 CONSOLIDATED WATER (THE “COMPANY”) WAS INCORPORATED AS CAYMAN WATER IN 1973. OVER THE YEARS, WE HAVE BENEFITED FROM THE EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN TOURISM-RELATED DEVELOPMENT IN THE CAYMAN ISLANDS; GROWTH THAT HAS BEEN FACILITATED BY THE WATER WE HAVE PROVIDED. CONSOLIDATED WATER OPERATES IN THE CAYMAN ISLANDS AS CAYMAN WATER COMPANY LIMITED AND OCEAN CONVERSION (CAYMAN) LIMITED, WHICH TOGETHER OPERATE SEVEN PLANTS TO PRODUCE SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF THE PIPED DRINKING WATER ON GRAND CAYMAN.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Juvenile Justice Sector Reform Implementation in St. Lucia, St
    EVALUATION OF JUVENILE JUSTICE SECTOR REFORM IMPLEMENTATION IN ST. LUCIA, ST. KITTS AND NEVIS, AND GUYANA BASELINE REPORT April 2018 This publication was prepared independently by Dianne Williams, Lily Hoffman, Daniel Sabet, Catherine Caligan, and Meredith Feenstra of Social Impact. It was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development as part of the Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance – Learning, Evaluation, and Research activity. EVALUATION OF JUVENILE JUSTICE SECTOR REFORM IMPLEMENTATION IN ST. LUCIA, ST. KITTS AND NEVIS, AND GUYANA BASELINE REPORT April 2018 AID-OAA-M-13-00011 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I ACRONYMS II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND ON REFORM 2 EVALUATION PURPOSE AND EVALUATION QUESTIONS 5 EVALUATION PURPOSE 5 EVALUATION QUESTIONS 5 USAID PROJECT BACKGROUND 6 EVALUATION DESIGN, METHODS, AND LIMITATIONS 8 EVALUATION DESIGN 8 DATA SOURCES 8 HUMAN SUBJECTS’ PROTECTION 10 SAMPLING 10 DATA ANALYSIS 10 LIMITATIONS 11 FINDINGS & CONCLUSIONS 12 Q1: HAVE MILESTONES IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE REFORM PROCESS BEEN ACHIEVED? IF NOT, WHY NOT? 12 LEGAL COMPLIANCE 12 COORDINATION IN JUVENILE JUSTICE SERVICE DELIVERY 14 PRE-TRIAL DIVERSION AND ALTERNATIVE SENTENCING PROGRAMS 16 DETENTION FACILITIES 20 REINTEGRATION 23 EXPLAINING THE LACK OF CHANGE 24 CONCLUSION 26 Q2: HOW MANY YOUTHS ARE ENROLLED IN
    [Show full text]
  • Success Codes
    a Volume 2, No. 4, April 2011, ISSN 1729-8709 Success codes • NTUC FairPrice CEO : “ International Standards are very important to us.” • Fujitsu innovates with ISO standards a Contents Comment Karla McKenna, Chair of ISO/TC 68 Code-pendant – Flourishing financial services ........................................................ 1 ISO Focus+ is published 10 times a year World Scene (single issues : July-August, November-December) International events and international standardization ............................................ 2 It is available in English and French. Bonus articles : www.iso.org/isofocus+ Guest Interview ISO Update : www.iso.org/isoupdate Seah Kian Peng – Chief Executive Officer of NTUC FairPrice .............................. 3 Annual subscription – 98 Swiss Francs Special Report Individual copies – 16 Swiss Francs A coded world – Saving time, space and energy.. ..................................................... 8 Publisher ISO Central Secretariat From Dickens to Dante – ISBN propels book trade to billions ................................. 10 (International Organization for Uncovering systemic risk – Regulators push for global Legal Entity Identifiers ..... 13 Standardization) No doubt – Quick, efficient and secure payment transactions. ................................. 16 1, chemin de la Voie-Creuse CH – 1211 Genève 20 Vehicle ID – ISO coding system paves the way for a smooth ride ........................... 17 Switzerland Keeping track – Container transport security and safety.. .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Getting to St Vincent
    Getting to St Vincent Getting to St Vincent is easiest via the major Caribbean hub of Barbados with daily international flights from the US, Europe and South America. In addition flights into St Lucia, Grenada or Trinidad can connect into St Vincent with the local Caribbean carrier LIAT. The following is a list of airlines that fly in and out of Barbados with onward connection to St Vincent: (Flight dates, times and prices are subject to change during the winter and summer seasons) Flights from the USA via Barbados American Airlines • Travel from Miami to Barbados seven days per week • MIA to BGI – depart 10.20am, arrive 1.50pm • BGI to STV – depart 5.40pm, arrive 6.20pm • STV to BGI – depart 12.00pm, arrive 12.40pm • BGI to MIA – depart 3.15pm, arrive 7.10pm o www.aa.com Jet Blue • Travel from New York to Barbados seven days per week • JFK to BGI – depart 8.00am, arrive 12.45pm • BGI to STV – depart 5.40pm, arrive 6.20pm • STV to BGI – depart 12.00pm, arrive 12.40pm • BGI to JFK – depart 1.50pm, arrive 7.00pm o http://www.jetblue.com/ Flights from Canada via Barbados Air Canada • Fly from Toronto to Barbados seven days per week • YYZ to BGI – depart 9.30am, arrive 2.50pm • BGI to STV – depart 5.40pm, arrive 6.20pm • STV to BGI – depart 12.00pm, arrive 12.40pm • BGI to YYZ – depart 3.05pm, arrive 8.50pm West Jet • Fly from Toronto to Barbados four days per week • YYZ to BGI – depart 9.30am, arrive 2.45pm • BGI to STV – depart 5.40pm, arrive 6.20pm • STV to BGI – depart 12.00pm, arrive 12.40pm • BGI to YYZ – depart 3.40pm, arrive 9.26pm o http://www.westjet.com/ Flights from UK and Europe via Barbados Virgin Atlantic – from London Gatwick Virgin Atlantic is our preferred carrier in all cabins on flights to and from the Caribbean and United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Partnership Fact Sheet
    PARTNERSHIP FACT SHEET PORTMORE, JAMAICA + TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA LOCATED IN THE ATLANTIC HURRICANE BELT, Portmore, Jamaica is extremely susceptible to hurricanes that RESULTS can cause severe flooding and widespread infrastructure damage. Portmore is a low-lying area on the southern coast of Jamaica. 1 Originally a predominantly agricultural area, the city transformed into a large residential community in the 1950s and became home Based off of a collective social learning for thousands of residents who worked in Kingston. Since then, workshop model from Townsville, the the population of Portmore has grown extremely rapidly, leading partnership hosted a workshop for 46 key it to become the largest residential area in the Caribbean. stakeholders from local government, civil society, and the national government in One of the greatest climate related risks to Portmore is the Portmore to prioritize climate actions that will potential impacts from tropical storms, storm surges and sea feed into Portmore’s Climate Action Plan. level rise. The coastal location of the city also renders it highly susceptible to incremental changes in sea levels and the potential 2 for inundation that will only worsen with future seal level rise. Portmore adopted climate education initiatives from Townsville that will work with students Recognizing that the city’s flood risk is increasing with the threat from elementary to high school on the of climate change, Portmore applied to be part of the CityLinks creation of sensors to monitor indoor energy partnership in the hopes of receiving technical assistance to better consumption and indoor temperatures. plan for future climate impacts. 3 After seeing the impacts white roofs had PARTNERING ON SHARED CLIMATE CHALLENGES in Townsville, Portmore is considering the Although, the distance between Townsville and Portmore design of municipal pilot projects that would couldn’t be greater, local government structure and shared encourage white roofs.
    [Show full text]